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Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:1. ‘only if ’2. necessary and sufficient conditions3. dealing with time
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues1. ‘only if’
You qualify to be a DOCTOR only if you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL.
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:1. ‘only if’
You qualify to be a DOCTOR only if you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL.
H>D or D>H ?
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:1. ‘only if’
You qualify to be a DOCTOR only if you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL.
H>D
If you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL then you qualify to be a DOCTOR.
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:1. ‘only if’
You qualify to be a DOCTOR only if you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL.
H>D
If you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL then you qualify to be a DOCTOR.
TRUE
FALSE
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:1. ‘only if’
You qualify to be a DOCTOR only if you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL.
D>H
If you qualify to be a DOCTOR then you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL.
TRUE
TRUE
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:1. ‘only if’
You qualify to be a DOCTOR only if you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL.
D>H
If you qualify to be a DOCTOR then you graduated from HIGH SCHOOL.
TRUE
TRUE
Moral: ‘onlyif’ is a consequent indicator.
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:1. ‘only if’
Don’t confuse ‘only if’ with ‘if only’
If only I had LISTENED to my mother, I would be HAPPY today.
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:1. ‘only if’
Don’t confuse ‘only if’ with ‘if only’
If only I had LISTENED to my mother, I would be HAPPY today.
If I had LISTENED to my mother, I would be HAPPY today.
L>H
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:2. necessary and sufficient conditions
Necessary conditions are consequents.
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:2. necessary and sufficient conditions
Necessary conditions are consequents.
Graduating from HIGH SCHOOL is necessary for becoming a DOCTOR.
D>H
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:2. necessary and sufficient conditions
Sufficient conditions are antecedents.
RUNNING a red light is sufficient forgetting ARRESTED.
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:2. necessary and sufficient conditions
Sufficient conditions are antecedents.
RUNNING a red light is sufficient forgetting ARRESTED.
RUNNING a red light is enough.
R>A
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:3. Time
Don’t confuse ‘if then’ with ‘and then’.
Graduating from HIGH SCHOOL is necessary for becoming a DOCTOR.
Graduation “comes first”H>D
Translating ConditionalsSome more advanced issues:3. Time
Don’t confuse ‘if then’ with ‘and then’.
Graduating from HIGH SCHOOL is necessary for becoming a DOCTOR.
Graduation “comes first”H>D
D>H
WRONG
RIGHT
Antecedent Indicators
if provided thatshouldsufficient conditions
Consequent Indicators
then results inonly ifnecessary conditions
Summary
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