Transmission Development Plan 2010-2019

TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2010 -

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ver. 1.0 faqe 1 nga 123

Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning

Transmission Development Plan

2010 - 2019


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Content: ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................5

1.1 Role of the Transmission System and Market Operator..............................................7 1.2 Transmission network.......................................................................................................7 1.3 Plan context ........................................................................................................................9 1.4 Plan content ......................................................................................................................11

2. GRID CODE REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................13 2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................13 2.2 Relevant data for planning –obligations of the transmission system users .............14 2.3 Character Data..................................................................................................................14 2.4 Standards and criteria for transmission network planning ........................................15 2.5 Network Planning Criteria 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV............................................16 2.6 Long-term planning criteria for the re-vitalizing of the transmission network ......18 2.7 Planning methodology ....................................................................................................19 2.8 Planning for the substations configurations ................................................................20

3. PREDICTION FOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND............................................................24 3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................24 3.2 Demand historical and current situation ......................................................................25 3.3 Demand profile ................................................................................................................27 3.4 Long term forecasts of the demand ..............................................................................29 3.5 New loads that are planned but not confirmed...........................................................33

4. GENERATION CAPACITIES OF KOSOVO POWER SYSTEM .............................34 4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................34

4.1.1 Power plant Kosova A ...............................................................................................34 4.1.2 Power plant Kosovo B ...............................................................................................35 4.1.3 Hydro plants in Kosovo.............................................................................................35

4.2 Planning of the new generating units............................................................................36 4.3 Renewable energy ............................................................................................................38

4.3.1 Small hydro plants .......................................................................................................38 4.3.2 Wind energy .................................................................................................................39

5. KOSOVO TRANSMISSION NETWORK........................................................................41 5.1 History of the transmission network ............................................................................41 5.2 The current capacities of the transmission network...................................................43

5.2.1 Capacity of the transmission lines.............................................................................44 5.2.2 Transforming capacities .............................................................................................44 5.2.3 Interconnection lines capacities ................................................................................45

5.3 Current situation of the transmission network............................................................47 5.3.1 The transmission network situation before entering into the operation of SS Peja 3 47 5.3.2 Situation of the transmission network – end of 2009 year....................................48

5.4 Projects impact (2009) in the increase of performance of the transmission network 50 5.5 Development of the transmission network 2010-2019..............................................52


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5.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................52 5.5.2 List of the planned projects in the transmission network .....................................54

5.6 Description of the transmission planned projects ......................................................66 5.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................66 5.6.2 Projects for reinforcement of the transmission network ......................................67 5.6.3 Projects on the re-vitalizing of the lines 110kV......................................................75 5.6.4 Projects for the support of the load .........................................................................78 5.6.5 Projects for the re-vitalizing of the substations ......................................................81 5.6.6 Projects for the improvement for monitoring, controlling and measuring of the transmission system ..................................................................................................................84

6. TRANSMISSION NETWORK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ...................................91 6.4 Technical analysis of the transmission network (year - 2011) ...................................98

6.4.3 Voltage profile and losses ........................................................................................100 6.5 Technical analysis of the transmission network (year - 2013) .................................101

6.5.2 N-1 security criteria analysis ....................................................................................102 6.5.3 Voltage profile and losses ........................................................................................103

6.6 Technical analysis of the transmission network (year - 2014) .................................104 6.6.1 N security criteria analysis ........................................................................................105 6.6.2 N-1 security criteria analysis ....................................................................................105 6.6.3 Voltage profile and losses ........................................................................................106

7. FAULT CURRENTS IN THE TRANSMISSION NETWORK..................................108 7.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................108 7.2 Calculation of fault currents level ................................................................................108

7.2.1 Mathematical model, calculation methodology and applied software...............108 7.2.2 Features of the power circuits of the transmission network...............................109

7.3 Results of the calculated fault currents .......................................................................110 7.3.1 Assessments of the calculated fault currents (2009).............................................110 7.3.2 Assessments of the calculated fault currents (2011).............................................111 7.3.3 Assessments of the calculated breaking currents (2013) .....................................112 7.3.4 Assessments of the calculated fault currents (2014).............................................113

8. POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSMISSION NETWORK (2010-2019)...................................................................................................................................................114

8.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................114 8.2 Possible 400 kV network developments in relation to the generation development. 115

9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .......................................................................................118 9.1 Environmental caution..................................................................................................118 9.2 Environmental problems in the transmission system ..............................................118 One can say that the Environmental problems in the transmission system is divided into following: ......................................................................................................................................118

9.2.1 Environmental problems caused by the lines .......................................................118 9.3 Caution on the other environmental impacts ............................................................120 9.4 Environmental plans .....................................................................................................120

10. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................122


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning ABBREVIATIONS

ENTSO/E – (European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity)

ESTAP I &II - (Energy Sector Technical Assistance Project)

GIS - (Generation Investment Study)

KOSTT – System, transmission and market operator JSC

KEK – Kosovo Energy Corporation J.S.C.

MEM – Ministry of Energy and Mining

MTI – Ministry of Trade and Industry

OPGW – Optical Ground Wire

TSO – Transmission system operator

PSS/E- Power System Simulator/Engineering

TDP – Transmission Development Plan

REBIS - (”Regional Balkans Infrastructure Study”)

EES –Power system

SCADA/EMS – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition/Energy Management System

SECI – South East Cooperative Initiative (Regional transmission planning project)

EMS – Environment management system

TACSR/ACS – (Special conductor with high level of thermic resistance, Al-Çe)

IT – Information technology

ERO – Energy Regulatory Office


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 1. INTRODUCTION

Electricity sector as one of the most important industrial sectors in the economy of Kosovo

should be developed and planned appropriately. Transmission network, which is operated by

KOSTT, plays an important role in the energy and electricity system enabling the

transmission of power from generators to large customers and distribution nodes.

The vision of KOSTT, is to be a profitable company for safe and stable transmission of

electricity, responsible to society and the environment and integrated into the European

mechanisms”.

KOSTT mission is to provide:

• Quality services by implementing technical and technological achievements in the

development of the transmission system;

• Transparency and non - discrimination in competitive electricity market;

• Gaining advance position in regional and European level, supported by the

continuous increase of human capacities.

Related to the above mentioned responsibilities on the transmission system development

and legal obligations, KOSTT drafted the Transmission Development Plan (TDP), which

represents one of the main basis of development planning of KOSTT. The importance of

preparing and implementing such document is faced also in the legislative requirements

related to the preparation and treatment of this document and as such belong to the primary

and secondary level legislation.

Legal requirements:

Law on Energy:

The relevant system operators prepare development plans which are compatible with the energy strategy,

strategy implementation plan, and energy balances.

Law on Electricity:

The transmission network operator is responsible for drafting and publishing short-term and long-term

plans for expanding and modernizing the transmission network.


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Licenses for the Transmission System Operator:

In accordance with the article 8 of the Law on Energy and article 16 of the Rule for licensing the energy

activities in Kosovo, will prepare issue and publish the development plan for the transmission system.

Grid Code:

Each year KOSTT will prepare and issue a detailed plan on the development of the transmission

(TDP) for the next 7 years.

Rule on the licensing of the energy activities in Kosovo:

One applicant for receiving the license for system transmission operator of the energy

shall submit the business plan that contains information on predicting the demand and

system development plan as provided by article 13.1 of the Law on Electricity, including the

impact of system development of tariffs approved by ERO as per tariffs methodology.

ENTSO-E Requirements:

According to the article of the (EC) Regulation No. 714/2009 of the 3rd package that

defines the coordination of the operation and development of the transmission system "an

extensive network plan for the community-wide should include modeling of integrated

network, scenario development, an adequacy concept generation and an assessment of the

resilience of the system”. Furthermore, TDP (Transmission Development Plan) should

build on national investment plans and, if appropriate under the guidelines for energy

networks.

Based on the above mentioned legal obligations, KOSTT is obliged to draft and after

approval from Energy Regulatory Office, to publish and implement such document, which

is drafted in full compliance with Energy Strategy of Kosovo.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 1.1 Role of the Transmission System and Market Operator

KOSTT mandate is defined by the Law on Electricity, secondary legislation and licenses

issued by the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO). KOSTT as an independent operator of

transmission system and market is responsible for operating and developing the transmission

system, including network transmission and operation of electricity market.

KOSTT responsibilities dealing with development of the transmission network are:

• Organization of preliminary studies for possibilities for new constructions of transmission capacities,

facilities and equipment supported by technical, economic and financial studies

• Compilation and publication of short and long term plans for expansion and modernization of the

transmission network.

• the development of transmission network and interconnection with neighboring networks in order to

guarantee the security of supply,

• provide sufficient information on any other system operator to which the system is connected to ensure

that it is a matter related to their development requirements

• Coordination on the planning and development of transmission network with counterpart companies

in the region and drafting of the ten-years plan at the ENTSO-E level

Under the granted license, KOSTT shall prepare and publish the transmission

development plan for the next three years as part of the ten-year development plan. TDP

after approved by the Energy Regulatory Office should be published by KOSTT.

Network users can use this plan to plan their future activities, for new connections or

strengthening the existing ones.

1.2 Transmission network

Transmission network of the Republic of Kosovo operates three levels of voltage 400

KV, 220 KV and 110 KV. Kosovo as electricity -energy area is connected through cross-


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning border lines with neighboring countries: Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania.

Boundaries of generation and distribution assets that are managed and maintained by

KOSTT is in lower terminals of the power transformer 110 kV by the load, or upper

transformer of the generator, while the boundary for the eligible customers is in the

connection portals.

Kosovo Power System is characterized by strong network interconnection voltage of

400 kV, which is strongly interconnected in the regional network. Powerful interconnection

of the transmission network with the surrounding networks around the ranks the Power

System of Kosovo, as one of the important nodes of Power in the region and beyond. The

continuous increase of electricity consumption in the country and the region, increase power

flows in the internal lines and those of interconnection. This increase of power flows

continuously narrows safety margins of the stability of Kosovo’s Power System, and other

systems interrelated with our system. Necessary reinforcements in the transmission network

in the country and in the region are vital in maintaining the stability and reliability of the

system in the near future.

Currently the main problems identified in the transmission network, appear in 110 kV

network and the 220/110 kV transformation. 110 kV network is characterized by rings

containing multiple substations connected in series, which cause the voltage drop in the final

node. The current network of 110 kV even after the establishment of several transmission

capacity, is still characterized as not well optimized network, with losses of active and

reactive power relatively large and voltages in some nodes with unsatisfactory level. Reasons

for this level of losses and the level of voltage in some areas of the transmission network are

the lack of strong injection nodes, the large distance from the generating sources (reactive

power transmission over long distances, causing large voltage drop and increased active and

reactive losses), 110 kV lines with 150 mm2 sections and very high consumption.

In this TDP are identified the network reinforcements needed that will ensure safe

operation and reliable quality system and better supply for the customers, in accordance with

technical requirements specified in the Grid Code.

Activities are undertaken to draft a study on the topology of the transmission network,


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning which will be considered a possible new design in order to avoid the problems of best

possible optimizing.

1.3 Plan context

The process of planning and development of transmission network is a long and

complex process. The process involves a number of activities, such as network development

in relation to energy demand prediction, generation prediction, enabling the identification of

necessary reinforcements and extensions needed to achieve network operating within the

parameters of reliability and environmental impact. Although TDP takes as a reference

prediction for a certain period of time based on the ten-year Balance of Power, the plan

must also convey the strategic development of the transmission system over the long term

timeframe.

The planning process is a result of the process of restructuring the energy market. The

planning process has changed in some respects, compared to the previous process in the

vertically integrated companies:

• Uncertainties coming from the market environment and input data.

• Objectives of different network users (generators, traders, suppliers, customers and network

operators) and

• Non-compliance and disproportion between the technical, economic, environmental and social

requirements.

• Uncertainties coming from the level of integration of energy from the renewable resources

Also, the need for regional market integration requires increasing and strengthening of the

interconnection capacity, which affects the planning process at national level.

Network development options based on the Planning Code and on the general planning

rules recommended by the ENTSO/E. Determinative methodology (defining), which is

based on the security criteria N-1, presents the basic methodology applied in this plan, the

purpose of identifying and determining the list of projects necessary for development of the


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning transmission network.

This plan contains information on the development and reinforcement expected to occur in

the transmission network in Kosovo for 10 years in the following:

• Building of new transformation and transmission capacities,

• Strengthening of existing transmission and transformation capacities,

• Construction of the interconnection lines with the neighboring countries,

• Re-vitalizing of the existing equipments of the high voltage (lines and substations)

• Development of supporting systems of transmission system (SCADA/EMS, metering etc.)

It also contains information on the possibilities of connecting new generating units and new

loads on the transmission system.

The main objective of the ten-year plan is to identify projects which will increase

capacity, reliability, and efficiency of the operation of the transmission network. This plan

will enable consumers, energy market participants, energy producers, prospective investors

to get familiar with the transmission development plan for the next ten years.

This document presents development plan drafted in KOSTT, and unlike the first TDP

(2007-2013), it now covers a period of ten years from 2010 until 2019, in compliance with

the requirements arising from ENTSO/E, where the year 2009 presents the reference year

or the so-called year zero. All information in the development plan as project details, the

expected date of the start of the project, applications for connection to network transmission

that occurred during the first and second quarter of 2009, are taken into consideration in

developing this document.

For the preparation of development plan appropriate calculations were made with the

relevant software PSS/E, simulating computer models of the system based on data provided

by KOSTT and network users, and based as well on the load prediction by the Department

of the System Operation in KOSTT.


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Load forecast is based on historical data (consumption, maximum load, the load

duration curve, etc.), as well as the expected demand from industrial and commercial

consumption and new connections expected to occur. Generation data are provided by

KEK - Generation and other generators. Data for interconnections expected to be built in

the region, were provided by studies made in the Planning Group for Regional Transmission

Network Planning - SECI, in which group KOSTT contributes as well through its

representatives

For each year of the development studies were conducted for the power flows,

simultaneously following the increase of the demand for maximum load. Also calculations

were made for failures during different periods of time. Based on the results of calculations,

it is possible to provide estimates on how the network will operate for the estimated next

years. Bottlenecks are identified and possible solutions were presented by analyzing their

impact on improving the operating performance of the transmission network. Bottlenecks

are identified and possible solution is presented by analyzing its impact in the improvement

of the operating performance of the transmission network. KOSTT has been carefully

evaluating the accuracy of information, which does not fall under KOSTT responsibility,

making clear that KOSTT is not responsible for information or incorrect information

received from other parties.

1.4 Plan content

TDP is structured in 9 chapters including the introduction:

Chapter 1– Introduction

Chapter 2 - Technical requirements of the Grid Code - presented the process of data

collection, planning criteria and standards, and configuration of substations by voltage level

400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV.

Chapter 3 - Presents forecast demand for electricity consumption divided in the past three

years and forecast consumption for the next 10 years.

Chapter 4 - List of existing generators and planned ones. It is also presented the renewable

generation and KOSTT policies in support of this technology.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Chapter 5 - It is described the KOSTT network transmission, and interconnection with its

neighbours. A part of this chapter describes in details the future developments of the

network.

Chapter 6 - System performance is presented for different network conditions for certain

periods of development plan.

Chapter 7 – Contains the results of the short circuit currents for certain periods of time, in

order to assess the disconnection ability of existing switchers and dynamic stability of high

voltage equipment in case of occurrence of failures in the transmission network.

Chapter 8 – Are discussed possibilities of developing the transmission network in relation to

possible developments in new generation capacity. It is also discussed the long-term vision

of the future 400 kV network.

Chapter 9 - Includes access to environmental planning policy in relation to the

Transmission Development Plan

Chapter 10 - Contains a list of references.

Results of the calculations and simulations, diagrams, electrical maps are presented in the

Annexes.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 2. GRID CODE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Introduction

One of the main KOSTT objectives is development of the transmission system with

the purpose of safe operation, efficient and reliable in order to enable transmission of the

electricity in covering the requirements in full compliance with the legal obligations.

Transmission System Operator plans development in the network based on long-term

electricity needs. Demand for electricity transmission depends on many factors: increased

consumption, installation of new generating units, new boundary lines, the development of

heavy industry, etc.. The need for reinforcements in the transmission network is determined

based on the study of network performance against the planned technical standards outlined

in the Grid Code respectively Planning Code.

Grid Code covers the operational procedures and provisions governing the

interaction between KOSTT and users of the Transmission System in Kosovo. This code

also includes the processes of planning, connection, operation and balances system in

normal and emergency situations. Processes include different periods based on the situations

in the past, current situation and long-term domain

The Grid Code is divided into 7 chapters:

- Code of the general conditions,

- Terms of reference,

- Planning code,

- Connection code,

- Code of operational planning,

- Balancing code, and

- Operational code Planning Code specifies technical criteria and procedures to be applied by KOSTT

in planning and development of the Transmission System of Kosovo. Even users of the

Transmission System during the planning and development of their systems should consider

the Planning Code. This code also sets requirements for the collection of reliable


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning information from users, so that KOSTT can make planning and development of

transmission system in Kosovo.

Based on Article 14 of the 'License of the Transmission System Operator'

Transmission System Operator also has developed the basic planning criteria which are

detailed in the document approved by the ERO, "Transmission System Security and

Planning Standards ”. This document defines a range of criteria and methodologies that

KOSTT should adopt (enforce) in the planning process of developing the transmission

network in Kosovo

2.2 Relevant data for planning –obligations of the transmission system users

In order for KOSTT to implement its development plan for the Transmission Network all

network users are required to submit relevant data affecting the determination of the plan.

This section will briefly describe the process of collecting data needed for long-term

planning, since more detailed ones can be found in Planning Code - Grid Code, which can

be downloaded from the official site of KOSTT: www.kostt.com

During the process of applying for new connections in the transmission network, to

enable the completion of each connection offer - each user must submit to KOSTT the

standard data of planning and preliminary project planning, attached to the application for

connection application, and within two months from the date of the receiving the bid, the

detailed planning data should be submitted. Any change from the previous data network

users, the party is obliged to inform KOSTT in order to revised data.

KOSTT is also required to present users with the system data to enable users to model their

network related to the contribution of the fault currents.

2.3 Character Data

The data, which transmission system users are obliged to send to KOSTT, are characterized

depending on the type of system users. They usually fall into two main categories:

• Generator, and


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• Load

Existing and new generators are required to submit data for generating units’ plants, which

are required by KOSTT, and all data changes that occur for different reasons. Each

generation in the application for connection to KOSTT for getting a new connection or

modification of an existing connection, must provide the necessary information as required

by Planning Code.

The data, which are filled must contain the information such as plant location, name and

type of facility, waiting time of entering the post etc.., and information of the technical

nature such as expected monthly production of power, features of the power generator, the

technical characteristics of synchronous machine, turbine, adjustment equipment (speed

regulator, exciter , fluctuations stabilizers), the data of step up transformer, the connection

configuration, data allocation and the type of relay protection, data for the own consumption

needs of the plant, etc..

The load has the character of distribution points that use the transmission network. They

represent all the substations and distribution network, the network included 220 kV and 110

kV, and industrial customers connected to the transmission network.

Each user with the loading application for connection submitted to KOSTT for a new

connection or modification of an existing connection must provide the necessary

information as required by Planning Code. This information should contain information

about the substation location, time of becoming operational, load forecasting for the next 10

years, etc.., and technical data such as configuration of the substation, voltage level,

transformers data, data on high voltage equipment, nature of the load, type of obstacles in

low voltage level, etc..

Detailed description about the users’ data at this point is made so that the reader could have

a clear perception that any non-consistency in this document is subject to the user if they

follow the criteria listed above.

2.4 Standards and criteria for transmission network planning

Transmission network planning based on the criteria set out in Planning Code, which are

described in detail in the document " Transmission System Security and Planning”


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Standards.

Standard method of planning or determinative methods of transmission network

planning, which presents the classical method used in many countries, which also applies to

KOSTT. The main principle according to which the transmission network is dimensioned, is

the necessity of fulfilling all technical requirements in accordance with Grid Code, and that

the N-1 elements at work facing the most difficult conditions for operation. So basically this

method of planning is mainly based on critical conditions of operation of the transmission

network. In principle, planning the transmission system in Kosovo is conduct is such a

manner that the operation of the system meets the criteria 'N-1'. However, in some

situations where it is not efficient to fulfill the 'N-1' criteria there will be applied exemptions

for a period of time.

2.5 Network Planning Criteria 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV

Kosovo's transmission system at 400 kV and 220 kV has technical and economic

characteristics which differ from the 110 kV systems. Investment cost and their

dimensioning criteria are much higher than at 110 kV. Transmission system is

interconnected with regional transmission systems through the network of 400 kV and 220

kV, so the effects of investment in network voltage 400 kV and 220 kV are not isolated but

have a regional character. KOSTT has defined the strategy for developing the transmission

network which is oriented in strengthening / development of the network 110 kV and 400

kV, whilst network 220 kV will not be develop further, except for specific cases where no

other solution could be found.

Transmission System Planning is made according to the criteria defined in the Grid Code,

considering the fulfillment of the N-1 criteria, meaning that the system must be capable of

normal operation in case of occurrence of the fault in the network (in Kosovo or in other

systems) and the loss of one of the following elements:

• airline or cable lines

• transformer,

• compensator, and


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning • generator (this criteria can not be seen in the plan, but it is a requirment for the

developers of generation capacity)

In case of loss of one of the above elements as a result of failures or maintenance,

transmission system must fulfill the following operation conditions:

• transmission lines should not be charged on their thermal limits,

• the reduction of the supply capacity is not allowed

• the level of voltage tension and speed change can not be outside of the certain limits,

• transient and dynamic stability of the Power System should not be endangered, and

• power transformers should not be over-loaded.

110 kV network, whose development is done in accordance with the Transmission

Connection Charging Methodology of KOSTT, includes all equipment, voltage 110 kV

(lines and facilities) in addition to the distribution transformers 110/10 (20) kV and 110/35

kV.

In normal operating conditions the performance of the transmission system should be

operating in accordance with criteria outlined in the Grid Code.

Grid Code defines the permitted limits of the voltage in the transmission system as in Table

2.1

Table 2.1 Permitted limits of the voltage


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Loading the transmission lines above the designed thermal limits of the conductors,

will be perceived as overload of the line. Also, each load of the transformer above their

nominal power will be considered as their overloading.

In the table below are presented thermal margins for conductor of the cross sections,

which standards are applied in KOSTT.

Table 2.2 Standard electrical parameters for air lines and cables

2.6 Long-term planning criteria for the re-vitalizing of the transmission network

The re-vitalizing plan for the electro-energetic elements as air lines, transformers, cables

and substations, generally depends on the technical situation, their age and intensity of use of

these elements in retrospect. The re-vitalizing plan of the transmission network equipment is

done as follows:

Air lines: their re-vitalizing depends on two factors: their age and level of losses incurred

in the line during a long – term domain. For phase conductor and earth wire, insulator,

connection bridges, the time of 40 years represents a condition for adding them into the re-

vitalizing list.


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In terms of losses in the list for re-vitalizing are included the lines of cross section of

150mm2, which are also associated with the first factor, since the initial development phase

of the transmission network (1950-1970) 110 kV lines are built with the cross section

conductor of 150mm2.

Power transformers: plan of replacing the power transformers of the transmission

network is based on their expected lifetime, which is estimated at 50 years. Another

important factor which affects that the transformers will be included in the list for the

replacement is their factual situation, which is monitored by maintenance teams through

their periodic testing.

Substations (overhead line bay and transformers): the re-vitalizing plan of the

substations areas, which are included in the defined boundaries of the transmission network,

is also based on age of the equipment and their factual situation. Priority for re-vitalizing

have substations with high impact on transmission systems, but also all the substations that

their age has passed 40 years.

2.7 Planning methodology

Approach on the methodology of planning for the transmission network consists of

the following steps:

• Collection of input data (creation of data base for computer modeling of the network).

• Definition of different scenarios taking into account factors strengthening the development of generation,

load, applications for connection, balance of power system, exchanges etc...

• The creation of computer models of the network transmission format to PSS/E.

• Determine the plan for re-vitalizing the existing electrical equipment on the basis of their life cycle.

• Identification of network constraints (N-1 tests).

• Definition of the possibilities of strengthening the network on the basis of N-1 tests.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning • Analysis of the voltage profiles and losses in the system.

• The final definition of the reinforcement plan and plan for re-vitalizing transmission network

In the table 2.1 is presented the planning methodology of the transmission network

Figure 2-1 process of the planning development and re-vitalizing of the transmission network

2.8 Planning for the substations configurations

KOSTT has prepared the document on the Transmission System Security and

Planning Standards, wherein are presented the planning standards for substations

Gathering of input data and Creation of system model in PSS/E

Creation of models with current andPlanned conditions

Technical analysis of the performance ofsystem ( Power flows , criteria N -1

with PSS/E

Identification of needs for

system reinforcement

Creation of different scenarios ofsystem reinforcement

Selection of most optimal scenarios andCreation of final list of development

Projects and revitalization of the TN

Technical analysis of the performance ofsystem (power flows, criteria N-1)

with PSS/E

Evaluation of applications forconnection to TN

Connection approved

Revitalization plan of transmission network

Data on the state andageing of equipments


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400/220 kV, 400/110 kV, 220/110 kV and 110/10 (20) kV, which the document is

approved by ERO.

All 400/110 kV substations planned will be the configuration of double bus bars with

coupler and open system. Dimensioning of electrical equipment based on the Electrical

Equipment Code, always being supported by computer analysis of power that define the

power flows and short circuit level to the respective substations. From these criteria one

might exclude those substations wherein the powers generators can be connected and

consumers of such importance that from one link is required security operation higher

than usual. In these cases the design of bus bars can be done according to additional

specifications.

Figure 2-2 presents the standard configuration for substations of 400/110 kV voltage

level. Double bus bars system for 400 kV voltage level shown in figure 2-2 can be

advanced with the additional system of the auxiliary bus bars in substations that are

connected to more than three 400 kV lines.

Figure 2-2 Standard planning of the bus bars configuration of the new substations in the

transmission network


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220/110 kV substations configuration will be similar to the 400/110 kV substations.

Configuration of substations 110/10 (20) kV is designed based on two standards regarding

system bus bars of 110 kV. Number of lines planned to be connected in the 110 kV

substations will be determinant for the bus bars system. For substations that will be

connected in the long term domain only with two lines it is applied the bus bars system of

the "H" type shown in figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3

Whilst for the substations that will be connected with more than two lines it is applied the

system of the double bus bars as shown in the figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4


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The dimensions of the phase conductors and the protective for transmission lines are also

standardized as follows:

For 110 kV lines: conductor 1x240/40mm2 of ASCR, earth wire C 1x50 mm2;

For 220 kV lines: conductor 1x360/65mm2 of ASCR, earth wire C 2x50 mm2 or

1x490/65 mm2 of ASCR earth wire C 2x70 mm2.

For 400 kV lines: conductor mm2 of ASCR 2x490/65, earth wire Al 2x126 mm2.

There is also another technology and conductors that have been applied in KOSTT.

These conductors called "Hot wire" are the work of special alloy TACSR/ACS, which

has the ability to work at higher temperatures. Usually used for short length of lines and

where there is no possibility of strengthening the pillars. Their transmission capacity, e.g.

a conductor of TACSR/ACS of 150/25mm2 / is the same with the transmission

capacity of a conventional conductor 240/40mm2, while the weight is almost the same as

conventional 150/25mm2 conductor. Their handicap is that such replacement of

conductors does not help reduce power losses, and therefore they are preferred only in

short circuit lines and those cases where there is no possibility of reinforcement of the

towers, which is not possible to install because of the weight of the conventional

conductor of 240/40mm2.

All the new routes (enforced as well) will be equipped with at least 48 OPGW fibers in

protective conductor to support the planned telecommunications network SCADA/

EMS.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 3. PREDICTION FOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND

3.1 Introduction

To determine the need for reinforcements in the transmission network is necessary

to predict demand. Prediction of demand (consumption) represent an integral part of

planning the transmission network, generation and operation. Forecasting electricity needs

over the long term presents no easy task. Projects on creation of new generation,

transmission and distribution capacity represent major investments and capital that require

time in the planning and implementation. Major projects as the creation of generation

capacity require a period of four to eight years; creation of transmission and distribution

capacity also require one to three years. Any delay in the planning or implementation of

projects makes it difficult to have a long-term planning of demand.

Forecasting future demand is not isolated activity. It should reflect the role of

electricity in the society. National strategic government policies and strategic decisions

approved by the government represent an important factor in determining the forecast

energy demand in long-term horizont. The difficulty in planning the overall socio-economic

development of the country determines the mandatory sharing of forecast demand in

different scenario. A breakdown of the forecast scenarios determines some cases, which shall

be ranked according to a greater probability that can occur in the future.

For the important concept for forecasting the demand for Kosovo's Power System,

are conducted several national and regional studies which will be as a reference point of the

planning the request, which will include the period from 2010 to 2019.

Demand forecast is based on the document: [2] Long Term Energy Balance 2009 to

2018. Also for comparison purposes are analyzed various research papers such as: [16]

REBIS ("Regional Balkans Infrastructure Study"), historical data from the Dispatch Center

of KOSTT, research project [12] ESTAP I (Energy Sector Technical Assistance Project).


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 3.2 Demand historical and current situation

For several years the electricity sector in Kosovo is faced with supply problems.

Daily reductions planned, or unplanned are still present. This means that the recorded

consumption is not the same as demand which would exist if there was a safe and quality

supply of electricity. Planned reductions (scheduled) are mainly done in the hours when

required consumption can not be covered by local generation capacity and lack of imports,

or because of capacity limitation of the distribution network. The unplanned reductions

happen due to unexpected and unforeseeable faults, and because of interruptions in

generation units, in the distribution and network infrastructure.

Insufficient investment in strengthening the transmission and distribution network,

have contributed that the transmission network was operating with large strain and

restrictions that have contributed to reducing the reliability of Power System. In Table 3-1

the diagram presenting historical electricity consumption for our country and Table 3-2

presents the history of the maximum load over the years. Diagram almost shows the political

history and development of our country.

Figure 3-1 Historical electricity consumption for Kosovo during years


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Figure. 3-2 History of the maximum load over years in Kosovo

During the after war period and in particular during winter season when demand for

electricity increases there are very few periods when the supply was made without

restrictions.

Energy consumption has continuously increased over the years.

Higher growth in consumption happened in 2002 (9 %) and 2005 (7.3 %). The reasons for

this enormous increase in electricity consumption are numerous and reflect the present

economic – social situation of our country. Some of the main reasons are:

• The non-efficient use of electricity.

• The problem of non payment of the measured energy spent and losses due to not measured

energy that was spent.

• Displacement of population from rural to urban areas has resulted in increased demand for

electricity, since the heating is done mainly on electricity.

• The creation of small and medium economies and service activities.

• Increase of the number of household appliances, etc.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning In the table 3-1 is given the maximum powers recorded for the years 2001 to 2008 during

winter season and summer season.

Tab. 3-1 Maximum active powers summer and winter for the years 2001 to 2009

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Winter peak [MW] 763 723 759 811 898 916 933 967 1072

Summer peak[MW] 522 560 597 569 617 637 690 764 795

3.3 Demand profile

Characteristics of the load duration curve of the Power System of Kosovo has

undergone constant changes, both in terms of growth but also proportional to the change of

load factor. In figure 3-3 we can see the load duration curve for the previous year in 2009.

Summer consumption growth has led to increased load factor, while 50% of the annual

period of time of the load was above value of 570 MW.

Once we ascertain the increased load factor then it would be useful to present the

load factor statistics for 2001 -2008 period.

Lakorja e kohzgjatjes se ngarkeses LF = 0.6.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 9 14 18 23 27 32 37 41 46 50 55 59 64 69 73 78 82 87 91 96

Perq

indj

a e

ngar

kese

s nd

aj p

ikut

vje

tor

1072

MW

Piku =1072MW

50% te kohes vjetori konsumi ka qenë mbi 613MW50% of annual time consumption was above 613MW

Load duration curve LF =0.6

Peak = 1072MW

MW

Pea

k =

1072

MW

Figure. 3-3 Curve of the duration of the lord for 2009


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In the text above noted the appearance of the load factor statistics for the period 2001 –

2009.

Demand for electricity is followed with curves, which in general can be expected to occur. A

periodic form can be seen in winter week diagram, which is a typical week in winter of 2009

in the figure 3-4. Maximum request time is reached between 19 and 21 while the minimum

between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning

Fig. 3-4 Tipical Diagram of a week selected in last winter 2008

In figure 3-5 is presented a daily diagram for four days of 2009: winter maximum,

winter minimum, summer maximum and summer minimum.

Figure 3-5 Daily common diagram - winter maximum, winter minimum selected for 2009

year


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning The curve form indicates the nature of the load of the Power system. Peak hours occur,

almost at the same time in the winter season and in summer season.

An approximately constant load generation occurs at around 11 to 18 which begin at the

second peak hour as per value.

The form shows the non-industrial character of the load and reflects the typical activities of

each household within the day, and of the small and medium economies, which work most

of their time from morning to evening hours. Consumption and reduced loads recorded for

each hour in the National Dispatch Center. Value of consumption that can not be

distributed to customers due to lack of energy or because of limited network capacity is

managed carefully by the system operators and registered as a reduced power per each hour

3.4 Long term forecasts of the demand

Forecast demand for electricity that is taken into consideration in planning the

transmission network is based on the forecasts described in the document on the “Long

term Balance of Power 2009-2018” approved by the ERO and MEM. To forecast the

demand for electricity in Kosovo, mathematical model was created in Excel. This model is

based on the possible scenario:

• Predic t ions on the e conomic growth in the Republ i c o f Kosovo. • Industr ia l deve lopment • Predic t ions o f reducing te chnical and commerc ial losses • Correc t ion o f the load prof i l e

During the demand modeling it was taken into account the capacity of the transmission

network, the network reinforcement plans and their effects depending on the time of

implementation, versus increased demand. Biggest obstacle in the process of accurately

forecasts demand causes the delayed process of population census, as well as macro-

economic data on development of the country.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Prediction for growth in demand for electricity and peak demand period 2009-2018 are

shown in figure 3-6.

Fig. 3-6 Scenario for the low, average and high increase of the gross electricity and peak hour’s

demand

The analysis of transmission system performance through the years in perspective is

performed for two determinative conditions:

• For winter maximum consumption (base scenario)

• For maximum summer consumption (base scenario)

In the figure 3-7 is given the forecasts of winter and summer maximum consumption from

2009 to 2018 under three growth scenarios.


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Figure 3-7 Forecasts of winter and summer maximum consumption

Based on the development plan of KEK – DSO there is a list of projects which include

the creation of new distribution node 110/10 (20) kV, which will optimize the distribution

network performance. Since the implementation time frame is not certain or even the entire

implementation of these projects for various reasons, KOSTT during the drafting of

development plan will be based solely on confirmed enforcement by KEK - Distribution

and applications for connections that were received up to the time when this document is

drafted.

Confirmations for new reinforcements or applications for connection which will come

after the approval of this document will be included in future revision of development plan.

While related to the impact of planned projects of KEK - DSO in the transmission network,

this list of projects will be considered and will be crucial in determining the transmission

network reinforcements.

Table 3-2 presents a list of new substations which have been completed or are in

construction process or for those substations that investments are secured (SS Vaganica, SS

Gjilan / 5).


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Table 3-2 List of new substations

New substations The installed power and voltage level Operational

SS Rahoveci 2x31.5 MVA, 110/10(20) kV, 110/35 kV Finished 2009

SS Skenderaj 31.5 MVA, 110/10(20) kV 2010

SS Vaganica 2x63 MVA, 110/10(20) kV 2010

SS Gjilani 5 2x31.5 MVA, 110/10(20) kV 2010

For SS Gjilan 5, KEK - Distribution has applied in KOSTT and KOSTT has

designed the way of the transmission network connection and as such has been approved by

all parties (KOSTT and KEK).

MTI also has brought an application for connection of the business park Drenas to the

transmission network. KOSTT based on the Transmission Connection Charging

Methodology, has analyzed the application by determining the optimal design of the

connection to the industrial consumption. This project has a relatively high cost and still no

official confirmation on funding of this project by MTI. As such within this development

plan will be considered based on connection offer which KOSTT has offered to MTI, but

will be considered as project still not confirmed.

Other activities which are confirmed by KEK - DSO are reinforcements for

increasing the transformation capacity in distribution transformers 110 / x kV which affect

the change of power flows on transmission network and as such are taken into account

during computer analysis of the network performance. In the table 3-3 is presented the

following reinforcement.

Table 3-3 Reinforcements in the transformer 110/x kV


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 3.5 New loads that are planned but not confirmed

In the development plan of KEK - DSO are planned new distribution nodes, which

will be connected to the transmission network. Development of distribution network is

based on the growing demand of electricity consumption in certain municipalities in the

Republic of Kosovo. These projects are presented in the first development plan 2007-2013,

but according to the suggestions of ERO these projects should not appear on the list of

projects of the current Development Plan, unless there is certain confirmation by KEK –

DSO, but their list is presented in Appendix C. These projects will be included in future

plans if there are applications submitted for connections, which will be analyze by KOSTT

relying on the Transmission Connection Charging Methodology, which is applicable by

KOSTT and which is approved by ERO.

Tab-3-4. Substations 110/10(20) kV planned by KEK- DSO

In TDP new distribution nodes will be considered in terms of their impact study on

the transmission network, but in different periods of their implementation, which are

different from 2007 to 2013 Development Plan. At the same time it will be presented the

way of connections to the transmission network, always with reference to criteria and

technical standards which are applied by KOSTT.

New Substation Installed Capacity and Voltage Level

Substation F. Kosovë 110/10(20) kV, 2x31.5 MVA Substation Prishtina-6 110/10(20) kV, 2x40 MVA Substation Prishtina-7 110/10(20) kV, 2x40 MVA Substation Drenasi-3 110/10(20) kV, 2x40 MVA Substation Shtime 110/35/10(20)kV , 2x31.5 MVA Substation Dragash 110/35/10(20) kV, 2x20 MVA Substation Malisheva (110/10(20) KV, 2x31.5 MVA Substation Bondsteel (110/10(20) KV, 40 MVA Substation Kaçaniku (110/10(20) KV, 2x31.5 MVA


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 4. GENERATION CAPACITIES OF KOSOVO POWER SYSTEM

4.1 Introduction

Manufacturing capacities in our country are dominated by very high energy output from

power plants (97% on coal), the rest of the production of electricity from hydropower is

accomplished by Ujmani Hydro plant and some small plants involved in the distribution

network level.

Electricity in Kosovo is produced by two relatively large power plants: PP Kosovo A and

Kosovo B. These two power plants use coal - lignite as fuel. Lignite obtained from two

surface mines, Bardh and Mirash that covering an area of about 9 km2. New mining

developments are planned in Sibovc surface in a near future. Energy values of the Kosovo

lignite are about 7800 kJ/kg with higher values in Sibovc (8100 kJ/kg). Therefore, it can be

concluded that Kosovo's lignite power has reasonable value, an average sulfur content and

high ash content compared to other coal deposits in the world.

4.1.1 Power plant Kosova A

The first generators installed in Kosovo, which as an energy source use coal, are the electric

generators in power plant Kosovo A, which consists of five units. Unit A1 is connected to

110 kV voltage, while four other units A2, A3, A4 and A5 are connected in the 220 kV

voltage. In the table 4-1 is presented the data for this power plant. Official data for PP

Kosovo A for the period 2001-2008 show a general factor (coefficient) of the use that has an

unsatisfactory value, which revolves around 23-28%

Tab. 4-1 technical data of the generating unit in the Power plant Kosovo A


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Currently units A1 and A2 are out of function, while ready for operation are three units A3,

A4 and A5. Their unsatisfactory point is the reduced power output and major emission

pollutants elements, due to very old system of lighting and filter system. The values of gases

emitted by these generation units are very high.

4.1.2 Power plant Kosovo B

Power plant Kosovo B is consisted of to units B1 and B2. Technical data for these to

unit are given in the table 4-2.

Tab. 4-2. Technical data for the generation unit of the power plant Kosovo B

Official data for PP Kosovo B for the period 2001 – 2008 indicate the general

coefficient of the use which is around 30-35 %.

Power Plant Kosovo B is a power plant that has much better features than PP

Kosovo A.

4.1.3 Hydro plants in Kosovo

Hydro plant Ujmani represents the only hydro plant included in the transmission network.

The Hydro Plant does not work at all times and working hours of this hydro plant

dependent on the country's hydrological conditions. Usually works in periods of increased

consumption. Annual electricity production in HP Ujmani is approximately 80-90 GWh,

corresponding to annual reliability pool filling of 70%. Additionally, except HP Ujmani

which is connected to the transmission network, there is a small number of hydropower


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning plants connected in the distribution network level. In tab.4-3 are shown the existing hydro

plants.

Tab. 4-3 Technical data of the small hydro – generation units

Some of the smaller units as Dikanci, Burimi and Radavci are given on concession to private

investors who plan the rehabilitation and increasing of the generating capacity.

4.2 Planning of the new generating units

Estimates of new generating units for the period 2010-2019 is designed based on the

expected generation from existing generating units, including the continued operation of

some units of PP Kosovo A until 2017, existing hydro plants and new ones planned to be

built, as well as production from PP "New Kosovo" and HP Zhuri.

In order to achieve the objectives in the energy sector under the Energy Strategy in the next

10 years numerous activities are expected to improve or increase generating capacity in the

country in the following manner:


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Generation from PP Kosovo A units A3, A4 and A5 to be operational. To achieve the operation

of these units until the end 2017 when it will be de-commissioned in accordance with European

Directive on the incineration of fossil plants, it takes investment capital for maintenance and repairs

due to aging of the plant and also the obsolete technology.

Generation of PP Kosovo B, B1 and B2 units in operation. It is expected that these two units will

be rehabilitated during the period 2013 - 2014, including the investments needed to meet gas

emission standards required by European Directive on the incineration of fossil plants. Then, these

units will continue operating until 2027 to 2030

Generation from HP Ujmani after maintenance and rehabilitation can continue operating for a long

period of time.

Generation from the small hydro plants: Lumbardhi, Dikanci, Burimi and Radavci.

Generation from HP Zhuri expected to be built by 2015 and start operating in 2016.

Generation of new generating units from PP "New Kosovo". The first generating unit expected to

enter into operation in 2016.

During the period 2010-2019, there will be built about 16 small hydropower plants with total

capacity of 60 MW installed.

During the period 2010-2019, there will be build the wind turbine parks with a capacity of 100

MW.

If this scenario of the generation developments is implemented then our country in order to

cover the consumption needs should until 2015 import electricity, which can reach a

maximum value to 220 MWh h.

In order to cover increasing demand for electricity in our country for a long period, the

investments in the following projects are necessary:

• Construction of the generating units at PP New Kosovo. There are different recommendations about

the number of units and their capacity, starting with units of 330 MW or 500 MW with the

possibility of expansion up to 1000 MW.

• Rehabilitation of two units of Kosovo B Power Plant in the year 2013/2014,


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• Building the HP Zhuri the accumulation type with the installed power of 300 MW, with annual

production of 385 GWh

• Stimulating private investors to build small hydropower plants and wind energy parks

4.3 Renewable energy

According to European Directive 20-20-20 Renewable Energy Directive, until 2020, 20% of

total electricity produced should be produced from renewable sources such as wind power

plants, hydropower plants, etc. Kosovo has as well set a strategic objective of achieving these

goals.

4.3.1 Small hydro plants

Based on the strategy of the Ministry of Energy and Mines for renewable energy, it is

foreseen that during the period 2010-2018, about 16 small hydropower plants will be built,

with total installed capacity of 60 MW. As well as existing small hydropower plants will be

rehabilitated and will come into operation. In the table 4-4 is presented a list of hydropower

plants that are expected to be built.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Tab.4-4 List of new hydropower plants to be

built

4.3.2 Wind energy

Energy produced by wind turbines today ranks in renewable energy sources with the most

dynamic growth. Since 2005 the globally installed capacity of wind turbines are doubled. By

59 GW installed capacity in 2005, in 2008 their capacity increased to 121 GW, with annual

growth trend of 29%. All wind turbines installed worldwide by the end of 2008 have

generated 260 TWh of energy annually, which represents 1.5% of all electricity consumption

worldwide, or 52 times the consumption of Kosovo. Regulating of the electricity market in

Europe but also in America and other developed countries of the world, through incentives

tariff to producers of wind energy, has created very favorable conditions to further increase

the capacity through wind generation. In all European countries including Kosovo there is a

very tough race of investors who apply to be eligible for the connection to the network of

various sizes capacities of wind turbines. Almost in all East European countries which

currently represent a market a market for wind energy development is expected that in future

years they will have considerable installed capacities of wind turbines.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning In Kosovo since the beginning of 2009, for connecting to the network, have applied some

foreign investors who have planned total capacity of 157 MW. So far in KOSTT are

presented three applications for connection of wind turbines in the electricity network:

• Shtime 1 project with a capacity of 100 MW, the southeastern part of Kosovo

• Shtime 2 project with a capacity of 27 MW, the southeastern part of Kosovo

• Kitka project with a capacity of 30 MW-eastern part of Kosovo.

Currently in Kosovo there are no assessment maps of wind potential, whilst

investors on their own initiative have undertaken the measurement of the wind speed in

certain areas. In technical aspect, these applications mainly have connection possibility in

110kV voltage level. Transmission network in aspect of power flow, can integrate wind

generation capacities that are accepted as applications for connection, however in aspect of

balance the system these capacities with a vary variable nature and difficult of predicting can

cause problems for System Operator from the fact that our Power System presently has no

sufficient regulation reserves. This fact can change in the future, if development plans of

new generation capacities are realized with conventional generators, which as a result shall

have increase of regulation reserves that shall cover he unpredicted variability of generation

from wind turbines.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 5. KOSOVO TRANSMISSION NETWORK

5.1 History of the transmission network

Kosovo Transmission Network during the years has been developed in several stages

of expansion, reinforcement and consolidation.

Between 1953 and 1958, the first line of 110 kV was built in Kosovo, Novi Pazar (Serbia)

until Butel (Macedonia), by interconnecting the substations (SS): SS Vallaç, Trepca SS, SS

Vucitrn, SS Kosovo A, SS Prishtina 1 and SS Prishtina 4, SS Ferizaj 1 and SS Sharri. 110 kV

conductor built in the initial development of the network were 110 kV cross section

conductors of 150mm2.

In 1960 the first line of 220 kV was built in Kosovo, SS Krushevci (Serbia) to SS Kosovo A,

which was at that time in the construction phase. From 1962 to 1975 it was constructed (PP)

Kosovo A with its five units. In 1978 was built the first line of 400 kV in Kosovo connecting

to the SS Nish (Serbia) with SS Skopje (Macedonia) through SS Kosovo B.

In 1981 was built the HP Ujmani connected through 110 kV line with SS Vallaçi.

In 1983 was built the second line of 400 kV of the interconnection Ribarevina (Montenegro)

to SS Kosovo B, two 400 kV lines connecting TP Kosovo B (1983) with SS Kosovo B. In

the same year it was built the 220 kV lines from SS Kosova B to SS Prizren 2, through the

switch gear Drenas. In the same year was also built the second 220 kV line to Drenas

followed by the double line for the supply of industrial facilities of Feronikeli.

In 1988 was built the interconnection 220 kV line from SS Prizren 2 to Hydro power plant

(HPP) Fierza (Albania), also in the same year it was built the 220 kV double lines from the

SS Kosovo B to SS Prishtina 4. Also in the mid 70s and 80s the network of 110 kV

undertook visible development, using conductors of the large section of 240mm2.

The year 1991 represents the end of investments in transmission network for a period of 10

years until 2001, which represents a break of 10 years without investing in the development

of the transmission network. This can be seen in figure 5-1 and figure 5-2.


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Figure 5-1. Time frame and number of the installment of SS per year

Figure 5-2 Time frame and km lines constructed per year

Such a long pause of the non-development of the transmission network, improper

maintenance, and aging of equipment are the main factors that have brought Kosovo

transmission network in very difficult situation. Due to lack of funds even after the war there

were no necessary investments, which would improve the network performance. In the

following in the table 5-1 is given the list of projects given for the increase of the


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning transmission network transmission capacity completed from 2000 to 2008 while the list of

completed projects during 2009 is showing in 5.3.2 and 5.4 paragraphs.

Table 5-1 Implemented projects 2000-2008

Name Features Year

AT3 in SS Kosovo B 400/220 kV Third auto – transformer of 400 MVA 2003 AT3 in SS Kosovo A, 220/110 kV AT3 replacement, 150 MVA 2003 SS Podujeva 220/35/10 kV 2x40 MVA 2003

Conductor replacement in 110 kV line, nr 164/1 SS Gjakova 1- SS Gjakova 2

Conductor replacement from 150mm2 to 240mm2, 4.9km

2003

Double line 110 kV from SS Kosovo A - SS Prishtina 5

AlÇe 240mm2, 5.5km 2005

Conductor replacement in 110 kV line, nr 125, SS Kosovo A - SS Vushtrria1& 2

“HW” 150mm2, 24km 2007

Conductor replacement in 110 kV line, nr 164/3, SS Prizreni 1- SS Prizreni 2

“HW” 150mm2, 3.2km 2007

Line 110 kV SS Prizren 2- SS Rahoveci AlÇe 240mm2, 17.25km 2008

5.2 The current capacities of the transmission network

Kosovo's transmission network operates on three levels of voltage 400 kV, 220 kV

and 110 kV. The transmission system of Kosovo is linked through cross-border lines with

four neighboring countries: Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania. In regional terms

Kosovo Transmission System plays a significant role in the electricity trading transactions

which take place in the region. Strong horizontal network especially the 400 kV, strong

interconnection with neighboring countries sets an important role in terms of our electricity

system. Currently through the horizontal network is transited the huge amount annually of

electricity that is about 62% of annual consumption of Kosovo. In the following will be

presented the capacities of the lines and transformers in the end of 2009, taking into account

projects that are completed.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 5.2.1 Capacity of the transmission lines

In Tab. 5-2 can seen the length and transmission capacity of existing lines of the

transmission network in Kosovo, with the inclusion of the two 110 kV lines, which are

completed in 2009.

Tab.5-2 The length of transmission lines and their transmission capacity

Air lines 2008

Total length in Kosovo [km]

Transmission capacity Ct=Sn*L [MVA km]

400kV 181.4 238846 220kV 231.821 77506 110kV 685.42 69443

5.2.2 Transforming capacities

Current transforming capacities of the transmission network managed by KOSTT

are at the substations levels of the voltages of 400/220 kV, 220/110 kV and substation

400/110 kV.

Greater transforming capacity is installed in SS Kosovo B 400/220 kV. In this substation are

installed three auto-transformers with 400 MVA nominal powers. Total transformation

capacity of this substation is 3*400=1200 MVA.

SS Kosovo A previously had installed three auto-transformers AT1 - 100 MVA, AT2

and AT3-150 MVA until the damage of the auto-transformer AT1 -100 MVA at the

end of 2008. By the end of 2009 a new 150 MVA auto-transformer was installed.

Total transformation capacity in SS Kosovo A after installation of new

autotransformer is 450 MVA..

SS Prishtina 4 currently has two auto-transformers AT1 - 150 MVA and AT2 - 150

MVA, with a total capacity of 300 MVA transformation. It is expected that very soon there

1 There are two lines regardless of damaged SS Kosova A- Shkup with lengthi 2*65=130km 2 Line 17.24km 110 kV SS Rahovec – SS Prizren 2 and line 23.1,110 kV SS Peja 3 – SS Klina It’s included


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning will be transformation capacity added (in august 2010) and in second half of 2010 is planned

to be in operation the third 150 MVA autotransformer, by increasing transformation

capacity from 300 MVA to 450 MVA.

SS Prizren 2 currently has two autotransformers AT1 - 150 MVA and AT2 -150 MVA,

with a total capacity of 300 MVA transformation.

SS Peja 3 400/110 kV was commissioned at the end of 2009 and has one 300 MVA

auto-transformer.

Tabele.5-3 Current transformation capacities in the transmission network

AUTOTRANSFORM. Number of Autotransforme

r.

Total capacity (MVA)

400/220kV -SS Kosova B 3 1200MVA

400/110kV -SS Peja 3 1 300MVA

220/110kV - SS Kosova A -SS Prishtina 4 - SS Prizreni 2

3 2 2

1050MVA 450MVA 300MVA 300MVA

5.2.3 Interconnection lines capacities

Maximum capacity of energy exchanges with neighbors (with the natural power

lines) with of high voltage transmission lines is 1740 MW. In 400 kV line existing cross-

border transmission capacities is about 1500 MW (3x500 MW), whilst in the 220 kV it

reaches up to 240 MW (120 MW line with Albania and 120 MW line with Krushevc -

Serbia).

Future plans for improving, respectively capacity building of the transmission lines include

the construction of a cross-border 400 kV line that will link Kosovo with Albania, with a

capacity of 500 MW and an additional 400 kV line with Macedonia with a capacity of 500


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning MW. NTC3 (Net Transfer Capacity) of the Kosovo interconnection lines is smaller than

their natural power and the same depends on the regional balance of power in neighboring

countries as well as restrictions on the transmission lines that can appear in border lines of

the 400 kV level. In the figure 5-3 can be seen the current capacity of the interconnection

lines as per natural power lines (P), average NTC and nominal power (Sterm).

P =120MWNTC= 100MWSt=300MVA

P =500MWNTC= 350MWSt=1300MVA

P =500MWNTC= 450MW

St =1300MVA

P =500MW

NTC= 450MW

St=1300MVA

PRIZRENI 2

Leposavic

Lipjan

A

B

Maqedonia

Shqipëria

Mali I zi

Serbia

TOTAL

P = 1740MW

NTC = 1450MW

Sterm=4500MVA

P =120MW

NTC= 100MW

St=300MVA

PEJA 3

Figure.5-3. Current interconnection capacities – NTC and capacities as per natural power lines

3 NTC - represents the maximum total electric power exchange between the two control areas, compatible with security standards applicable in all regulatory areas and taking into account the technical uncertainties of the situation of network. (Definition from policy of ENTSO-E).


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 5.3 Current situation of the transmission network

Considering that the TDP’s time domain includes 2010-2019, than the current state of

network status means the transmission network situation for the so-called year zero, or

reference year which is 2009. If we refer to projects that are in the process of

implementation and certainly projects that are expected to be completed in 2009, then the

current state of the transmission network in this document is analyzed for two time frames:

• End of October 2009 with the current topology of the network and corresponding consumption

forecast for the October peak of 880 MW and before the network reinforcements

• End of December with strengthened topology of the network transmission and the maximum

consumption for 2009 forecast of 1072 MW.

The purpose of the analysis for these two periods is to identify factors that could improve

the performance of the network, after implementation of projects in 2009.

5.3.1 The transmission network situation before entering into the operation of SS

Peja 3

The capacity of the network before entering into the operation of SS Peja 3 was

around 930 MW with all the elements in the operation (Criteria-N). Capacity of 930 MW

could be higher or lower depending on network configuration and environment

temperatures. Major impact on network capacity variations plays the border lines of 110 kV

and 220 kV lines HP Fierza – SS Prizren 2, and injection of the generation of HP Ujmani.

Before entering into the operation of SS Peja 3 over 85% of domestic consumption was

transformed through 220/110 kV autotransformers of installed at three substations of

220/110 kV voltage level. In that time period the network faces severe constraints in

transformation in three 220/110 kV substations: SS Kosovo A, SS Prishtina 4 and SS

Prizren 2 in the absence of adequate transformation capacity. In the most critical condition

were substations Kosovo A and Prishtina 4, which transformed almost two thirds of total

domestic consumption. Also, 110 kV line SS Prishtina 4 – SS Ferizaj 1 overloaded, especially

in times of high consumption.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning In terms of meeting the N-1 security criteria, network with the configuration of

October 2009, of all elements at work met the N-1 criteria of operation for less than 650

MW consumption. In the real consumption the 930 MW, the network didn’t meet the N-1

criteria in transformation in substations Kosovo A, Prishtina 4 and Prizren 2. The failure of

one of the auto-transformers in one of the substations 220/110 kV caused a successive

failure of the neighboring transformer and the loss of load which was supplied by the

substation in question. The effects was more negative if 110 kV network had previously

operated in the ring system, causing the overload in the 110 kV lines which tend to cover the

loss of the transformer. Also a number of 110 kV lines do not meet the criteria N-1, wherein

their eventual collapse will cause overload, which is not allowed in the other elements. In

terms of impacts on regional networks, 400 kV network almost meets the security criteria N-

1, while critical failing are considered lines L293 /2 SS Drenas - SS Prizren 2. Effects of the

fall of this line are noted in the overloading of the 220 kV interconnection line V.Dejes-

Podgorica on the cases of higher imports of Albania

5.3.2 Situation of the transmission network – end of 2009 year

Following the establishment of the Kosovo Transmission System and Market

Operator (KOSTT) many activities have been developed in the long-term planning of

transmission network. During this process the Transmission Network Development Plan

2007-2013 has been drafted, which was approved on July 14, 2009 by Energy Regulatory

Office. Based on activities that are underway in KOSTT related to development projects

planned by the Development Plan, the following table presents the list of projects that are

under implementation and those that are completed during 2009.

Table 5-4. Completed projects during 2009.

Name

Features Year

PROJECT PEJA 3 - AT1 400/110 kV - Connections in the interconnection line

L437 - New line of 110 kV SS Peja 3 – SS Klina - Replacement of the conductor L126/4 - Connection of SS Skenderaj in L163 - Replacement of the conductor of the line

Autotransformer 300 MVA Double line 2x490mm2, ASCR, 0.6km Line 110 kV, ASCR 240mm2, 18km “Hot Wire” 150mm2, 23km Double line 110 kV, 240mm2, 5km “Hot Wire” 150mm2, 17.9km

2009

(Exce


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of SS Skenderaj-SS Peja 3 pt SS

Skend

eraj)

Line adjustment L212 as line 110kV SS Kosova A-SS Ferizaj 1

Repair of the line with previous parameters from SS Kosova A up to the SS Ferizaj 1 31km

2009

AT1 installment -150 MVA in SS Kosova A Autotransformer 150 MVA, 220/110 kV replaces the burned autotransformer AT1-100 MVA

2009

Replacement of the conductor in the line 110kV, nr 126/1, SS Deçan – SS Gjakova 1

Replacement of the conductor from 150mm2 to 240mm2, 20.2km

2009

The four projects listed in the table above are extremely important to increase the reliability

and safety of operation of the transmission system. They directly increased the capacity of

the transmission system.

Project package Peja 3 completed at the end of 2009 (Except SS Skenderaj which will be

commissioned in third quartal 2010) presents the largest reinforcement of the transmission

network from the 80’s. Such project with great benefit increased transmission capacities,

enabled reduction of losses in the network, unloaded many 110 kV lines ofand

autotransformers in SS Kosovo A and SS Prizren 2 and enhanced the quality of supply for

customers especially in the Dukagjini region.

Also, the second project on the adjustment of lines 220 kV (L212) as 110 kV line and its

connection to SS Ferizaj 1, also completed project, represents very important plan for

network transmission. This plan presents contingency plan for emergency needs that the

transmission network has in the south-east Kosovo. The effects of this project enabled the

elimination of bottle necks in the 110 kV supply line connecting SS Prishtina 4 – SS Ferizaj

1, increasing the quality of supply for the distribution points: SS Ferizaj 1, SS Viti, SS

Therandë and SS Sharr. Also the project for replacing the conductor 150mm2 of the line that

connecting SS Gjakova 1 - SS Deçan with 240mm2 conductors which was completed in

September 2009 affected the growth of network transmission capacity and improved

transmission system security.

After completed mentioned projects network transmission capacity in terms of supply of

domestic consumption has increased from 930 MW to 1250 MW.


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The effects of reinforcements in transmission network which were completed in

2009 that are evident: raising of reliability, operating security of transmission system, raising

the quality of supply, reduction of losses, improving significantly the conditions for technical

and economic optimization of system work.

Main criteria N-1, regardless of the radial (Lipjan and Rahovec) after reinforcement

in network, it’s improved to 25% and may be supplemented by the gross consumption of

810 MW. In figure 5-4 is presented the values of transmission capacity of transmission

network (criteria N and N-1) versus load development for the years 2008-2009.

Fig. 5-4 Th e development of transmision network capacity versus projected consumption from 2008 to the

end of 2009

5.4 Projects impact (2009) in the increase of performance of the transmission network

After a very long period of insufficient reinforcement of transmission network, the

2009 year represents the crucial turning point for the transmission network. Implementation

of the package Project Peja 3, and start of the operation of SS Peja 3 400/110kV in late

2009, presents an reinforcement that has high impact for the transmission network in

967

1072

500 600 700 800 900

1000

1100

1200

1300

2008Q1 2008Q2 2008Q3 2008Q4 2009Q1 2009Q2 2009Q3 2009Q4 2010Q1

MW

Capacity/N (MW) Consumtion (MW) Capacity /N-1 (MW)


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Kosovo. This project improved the quality of transmission and distribution of electricity, in

a quite wide area of the transmission network.

The transmission system is enabled the growth of the transformation capacity of 250

MW, affecting the download of Kosovo B autotransformers in SS Kosovo B, SS Kosovo A

and SS Prizren 2, and in optimizing power flows in a great number of 110 kV lines.

Considerable positive impact of this project will be the significant reduce of losses of active

and reactive power in the network and improve voltage profile in a large distribution of

nodes, with particular emphasis in the Dukagjin region.

Having in mind that the rest of the transmission network, namely the south-eastern part of

the network is not in a good shape related to the operational performance and safety,

KOSTT based on Transmission Network Development Plan 2007-2013 has initiated the

conversion project of the 220 kV damaged line (not functional) L212 in the line 110 kV and

its connection to the very important node in SS Ferizaj (Bibaj). This project is expected to be

conclude by the end of 2009, will enable optimization of network operation in the

southeastern part. With direct injection from powerful node SS Kosovo A, through this line

will be achieved a great improvement in the voltage profile, reduction of losses and

download of the problematic line 110 kV in the SS Prishtina 4 - SS Ferizaj 1 (Bibaj). Also the

effects of this project will be even wider, improving quality of supply for a substantial part of

the consumers (Ferizaj, Sharri, Vitia, Gjilan and Theranda). If we refer to software analysis,

taking as an example the most sensitive distribution node of that part of the network, the

Sharr node SS 110/6.3 kV which supplies Sharr-Cem industrial customer, the effects of this

project on increasing the level of voltage resulting in an increase of 7 kV from the previous

situation.

The above mentioned project was carried out almost simultaneously with the project of

installation of autotransformer 150MVA because the mutual dependence of the two projects

mentioned. After installing this autotransformer in SS Kosovo A, after a long break the

voltage automatic regulators are activated, that enable system operators to optimize reactive

power flows and voltage control in a significant 110 kV network. At the same time N-1

criteria is met at the substation since a considerable part of power flows will pass through

the 300 MVA autotransformer in SS Peja 3


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Meanwhile in September 2009 the project to strengthen 110 kV line in SS Decani -

SS Gjakova 1 has been completed, wherein the line has an increased of the transmission

capacity from 83 MVA to 114 MVA, after replacement of the conductors. This line

represents the important branches of Gjakova 2 - Gjakova 1 - Decan - Peja2 - Peja1 - Peja 3

substations ring and such reinforcement has had impact in the reduction of elements that do

not meet the N-1 criteria, but has also influenced the reduction of active and reactive losses

in the transmission network.

Summing up one can conclude the following:

The impact of the project of strengthening the transmission network in 2009, categorized

according to technical requirements of Grid Code is:

Increasing the transmission capacity for 34% of the current capacity

Increasing the N-1 security criteria (reduction of the critical elements that do not meet N-1 security

criteria from 14 to 7)

significant improvement in the voltage profile of 110 kV nodes

significant reduction of power losses

Increasing the possibilities for optimizing the flows of active and reactive power in the transmission

network

Based on the above conclusions the transmission network needs further reinforcement in

order to be able to monitor the growth of consumption, generation, always meeting the

technical criteria in accordance with the Grid Code.

5.5 Development of the transmission network 2010-2019

5.5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents and examines the development projects of the transmission

network in the period 2010-2019. Considering the planning process of the transmission

network as an extremely complex process, with greater dependence on many factors, the

ten-year domain that defines this document is divided into two periods: first five years 2010-

2014 and second five years 2015 - 2019


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning The first period of five years is considered relevant and influential in the long term

development of the network and with high probability of implementation and as such the

projects that are included in this period of time are analyzed in detail. Second period of

2015-2019 includes optional projects in a comprehensive manner that have internal or

regional character for which KOSTT considers their importance and their contribution in

achieving the technical standards for operation of the transmission system in order to

support the electricity market.

Development projects of the transmission network are divided into five categories:

Transmission network reinforcements

New connections of the distribution load

Re-vitalizing of the transmission network

New generators connections.

Supporting projects of the transmission system (management, monitoring, measurement and control).

All projects are presented in the following tables separated in the above mentioned

categories.

List of projects includes projects that are in various stages of planning or implementation:

Projects that are in construction phase

The approved projects and which are in the process of specification or procurement

Projects which are applications by the third parties for connection to the transmission network.

Projects that during the planning process are considered essential to the transmission network and are in

pre-feasibility stage.

KEK - Distribution Projects that are included in the first development plan and with no certainty of

implementation

Projects that have character of the state strategy4 with impact into the transmission network are in the

public process of planning.

4 Based on 2009 – 2018 Electricity sektor Strategy


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Because of considerable complex dependence on the various factors for the

implementation of the projects, the time and manner of such implementation can be

considered as subject to possible changes and as such the next document will revise the data

and update them. Tables contain the project identification codes (ID), a general description

of the project, the expected completion time and reasons and effects of project

implementation.

5.5.2 List of the planned projects in the transmission network

Below is presented a list of projects planned by categories, which are the result of

optimal selection of different scenarios to strengthen the network through the planning

process. These projects include the period of the first five-years which is considered the

highest reliability in terms of impact factors: socio-economic, environmental, technological,

etc. Lists of projects are presented in tables categorized according to specifications

mentioned earlier.

5.5.2.1 Ongoing projects for the reinforcement of the network

Table 5-5 presents the list of projects that are categorized as the transmission network

reinforcement that are in the process of implementation or that are already finalized.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Tab. 5-5 Completed projects during 2009 and those ongoing

Reinforcement projects that are ongoing 2009/2010 Id

Project description

Equipments

Reason for development

Operational

T-/P

J3

Package Project PEJA 3: (a) AT1 400/110 kV (b) Connection to the

interconnection line L437 (c) New line 110 kV Peja 3- Klina (d) Replacement of the conductor

L126/4 (e) Connection of the SS Skenderaj

ne L163 (f) Replacement of the conductor

of the line Skenderaj-Peja 3 (g) SS Skenderaj 110/10 kV

(a) Autotransformer 300 MVA (b) Double line

2x490mm2,ASCR, 0.6km (c) Line 110 kV,ASCR 240mm2,

18.5km (d) “H. Wire” 150mm2, 23km (e) Double line 110kV, 240mm2,

5km (f) “H. Wire” 150mm2, 17.9km (g) SS Skenderaj 31.5MVA,

Reinforcement of the transmission network in order to eliminate the bottlenecks, reduce the active and reactive losses, improvement of the voltage profiles and increase of the security and reliability for supply

Completed except SS Skenderaj (expected in Q3 2010)

T-A

TR/K

SA

AT1-150 MVA ne SS Kosova A (a) Autotransformer 150 MVA,

220/110 kV replaces the burned Autotransformer AT1-100 MVA

(a) Autotransformer with power

of 150 MVA, 220/110 kV. Autotransformer fields of 220 kV and 110 kV will be replaced during the rehabilitation project of SS Kosova A which is not ongoing

Increase of capacities of the transformer, elimination of the bottleneck in 220/110kV, optimizing the work of three autotransformers and fulfillment of the N-1 security criteria

Completed

T-RI

V/L

212

Adjustment of the line L212 as 110 kV line in SS Kosova A-SS Ferizaj 1 (a) Repair of the lines with the

previous parameters from SS Kosova A up to SS Ferizaj-1 31km

(b) Construction of the field line 110 kV in SS Ferizaj 1

(c) Connection to the bus bars 110 kV in SS Kosova A

(a) Replacement of the conductor phase, protective conductor (establishment of the OPGW), replacement of the isolators in length of 31km and construction of 8 new pillars

(b) Putting the high voltage equipment 110kV for the line field, portal adjustment.

(c) Change from bus bars of 220 kV into bus bars 110 kV through continuation of the underground cable of 110 kV in length of 300m.

Urgent reinforcement of the transmission network in the south-east Kosovo in olden to eliminate the bottlenecks in the 110 kV network and increase of the supply quality for that area of consumption.

Completed

T-RI

V/L

126/

1

Reinforcement of the line 110 kV, L 126/1, (a) Reinforcement of the lines 110

kV SS Gjakova 1 – SS Deçan

(a) Replacement of the conductor from 150mm2 in 240mm2 with length 20.2km. Reinforcement of the existing pillars and construction of the four new pillars.

Increase of the transmitting capacities for the line 83 MVA in 114 MVA, which presents an important part of the ring of 110 kV: Gjakova2-Gjakova1-Deçan-Peja1&2- Peja3.

Completed


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T-A

TR/P

R4

AT3 150 MVA in SS Prishtina 4 (a) Installment of the third

autotransformer 150 MVA, 220/110 kV and construction of the transformer basement

(b) Construction of the transformative fields

(a) An autotransformer of 150

MVA, 220/110 kV. (b) Installment of the high

voltage equipments for the transformative fields 220 kV and 110 kV

Increase of the transmitting capacities, elimination of the bottlenecks in the transformer 220/110 kV, and fulfillment of the N-1 security criteria

2010: Q1

5.5.2.2 Ongoing network re-vitalizing projects

Table 5-6. Contains the list of projects that are categorized under the re-vitalizing of the

KOSTT substations (400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV systems) that are ongoing.

Tab.5-6. Ongoing network re-vitalizing projects

ONGOING NETWORK RE-VITALIZING PROJECTS 2009/10 Id

Project description

Equipments


Operational

T-R

IV/

KSA

Re-vitalizing of the substations SS Kosova –A (a) System 220 kV (b) System 110 kV (c) Commanding facilities

Full re-vitalizing of the substations SS Kosova –A , 220/110 kV (a) Re-vitalizing of all fields of line 220

kV and transformers, protection, control and measuring systems

(b) Re-vitalizing of all fields of 110 kV lines and transformers, and protection, controlling and measuring systems

Increase of security and reliability of the operation of substations Kosova- A which presents an important node of the EES of Kosovo.

Q1:2010

T-R

IV/

KSB

Re-vitalizing of the substations SS Kosovo B (a) System -220 kV

(a) Re-vitalizing of all fields of 220 kV lines and transformers

Increase of security and reliability of the operation of substations Kosova- B which presents an important node of the EES of Kosovo.

Completed

T-R

IV/

PR

1 Re-vitalizing of the substations SS Prishtina 1 (a) System 110 kV

Re-vitalizing of all fields of 110 kV lines and transformers, and protection, controlling and measuring systems

Increase of security and reliability of the operation of substations Prishtina-1

Completed


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 5.5.2.3 Ongoing projects related to support of the load

Table 5-7 contains the list of ongoing projects that fall into category for support to the

consumption and distribution.

Table 5-7. Project –Support of the load ongoing.

PROJEKTET E PERKRAHJES SE NGARKESËS NE FAZEN E REALIZIMIT 2009/2010 Id

Project description

Equipments


Operational

DT

/RA

H. SS Rahoveci

110/10(20)/35kV (a) 2x31.5 MVA (b) Connected through lines

110 kV in SS Prizreni 2

(a) Substation contains two transformers: 31.5 MVA,110/10(20) kV and 31.5 MVA,110/35) kV

(b) Line 110 kV 17.5km, 240mm2

Support for the consumption in the area of Rahovec and dowload of SS Gjakova 1

Completed

5.5.2.4 Ongoing projects planned for improvement of the management

system, monitoring, controlling and measuring the transmission

system

In the following table are presented projects that fall under the support of the transmission

system, telecommunications, SCADA/EMS and measurements that are at the stage of

completion or are already completed.

Table 5-8. List of projects supporting the transmission system

Ongoing projects planned for improvement of the management system, monitoring, controlling and measuring the transmission system 2009/2010 Id

Project description

Equipments


Operational

T/

SO-N

JEH

SOR

ET

ITSMO Meters (in the border) (a) Installment of the new

meters in the border line of the network of KOSTT

(b) Installment of application for gathering the size of the meters

(a) Combined measuring voltage transformers and electricity

(b) Meters

Technical criteria fulfillment from the Code of Measures and required criteria from ENTSO/E

Completed


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T/

SCA

DA

/E

MS

SCADA-EMS (a) Central system

SCADA/EMS in the National Dispatch Center

(b) Local SCADA in the substations

(c) Telecommunication routes

(a) Hardware and software equipment of the system SCADA/EMS in the National Dispatch Center

(b) Hardware and software equipment of the system SCADA in substations

(c) Preparations of the telecommunication routes through optical fibres in the transmission lines

Through project SCADA/EMS the transmission system KOSTT fulfilles the technical criteria required by ENTSO/E. This project will enable the optimal operation of the transmission system through modern equipments of the system SCADA/EMS

Q4-2010

5.5.2.5 Future projects planned for reinforcement of the network 2010-2014

Table 5-9 contains the list of the projects that are in the process of planning and

which were considered essential to the transmission network. A large portion of these

projects are included in Development Plan 2007 – 2013, approved by the ERO and some

are new projects resulting from the detailed analysis of network during the planning process.

Table 5-9. List of projects for reinforcement of the transmission network

Planned projects for transmission network

Id

Project description

Equipments


Operational

T_L

_LIP

JAN

Interconnection of the SS Lipjan in the line 110 kV L112 (a) New double line 110 kV SS

Lipjan up to connection point in line L112

(b) Connection with double line 110 kV in the existing line L 112 SS Kosova A – SS Ferizaj 1

(a) New double line 110 kV,240mm2 with 5km length from SS Lipjan up to the connection optimal point in the line L112 (Kosova A- Ferizaj1) .

(b) Two fields equipped with high voltage equipments 110 kV, with protective, controlling and measuring equipments.

With this project is enabled the ring supply of the SS Lipjan, with direct impact in meeting the N-1 criteria by enabling the optimization of the process of maintenance and increase of the security and reliability of the operational system.

Q2:2011

T-R

IV/

L12

6/5

Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L126/2 SS Peja 2- SS Deçan (a) Replacement of the phase

conductors and protective ones (b) Reinforcement of pillars and

replacement of isolators

(a) Replacing the conductor from 150/25mm2 in 240/40mm2 in 14.57 km length from SS Peja 2 up to SS Deçan

(b) Reinforcement of the concrete pillars and replacing the existing isolators with composite isolators.

Increase of the transmitting capacity of the line from 83 MVA in 114 MVA with the aim of reducing the power losses, improvement of the N-1 security criteria for the substations ring of 110 kV Peja3-Peja1-Peja2-Deçan –Gjakova1.

Q2:2011


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T-/

FE

R-2

Package project FERIZAJ 2: (a) AT1 400/110 kV (b) Connection to the

interconnection lines of L420 (c) Double line 110 kV SS Ferizaj 2

– SS Ferizaj 1 (d) Line 110 kV SS Ferizaj 2 – SS

Gjilan 5 (e) Field lines of 110 kV in SS

Ferizaj 1

(a) Autotransformers 300 MVA (b) Double lines

2x490mm2,ASCR, 4.3km (c) Double line 110kV,ASCR

240mm2, 5.1km (d) Line 110kV, 240mm2, 27km (e) Two fields equipped with

high voltage equipments 110 kV, with protective, controlling and measuring equipments

Transmission network reinforcement with the purpose of eliminating the bottlenecks, reducing the active and reactive losses, improvement of the voltage profile and increase of the security and reliability of the consumption supply in the sout0east transmission network

Q4:2011

T-A

LO

K/

L18

06

Line allocation L1806 from SS Gjakova 2 in SS Gjakova 1 (a) Dismantling of 4 km of the

existing line starting from SS Gjakova 2 and curving the line up to SS Gjakova 1 in 4km length

(b) Creating the field line 110 kV in SS Gjakova 1

(a) In 4km length from SS Gjakova 1 the pillars and conductors should be dismantled and the same ones should be used for the curve path of 4 km which is connected to SS Gjakova 1

(b) The project is coordinated with the rehabilitation project of SS Gjakova 1

Improvement of the N-1 security criteria by removing overload of the line SS Gjakova 1- SS Gjakova 2 in case of the collapse of line SS Peja3-SS Peja 1.

Q3:2012

T-A

TR

/P

EJA

3 AT2-300 MVA in SS PEJA3 (a) Installment of the second auto-

transformer 300 MVA, 400/110 kV and construction of the transformer basement


(a) One auto-transformer of 300


voltage equipments for transformative fields of 400 kV and 110 kV

Increase of the transforming capacities and fulfillment of the N-1 security criteria

Q3:2012

T-R

IV/

L12

6/5

Replacement of the conductor L126/5 (c) Replacement of the phase

conductors and protective ones (d) Reinforcement of pillars and

replacement of isolators

(a) Replacing the conductor from 150/25mm2 in 240/40mm2 in 4.6 km length from SS Peja 1 to SS Peja 2.

(b) Reinforcement of the portal pillars and replacing the existing isolators with composite isolators.

Increase of the transmitting capacity of the line from 83 MVA in 114 MVA with the aim of reducing the power losses, improvement of the N-1 security criteria for the substations ring of 110 kV Peja3-Peja2-Peja1-Deçan-Gjakovë1&2

Q4:2011

T-A

TR

/P

RZ

2

AT3-150 MVA in SS Prizren 2 (a) Installment of the third auto-

transformer 150 MVA, 220/110 kV and construction of the transformer basement


(a) One auto-transformer of 150


voltage equipments for transformative fields 220 kV and 110 kV

Increase of the transforming capacities, elimination of the bottlenecks in transformation 220/110 kV, and fulfillment of the N-1 security criteria

Q2:2012


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T-R

IV/

L12

5/2&

L12

5/3

Re-vitalizing of lines 110 kV: L125/2 & L125/3 (a) Replacement of the phase and

protective conductors (b) Reinforcement of the pillars

and replacement of the isolators

(a) Replacement of the conductor from 150/25mm2 in 240/40mm2 in 9.6km length from SS Trepça up to SS Vushtrria 1 and 6km long from SS Trepça in SS Vaganica

(b) Reinforcement of the steel and concrete pillars and replacing the existing isolators with composite isolators.

Increase of the transmitting capacity of the line from 83 MVA in 114 MVA with the purpose of reducing power losses, improvement of the N-1 security criteria for the ring substations 110 kV SS Kosova A- SS Vushtrri1&2 - SS Trepça – SS Vaganica

Q3:2012

T-

L 4

00kV

KS-

AL

Interconnection line 400 kV SS Kosova B - SS Kashar (a) Line 400 kV (b) Field line 400 kV in SS Kosova

B

(c) Line 400 kV, 2x490mm2, 239km long from which distance about 85.5km in the territory of Kosovo

(d) Equipments for the high voltage, protective, controlling and measuring equipments

Reinforcement of the horizontal network with regional impact. Operational optimization for the two interconnected systems. Elimination of the bottlenecks in the regional network

Q4:2012

T-R

IV/

L16

3/1

Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L163/1

(a) Replacement of the phase and protective conductors

(b) Reinforcement of the pillars and replacement of the isolators

(a) Replacement of the conductor from 150/25mm2 in 240/40mm2 in 32 km length from SS Kosova A up to SS Vaganica


Increase of the transmitting capacity of the line from 83 MVA in 114 MVA with the purpose of reducing power losses, improvement of the N-1 security criteria for the ring substations 110 kV Kosova A-Bardhi-Vaganica-Vallaq

Q2:2013

T-R

IV/

L11

8/1




(a) Replacement of the conductor from 150/25mm2 in 240/40mm2 in 7.3km length from SS Prishtina 2 up to SS Kosova A


Increase of the transmitting capacity of the line from 83 MVA in 114 MVA with the purpose of reducing power losses, improvement of the N-1 security criteria for the ring substations 110 kV Kosova A-Prishtina 1- Prishtina 4

Q3:2013


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T-R

IV/

L11

8/3

Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L118/3 (a) Replacement of the phase and

protective conductors (b) Reinforcement of the pillars

and replacement of the isolators

(a) Replacement of the conductor from 150/25mm2 in 240/40mm2 in 28.7 km length from SS Ferizaj up to SS Sharr


Increase of the transmitting capacity of the line from 83 MVA in 114 MVA with the purpose of reducing power losses, improvement of the N-1 security criteria for the ring substations 110 kV SS Ferizaj 2-Sharr-Viti- Gjilan 5

Q2:2014

T-L

2 P

EJA

3-P

EJA

1

New line 110 kV SS Peja 3- SS Peja 1

a) Construction of the new line of 28km

a) 28km, Al.Çe240mm2 b) Field line in SS Peja 3 c) Field line in SS Peja 1

The continuous increase of the consumption endangers the security of the ring supply for the substations Peja3-Peja1-Peja2-Deçan –Gjakova1. Creation of the transmitting line enables fulfillment of the N-1 criteria.

Q4:2015

5.5.2.6 Project for support of the load – applications for connection to the


In the table below are presented the projects that KEK - DSO applied during

2008/2009 in KOSTT, to permit the connection to the transmission network. KOSTT has

conducted analysis of the impact of projects on the transmission network, carrying out the

initial design of the project which defines the optimal configuration of the project, necessary

equipment and high voltage point of connection to the transmission network. Projects are

presented in Table 5-10 are approved by the involved Parties.

T-R

IV/

L11

8/3




(a) Replacement of the conductor from 150/25mm2 in 240/40mm2 in 39.42km length from SS Ferizaj up to SS Theranda

(c) Reinforcement of the steel and concrete pillars and replacing the existing isolators with composite isolators.

Increase of the transmitting capacity of the line from 83 MVA in 114 MVA with the purpose of reducing power losses, improvement of the N-1 security criteria for the ring substations 110 kV SS Ferizaj 1-Therandë-Prizren 3

Q3:2015


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Tab.5-10 Projects for which applications are made in KOSTT related to the

connection to the transmission network

Planned projects for support of the load, which are confirmed and applications submitted at

KOSTT for connection 5

Id

Project description

Equipments


Operational

DT

/RA

H.

SS Gjilani 5, 110/10(20) kV (a) 2x31.5 MVA (b) Connect through double

line of 110 kV in cutting of line 110 kV SS Gjilan1 – SS Viti

(a) Substation contains two transformers: 2x31.5 MVA, 3 field lines, 2 transformative fields and 1 connection field in the level 110 kV with double system of bus bars

(b) Double line 110 kV, 9km, 240mm2 connected in the current line Gjilan-Viti (L1802). The third line to this SS will come from SS Ferizaj 2 after its construction.

Support for the consumption needs of Gjilani region. This substation will enable the optimization of the power flow after construction of the other new line SS Gjilan 5- SS Ferizaj 2.

Q2:2011

DT

/PA

L.

Increase of the security supply of SS Palaj (a) Increase of the

transformative capacity for 63 MVA

(b) Connection through double line 110 kV in line L163

(a) Installment of the three transformers with power 63 MVA, 110/35 kV, creating two field lines and one transformative field 110 kV

(b) Through double line 110 kV, 240mm2 with 2km length from SS Palaj will be connected on the current cut of the line SS Kosova A-SS Vallaq (L163)

Fulfillment of the N-1 security criteria, increase of the security of the supplying mines in Sibovc, Mirash and Bardh.

Q3:2011

5 Due to the implementation of these projects do not depend from KOSTT, their implementation and timing into operation. KOSTT confirmations are provided to allow connection to the transmission network.


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DT

/V

AG

.

SS Vaganica, 110/35/10(20) kV, (a) 2x63 MVA (b) Connection through

cutting of the lines L163, L126/4, L125/3

(a) Substation contains two transformers: 2x63 MVA, 5 line fields, 2 transformative lines and 1 connection field in the level of 110 kV with double bus bars system

(b) Line 3.64km, 240mm2 110 kV connected to the current line L126/4 will be connected to SS Vaganica.

Support of the consumption needs for Mitrovica region. Creation of flexible node, which will ensure high flexibility in terms of security and reliability of the operational system for that part of the network.

Q4:2011

5.5.2.7 Projects for the re-vitalizing of the substations of KOSTT

The following table contains a list of projects related to the process of re-vitalizing of

the substations that are managed by KOSTT. These include the common substations

KOSTT - KEK – Distribution, part of the equipment of 110 kV to the technical border

between KOSTT and parties involved in KOSTT.

Tab. 5-11. List of projects that fall under category for re-vitalizing of the substations

Projects for the re-vitalizing of the substations of KOSTT

Id

Project description

Equipments


Operational

T/

RIV

_KO

S_B

_400

kV

Re-vitalizing of the substation Kosovo B-400 kV (a) Replacement of the HV

equipments 400 kV.

(a) Replacement of the high voltage equipments 400 kV for five field of lines 400 kV and to transformative fields, one connection field an done auxiliary filed

Increase of the security and reliability of the main KOSTT substations operation. Development of such project has an importance also in the regional level since in this substation are connected there interconnection lines.

Q4:2010


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T/

CB

_PR

4

Replacing the poker switchers in SS Prishtina 4 (a) Replacing the switchers in

the level 220 kV (b) Replacing the switchers in

the level 110 kV

(b) Replacing the switchers in to fields of lines 220 kV

(c) Replacing the switchers in two transformative fields 220 kV and connecting fields

(d) Replacing the switchers in 6 fields of lines 110 kV

(e) Replacing the switchers in 2 transformative fields an done connecting field 110 kV

Increase of the security and reliability of the KOSTT substation operation of that are very important.

Q3:2012

TD

/RIV

_PE

JA1 Re-vitalizing of the HV

equipments TL6 Peja-1 110 kV (a) Replacement of the HV

equipments (b) Re-configuration of the

bus bars system

(f) Replacing two fields of lines 110 kV and two connecting fields

(g) Creation of the “H” system of bus bars, which requires to switchers for transformative fields.

Increase of the security and reliability of this substation operation. SS has passed the life cycle.

Q2:2012

TD

/RIV

_VA

LL

A

Re-vitalizing of the HV equipments Vallaqi 110 kV (a) Replacement of the HV

equipments of 110 kV (b) Replacing the field of

connecting lines 110 kV

(a) Replacing 5 fields of lines 110 kV and connecting fields

(b) Replacing of two transformative fields 110 kV

Increase of the security and reliability of this substation operation

Q2:2012

TD

/RIV

_GJA

KO

VA

1 Re-vitalizing of the HV

equipments Gjakova -1 110kV

(a) Replacement of the HV equipments of 110 kV

(b) Re-configuration of the bus bars system

(a) Replacing 2 fields of lines 110 kV and connecting fields

(b) Creation of double bus bars system, which requires two switchers for transformative fields. Also creating the new field of lines for accommodating the lines SS Klinë-SS Gjakova 1 after re-allocation from SS Gjakova 2.


Q2:2012

6 HV - High voltage

T/

RIV

_PR

Z2

Re-vitalizing of the HV equipments Prizreni-2 220kV &110kV & protection (a) Replacement of the HV

equipments (b) Replacement of the

measuring system and protection system.

(a) Level 220 kV: Replacing two field lines, one connecting line and two transformative lines of 110 kV: Replacing four fields of lines, one connecting line and two transformative lines

Increase of the security and reliability of the substation operation of 220/110 kV that are very important and have regional impact.

Q2:2011


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TD

/RIV

_FE

RIZ

1 Re-vitalizing of the HV equipments Ferizaj 1 110 kV

(a) Replacement of the HV equipments of 110 kV

(b) Re-configuration of the bus bars system

(a) Replacing 2 fields of lines (apart from switchers) 110 kV and two transformative fields

(b) Creation of double bus bars system with connecting fields


Q3:2013

TD

/RIV

_GJ1

Re-vitalizing of the HV equipments Gjilani 1 110 kV (a) Replacement of the HV

equipments of 110 kV

(a) Replacing 3 fields of lines 110 kV, two transformative fields and one connecting fields of lines 110 kV


Q4:2014

5.5.2.8 Planned projects for improvement of the management system,

monitoring, controlling and measuring of the transmission system

The following table contains the list of projects that fall under category for support of the

transmission system.

Tab. 5-12. List of projects that fall under category for support of the transmission system.

Planned projects for improvement of the management system, monitoring, controlling

and measuring of the transmission system

Id

Project description

Equipments


Operational

T/

LF

C

LFC- Secondary regulation (a) Integration of both

transmission systems of Albania and Kosovo in the terms of secondary joint regulation

(a) Project contains telecommunication routes and harware and software equipments, which will enable the optimal implementation of the secondary regulation of both systems

Through this project KOSTT fulfilles the main criteria required by ENTSO/E and required by standards determined in the code of frequency regulation (within the balance code).

Q4:2010


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T/

RE

G_O

PG

W

OPGW instalment in the interconnection lines 400 kV (a) Installment of the

telecommunication routes through optic fibers in the interconnection lines of 400 kV and 220 kV until the border.

(a) Protective conductor of 65mm 2 in 400 kV up to the border with neighboring countries will be replaced with protective conductor with same dimensions with 48 optic fibers composition.

Project will enable the fulfillment of the requirements deriving from Policy 6 of the ENTSO/E Manual

Q4:2012

5.6 Description of the transmission planned projects

5.6.1 Introduction

The impact of projects on transmission network performance that are completed in

2009, is analyzed in chapter 6. The following will present the reasons for the need to develop

individual projects, which are considered feasible in the first five-year. In the five-year period

TDP has as objective to develop the transmission network in terms of fulfilling almost all

obligations arising from the Grid Code. The first phase of the consolidation of transmission

network expected to end after major project Peja 3 is finalized, emergency project 212 lines

as line 110 kV, 150 MVA autotransformers project in SS Kosovo A. Transition from the

current critical situation of the transmission network in the state of consolidation, KOSTT

will bring in a visible more improved position in terms of security and reliability in operation

in the supply of quality consumer as well as quantities of energy reduction the undelivered to

customers.

T/

IT -

TR

EG

U

IT SYSTEM to support the market operation (a) Central system for collecting

and processing data (b) Harware and software

equipments

Harware and software and licence for: (a) Cost sharing (b) Energy management (c) Demand prediction (d) Balancing mechanism (e) Calculation of the

interconnection capacities (f) Saving and archiving of the

data

Project enables management and exchange of data that deal with market and liaison between OST and different participants in the energy market

Q4:2011

T/

RE

G_N

JEH

SOR

ET

INTER-OST Meters (a) Installment of the

measuring points in the cross-border lines in accordance with the measuring code

(a) Installment of the measuring transformers with two cores for commercial measures in the interconnection lines 400 kV and 220 kV and 110 kV

(b) Replacing the existing meters with meters that are in compliance with measuring code

The project will enable the completion of meters installment at the border in accordance with measuring code.

Q4:2012


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning However, planning process of the transmission network aimed at achieving the technical

standards, in particular meeting the security criteria N-1, which as shown at the beginning of

this chapter, even after the consolidation phase of some elements of the transmission

network has not yet meet the N-1 criteria. Taking into account this factor and the anticipated

growth of consumption, network planning process reveals a number of projects which are

considered by KOSTT as very important in achieving the goals. Also supporting projects for

the management and operation of the transmission system as SCADA/EMS, meters at

borders, IT for the support of electricity market, LFC etc are considered as vital projects in

fulfilling the obligations that the Transmission System and Market Operator – KOSTT

has.

In the following are given descriptions of the development projects of first five

years. The period from 2010 to 2014 includes five years of intensive investment in the

transmission network. A number of projects planned that are expected to be completed by

the end of 2014, would bring the transmission network in a state which guarantees high

security and operational reliability and which will be significantly closer to meeting the

overall objective of the N-1 security criteria. This period covers projects that impact directly

on strengthening the transmission network, re-vitalizing projects for the substations and

projects supporting the load, related to which project applications are already submitted to

KOSTT for connection to the transmission network.

In the following is presented the impact of major projects during the period 2010 -

2014 divided per categories of projects and time frame that these projects are expected to

the implementation.

5.6.2 Projects for reinforcement of the transmission network

In the following are given main characteristics of the projects and its impact in the


Project: AT3-150 MVA in SS Prishtina 4. This project is considered of high

importance for strengthening the transforming capacities of the transmission network. The

apparent increase of the load in the area of Prishtina, Lipjan, Gjilan and Ferizaj during


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning maximum load has brought to the risk the operation of the substation Prishtina 4 in terms of

high loading of the two existing autotransformers. Eventual fall of one of autotransformers

is accompanied by significant loss of load and drop cascades to other network elements.

Projects that are implemented by the end of 2009 will optimize the power flow in

autotransformers of SS Prishtina 4, but N-1 criteria will not be met. Based on the results of

computer simulations in terms of long-term monitoring of the growth of consumption, the

project for the third autotransformer SS 150 MVA in Prishtina 4 is listed at a very high

priority.

The project is in implementation stage and in the first half of 2010 is expected to be

operational. As such the project will have very positive effects in meeting the N-1 security

criteria. Also autotransformers maintenance process will be optimal. In the project is also

included installation of two respective transformer bay with all metering, protective and

controlling equipment.

Packet Project: FERIZAJ 2 represents the second major project on strengthening

the capacity of the transmission network, after Package Project Peja 3. This project is a

necessity to improve operational performance and increase transmission capacity, the

network part of south-eastern Kosovo, in long-terms. Creating the third strong node of 400

kV in that area will enable significant increased of the transmission capacity, increased

security and reliability of transmission system operation, significant reduction of power

losses and improve quality of supply nodes of consumption. Introducing the operation of

this major project will also significantly affect the discharge of autotransformers SS Kosovo

B and SS Prishtina 4, and significant download of 220 kV and 110 kV voltage lines. In figure

5-5 can be the geographical layout of the package project Ferizaj 2.


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Figure.5-5. Package project Ferizaj 2, 400/110 kV its interconnection to the transmission network

The project is in the pre-tendering stage, with detailed technical specifications

completed. The project will be co-financed from the Kosovo budget and the European

Commission and as such is expected to enter into operation in late 2011. Positive

impacts of the project will take effect in almost all the transmission network, but with

particular emphasis on the transmission network which lies in south-eastern Kosovo.

The area of Ferizaj, Gjilan, Vitia, Sharr and Theranda will have positive impacts with the

SS Ferizaj 2 becoming operational.

Project: Interconnection of SS Lipjan in the line L112. The interconnection

project for SS Lipjan through double line of L112 (SS Kosovo A - SS Ferizaj 1) presents a

very important project in the transmission network but also the increase of the reliability and


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning security for the consumption supply in Lipjan. Creating a new 110 kV ring which is closed

by SS Kosovo A in SS Lipjan and SS Ferizaj 1, will enable increase of security and reliability

of consumption supply. Lipljan will have ring supply, enabling the optimization of the

process of maintenance of high voltage equipment in SS Lipljan. In figure 5-7 is presents the

conceptual plan of the geographic layout. The project envisages construction of 5 km double

line that will turn on the point of cutting the line L112 which from SS Kosovo A has 18km

length, while from SS Ferizaj has 19km length. The project foresees the installation of two

new fields in SS Lipjan 110kV lines and work on adapting the system for adjusting the bus

bars for accepting two additional fields. This project is considered with high benefit when

compared with its relatively low costs. The project is scheduled to be completed by the end

of the second quarter of 2011.

Figure.5-7 Geographical layout of the project for interconnection of SS Lipjan with L112


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Project: Allocation of the line L1806 from SS Gjakova 2 to SS Gjakova 1.

Implementation of project creates the important ring of the substations of 110 kV Peja 3 –

Klina - Gjakova 2 which allows the power flow from SS Peja 3 to SS Gjakova 2.

The rest of the ring Peja 3 - Peja 1 - Peja 2 - Decani - Gjakova1 – Gjakova 2 remain

extremely sensitive in terms of N-1 security criteria. Serial link of these five substations

through standard line of 110 kV, 240mm2 does not create certainty in meeting the N-1

security, at the time peak hour consumption. Eventual failure of the primary branches of SS

Peja 3 - SS Peja 1 or SS Gjakova 1 - SS Gjakova 2 will incur overload of the other primary

branches, causing detachment and loss of supply from the substations Peja 1, Peja 2, Deçan

and Gjakova 1. Computer simulations for different loads show the advantages of the current

allocation of line L1806 SS Klina - SS Gjakova 2, from SS Gjakova 2 to SS Gjakova 1. In

this case the project must be coordinated with the project for rehabilitation of SS Gjakova 1,

in which should be create a new lines field of 110 kV and as such should be finalized in the

second quarter of 2012. In table 5-6 is shown the implementation of the project

configuration.

Implementation of the project will enable the fulfillment of N-1 criteria for the

above mentioned 110 kV ring in the long-term domain and as such will reduce for two the

number of network elements that do not meet the N-1 criteria. Also the process of

maintaining the lines would be easily feasible. The project is valued at relatively low cost and

its construction time is short. Part of the new line of 4 km (blue) can be completely new, by

not demolishing the L1806 line (in figure with interrupted lines) but only opening the

bridges at the point where the new part of line is linked. However it is possible to demount

the towers and lines and to use those towers and demolished conductors for the 4 km line,

which is connected to the SS Gjakova 1.


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Figure 5-6 The project for allocation of the lines L1806 from SS Gjakova 2 to SS Gjakova 1

Project: AT2-300 MVA in SS PEJA3. Substation Peja 3 of 400/110 kV will initially

have installed only one autotransformer. With the increased of consumption above the value

of 1000 MW, the eventual collapse of this autotransformer will cause dangerous overloads of

the ring 110 kV lines of, which take over all the power that flows through autotransformer

after its failure. Based on the continuous growth of the consumption, the N-1 security

criteria for this substation will be completed and also the maintenance process of the

autotransformer could only be done with load reductions. In order to meet the N-1 security

criteria, the installation of AT2 300 MVA in SS Peja 3 provides a necessary project for

KOSTT. The project envisages installation of AT2 along with two respective transformer

bays. Installment of AT2 will ensure a long-term domain for meeting the N-1 security

criteria. Considering the computer simulations, the time of delivery and technical

specifications of the autotransformers, procurement and tendering the autotransformer will

be operational in the third quarter of 2012.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Project: Interconnection line 400 kV SS Kosovo B – SS Tirana 2. The new

interconnection line Kosovo and Albania represents one of the major projects of very high

importance not only for the two interconnection systems but also for the other regional

systems. About the importance of this line many studies were conducted as: ESTAP I,

ESTAP II and last revision by consulting company DECON in cooperation with KOSTT.

By signing the contract for consulting services between the German Development Bank

(KfW), KOSTT, Transmission System Operator (Albania) and MVV DECON consulting

company, the work on preparing material for the advertisement of the tender for the

construction of Kosovo-Albanian line will start, which is scheduled to be published in the

first quarter of 2010, and the construction schedule is foreseen that the construction of the

line is to start in the 4th quarter of 2010 and completed in 2012. Project for construction of

the interconnection line of 400 kV Kosovo-Albania consists in building 400 kV high voltage

line , 2x490/65mm2 about 239 km in length, of which 85.5 km in the territory of Republic of

Kosovo and 153.5 km in the territory of Republic of Albania, as shown in figure 5-9. Part of

the 85.5km line in the territory of Kosovo will be finance by the German government

through KfW-Development Bank, partly in the form of grant and the rest as a long term

loan, while part of the line in Albania is also financed by KfW through long-term loan.

Construction of high voltage line 400kV Kosovo-Albania will affect the optimization of

both systems, increasing transmission capacity, and increase on the security and reliability of

the Power System in Kosovo and Albania, and will also affect in the development market

of both countries and the regional electricity market. Interconnection line of 400 kV

Kosovo-Albania, will enable greater sharing of electricity between the two countries

especially after the increase of the planned generating capacity in Kosovo based on lignite

and hydro generation capacity of the Republic of Albania.

The Line up to the Vau i Dejes will be a single while the Vau i Dejes to Tirana lines will

use double pillar line Podgorica-Tirana, which is under construction and is expected to

become operational in late 2010.


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85.5km

75.5km

78km

Figure.5-9 Interconnection line of 400 kV SS Kosova B – SS Tirana 2

Project: Second line of 110 kV SS Peja 3- SS Peja 1,

From 2011 to 2013 in the Dukagjin network area the N-1 security criteria will be

completely fulfilled, but the continued growth of consumption which is estimated for

2014 is projected to be 1247 MW, endangers the N-1 criteria for that area. Critical

decline will be the failures of 110 kV line SS Peja 3 – SS Peja 1, where in the line SS

Gjakova 1 - SS Decani and SS Peja 3 - SS Klina will appear overload. Also, a failure of

the line of SS Gjakova 1 - SS Deçan will affect in the overload of SS Peja 3 - SS Peja 1.

Therefore to eliminate this problem it is necessary to build a second 110 kV line,

240mm2 with length of 28km from SS Peja 3 at SS Peja 1. If there will be expropriation

problems the optional solution will be the dismantling of the existing lines and

construction of new double lines. In the figure 5-10 is presented the geographical scope

of project.


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Figure.5-10 Geographical layout of the new line of 110 kV SS Peja 3 – SS Peja 1

5.6.3 Projects on the re-vitalizing of the lines 110kV

The important factors that are taken into account for determining the list of lines

which will have the conductors replaced with larger transmission capacity are:

o The age of the lines, and

o The level of power losses in the line

The first factor is clearly defined; while the second factor is quite dynamic process since the

level of power flows through the 110 kV lines change depending on the implementation of

the projects that have impact on the transmission network. All 110 kV lines with cross-

section of 150mm2, of the transmission network are analyzed in terms of power losses

following the network reinforcements in long term period. Lines that are 40 years old and

lines with larger losses are listed in the first place.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning The main objective of this category of projects is to increase the capacity of 110 kV

lines with section conductors of 150mm2 (83 MVA), in conductor 240mm2 (114 MVA).

Some very old lines mainly have concrete towers and replacement of the existing conductors

with conductor on greater weight in mechanical and statically terms require reinforcement of

towers, with special emphasis on angular towers. Also portal towers require reinforcement

and eventual addition of the towers in order to increase the mechanical stability of the whole

line. For the period 2010-2011 are selected the following 110 kV lines that will be reinforced:


Line of 14.57 km connecting SS Peja 2 with SS Deçan, it’s a line built in 1967, which

contains 52 towers of portal type and conductor of 150mm2. Line L126/2, is an important

line, segment of the substations ring of 110 kV Peja 3 – Peja 1, - Peja 2 - Deçan-Gjakova 1.

The project for the re-vitalizing of this line includes strengthening of the angular towers of

the portal form, installing new insulators and changing phase conductors. Protective

conductor will be replaced with the project SCADA/EMS. The project will assist in the

increase of the transmitting capacities and will assist in improvement of the N-1 security

criteria. The project is planned to be finalized in the second quarter of 2011.

• Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L126/5. The line of 4.6km connecting SS Peja 1 and

SS Peja 2 represents one of the first lines of 110 kV built in Kosovo. Line L126/5

represents important segment of 110 kV of the substations Peja 3 - Peja 1 – Peja 2 -

Decani - Gjakova 1 - Gjakova 2.

The project for the re-vitalizing of this line includes strengthening of the angular towers

of portal form, installing new insulators and changing phase conductors. Protective

conductor will be replaced with the project SCADA/EMS. The project will assist in the

increase of the transmitting capacities and will assist in improvement of the N-1 security

criteria. The project is planned to be finalized in the fourth quarter of 2011.

Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L125/2 and L125/3a. The project includes replacement

of the conductor from 150/25mm2 to 240/40mm2 in length of 9.6 km from SS Trepça

until SS Vushtrri 1 and 6 km length from SS Trepça to SS Vaganica. This project also


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includes strengthening of angular steel pillars and those of concrete, installment of the

new composite insulators and changing of the phase conductor and protective

conductor. Protective conductor shall consist of fiber optical.

These two lines represent important ring segments of the substations Kosovo A -

Vushtrri 1 & 2 - Trepca - Vaganica. Computer analysis shows the importance of

increasing the transmission capacity of these two lines, both in terms of meeting the

criteria N-1 and in their effects in reducing power losses. Eventual failure of the initial

segment of SS Kosovo A - SS Vushtrri 2 of the ring above mentioned can cause a

dangerous overload of the segment SS Trepça - SS Vaganica during the winter peak

hours, therefore, reinforcement of these two lines will avoid such problems. Also the

process of maintaining the lines of this ring could be optimized. The project is planned

to be finalized in the third quarter of 2012.

Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L163/1. The project includes replacement of the

conductor from 150/25mm2 to 240/40mm2 in length of 32km from SS Kosova A to SS

Vaganica. The project also includes reinforcement of the pillars of steel portal type,

installment of the new composite insulators and changing of the phase conductors.

Protective conductor will be replaced with the project SCADA/EMS.

This segment of the ring line is very important 110 kV: NS Kosovo A - NS Palaj -

Vaganica NS - NS Vushtrri 1 - NS Vushtrri 2 which enters the category of lines with

great power flows. The project will help to increase transmission capacity, reducing

power losses, and will assist in improving N-1 security criteria. Also the project will

affect the increase of the supply security of SS Palaj wherein is expected to have an

increase in the consumption impacted by the construction of the mine in Sibovc. The

project is planned to be finalized by the second quarter of 2013.

Re-vitalizing of the line 110kV: L118/1 The project includes the replacement of the

conductor from 150/25mm2 to 240/40mm2 in length of 7.2km to SS Kosovo A to SS

Prishtina 1. The project also includes reinforcement of the concrete towers, installment

of the new composite insulators and changing of the phase conductor and protective


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conductor. The continuous increase in consumption in the Prishtina region jeopardizes

the fulfillment of N-1 security criteria, thus reinforcing this line will significantly affect

the increase of the security supply of Prishtina. The project is scheduled to be finalized

in the third quarter of 2013.

Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L118/3 Project includes replacement of the conductor

from 150/25mm2 to 240/40mm2 in the length of 28.7km in length from SS Ferizaj 2 up

to SS Sharri. The project also includes reinforcement of the concrete towers, installment

of the new composite insulators and changing of the phase conductor and protective

conductor. The line represents a ring segment of the important substation of 110 kV

Ferizaj 2 - Sharr - Viti - Gjilan 5 which represents one of the oldest lines of 110 kV

transmission network so that its re-vitalization will significantly affect the increase of

security and operational reliability of that part of the 110 kV network. The project is

scheduled to be finalized in the second quarter of 2014.

Re-vitalizing of the line 110 kV: L179/2 Project includes replacement of the

conductor from 150/25mm2 to 240/40mm2 in the length of 39.4 km in length from SS

Ferizaj 1 up to SS Theranda. The project also includes reinforcement of the concrete

pillars, installment of the new composite insulators and changing of the phase conductor

and protective conductor. The line represents the of the two consumption groups of the

south-east (SS Ferizaj 2) and south-west (SS Prizren 2). Re-vitalizing of this line will

significantly affect the increase of security and operational reliability of that part of the

110 kV network. The project is scheduled to be finalized in the third quarter of 2015.

5.6.4 Projects for the support of the load

In the following are described the project that support the load and which are confirmed

by KEK – DSO. Their impact in the transmission network is described based on the

computer analysis results during the planning process.

Project: Increase of the supply security of SS Palaj. This project falls into the category of

projects that support the load, but its effects are directly in the reinforcement of the


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning transmission network as the radial supply of SS Palaj will be replaced by supply ring,

eliminating an element that does not meet the criteria N- 1. The project includes re-

designing SS Palaj with the system of double bus bars, with connection field that can

accommodate the new transformer bay of the new T3 63 MVA transformer and two 110 kV

overhead line. These two overhead lines represent double overhead lines, which from SS

Palaj will be connected to the most optimal point on the line SS Kosovo A - SS Vallaq

(Vaganica) as shown in figure 5-11. The project will have direct impact on increasing the

security of consumer supply, which is a very important for SS Palaj.

The effects are positive since through this project it will be possible the following:

- Meeting the N-1 criteria, eliminating the radial supply of the substation Palaj

- Reducing undelivered energy to consumption in Palaj.

- The possibility of maintaining the lines and substation

- Reduction of losses due to lowering the impedance of the line between SS Kosovo A -

SS Palaj

-

Figure 5-11. Project for the connection reinforcement of SS Palaj


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Project: SS Gjilani 5 This project falls into the category of projects that support the

load, but its effects are directly in the reinforcement of the transmission network as it is

related to the SS Ferizaj 2 project, wherein through SS Gjilani 5 – Ferizaj 2 line planned

in the SS Ferizaj 2 project will be created a new 110 kV ring, which is very important in

meeting the N-1 security criteria for this part of the 110 kV network. In this case a

reliable and quality supply for consumption in the region of Gjilani and Vitia will be

provided. The project as such was approved in 2009 by KEK - Distribution. In figure 5-

12 can be seen the configuration of the interconnection of substation SS Gjilan 5 in the

network 110 kV.

Figure.5-12. Project of SS Gjilani 5

Project: SS Vaganica This project falls into the category of projects that support the

load, but its effects are directly in the increase of the operational security of the

transmission network. The project is identified by KEK - Distribution and it is a

necessity in order to support the consumption in the Mitrovica region, allowing


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download of the substation SS Trepça and SS Vallaqi. In the figure 5-13 can be seen the

configuration of the interconnection substation in the 110 kV network. As such, this

configuration provides high operational flexibility on the part of the transmission

network. Reinforcements in the lines SS Vallaq – SS Kosovo A, SS Vaganicë - SS Trepca

planned in development plan will significantly help in meeting the N-1 security criteria

and quality of consumer supply of Mitrovica. Transformation capacity of the substation

will be 2x63 MVA

Figure.5-13 Project SS Vaganica

5.6.5 Projects for the re-vitalizing of the substations

In determining the list of substations that need re-vitalizing the following factors

were taken into consideration:

Impact of the failure of the substations in the transmission system

The age of the substation

Frequency of the failures and damages in the equipments of the high voltage

The level of the currents of damages in the substations


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Probability of failures in high voltage equipment begins to rise with age of equipment,

especially equipments that are greatly used. Also the substations which are characterized by

large currents failures considerably influenced in the accelerating the loss of their credibility.

Based on data archived in KOSTT related to the above mentioned factors a list of

substations that need to be re-vitalized in the first five years of the development plan.

Project: Re-vitalizing of SS Kosovo B/400 kV – Provides a complete replacement of

five 400 kV overhead lines and two 400 kV transformer bays, with modern equipment of

high voltage. The project, which is expected to be finalized in late 2010, concludes a full

re-vitalization of this main substation of the transmission network since the voltage

equipment of 220 kV fully re-vitalized. Impacts on the domestic and regional network

failures in the substation are evident therefore implementation of this project is of

particular importance for KOSTT and the whole Power System of Kosovo. The

project will have direct impact on increasing security and reliability of transmission

system operation.

Project: Re-vitalizing of SS Prizreni 2, 220/110 kV – SS Prizren 2 is of great

importance for the transmission network in Kosovo. SS Prizren 2 is connected with two

220 kV lines: one from SS Drenasi 1 and the other is the interconnection line with

Albania (HP Fierza). Due to the great importance that this substation has for the

transmission network in Kosovo, any power outage can cause effects on supply. Not to

come to such situation, it is necessary that the high voltage equipments operate

accurately according to technical standards. Statistics show that many breaks that

occurred in previous years in the substation were due to the improper action of high

voltage equipments, so inclusion of this substation in the list of projects to ne re-

vitalized is of a high priority. The re-vitalization project includes change of all high

voltage equipment at 220 kV and 110 kV lines, transformers and bus coupler bay. The

project is expected to conclude in the second quarter of 2011.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Project: Replacement of the circuit breaker in SS Prishtina 4, 220/110 kV

Substation Prishtina 4 is considered of high importance and with high impact on the

transmission network. The proximity of this substation from generation resources is

characterized with a high level short circuit currents. Existing circuit breaker have 31.5

kA disconnecting capacity, while taking into account future developments in the

transmission network that reflect the increase of short circuit level and in the statistics

of incidents recorded in SS Prishtina 4 as a result of the failure of circuit breakers,

replacement is more than necessary. The project includes replacement of all existing

switches 220 kV and 110 kV. The project is scheduled to be finalized in the third quarter

of 2012.

Projects: Re-vitalizing the substations 110/x kV: SS Peja 1, SS Vallaqi SS

Gjakova 1, SS Ferizaj 1 and SS Gjilani 1

These projects fall into projects which enhance the security and reliability of supply in the

distribution nodes. The first two substations SS Peja 1 and SS Gjakova 1 have passed the life

cycle. The frequency of failures due to aging of high voltage equipment tends to increase

thus re-vitalizing of substations SS Peja 1 (Q2 2012), SS Vallaqi (Q2 2012) and SS Gjakova 1

(Q2 2012) in a medium– term period is more than necessary.

Two other substations SS Ferizaj 1 (Q3 2013) and SS Gjilan 1 (Q4 2014) also fall into the

category of substations that are near the end of the life cycle. Also these two substations

have a significant impact on the system operation since after the completion of the project

SS 400/110 kV Ferizaj 2 of their interconnection into the system will be much more

powerful and the effects of failures will be much larger. Their re-vitalization is necessary in

order to increase security and reliability of supply of the distribution nodes in South-Eastern

Kosovo.

During the second five years period 2015-2019 is also planned to systematically re-

vitalize the substations that are not on the list of the first five years. Considering the

relatively low planning reliability of the second five year period this list could have


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning considerable changes. In the periodic revisions of the transmission development plan the

changes will be followed which are considered necessary during the planning period.

5.6.6 Projects for the improvement for monitoring, controlling and measuring

of the transmission system

In the following are presented the projects of TDP that are considered as necessary to fulfill

the criteria deriving from the Grid Code and ENTSO/E.

Project: ITSMO Meters at the Border points

Measuring the flows of energy that passes through the transmission network is realized by

measuring groups installed in each substation wherein exist the measurement borders

between KOSTT and "the others" (TSO neighbors, generators, DSO and qualified

customers (eligible).

The project, which ended in the third quarter of 2009, includes the installation of new

metering groups (including metering transformers, meters, and application for data

collection RMC (Remote Metering Center) at all measurement points in 110 kV transmission

network. After the implementation of this project, the metering system in KOSTT, mostly,

has become a system that fully complies with the Metering Code and comparable with

modern metering systems. The measurements well-functioning in the interconnection lines is

continuously realized through regional cooperation and KOSTT is regularly in contact with

counterparts from neighboring TSO parties, holding periodic regular contacts in order to

exchange the measurement data of energy flows during the corresponding months in these

lines.

On the other hand the project will enable optimizing the control of losses in transmission

network and also the archived data can be processed with proper planning purpose of

consumption and its nature in certain points of distribution nodes.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Project: SCADA/EMS

Modernization of monitoring and controlling system of the transmission system will be

implemented through a major project SCADA/EMS, which is currently at the stage of

completion and is expected to conclude in late 2010. The project is divided into

a) System SCADA/EMS which contains necessary hardware and software equipments

b) The telecommunication routes in OPGW in the protective conductor of the lines 400 kV,

220 kV and 110 kV that means creation of the telecommunication infrastructure within

the central system of SCADA/EMS and local SCADA of substations.

With the implementation of the project SCADA/EMS, KOSTT will fulfill a very important

criteria required by ENTSO/E, paving the way to full membership in this very important

European association.

System SCADA/EMS will contain some very important applications that are in use today

by modern TSO. These applications are

- Power Flow Analysis

- Real Time Network

- Short Circuit analysis

- Security Enhancement

- Contingency Analysis

- Optimal Power Flow Incredible opportunities that these applications have will enable KOSTT optimal

management of power flows in transmission system. Use of applications will enable high-

level monitoring at a real-time of the system and optimized operational planning of the

system before conducting the actions, a day before or a in a periodic domain a year.

Applications will also be useful in terms of actual data communication system with

application software PSS/E which in KOSTT is used for medium and long-term planning.

In figure A-13 of the annex can be seen the layout of the network of optical

fibers in the transmission lines that SCADA/EMS project contains


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Project: LFC Secondary regulation

KOSTT currently has installed LFC system which sends the signal regulating to both B1 and

B2 units of PP Kosova B In figure 5-14 can be seen the anticipated level of secondary

regulatiion power for next 10 years beginning from 32 MW to 39 MW. Taking into

consideration that both B1 and B2 units can provide 20 MW secondary regulation power,

and claims arising from ENTSO/E to meet the N-1 criteria in terms of providing

continuous regulation power then Power System until the installation of new generating

capacity can not solely fulfill the requirements for secondary regulation. So for this reason in

the TDP was initiated the LFC project, which will interconnect two systems: Albanian

TSO and KOSTT. The project has two implementation options:

a) Two systems to be separate regulation area wherein together will form one controll block

b) Two systems to function as one zone and one controll block

In order to find the most optimal option, KOSTT has won a grant by KfW German Bank

for Reconstruction to study this problem by international consulting companies. In early

2010 is expected that the consulting company will have an optimal solution regarding the

aforementioned project. However, the outcome of the project is expected to be finalized in

the end of 2010.

In addition to hardware and software systems investment the project should include the

telecommunication network between SS Prizren 2 and HP Fierza with OPGW.

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Viti

MW

Figure 5-14 Forecasts of the needs for the secondary regulation power


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Project: OPGW in the interconnection lines Currently there are no telecommunications routes OPGW at the boundary lines.

Requirements of Policy 6 of the Manual of ENTSO/E (UCTE) require that an OST must

have at least two lines of communication with neighboring systems. Therefore, the project of

establishment of OPGW in the interconnection lines up to the border point is considered

important for KOSTT and regional system as a whole. In order for the project to be

operational there should be an Agreement between TSO’s so the OPGW will be installed in

the entire length of the line on both sides of the border.

The main objective of this project is installation of protective conductor with OPGW (up to

the border with neighboring TSO) and telecommunications equipment in the existing

interconnection lines of 400 kV:

L 407, SS Kosovo B – SS Nish, in total length 41 km

L 437/2 SS Peja 3 – SS Ribarevina , in total length 28.8.km

L 420 SS Ferizaj 2 – SS Shkupi 5, in total length 69 km

The total length of the OPGW installment is 138.8km

The finalization of the project is expected in the fourth quarter of 2012.

Project: INTER-TSO Meters Currently there are measuring points in all interconnection lines; however, they are not

completely in compliance with the Metering Code and the technical requirements of

ENTSO/E. The problems fall in two aspects:

- Current and voltage metering transformers have only one core for measuring, while the

Metering Code requires to have two comerical cores with identical characteristics.

- Meters should be of multiple tariffs Project foresees replacement of the measuring points in the interconnection lines:

- Line 400 kV: SS Kosova B – SS Nish

- Line 220 kV: SS Podujeva – SS Krushevc, SS Prizreni 2 – SS Fierza

- Line 110 kV: SS Vallaqi – SS N.Pazari, SS Berivojca – SS Bujanovci


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Also in the project will be included other three measuring points in SS Kosovo B in the

border with PP Kosova B:

- Line 220 kV, SS Kosovo B – PP Kosovo B

- Two generation fields B1 and B2 in SS Kosovo B.

This project will complete the measuring points in all border of the transmission system with

others.

The finalization of the project is expected in the fourth quarter of 2012.

Project: IT SYSTEM for supporting the market operation

Electricity sector in Kosovo is in the process of reforming in accordance with EU Directives

2003/54/EC and 1228/2003/EC as required by the Energy Community for South East

European countries. Based on the Law on Electricity, KOSTT has acquired a license for

electricity market operation issued by the Energy Regulatory Office. As required in the

Market Rules, KOSTT has signed the Framework Agreement with all licensed market

participants in the electricity market in Kosovo. Market Rules are implemented in two phases

starting with provisional phase and moving in the direction of full implementation of the

Market Rules. This kind of development process in two phases is set due to lack of

generation in relation with demand.

To achieve full implementation of the Market Rules and the fulfillment of the requirements

of Policy 4 of the ENTSO/E (UCTE) Manual, KOSTT should install the Information

Technology (IT) system in order to support the implementation of the Market Rules and to

assure market operation. Transitional Market Rules are implemented from April 2007, and it

aims to complete the implementation of the Market Rules in early 2011. KOSTT is obliged to

implement the requirements as: energy data management and finances and audits, publication

of data, transparency, and the platform to calculate the capacity of interconnection etc.

Implementation of these activities will help KOSTT to integrate into regional and European

mechanisms.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning KOSTT is actively participating in all developments in South-Eastern Europe contributing to

the establishment of all the mechanisms that enable the implementation of energy free

market. This requires advanced IT system with appropriate software platform that can

operate in conjunction with activities "Coordinated Congestion Management", "Regional

Balancing Mechanism", "Market of Ancillary Services and the "Common Electricity Market".

The IT project foresees the installation of the complete informative technology system,

hardware and software in order to support the activities of the Market Operator. This system

will contain:

Management of energy data - component that collects, processes, manages and archives

all data of the measured flows of energy needed for the billing process;

Allocation of the interconnection capacity - component that manages a comprehensive

process of allocation of the interconnection capacity;

Storage/reporting of data - as a component which receives and formats the data for

analytical purposes, reporting and publication;

Balancing mechanism - a component that manages balancing market with this

mechanism;

The day before market

Demand forecasting system – issues the forecast one day prior based on the measured

data and other factors.

Notification of contracts – collection of data and information on bilateral and centralized

market among market participants.

IT platform for Market Operator activities will enable and implement:

Better management of the activities of the electricity market

Comprehensive effective management of energy data, and commercial capacities in

relation to electricity market


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Settlement and billing

Transparency and auditing ability

Trading activities (organized and centralized, balancing, transmission capacity

nomination)

Easy detection of abnormal market behavior

Efficient management of the open market/supplier selected by the customer

Reporting and publication

Right decision making

IT platform is extremely important to the Market Operator to meet the legal and regulatory

requirements, to meet the settlement process in an efficient, transparent and audited manner.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 6. TRANSMISSION NETWORK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

6.1 Description of the network model

Transmission network planning begins with creating basic mathematical model which

corresponds to network situation at the end of 2009 using technical data elements that

comprise the Power System. The parameters necessary for creating basic mathematical

model include:

Electrical parameters of existing generators

Electrical parameters of 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV lines

Electrical transformer parameters, without including the distribution network transformers

The maximum active and reactive power during winter and summer season in the points of distribution

and other expendable points.

Common power flow in border lines

Normal configuration of the transmission network.

Simulations and technical analysis of system performance in different periods have been

conducted with the help of software package PSS/E 32. This applicable software for the

planning processes of transmission networks is used in most countries of South-East

Europe, but also in many European countries and the world.

Iterative method (recurring), "Full Newton Raphson” is used to calculate the power flows,

while in calculating the security network criteria is used the module ACA " AC Contingency

Solution "which is integrated into the PSS/E.

For the purpose of calculating the analysis of short circuits to the system nodes, and

disconnection ability of the breakers for voltage level: 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV was used

a more complex model, which includes the entire region of South-East Europe, model

which contains the order parameters of positive, negative and nular elements of the network.

To calculate the short circuit currents in the transmission network are implemented the

method of calculation according to the IEC 60909 standard.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Power System is analyzed for the most unfavorable conditions during the maximum load

on the network. Operating conditions and system performance depends on network

configuration, interconnection flows and connection of existing generators.

Transmission system performance in details, is analyze for the network configuration: 2009,

2011, 2013 and 2014.

Models 2010 and 2012 are analyzed, but due to non-relevant changes to the results of

simulations these are not present in this paper, based on the fact that the main developments

in reinforcement of the network are planned to occur in the years that the computer analysis

are focused. Computer models in PSS/E of internal and regional network were made

according to the above-mentioned configuration taken into consideration the developments

in the regional transmission network.

6.2 Transmission network analysis with the topology before entering of

SS Peja 3 (October 2009)

Network capacity before the reinforcement was about 930 MW with all the

elements in the operation (N-Criteria), taking into account the consumption of the

Ferronikel industry which is connected at 220 kV with sufficient transmission capacity.

Major impact on network capacity variations play 110 kV and 220 kV cross-border lines HP

Fierza - SS Prizren 2 and the injection of the generation of HP Ujmani. Over 85% of

domestic consumption is transferred or transformed through autotransformers 220/110 kV

installed at three substations of 220/110 kV voltage level.

6.2.1 N security criteria analysis

For the 880 MW gross consumption in the transmission network, no overloaded

elements are reported, but depending on the change of power flows and consumption if the

value exceeds 930 MW, the network will have dangerous overloads. Results of simulations

for this period can be seen in Appendix A. (figure A-1, A-2 and A-3)

Network elements which currently represent bottlenecks are given in the following:


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Autotransformers 220/110 kV

110kV lines

In that time period was most critical lines L118/5 SS Prishtina 4 – SS Ferizaj, which

appeared more frequently and at criticalmbingarkim in case of exceeding the consumption

over 900 MW.

6.2.2 N – 1 security criteria analysis

During the load of 880 MW in October 2009 the N-1 security criteria is not filled for the

following:

- One line of 220 kV (L293/2)

- And eight lines of 110 kV

- Three 220/110 kV substations in the transformation aspect.

Eventual opening any of the above elements during the heavy consumption caused

critical overload in other elements of the Power System, which disconnected very fast as a

result of the overload protection and therefore succeed violent de-energizing of a large parts

of transmission network. The most critical case which can occur in the transmission system

is the failure of 220 kV line nr. 293/2 SG Drenasi 1 - SS Prizren 2, if the interconnection

lines SS Prizren 2 - HP Fierza is not operational for various reasons. In this case the

transmission system is faced with drastic loss of transmission capacity and the collapse of the

voltage in a large transmission network. For this reason, the maintenance time of this

interconnection line is settled for annual periods when the power flows are minimal.

Computer analysis (simulations with PSS/E in the model system) indicates that the

transmission network currently can meet the N-1 criteria for loads lower than 650 MW.

In Appendix A (Tables A-1 and A-2) is shown the results of the N-1 security criteria

analysis.

Outage of the line L293/2 SS Drenas- SS Prizren 2, is also considered critical failure since its

effects are regional in case the line 220 kV HP Fierza - SS Prizren 2 is in operation. In special

cases of higher imports of the Power System of Albania this failure will cause critical

overload in the interconnection lines of 220 kV SS V. Dejes – SS Podgorica, which connect


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning the Albanian and Montenegro systems’. This problem will be avoided after line 400 kV SS

Podgorica – SS Tirana 2 will become operational.

6.2.3 Voltage profile and losses

Transmission network before reinforcements topology facing the low level problem

of the voltage in the distribution node, which is far from generation resources and strong

network nodes. This problem is emphasized in periods of high consumption wherein active

and reactive energy losses risk the voltage collapse part of the network. In the following

figure is given the voltage profile in the 110 kV network node during the operation of the

Power System in the load of 880 MW.

The figure 6-1 shows that areas with greater deviation (the valley curve) of the

voltage are the western area of Kosovo (Burimi – Peja - Decani) and south-eastern area of

Kosovo (Ferizaj - Viti - Gjilan-). With the increase of consumption above the value of 930

MW in the above mentioned areas it occurs the voltage collapse. In the case of outage of the

critical elements that do not meet the N-1 criteria, the level of voltage droped drastically in

areas affected by the critical collapse of the network. So we can say that N-1 criteria, in terms

of voltage security stability in eight cases of collapse are not met.

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

KOSOVA A

VUSHTRRI 2

VUSHTRRI

TREPÇA

VALLAÇI

BURIMI

PEJAPEJA

2

DEÇANI

GJAKOVA 1

GJAKOVA 2

KLINA

PRIZRENI 2

PRIZRENI 1

PRIZRENI 3

THERANDA

FERIZAJI

SHARRI

VITIJA

BERIVOJCA

GJILANI

PRISHTINA 4

PRISHTINA 1

PRISHTINA 2

PRISHTINA 3

PRISHTINA 5

BARDHI

LIPJA

NI

U(k

V)

Umin Umax

Figure 6-1. Voltage profile in the network 110 kV before entering into operation SS Peja 3- for 880 MW

consumption


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From the diagram of the voltage profile can be seen that the level of voltage in a number

of 110 kV substations it was not satisfactory. Considerably high level of drop in the voltage

it was in SS Peja 1 and SS Peja 2. Operation of the Kosovo Power System with these

parameters was quite difficult and not optimal. It all reflected in the increase of active and

reactive losses, depreciation of equipment and the quality of the transmitted energy.

Reasons for such great fall of voltage the above mentioned areas was the lack of strong

injection node, the large distance from the generating sources (reactive power transmission

in a distance caused a significant drop in voltage and increased active and reactive losses),

110 kV lines with 150mm2 sections and very high consumption.

The voltage profile in the area that includes the node: Vushtrria, Trepça, Vallaçi, Burimi

and Peja deteriorated if HP Ujmani was not operational.

Quite sensitive problem in the planning of the transmission network are the losses in

transmission. These losses represent a heavy burden for any independent operator of

transmission system. Identifying the elements that cause the biggest annual loss is a

determinant factor of selecting the best options to strengthen the transmission network.

In table A-3 of Appendix A can be seen the participation of the active and reactive power

losses of the system elements during consumption of 880 MW.

Based on the level of voltage lines, their natural strength and power flows can be

observed that 400 kV lines generate reactive power, 220 kV lines work in almost natural

regime, while a number of 110 kV lines are absorption of the reactive power due to the large

decrease of the voltage at the end of the line.

The 110 kV lines cause the greatest losses in the transmission network with a participation of

63% of total losses for time period October 2009. In the table A-3 of Annex A can be seen

the participation of the active and reactive power losses based on the voltage level.

Percentage of power losses at the time of maximum load of 880 MW was 3.46%. This

percentage was increasing significantly with increase of consumption over 900 MW.


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6.3 Transmission network situation analysis – end of 2009


The network is analyzed with the topology system at the end of 2009 and the

projected consumption 1072 MW. Computer simulations show that there are no overloaded

elements. Results of simulations are presented in figure (A-4, A-5 and A-6) of Annex A.

After completion of the project, the network transmission capacity will increase from 930

MW to 1250 MW (34%). Even for period with maksimum load in system, network has

sufficient safety margin always referring to the Ncriteria.

In figure A-7 in Appendix A is presented a detailed single line diagram of EES of

Republic of Kosovo after the implementation of the projects mentioned earlier.

6.3.2 N – 1 security criteria analysis

Network performance in terms of N–1 operation, was analyzed with maximum

consumption of 1072 MW estimated for 2009. For each element one by one are simulated

outages, wherein the network is monitored in terms of the effect of these power flows

decline in the strength and level of voltage elements in bus bars, always with reference to

technical requirements of the Planning Code regarding the N-1 security criteria.

Computer analyses show a very positive effect of reinforcement of the transmission

network in improving the N – 1 security performance criteria. Out of the 11 lines that do

not meet the N–1 criteria, after reinforcements this number reduced to 7, two of which are

radial lines. While the three substations that do not meet the N–1 criteria in terms of

transformation, after reinforcement remains SS Prishtina 4 and SS Peja 3, which has only

one autotransformer.

In tab.A-4 and A-5 in Appendix A can be seen the list of critical elements, which

outage causes overload of the network elements. Most critical lines in terms of safety criteria

remain N-1 remain 110 kV lines SS Prishtina 4 – SS Gjilani 1 and SS Gjakova 1 - SS

Gjakova 2. The network may operate according to criteria N-1 up to 810 MW consumption

without taking into account both the radial lines (Lipjan, Rahovec).

In figure 6-2 can be seen values of transmission capacity of transmission network

(criteria N and N-1) in relation to load development for the years 2008-2009.


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Fig. 6-2 Development of the transmission network capacities that are planned related to consumption from

2008 until beginning of 2010


The main impacts of projects under implementation in the transmission network

result in significant improve of the voltage profile, which in some parts of the 110 kV

transmission network previously did not meet even minimum technical requirements. Two

key projects that affect the level of voltage rising in almost all nodes of 110 kV level are:

project Peja 3 and Project for the conversion of line L212 in 110 kV line. These two projects

will provide sufficient active and reactive power injections to the currently weakest,

optimizing other branches of the network, contributing directly to increased levels of voltage

and reducing the power losses. In figure 6-3 are shown two diagrams of the voltage profiles

before and after reinforcement innetwork. Clearly can be seen the effects of projects in

almost proportional increase in the level of voltage. All nodes in the level of voltage are

within the limits allowed in full compliance with the Grid Code.


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Figure. 6-3 Profile comparison of the voltages before and after the reinforcement in 2009

The effect of reinforcements in the network in loss reduction is very large. In order

to identify the elements participating in the losses they are divided by level of voltage and

transformation losses. Computer calculations give results which are presented in Table A-6

of Annex A.

Percentage of total power losses at peak winter hours at 1072 MW, with reinforced

topology of the network in 2009, are 2.83%. By comparing these losses with the losses

calculated in the previous network topology and consumption of 880 MW, transmission

network reinforcements in 2009, will enable significant reduction of power losses from

3.46% to 2.83%. Such improvement would be a very important factor in economic terms for

KOSTT and for the Power system in general, as effects on the reinforcement of the

transmission network will reflect positively on the distribution network.

6.4 Technical analysis of the transmission network (year - 2011)

In the following are present the assessments of the analysis of the network with

energy configuration at the end of 2011, wherein are included all projects of that time period

presented at chapter 5.


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The network is analyzed in computer model with network topology at the end of

2011 and the projected consumption in 1112 MW. In figure A-12 of Appendix A, can be

seen the single line diagram of the EES of Kosovo - 2011. Implementation of the project

400/110 kV SS Ferizaj 2, installment of the third transformer in SS Prishtina 4, second

transformer in SS Peja 3, connection of SS Lipjan in line L112, allocation of the lines L1806

from SS Gjakova 2 in SS Gjakova 1, and increase of capacities of few 110 kV lines will

impact in further improvement of the transmitting capacities in the transmission network.

After completion of the above mentioned projects, the network transmission capacity will

increase from 1250 MW to 1550 MW, which means that the transmission network would

pass from consolidation phase to more advanced phase, with 66.7% increase of transmission

capacity compared to the current situation. For consumption of 1112 MW the transmission

network operates in high security margins. In the network cannot be noticed any overloading

elements and voltage in all nodes are in the permitted limits as per Grid Code.

6.4.2 N -1 security criteria analysis

There were simulated outages for each element one by one, where the network is

monitored in terms of the effect of these power flows decline in the elements and level of

voltage in bus bars, always with reference to technical requirements of the Planning Code

regarding the N-1 security criteria.

The fall of line L293/SS Drenas 2 - SS Prizren 2, will not cause overload in the transmission

network of Albania due to the operation of the line 400 kV SS Podgorica - SS Tirana, which

in 2010 will enter become operational.

Computer analysis shows the positive effect of reinforcement in terms of improving

security performance criteria N-1. Just a radial line that supply SS Rahoveci do not meet the

criteria N-1, while all other elements meet the criteria N-1. Simulations show that network

transmission capacity for N-1 value will reach 1100 MW.

In figure 6-4 is presented the diagram that shows the development of transmission

capacity from 2009 until 2011.


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Figure 6-4 Development of the transmission network capacities that are planned related to consumption from


From the diagram can be seen that in terms of meeting the criteria N, the network

has sufficient security margin towards the consumtion, while in terms of N – 1 security

criteria as soon as the SS Ferizaj 2 and second transformer in SS Peja 3 are operational, for

the first time they will meet the N – 1 security criteria, not considering a radial line. But with

continuing growth of consumption the fulfillment of N – 1 security criteria could not be

completed in its entirety at the time of maximum load.


Crucial projects affecting the level of increase of voltage in bus bars of 110 kV are:

Project Ferizaj 2 and increase of the capacity of 110 kV transmission lines. In figure 6-5 is

shown two diagrams of the voltage profiles before and after reinforcement of the time

period 2011. Can clearly seen the effects of projects in almost proportional increase in the

level of voltage. In all distribution nodes the voltage level are within the limits allowed and

close to the nominal value of 110 kV in full compliance with the Grid Code.

500600700800900

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

2009Q1 2009Q2 2009Q3 2009Q4 2010Q1 2010Q2 2010Q3 2010Q4 2011Q1 2011Q2 2011Q3 2011Q4 2012Q1

MW

Capacity/N (MW) Consumptioni (MW) Capacity /N-1 (MW)


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Figure. 6-5 Comparison of the voltages profile 2009 - 2011

Creation of a strong node in SS Ferizaj 2, and reinforcement in the capacity of some

110 kV lines, will significantly contribute in the further reductions of the active and reactive

losses in the transmission system. In the table A-12, Annex A, are presented the losses in the

transmission network. Active power losses at 1112 MW foreseen for 2011 are 25.8 MW or

2.32%. Also reactive power losses are significantly reduced because of the increase of the

voltage at the consumption points.



energy configuration at the end of 2013, wherein are included all projects of that period



The network is analyzed with a computer model with the system topology end of

2013 and the projected consumption in 1188 MW. Computer model includes a new 400 kV

line SS Kosovo B - SS Tirana 2, which is expected by the end of 2012 to become

operational. The impacts of this line in terms of power flows will be positive enough, since


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning two neighboring systems of Kosovo and Albania after a very long time with a weak

interconnection will strengthen capacities of interconnection from 200 MW to 800 MW,

after l400 kV ine becomes operational. In figure A-23, Appendix A can be seen the net flows

of regional powers after entering in operation 400 kV line SS Kosovo B - SS Tirana 2.

In terms of internal network in 2013 there will be no major changes to increase

network transmission capacity as in 2011, which mean that the transmission capacity will

increase in the value of 1600 MW.

In 2012 and 2013 will continue the re-vitalization of 110 kV lines and substations.

Computer simulations shows solid characteristics of performance of the transmission

network, with sufficient safety margin. No overloaded elements, while the most loaded

element would be 110 kV lines: SS Peja 3 – SS Peja 1, with the load of 70%. In figure A-14,

A-15 and A-16 of Appendix A, can be seen the results of simulations. This line represents

the first limit after 2014 in relation with consumption estimated by the average growth

scenario.

6.5.2 N-1 security criteria analysis

There were simulated outages for each element one by one, wherein the network is

monitored in terms of the effect of these flows decline in the strength and level of voltage

elements in bus bars, always with reference to technical requirements of the Planning Code

regarding the N-1 security criteria.

Computer analysis shows the positive effect of reinforcement in terms of improving

N-1 security criteria. Only the radial line that supplies SS Rahoveci does not meet the N-1

criteria, while all other elements meet the criteria N-1. Simulations shows that network

transmission capacity for N-1 value will reach 1188 MW. In figure 6-6 attached is a diagram

that shows the development of transmission capacity from 2009 to 2013


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The level of voltage in 2013 will be optimal. In all the 110 kV nodes the voltage will

be within the limits allowed under the Grid Code. In figure 6-7 can be seen the voltage

profile, which in most of the 110 kV bus bars is close to the nominal value. Significant

improvement of the voltage will directly affect the optimal balance of Power System in

terms of reactive power flows, while the effects will be seen not only in reducing losses in

transmission network but also in the distribution.


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Figure 6-7 Profile voltages in 2013

Active power losses during maximum load of 1188 MW will be 24.3 MW or 2.04%

(see tab. A-12 in Appendix A). For the first time during the peak hours transmission system

in terms of reactive power will be almost balanced. Significant impact on increasing the

reactive power injection will have the line 400 kV SS Kosovo B - SS Tirana 2 from which on

the 400 kV bus bars of SS Kosova B will be injected a considerable amount of reactive

power capacitative.



energy configuration at the end of 2014, wherein are included all projects of that period



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The network is analyzed with a computer model with the system topology end of

2014 and the projected consumption in 1217 MW. In fig A-21, Appendix A, single line

diagram of Power System Kosovo can be seen in the configuration of the network by 2014.

In this computer model is included a new 110 kV line SS Peja 1 – SS Peja 3 and

reinforcement of the 110 kV line SS Peja 2 - SS Decani.

After completing the above projects the network transmission capacity will be able to

accommodate 1700 MW. For the estimated consumption the network operates under

normal conditions of the energy parameters, at the safety margin of 483 MW in terms of

criteria N. Increased network capacity provided by the optimization of the power flows in

the network of Dukagjin area, after construction of a new 110 kV line SS Peja 3 - SS Peja 1.

The network is characterized by great optimization opportunities of the power flows, taking

into account the maintenance process, which even in times of large loads can be

accomplished. In figure A-18, A-19 and A-20 in Appendix A, is given the flow of power and

level of loading of the lines and transformers, calculated by computer simulations in PSS /

E in the model network 2014.

6.6.2 N-1 security criteria analysis

Network performance in terms of N-1 security criteria remains within the allowed limits.

No line or transformer is detected, whose collapse would create overload at the other

elements in the Power System. The network will meet the N-1 criteria at almost critical

limit. Network capacity in terms of meeting the N-1 security criteria for a configuration of

2014 will be 1220 MW.

Computer simulations at the model 2014 detect two 110 kV lines: L164/3 SS Prizren 1 - SS

Prizren 2 and line L1139/1 SS Prishtina 3 - SS Kosovo A, collapse of which will cause load

next to the thermal capacity of the lines L1804 SS Prizren 2 - SS Prizren 3, respectively

L1202 SS Prishtina 2 - SS Prishtina 4. This fact indicates that the region of Prishtina and

Prizren need new distribution nodes directly connected in the powerful nodes of the

transmission network in order to download the discharge substations 110/ x kV lines and

their interconnected lines. New substations planned by KEK - Distribution presented in


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning chapter 7 for the area of Prishtina (SS Prishtina 6, SS Prishtina 7, and SS Fushe Kosova) and

the area of Prizren (SS Dragash) will enable optimizing the 110 kV network but also the

discharged of 110 kV level distribution substations. In figure 6-8 can be seen a diagram that

shows the development of transmission capacity in the planned first five-years.


2009 until the end of 2014


The level of voltage in 2014 would be optimal but close to nominal values. In all 110

kV nodes the voltage will be within the limits allowed under the Grid Code. The voltage can

be evenly controlled through the voltage regulators at substations 400/110 kV and 220/110

kV.


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Fig. 6-9 Voltage profiles in 2014

Also, active and reactive power flows of 220 kV and 110 kV lines could be optimized so that

losses of active and reactive power could be minimized.

Active power losses during the maximum load 1217 MW will be 24.9 MW or 2.046%. If

compared with 2013 losses can be said that in 2014 there is a relatively low increase in the

level of losses as a result of continued growth of consumption.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 7. FAULT CURRENTS IN THE TRANSMISSION NETWORK

7.1 Introduction

This chapter examines the problem level of fault currents in all bus bars of 400 kV, 220 kV

and 110 kV voltage level. Review of fault currents or three phases and one phase to ground

short circuit level was made for periods in relation to the planned developments in

transmission network and the overall Kosovo Power System.

7.2 Calculation of fault currents level

Kosovo Power System is strongly interconnected to regional transmission network

400 kV and 220 kV. Relevant supplies of fault currents which are characterized by serious

impact on system security are concentrated in two main substations of the system: SS

Kosovo B and SS Kosovo A. In these two substations are connected all existing TP plants.

The objective of the study of short circuits is assessment of the impact of fault currents in

the security of the system. Fault currents in 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV bus bars will be

calculated in accordance with Policy 3 of the Handbook of ENTSO-E.

The basic aim of this study is to identify the bus bars in which the level of fault currents

exceeds breaking capacities of the existing breaker and determination of security margin of

all installed breakers or those that will be installed in the transmission system in Kosovo.

7.2.1 Mathematical model, calculation methodology and applied software

In order to determine the maximum fault currents in transmission system of Kosovo

and the impact of neighboring systems in these currents, in study was used regional model

which include 13 models of integrated Power System of the countries of South-Eastern

Europe. For this analysis is also used software PSS/E 32. Part of the network which is

interconnected with this model it’s equivalented to the Teveneni network (method for

simulations of models in the case of large networks).

Calculation methodology is based on the IEC 90609 standard. Maximum effective value of

the sub-transient component of the total fault currents three-phase and one-phase with

ground, is applied to every bus bars of level 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV. In this case the


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning generators are equivalented according to their sub-transient reactance X "d. The time of

100ms is considered as the time of fault elimination.

Based on IEC 90609 standard, calculations are made for no load operation, while

the initial conditions of the equivalented network voltage of the Tevenen is taken as 1.1Un.

Ik” = Effective value of the fault currents

ip = The initial amplitude of the fault currents

Ik= Continual fault currents

idc = Dc component of the fault currents

A = Initial value of the dc component of idc

Figure 7-1 Form of the fault currents and its components

7.2.2 Features of the power circuits of the transmission network

In the transmission system currently in the existing substations of KOSTT are installed

different types of circuit breakers in terms of producers. While in terms of types of

dielectrical medium for extinguish electric arch are installed two types of breakers:

Oil circuits and

Gas circuits SF6

The old generation of the breakers have usually used oil as a dielectric medium for

extinguish the arch, while new generations of breakers use SF6 gas with a dielectric

characteristic and much better durability.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning Breakres with SF6 medium for arch extinguish represent necessary standard of breakers for

installation in transmission network. Also this kind of breaker has general features

significantly better than oil breakers, as in electro-mechanical stability during the process of

normal connections and disconnection, or the occurrence of fault currents.

KOSTT systematically is replacing the oil breakers with the new breakers within the re-

vitalizing projects of the existing substations. Disconnection capacity of circuit breakers is

different starting from 16.5 kA, 18.3 kA, 23 kA, 31.5 kA and 40 kA. The safety margin of the

breakers and other high voltage equipments is estimated by recognizing the level of faults

currents failures in a long-term domain that can occur in all substations and compared with

the level of disconnection capacities of the breakers.

7.3 Results of the calculated fault currents

Based on IEC 60909 standard, are calculated three-phase and one-phase to ground short

circuit for voltage levels 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV of the transmission network.

Calculation of currents is made in computer models in relation to the project development

under the network configuration: 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2014.

For the period 2015-2019 the breaking currents were not calculated in details due to

uncertainty in the development of new generation capacity (capacity and time) and their

interconnection configuration in the transmission network, which are essential in

determining the level of fault currents. In Chapter 8 in a generalize manner are presented the

effects of installing new generators to increase the value of fault currents in the domain of

the second five year planning period, starting from the lowest scenario development of

generating units of PP New Kosovo, HP Zhuri and different potentials from energy parks

that have wind generation which will eventually be installed in Shtime region.

7.3.1 Assessments of the calculated fault currents (2009)

Results of simulation of three-phase and one-phase fault currents with ground for network

configuration according to the latest situation in 2009 based on the IEC 60909 standards is

presented in Table B-1 of Annex B.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning The results of computer calculations in PSS/E show greater level of short circuit power in

two main substations, SS Kosovo A and SS Kosovo B, which are very close to generating

resources and supplies from the powerful interconnection of 400 kV.

At 220 kV bus bars at SS Kosovo B the one phase to ground short circuit at a value

of 26.92 kA represents the largest electricity transmission network. Also in the SS Kosovo A

at the both levels of voltage the one phase to ground short circuit are relatively large at 25.81

kA (at 220 kV) and 24.03 kA (110 kV). All breakers installed in the above mentioned

substations have adequate margin of safety, since they have the necessary disconnecting

capacity of 40 kA. All 110 kV substations that are near SS Kosovo A (area of Prishtina) are

characterized by large fault currents. Results of calculating the level of fault currents lead to

the following conclusions:

Breakers installed in the SS Palaj have no safety margin and as such should be replaced with

SF6 circuits, with a disconnection capacity of 40 kA.

Other breakers have sufficient safety margin. Their disconnection capacity towards fault currents

level is within the limits allowed under the IEC standards for the high voltage disconnection

equipments.

Plans for re-vitalizing of substations SS Peja 1, SS Gjakova 1 etc will help increase the safety

margin of these substations, which have very old breakers installed that does not guarantee

the stated nominal stability.


The development of the network and change of the configuration change affects the

values of fault currents. Creating a new 400 kV node in SS Ferizaj 2, will significantly affect

the increase of fault currents in substations connected to it and beyond. Also impedance

reduction of 110 kV lines due to their reinforcement impacts the growth of fault currents.

Table B-2 of Annex B, presents the results of the calculation of fault currents for

configurations in 2011.

In the table can be seen that all bus bars of the transmission system have an increase

of the values of fault currents. Biggest increase happened in the area near SS Ferizaj 2


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning wherein the SS Ferizaj 1 the fault currents from the current values Ik3 = 6.9 kA and Ik1 = 7

kA will be increase in Ik3 = 19.3 and Ik1 = 19.8, which represents nearly tripling of the level

of fault currents. Therefore, preliminarily are replaced all breakers in this substation 110 kV

with breakers of 40 kA capacity.

Based on the plan for re-vitalization of substations in relation to the disconnection capacity

of high voltage equipments and values calculated for the fault currents in the system for

configuration 2011 can be concluded that:

There is a significant increase in the level of fault currents at substations associated with NS

Ferizaj 2.

All circuit breakers installed in the transmission network has sufficient margin of safety.

Plans for re-vitalizing of substations SS Peja 1, SS Gjakova 1 etc will help increase the safety

margin of these substations, which have very old breakers installed that does not guarantee

the stated nominal stability.

7.3.3 Assessments of the calculated breaking currents (2013)

Putting into operation of 400 kV line SS Kosovo B - SS Tirana 2, will significantly affect the

increase of fault currents in the transmission network, especially in SS Kosovo A and B.

Table B-3 of Annex B shows the results of the calculation of fault currents for

configurations in 2013.

From the results in the table it can be seen that the fault currents in SS Kosovo A and SS

Kosovo B have an increase of 5% from the current situation.

At 220 kV bus bars in SS Kosovo B the short circuit single-phase currents at a value of 28.4

kA represents the largest currents in the transmission network.

Based on the plan for re-vitalization of substations in relation to the disconnection capacity

of high voltage equipments and values calculated for the fault currents in the system for

configuration 2012/2013 can be concluded that:

All circuit breakers installed in the transmission network has sufficient safety margin but in many

of them this margin is reduced from 3% to 5% caused by increased levels of fault currents.


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Increase of fault currents is caused by the 400 kV line SS Kosovo B - SS Tirana 2 become

operational.

Plans for further re-vitalization of the substations 110/x kV will help increase the safety

margin of high voltage equipment.


Fault currents calculated in the computer model for 2014 does not differ much from

2013 since there are not many relevant developments of new generating capacity or of the

powerful 400 kV network. Table B-4 of Annex B presents the results of calculation of fault

currents for 2014 configurations.

All circuit breakers installed in the transmission network has sufficient margin of safety

Plans for re-vitalizing of the SS Gjilan 1 would help in increasing the safety margin of this

substation.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 8. POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSMISSION

NETWORK (2010-2019)

8.1 Introduction

Due to high uncertainties in the planning process, the second five years planning periods of

2015-2019 will be considered as a conceptual plan which identifies the harsh details of future

developments, potentially necessary for the transmission system, based on signals coming

from KEK – Distribution System Operator, industry sector and new conventional

generators, or those from renewable sources, namely wind generation resources.

It is certain that Kosovo is expected to have increase in economic development, so the

demand for energy is expected to have annual average increase of 3%. Also in this planning

period is expected to install new thermal and hydro generation capacities. Climate changes,

have contributed greatly in subsidizing the renewable sources of energy, not only in Europe

but throughout the globe. Even in our country many investors have expressed interest to

invest in the installation of substantial capacity of Wind Energy Parks. Access KOSTT to

third parties that express interest involved in the transmission network is the same and non

discriminatory.

In terms of development potential consumption it is expected that in some areas of Kosovo

to have the largest increase consumption than in some other areas. This is reflected in long

term development plan of KEK – Distribution System Operator under which are planned

the necessary reinforcement of distribution network. List of projects planned by KEK –

Distribution System Operator which relate to the 110 kV network and possible options in

the transmission network connection are presented in Appendix C. These projects will be

considered conceptual unless applied for connection in transmission network and while their

implementation is considered credible.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 8.2 Possible 400 kV network developments in relation to the generation

development.

Putting into operation of 400 kV interconnection line in SS Kosovo B - SS Tirana 2

and other relevant regional 400 kV line SS Podgorica – SS Tirana will bring the transmission

systems of three countries: Kosovo, Albania, Montenegro into much more advanced

position by eliminating bottlenecks in the 220 kV network and increasing transfer capacities

of the interconnection lines.

But Long-term Energy Balances foreseen of countries in the region including Power

System of Italy, Greece and Turkey show numerous developments in appropriate aspects of

the growth of new generating capacity to cover national consumption which are steadily

increasing. Still many countries of South-East Europe for a long time will have a deficit to

cover the demand from their own sources. Croatia, Hungary, Greece, Italy, Turkey will be

countries with high energy deficit. Three countries Italy, Greece and Turkey will face a

deficit of high consumption in summer season from the fact that they develop the tourism

sector. Many countries have ambitious plans to increase generating capacity of conventional

type (PP and HP) and wind-generating capacity, but their implementation is still within the

uncertainties of the high investment in South-east Europe region, referring to the global

economy crisis which has influenced the uncertainty for the implementation of these

ambitious projects. Kosovo is known for its large reserves of primary energy resources of

lignite-based and according to the national energy strategy, the development of new

generation capacities are plans through projects such as: PP New Kosovo, HP Zhuri and a

substantial number of small hydro plant stations.

The transmission network will enable the generation development, proper supply of

consumers and inter-state exchanges of the energy. Future development of the high voltage

network of 400 kV in Kosovo and region depends on many factors. Main factors are

presented in the following:

New generation capacities development, and capacity, location and time when they will

become operational.


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Long-term Energy Balances of the countries in the region which determine the exchanges

quantity between the exporting and importing countries.

Integration of the generation capacities from the renewable resources with a special

emphasis in the wind energy of the Power System of the countries in the region etc. Also the developments in the optimal re-configuration of the network 110 kV in relation to

the 400 kV network will depend on the above mentioned factors.

If in the long term period in the Kosovo Power System will be installed the

generating capacity of more than 1000 MW, it is necessary to have further developments in

the 400 kV network in order to meet the security requirements of the operation of the

transmission network. In this case must be considered de-commissioning of PP Kosovo A,

which is expected to occur by 2017.

Currently our 400 kV network has star-type configuration, where in the centre of the

star we have the key generation injections. Increase of the generation capacity more than

1000 MW, almost in the same location with the current configuration will lead to risk of the

system operation. For this reason the current star configuration, must be converted to 400

kV ring configuration which is characterized as highly flexible network in terms of meeting

the security criteria. These developments should occur in long-term domain, perhaps in the

period 2017-2019, which fully depends on the development of new generation capacities in

Kosovo. In table 8-8 is shown a ring configuration option of 400 kV network.

Configuration shown in the drawing below will enable the accommodation of new

generating capacity higher than 1000 MW. To create the ring in the area of Prizren, which is

considered the largest consumer nodes there should be build a new substation SS Prizren 4,

400/110 kV a similar substation with SS Peja 3 and SS Ferizaj 2. This substation will be

connected with SS Ferizaj 2, 400 kV line, 47km with SS Ferizaj 2 and through 400 kV lines,

35km in the switch gear 400 kV close to Gajkova. Installation of new generating capacity

and re-configuration of 400 kV network will significantly affect the increase of fault currents

level, especially in the network close to the generating resources. Most affected will be the SS

Kosovo B, SS Kosovo A and all substations built in the Prishtina region.


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Figure 8- 1Ppossible long term vision of the configuration of the Kosovo’s 400 kV network


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 9. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

9.1 Environmental caution

Based on the KOSTT Transmission Development Plan 2010-2019, the

environmental issues should have an appropriate place in the planning. Continuous caution

for environment will be part of the overall KOSTT Policy and engagement of this police is

addressed in the certification of KOSTT with ISO 14001:2004 Standard. KOSTT

Development Plan will take measures to prevent and correct any mistake that is referred to

the environmental protection in accordance with the internal and external legal bases.

Negative impacts mainly include terms of the impact of electromagnetic fields (EMF), noise

and visual impact on the environment (more important effects).

9.2 Environmental problems in the transmission system

One can say that the Environmental problems in the transmission system is divided into following:

• Environmental problems caused by the lines, and • Environmental problems caused by the substations

9.2.1 Environmental problems caused by the lines

Today when needed energy necessary for the development of our country, appeared

in the Development Plan, we need to adjust the priority of claims being aware of their

impact on the environment. Therefore we can say that the priority is set towards a necessary

development of electricity transmission of high voltage (during the above elaboration this

need is reflected and justified), not eliminate the need to minimize the possible impacts on

the environment. Most of the lines pass through the agricultural areas, while a little less of

those lines that pass on the mountain ecosystems where their impact is not so expressed.

From the aspect of electromagnetic radiation, greater influence has the industrial frequency

electromagnetic fields. The research of harmful effects of this type of non-ionizing radiation

on man have not yet given the final answer, but it should be noted that nowadays there is a


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning special interest for the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on electrical equipment as

well as on the living creatures, especially on people. On the moment of the legal sanction of

electromagnetic impact this plan will take into consideration and will be subject to TDP's

implementation.

In the future appropriate recordings should be done and adaption to the

requirements recommended by World Health Organization. Also it should forwarded to any

cause of a wrong automatice action, reduced signal – noise report in communications

equipment and data transmit, etc.

9.2.2 Environmental problems caused by the substations

Besides occupying the surfaces substations carry the biggest visual changes in their

surroundings, but in aesthetic terms do not affect significantly, since under the rules they

should be located outside residential areas. The continuous noise caused (transformers work)

or the non-continuous work (disconnection equipment/circuits), the most direct impact on

the environment of substations, and due to vegetation relief is rarely transferred to the

residential areas, but in the substations location is likely to have greater value than those

allowed.

In modern equipment disconnection/circuits, is present the inert gas, not dangerous to

human health, but with undesirable impact on the ozone cover and toxic products in small

concentrations, caused during the process of working of equipments.

Having in mind that there are strict procedures in accordance with rules therefore the

procedures of using SF6 circuits, proposed that the implementation of SF6 technology, the

maintenance to be instructured after several decades of exploitation, so that the risk index

will be brought to minimum. Large quantities of synthetic oils found in powert transformers,

while a little less in the high voltage equipment. Having in mind that oils possess a high

potential for environmental pollution, adequate measures are taken, such as the construction

of collecting pool and protection for collections of any oil leakage. These pools at the same

time are a kind of prevention in cases of large failures likely to occur.


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 9.3 Caution on the other environmental impacts

At a time when the need for more and more energy is growing, the real impact on

the environment and aims for qualitative protection of this segment including this TDP that

supports the following:

• Reduction of emissions in water, air and land

• Increase of energy efficiency

• Enforcing preventive measures in order to reduce the number of accidents

• Development of systems for data collection and database (electronic forms)

• Reduction of parts and equipment that are outdated, etc

All these are implemented in preliminarily planned time frames, as:

• Reducing the damage done in the past

• Reduce the impact of ongoing activity in the relevant sector, and

• Prevention of pollution from activities in the future (e.g. EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment

and preventive measures in proper reduction)

9.4 Environmental plans

In favor of the implementation of the requirements for environmental protection is

the well supported initiative in setting environmental policy in KOSTT which is under the

procedure to be adopted. Clear definition of environmental issues in KOSTT and

orientation on what will be done to control the environment, means planning. Planning is

accomplished through new projects, which are followed by the Environmental Impact

Assessment. The implementation is started by established the organizational structure, staff

responsibilities, competencies and training. Communication practices, control of documents

and procedures, operational control and emergency preparation, define the operational part

of the program. These points are also included in the EMS Manual (Environmental

Management System) which will document a program that has determined objectives and

targets to be achieved. This Manual was developed and has 18 procedures included. These,

along with routine audits that are done within the year 2008, 2009 and the first three months


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning of 2010, reporting the situation recorded along with appropriate recommendations,

constitute a program of controlling acts and corrective ones in EMS. Finally, a review of

routine management activities is lowed by the highest level in KOSTT.

The long term environmental planning will support the benefit and KOSTT development

plan, by aiming:

Proper financial management, which directs a better environmental control Therefore in KOSTT will be included all operational parts that have impact in environment

but by controlling the costs and its impact in the general budget.

Apart from the above mentioned we should also respect:

• Internal legislation (environment, energy)

• EU Legislation (environment, energy)

• Technical codes in KOSTT

• International standards and norms etc.

We have to work on the improvement and update of the new technologies and in

improvement of the infrastructure of the operation system (SCADA) and transmission

system (construction of the double and triple lines)


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning 10. REFERENCES

In this report the references were made from the following published studies and reports:

[1] Transmission Network Development Plan 2007-2013 /KOSTT

[2] Long term energy balance 2009-2018/KOSTT

[3] Generation Adequacy Plan 2009-2015/KOSTT

[4] List of new Transmission Capacities and Interconnection Lines 2009-2015/KOSTT

[5] Grid Code – second edition /KOSTT

[6] Electrical Equipment Code/KOSTT

[7] Transmission Connection Charging Methodology /KOSTT

[8] Transmission System Security and Planning Standards/KOSTT

[9] Operating Security Standards/KOSTT

[10] Electrical Standard Code/KOSTT

[11]. Distribution Code/KOSTT-KEK

[12] ESTAP I, Module C: “Power Transmission Master Plan”, (CESI et al, 2002), World

Bank Grant #TF-027991.

[13] ESTAP II: Feasibility Study for the Kosova – Albania 400 kV Transmission

Interconnection Project (CESI, September 2005), World Bank Grant #H048

[14] UCTE Operation Handbook, Last version

[15] Energy strategy of Kosovo/MEM


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Department ; SYSTEM OPERATOR Sector: System development and long term planning [16] (GIS) Generation Investment Study, REBIS (Regional Balkan Infrastructure Study)

(The end of document)

Drafted Checked Approved

Name and Surname

Gazmend Kabashi Xhavit Sadiku Sabri Musiqi

Signature

Date 21.12.2009 17.05.2010 24.05.2010

Documents

Transmission Development Plan 2010-2019