Transforming DoD Training: Observations, Direction, Challenges

72nd MORS SymposiumNaval Postgraduate School

23 June 2004

Joint Forces Ready to FightJoint Forces Ready to Fight

Dan GardnerDirector, Readiness and Training, Policy & Programs

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The Training Challenge in Today’s Security Environment:

• Dynamic, complex security environment• World of uncertainty and surprise

• Adaptive enemies

• Employ asymmetric approaches

• Non-traditional environments

• Skill set: war fighter - diplomat

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• Successfully Pursue the Global War on Terrorism

• Strengthen Combined / Joint Warfighting Capabilities

• Transform the Joint Force

• Optimize Intelligence Capabilities

• Counter Proliferation of WMD

• Improve Force Manning

• New Concepts of Global Engagement

• Homeland Security

• Further Streamline DoD Processes

• Reorganize DoD and the USG to Deal with Pre-War Opportunities and Post-War Responsibilities

Department of Defense Priorities

Transformation is a top U.S. Defense prioritySECDEF Legislative Priorities Memorandum Dated 17 Mar 04

“The centerpiece of our training transformation effort will be the Joint National Training Capability.”

Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, 9 April 2002

“The centerpiece of our training transformation effort will be the Joint National Training Capability.”

Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, 9 April 2002

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Training Transformation Vision and Capabilities

Provide dynamic, capabilities-based training for the Department of Defense in support of national security requirements across the full spectrum of service, joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational operations.

EstablishPerformanceAssessmentArchitecture

JointAssessment& EnablingCapability

Build Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC)

TrainingEnvironment

Joint National Training

Capability

Create Dynamic, Global

Knowledge Network

Joint Knowledge Development &

DistributionCapability

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Joint Knowledge Development & Distribution Capability

Mission Statement• Preparing Warriors Individually through Development and

Distribution of Joint Knowledge

Customers• Combatant Commands• Military (Active and Reserve Components), Civilian DoD

Personnel, and DoD Agencies• Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational Organizations

Products• Courseware—Web-based Training; Computer Based Training• Tools—Job Performance Aids; Decision Aids; Digital Gaming• Services—Digital Libraries, Courseware Repositories, JKDDC

Technology Lab, System Expertise• Global distribution environment

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Joint Knowledge Development & Distribution Capability

Outcomes

Joint CertifiedCourses

Individuals Joint Educated

International / Multinational

Reach-Back

Mission Planning and Rehearsal

Adaptability

Regional Centers

Regional Centers

HumanExpertsHumanExperts

Models and

Simulations

Models and

Simulations

Digital Knowledge

Bases

Digital Knowledge

Bases

JKDDCJKDDC

War Colleges

Universities

War Colleges

Universities

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Build on Success

Credible Opposing Forces

Common Ground Truth

High Quality Feedback

• Multi-dimensional peer adversary• Asymmetric challenges• Diverse targets / threats

• Integrated range instrumentation• Joint Observer / Trainers• Certified, accredited

1st Training TransformationMajor Training Centers

2nd Training TransformationJoint National Training Capability

Realistic Combat Training

• Joint context - horizontal / vertical• Employs joint doctrine / tactics / techniques • Live training with simulation / stimulation• Mission rehearsal implications• Realistic information ops and C4ISR• Potentially deployable / distributable

• Focus on joint performance outcomes• Ability to assess concepts and doctrine• Feeds joint lessons learned• Promotes Joint Training System use

We Fight as a Joint Team - We Should Train in a Joint Context

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Joint National Training Capability

Goals:

• Improve management and coordination of joint training resources;

• Fully implement the Joint Training System Applications and provide the means to develop improvements in DoD warfighting capabilities;

• Embed the proper joint context into Service training tasks;

• Provide opposition forces and realistic threat systems;

• Create a persistent global joint training infrastructure;

• Provide a live, virtual, and constructive (LVC) environment for joint training events;

• Lead the development of advanced training technologies providing joint functionality interfaces and interoperability; and

• Coordinate and integrate activities with the other capabilities of training transformation.

Mission: The Joint National Training Capability will continuously improve the ability of U.S. military, federal agencies, and multinational forces to fight effectively as a joint and combined team.

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Joint National (Global) Training Capability

Major Training Centers

Major Training Centers

Test RangesTest

Ranges

Models and

Simulations

Models and

Simulations

Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems

Outcomes

JNTCJNTC

Joint TrainingEvents

Units trained toJoint Standards

Mission Planning and Rehearsal

New Joint Operational

Concepts

Lessons Learned

Adaptability

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Attributes of a Transforming Joint Force The Operator’s approach

Deconflict Service Forces

Stitch Service Seams

Integration of Service

Capabilities

Effects-Based, Collaborative, Network Centric

and Interdependent

Air Forces

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

Services Deconflicting

Services Coordinating

Services / SOCOM Integrating

A coherently Joint, capabilities-based,

Joint Force

Multinational

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

SOF

Interagency

SOF

SOF

ArmyForces

Navy Forces

Marine Forces

The Military Most of Us Grew Up In

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Attributes of a Transforming Joint Force The Operator’s approach

Deconflict Service Forces

Stitch Service Seams

Integration of Service

Capabilities

Effects-Based, Collaborative, Network Centric

and Interdependent

Air Forces

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

Services Deconflicting

Services Coordinating

Services / SOCOM Integrating

A coherently Joint, capabilities-based,

Joint Force

Multinational

Army Forces

Air Forces

Marine Forces

Navy Forces

SOF

Interagency

SOF

SOF

ArmyForces

Navy Forces

Marine Forces

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Why a JNTC?

Tactical

Operational

StrategicTheater

StrategicNational

UnifiedCommand

Components

Joint ForceHeadquarters

ServiceTasks

Unified Command & Joint Force Headquarters

Tasks

Issue 1

Issue

2MARFOR AFFORNAVFORARFOR

JNTC can help to...

1. Close gaps & seams (Combatant Commander Title 10 vs. Service Title 10 responsibilities) at all levels of joint operations (i.e. joint command and control, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and other joint tasks).

2. Provide the capability to conduct coherent joint training across all levels with proper joint context.

JNTC can help to...

1. Close gaps & seams (Combatant Commander Title 10 vs. Service Title 10 responsibilities) at all levels of joint operations (i.e. joint command and control, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and other joint tasks).

2. Provide the capability to conduct coherent joint training across all levels with proper joint context.

SOF

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JNTC

Experimentation and Testing

Live / Virtual / Constructive

Training Environment

Capabilities

Improvement

JFCOM

CENT-COM

GlobalSimulation

Centers

Service Simulation, Training and Testing Centers

and Ranges

JFCOM

CENT -COM

PACOMPACOMSOUTH-

COMSOUTH -

COM

EUCOMNORTH-

COM EUCOMEUCOM

A global network of live, virtual and constructive components that provides a seamless training environment that supports a broad spectrum of joint and Service training requirements

A global network of live, virtual and constructive components that provides a seamless training environment that supports a broad spectrum of joint and Service training requirements

SOCOM

TRANS-COM

STRAT-COM

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JNTC Exercise Types

• Horizontal Training Exercise: Build on existing Service interoperability training

• Vertical Training Exercise: Link component and joint command and staff planning and execution

• Integration Training Exercise: Enhance existing joint exercises to address joint interoperability training in a joint context

• Functional Training: Provide dedicated joint training environment for functional warfighting and complex joint tasks [under study by Center for Naval Analysis (CNA)]

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Horizontal Training ExerciseWestern Range Complex

Joint Context in a J-Tactical Event

• Synchronized NTC/AW and CAX venues through a common joint scenario (NTC – 17 – 29 Jan 04; CAX – 25, 26, 28 & 29 Jan 04)

• Cross flow of fixed wing aircraft between the ranges (F/A-18s (USMC/Navy), AV-8Bs, F-16s)

• Opposition Forces: Non-Organic “Red” aircraft (ATSI A-4s); Higher density of Red surface-to-air threat systems; Information Operations: Operations Security, Computer Network Operations, Electronic Warfare

• Command and control White Cell: Joint Forces Air Component Commander, Combined Air Operations Center, Air Support Operations Center

• Fielding of JFCOM assessment teams at all live locations• Integration of live, virtual and constructive simulations• Live and virtual play of SOCOM resources• Establishment of 29 Palms ground/air instrumentation

T2-T2-JNTC planning process is a microcosm of the real world joint process: provides an excellent training environment

Integration Training Exercise

Blinding Storm / Rapid

Alliance / Combined Joint Task Force Exercise

(CJTFEX) 04-2 Highlights

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Background

1. Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff approved

2. COMUSJFCOM directed and sponsored

3. Commander Fleet Forces Command (CFFC) executed

4. First enhanced JFCOM joint interoperability exercise

5. First JNTC Integration event

6. US / UK bilateral training exercise

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CJTFEX 04-2

• First JNTC Integration event• Training focus on functional component commands

• Analysis focus on Joint Tactical Tasks (JTT)

• Coalition participation in a JNTC event

• Primary Participant: United Kingdom

• Secondary Participants: Canada, Germany, France, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Italy and Peru

• Observers: Australia, Brazil, Sweden

• Test processes incorporating Joint Combat Identification Evaluation Team and Joint Testing & Evaluation to greater degree in training events

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13 Approved Technology Concept Demonstrations

• Evaluations / Tactics, Techniques & Procedures Validation (6): • Joint Command & Control, Intelligence, Surveillance and

Reconnaissance (JC2ISR) Joint Testing & Evaluation (JT&E)• Joint Cruise Missile Defense Joint Testing & Evaluation• Joint Global Positioning System Combat Effectiveness (JGPSCE)• Joint Methodology to Assess C4ISR Architecture (JMACA)• Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (JUAV)• Joint Datalink Information Combat Effectiveness (JDICE)

• Demonstrations (4):• Targets Under Trees• Coalition Combat ID Advanced Concept Technology Demo• Grenadier Brat-Laser Range Finder• Multi-Sensor Integration Demo

• Service Software Operational Effectiveness Evaluation (3):• Chief of Naval Operations Project # 801 – (DDG 51)• Lower Tier Project Office Patriot Radar • Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC)

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EP-3 MAST

SOF -SSE

VIRTUAL

Virtual SimulatorsAC-130 and MH-53EP-3 MAST – EP-3 Mission Avionics System TrainerSSE- Squad Synthetic EnvironmentASTi – Advanced Simulation Technologies Inc.

SOF –V-AC-130V-MH-53E

ASTi Hub

AWSIM WS ATI

JCATSJSAF

ICE

JSAF

DBST SUITE AWSIM ASSET JSAF JQUAD NWARS (SCI)JCATS TACSIMSIGS MUSEMDST

FMS-D ICE

M&S & InstrumentationATI – AWSIM to TBMCS InterfaceAWSIM – Air Warfare SimulationASSET – Automated Scripted Simulator Exercise TrainerCSP – CRC Stimulation PackageDBST – Digital Battlestaff Sustainment TrainerFMS-D – Full Mission Simulator DigitalICE – Interactive Constructive EnvironmentJCAS – Joint Command and Control Attack SimulationJCATS – Joint Conflict and Tactical SimulationJECEWSI – Joint Electronic Combat Warfare SimulationJNETS – Joint Networks SimulationJSAF – Joint Semi-Automated ForcesJSTARS – Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar SystemJQUAD – 4 simulations (JECEWSI, JOISIM, JCAS, JNETS)MUSE - Multiple Unit Simulation EnvironmentMDST – Missile Defense and Space ToolNWARS – National Wargaming SystemSIGS- Synthetic Imagery Generation SystemTACSIM – Tactical Simulation of Intelligence SystemsTBMCS – Theater Battle Management Core SystemsTESS – Tactical Engagement Simulation System

CONSTRUCTIVE

CSP

TESS-F

CJTFEX 04-2 SitesCJTFEX 04-2 Sites

CRC Eglin AFB

FT BRAGG

TACTRAGRULANT Dam Neck

MCB Camp Lejeune

Schriever AFB

JTASC

Hurlburt FieldCFACC – Shaw AFB

NAS Oceana

NAS FALLON

PAX River

FT BLISS, TX

FT BENNING

MCAS Cherry Pt NC

Bogue Field NC

FT STORY

DMOC –Kirtland AFB

Langley AFB

Seymour Johnson AFB

Pope AFB

OPFOR Air

1st FW

Live ForcesSOF – 7TH SFG, UK SOFArmy – 34ID (RC)Marines – 2nd MEB (-), 3 CdoAir Force – 1ST, 4th , 20th FWs, UK RAFNavy – COMSECONDFLT, INVINCIBLE BATTLE GROUP, NASSAU ATG, MINECOUNTERMEASURES – Gulf of Mexico

Patriot battery

Analysis elements

34th ID ARFOR / JSOTF RC

Patriot BDE HQPatriot BN HQ

Patriot RC

Analysis elements 263RD AAMDC20th FWUK RAF

Analysis elements

24TH MEU2ND MEB3CdoOPFOR Ground

CJSOTF513 MI Bde (-)

1st FWUK AF

4th FW

CCJTF, CFMCC, CSG, ESG, USN & coalition ships at SeaAEGIS DDG (2)

NAVFOR RC

SOF

Live

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Road Map to IOC

Jan 04 Oct 04Mar 04 Jun 04 Sep 04Jul 04Oct 03 Apr 04 May 04 Aug 04Feb 04Jul 03

Horizontal Training EventEastern Range Complex

JNTC Horizontal Exercise involving Joint Readiness Training Center, Ft.

Polk and Air Warrior II, Barksdale AFB

JNTC FOC Oct 09

JNTC IOC Oct 04

Vertical Training EventEastern Range Complex

JNTC Vertical Exercise designed to train USNORTHCOM Staff, JTF, Components, and Government

Agencies

Horizontal Training EventWestern Range Complex

Integration Training Event Eastern / Gulf Range ComplexA Bilateral Exercise Employing Joint and Combined Forces in a littoralenvironment involving forces at Camp Lejeune, Cherry Point, Eglin AFB, Shaw AFB, Ft Story, USS Nassau, USS Mt Whitney, USS John F. Kennedy, JWFC

A Full Integration Exercise with a brigade rotation at the National Training Center, Air Warrior from Nellis AFB, and USMC Combat Arms Exercise, 29 Palms

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Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability

Mission: Ensure the systematic assessment of joint training and the effect from Training Transformation; provide enabling tools and procedures to JKDDC and JNTC to enhance joint force readiness

Customers: COCOMs; OSD; Joint Staff; JMOs; Military Services; Interagency; Coalition Partners

Goals: • Dynamic Joint Training System with next Generation Tools and

Metrics • Robust Joint Lessons Learned Capability• System that Tracks Joint Qualifications and Experience• Linkage of Joint Training Outcomes to Readiness • New Joint Mission Essential Tasks for Interagency and Coalition • New Training Assessment Guidelines Policies• Joint Training System Enterprise Architecture• Advanced Assessment Tools and Metrics • T2 Block Assessments and Recommendations

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Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability

Outcomes

JNTCJNTC

JKDDCJKDDC

Unit

T2 Capabilities

JointOperationalConcepts

TrainingValue

DOTMLPF

Barriers

Strategy andInvestments

Strategic Transformation

Appraisal

Strategic Transformation

Appraisal

Defense Readiness

Reporting System

Defense Readiness

Reporting System

Staff

Individual

JAECJAEC

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Performance Assessment Concept

T2 Vector Assessments• COCOM Alignment• Service Alignment• Force Transformation Alignment

T2 Integration Assessments• Policy integration• Program and process integration• Information systems integration

T2 Training Value Assessments• Joint Educated and Trained Personnel - quantity• Staffs & Unit skill mix• Responsiveness to COCOM requirements changes

Source: 2004 DoD Training Transformation Implementation Plan (Section 1.0)

ThroughputAll Forces Joint

Educated and Trained

Near-Term Outcome

InnovationEnable Environment to

Create New Joint Operational Capabilities

Mid-Term Outcomes

TransparencyDynamic Mission

Planning and Rehearsal

Far-Term Outcomes

T2 metrics evolve over time to guide achievement of successive outcomes

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Training Capabilities AoAWay Ahead

• SSG Decision Recap• Blended Course of Action for future training• Agree to content/structure of Final Report

• AoA Report ready for final staffing NLT 15 July• Deliver AoA Report to USD (AT&L) NLT 1 August• Schedule next SSG or T2 ESG update in Aug 04 • Develop programmatic level detail for FY 06-11 • Reengage program review process later this year

• Initiate draft Program Change Proposal (PCP)

• Respond to brief Congress within 90 days

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Dr. Chu’s Challenge to MORS2003

Scientific and technological innovations• Improved net-centric tools, processes, and methods

New analytical methods and measures• Joint training effectiveness and joint readiness• Adaptability / intuitively joint response• New joint operational concepts• Cross-cultural and organization interoperability

Conduct assessments and make recommendations

For additional information onFor additional information onTransforming DoD TrainingTransforming DoD Training

www.T2net.org

MORS Mini-Symposium/WorkshopMORS Mini-Symposium/Workshop 28-30 September 200428-30 September 2004 SAIC Conference CenterSAIC Conference Center Tysons Corner VATysons Corner VA www.mors.org