TranslationsTranslations

Indeed, He will speak to this people Indeed, He will speak to this people through stammering lips and a foreign through stammering lips and a foreign

tongue (Isaiah 28:11).tongue (Isaiah 28:11).

• Ptolemy SoterPtolemy Soter– City of AlexandriaCity of Alexandria– Pharos LighthousePharos Lighthouse– Museum of AlexandriaMuseum of Alexandria

!Alexandria

• Ptolemy SoterPtolemy Soter– City of AlexandriaCity of Alexandria– Pharos LighthousePharos Lighthouse– Museum of AlexandriaMuseum of Alexandria

• Ptolemy PhiladelphusPtolemy Philadelphus

• Translation of the Translation of the Hebrew Scriptures into Hebrew Scriptures into GreekGreek

Aramaic TranslationAramaic Translation

• Translated Old and New Testament into Translated Old and New Testament into Aramaic (Syriac) in the 2Aramaic (Syriac) in the 2ndnd Century A.D. Century A.D.

• Peshitta means “simple” or “straight.”Peshitta means “simple” or “straight.”

• Did not originally include the General Did not originally include the General Epistles or Revelation.Epistles or Revelation.

JeromeJerome347-420347-420

• Traveled to Syria and learned Hebrew, later traveled through Palestine and Egypt

• Settled in Palestine where he devoted himself to writing

• Translated the Bible into Latin (Vulgate)

• Early English poetEarly English poet

• Had a monk translate Had a monk translate parts of the Bible into parts of the Bible into Anglo-SaxonAnglo-Saxon

• Put those portions of Put those portions of the Bible to musicthe Bible to music

680 A.D.680 A.D.

639 - 709639 - 709

• Bishop in southern EnglandBishop in southern England

• Latin scholarLatin scholar

• Translated portions of the Translated portions of the Psalms from the Vulgate Psalms from the Vulgate into Anglo-Saxoninto Anglo-Saxon

673-735673-735

• HistorianHistorian

• Ecclesiastical History Ecclesiastical History of the English Peopleof the English People

• Adopted the method Adopted the method of dating invented by of dating invented by Dionysius ExiguusDionysius Exiguus

• Translated Gospel of Translated Gospel of John into EnglishJohn into English

849-899849-899

• King of EnglandKing of England

• Mandated that all freeborn Mandated that all freeborn males learn to readmales learn to read

• Personally translated some Personally translated some of the Psalms into Englishof the Psalms into English

The Morning Star of the ReformationThe Morning Star of the Reformation(Died 1384)(Died 1384)

• Studied theology at Oxford

• Translated the Vulgate into English

• Lollards: “Poor priests”

• Bones exhumed and burned

The Morning Star of the ReformationThe Morning Star of the Reformation(Died 1384)(Died 1384)

These thingis Jesus spak; and These thingis Jesus spak; and whanne he hadde cast up hise whanne he hadde cast up hise

eyen into hevene, he seide: “Fadir, eyen into hevene, he seide: “Fadir, the our cometh; clairfie thi sone, the our cometh; clairfie thi sone, that thi sone clarifie thee; as thou that thi sone clarifie thee; as thou hast yovun to hym power on ech hast yovun to hym power on ech

fleische, that al thing that thou hast fleische, that al thing that thou hast yovun to hym, he yyve to hem yovun to hym, he yyve to hem

everlastynge liif.” (John 17:1-2). everlastynge liif.” (John 17:1-2).

1494-15361494-1536

• Translated the Translated the Bible into EnglishBible into English

• Condemned as a Condemned as a hereticheretic

• ““Lord, open the Lord, open the eyes of the king eyes of the king of England!”of England!”

Translation Date Description

Coverdale Coverdale BibleBible 15351535

Coverdale was Tyndale’s Coverdale was Tyndale’s assistant who worked from assistant who worked from

the Latin Vulgatethe Latin Vulgate

Matthew Matthew BibleBible 15371537 John Rogers used the pen John Rogers used the pen

name of Thomas Matthewname of Thomas Matthew

Great Great BibleBible 15391539 Second edition of Matthew Second edition of Matthew

Bible was largeBible was large

Geneva Geneva BibleBible 15571557

Translated by Calvin’s Translated by Calvin’s brother-in-law, William brother-in-law, William

WittinghamWittingham

16111611

• James VI of Scotland became James VI of Scotland became king of England in 1603king of England in 1603

• Millenary PetitionMillenary Petition

• Six Teams of TranslatorsSix Teams of Translators– Two at WestminsterTwo at Westminster– Two at OxfordTwo at Oxford– Two at CambridgeTwo at Cambridge

• Masoretic & Textus ReceptusMasoretic & Textus Receptus

Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away. 9 For we

know in part, and we prophesy in part. 10 But

when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away. 11 When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put

away childish things.

Love never fails; but if Love never fails; but if there there are gifts of are gifts of prophecy, they prophecy, they will be done away; if will be done away; if there there

are are tongues, they will cease; tongues, they will cease; if if there is there is knowledge, it will knowledge, it will be done away. be done away. 99 For we For we

know in part and we know in part and we prophesy in part; prophesy in part; 1010 but when but when the perfect comes, the partial the perfect comes, the partial will be done away. will be done away. 1111 When I When I was a child, I used to speak was a child, I used to speak like a child, think like a child, like a child, think like a child, reason like a child; when I reason like a child; when I became a man, I did away became a man, I did away

with childish things. with childish things.

Word for word Thought for thoughtWord for word Thought for thought

NASBNASB

ESVESVInterlinearInterlinear

KJVKJV

NKJVNKJV

NIVNIV

NLTNLT

MessageMessage

Living Living BibleBible

19521952

• Publication of the National Council of Publication of the National Council of ChurchesChurches

• Originally designed to be a revision of Originally designed to be a revision of the American Standard Version of 1903.the American Standard Version of 1903.

““The New Testament is quite faithful to the best The New Testament is quite faithful to the best Greek texts; the Old Testament often departs from Greek texts; the Old Testament often departs from

Hebrew for readings in Greek, Latin, Syriac, Hebrew for readings in Greek, Latin, Syriac, Aramaic, or just conjecture.” (Dr. William S. LaSor).Aramaic, or just conjecture.” (Dr. William S. LaSor).

19711971

• 58 scholars brought together by the 58 scholars brought together by the Lockman FoundationLockman Foundation.

• Critics argued it is too literal.Critics argued it is too literal.

• Updated in 1995.Updated in 1995.

““Considerable attention has been given to Considerable attention has been given to translation of verb tenses with the result that it translation of verb tenses with the result that it often sounds awkward and slightly pedantic.” often sounds awkward and slightly pedantic.”

(Robert H. Mounce, Professor of Religious Studies (Robert H. Mounce, Professor of Religious Studies at Western Kentucky University).at Western Kentucky University).

19781978

• Translation core group of 15 scholars Translation core group of 15 scholars with a team of around 100.with a team of around 100.

• Use of modern, easy-to-read English.Use of modern, easy-to-read English.

• Updated in 2011 to reflect gender Updated in 2011 to reflect gender neutral language.neutral language.

19781978

"We tried to avoid making a mechanical word "We tried to avoid making a mechanical word for word rendition, which is the tendency of for word rendition, which is the tendency of some versions that stress faithfulness to the some versions that stress faithfulness to the original languages. Our translators always original languages. Our translators always

asked, 'Knowing what the original writer was asked, 'Knowing what the original writer was trying to communicate, how would we say trying to communicate, how would we say

the same thing today?'" (Dr. Burton Goddard, the same thing today?'" (Dr. Burton Goddard, interview in Eternity Magazine).interview in Eternity Magazine).