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10/19/2017
1
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP:
STRATEGIES FOR RETENTION
BARRY GALLISON
Centering
What is a Healthy Work Environment? Healthy Work Environment Key Components– American Association of Critical Care Nurses
1. Skilled Communication –as important as clinical skills
2. True Collaboration – pursue and foster collaboration
3. Effective Decision Making – nurses valued & committed partners in policy, directing & evaluating care
4. Appropriate Staffing –match patient needs & nurse competencies
5. Meaningful Recognition –recognize, recognize, recognize!
6. Authentic Leadership –transformational leadership
Strategies for Retention
1. Reflect on your Leadership
2. Foster Good Communication & Collaborative Relationships
3. Have a Zero Tolerance for Bullying
4. Create a Learning Environment
5. Build a Sense of Community
Strategy 1 Reflect on Your Leadership
1. Am I seen by my staff as someone with integrity?
2. Do I have the respect of my peers?
3. Can I create a vision lending direction to the work of the team?
4. Do I have good judgment?
5. Do I have the courage to face conflict?
6. Can I stay positive & resilient in a changing environment?
7. Do I have a passion for nursing, can I inspire passion in others?
8. Am I transformational?
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Transformational Leadership
• Leads people where they need to be
• Successfully adapts to change
• Committed to organizational mission
• Shared vision for the future
• Strategy to implement vision
• Promotes creativity, innovation & accountability
• Ensures the voices of the team is heard
Key Attributes- Mentor
1. The leader serves as role model - “walks the talk”
2. Inspire motivation with strong vision about work
3. Concerned about the individual & demonstrate genuine concern for their needs & feelings
4. Challenges & develops the team to be innovative
5. Creative nurturing independent thinking
Are You a Transformational Leader?
• Do you instill a belief in your staff they can do exceptional things?
• Do you commit people to action?
• Do you convert followers into leaders?
• Do you convert leaders into change agents?
• Are you a lifelong learner, driven by values?
• Can you deal with complexity?
Strategy 2 Improve Communication
• Authentic Leadership Presence
• Active Listening
• Open, Safe Environment for Communication
• Inclusiveness
• Attitude of Gratitude
• Ability to Deal with Conflict in Communication
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Strategy 3 Zero Tolerance for Bullying
• Observe for Bullying– both verbal & non-verbal
• Watch how Students & New Graduates are treated
• Confront it when You see it, or Staff bring it to your
attention
• Set the standard with your own behavior
– Do not beat yourself up!
• What you permit you promote
Strategy 4 Create a Learning Environment
1. Is unit practice based on the best evidence?
2. Willing to try new things?
3. How do we treat failure?
4. Is returning to school valued or do staff ask other staff “why would you want to do that?”
5. Do we celebrate specialty certification as a professional achievement?
Set the Standard: Be a Life-long Learner
1. Read and stay professionally updated
2. Maintain an awareness of current events and how they could impact health care
3. Network with other professionals at meetings
4. Look for evidence-based practices
5. Continue your education
Strategy 5 Build a Sense of Community
1. Align staff around a shared sense of purpose
2. Be inclusive
3. Value individual differences
4. Encourage environment of trust
5. Embrace conflict
6. Create opportunities for staff to tell their stories
7. Look for opportunities to celebrate
CFO: What happens if do all this training and they leave? CEO: What happens, if we don’t and they stay???
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What Could You Do Differently?
“Nobody can go back and start a new beginning,
but anyone can start today and make a new ending.” -
Maria Robinson
TRUE COLORS
Identifying Your Personality Type & Work Style
Broward Health Imperial Point
“In the real world…it’s the relationships –
the formal and informal networks of people –
that really govern how the organization runs
and how value is created.”
--Michael Schrage
True Colors Is:
• Designed to help you better understand yourself & others
• Promote individual differences
• Be aware of different personality styles
• Understand the preferred styles of their colleagues
• Each color is reflective of your personality
o You will identify a Primary
o The colors you do not choose will have some characteristics that are representative of you; however, it is not your preferred style.
• True Colors is valuable for improving your effectiveness in working with others
8
Why Identify with a Color?
• Understand People Better
• Process Information Differently
• Communicate More Effectively
• Strengthen Successful Partnerships & Relationships
Learning your color will help
you:
The Colors
Orange
Blue
Gold
Green
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Personality Types
• Adventurous, Generous, Tolerant, Skillful, Charming Orange
• Warm, Kind, Devoted, Compassionate, Artistic Blue
• Consistent, Loyal, Thorough, Traditional, Cooperative Gold
• Clever, Level-Headed, Logical, Competent, Visionary
Green
True Colors at Work: Orange
• Tackle their work with enthusiasm, quickly move on to other pursuits.
• Prefer Working under pressure and on lively, risky, and unpredictable
jobs.
• Grow restless with jobs that tie them down and limit their personal
freedom.
• Are straightforward, realistic, and practical workers who bring a flair,
energy, and excitement to the workplace.
• Are talented, resourceful, skillful and adaptable.
• Are upbeat and social in nature, and present a positive self-image of
themselves and their work place.
• Strive to be action-oriented workers who know how to get results they
desire.
True Colors at Work: Blue
• They concentrate on people and relationships.
• Focus on service, and health and welfare of people.
• Prefer warm, supportive, harmonious environments where they are free
to cooperate and communicate with one another.
• Imaginative, enthusiastic and concerned about the personal welfare of
those around them.
• Dislike competition, conflict, bureaucracy and domineering authority
figures.
• Promote creativity, flexibility, individuality, and personal expression.
True Colors at Work: Gold
• Prefer jobs that allow them to be thorough, accurate, and systematic.
• Prefer to work in situations where they can see a job through to the end,
and then touch and feel the results.
• Are practical, efficient and cooperative workers that respect authority,
discipline and punctuality.
• Work best in environments that are traditional, structured, orderly and
filled with other hard-working people.
• Have compelling need to follow established procedures and routines and
do things the “right” way.
• Are stable, honest and dependable workers who generally put the needs
of the company above their own.
True Colors at Work: Green
• Driven towards work that involves an analytical and creative focus.
• Visionary and independent workers who can tune out the world as they
work on things that capture their interest.
• Most productive when they can perfect an idea, then move on and leave
the project to be maintained and supported by others.
• Work well with complex strategies, abstract concepts and theoretical
models.
• Prefer a work environment with minimum structure and little bureaucracy.
• Enjoy taking risks to test their innovative ideas.
• Thrive on their biggest assets to be competent, logical, and accurate.
Keys to Good Communication
• Language is functional and operational
• Seems to know just what words to use
• Lends electricity to conversation and discussion
• Concise
• Clever
• Can change subject quickly
• Enjoys hearing and telling jokes and stories to enhance the
communication
Likes to Talk About
• Experiences
• Adventure
Responses to You
• Practical application
• Usefulness
• Alternatives
Keys to Know How to Praise
• Praise process more than product
• Note their cleverness
• Note their skill
• Note their quickness
• Note their impact
• Note their spontaneity
• Let he/she describe what was done and how
Keys to Stress
• Being stuck at a desk
• Too many responsibilities
• Redundancy
• Deadlines
• Rules and Regulations
• Nonnegotiable imposed structures
• Lack of freedom to function/perform
• Reading manuals and following “how to’s”
• Criticism
• Abstractions
Keys to Reducing Conflict
• Allow freedom of movement
• Get things done at their own pace
• Help them understand the reason for the task assigned and
let them assist with how it will be accomplished
• Be clear about what needs to be done, direct, not abstract
• Take their need to act into consideration
• Allow freedom of possibilities, not just the way things have
been done before
• Make tasks a challenge, a contest, a race with time
• Don’t make them wait to long to get started
• Leave the options open for how to accomplish the task
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Teaming with: Blue Keys to Communication
• Personalized
• Can be subjective
• Can be very general
• Metaphorical and analogical
• Honest
• Need opportunities to express feelings and have feelings
accepted
Likes to Talk About
• Ways to increase harmony
• Personal issues
• Issues of life and living
Responses to You
• Accepting
• Good Listener
• Interested in significance
• Abundant giver of appreciation
• Wish to be helpful and supportive
Keys to What and How to Praise
• Comment on unique contribution
• Personal achievements
• Comment on personal characteristics that are valued and
meaningful
• Be honest and sincere
• A touch on the shoulder
• Comment on how others have been helped by their
performance
• Let the person know they have importance and significance
to the well-being of the individuals and the group
Keys to Stress
• Broken promises
• Too much criticism Conflict
• Not discussing what is occurring Insincerity
• Paperwork as priority Lying
• Clock watching Rejection
• Lock of social contacts
• People talking about them behind their backs
• People not being a priority
• Being compared constantly to others
• Too much conformity without outlets of individuality
Keys to Reducing Conflict
• Be sincere and direct
• Allow some change in tasks, avoiding to much repitition
• Be clear about what needs to be done
• Be clear about how the individual can please and be
successful
• Allow individual to bring in his /her own ideas an in other
ways be creative
• Allow personal interaction, and opportunities to work with
another person(s)
• Allow individual to express feelings and ask questions
• Keep comments focused on the positive when possible
• Public chastisement may be construed as personal
rejection
• Respond in a way that allows other individuals his/her
feelings but offers alternatives that will move him/her in the
direction that is most appropriate
• Take idealistic ideas into consideration
Teaming with: Gold
Keys to Communication
• Authoritative
• Parental
• Clear and concise
• Get right to the point
• May make decisions quickly
• Facts
• Ways to expedite the execution of plans
Likes to Talk About
• Responsibility
• Accomplishments
• Efficiency
• Work completed
• What has worked before
Responses to You
• Compliance
• Execution of plans
• Ways to keep the system running smoothly
• How to keep things functional
Keys to What and How to Praise
• Honest and specific mention of what has been done
• Note thoroughness and sense of responsibility
• A pat on the back
• Words should reflect what has actually been accomplished
• Appreciation needs to be sincere
• Reminder of the importance of the task completed to the
well-being of the team and organization
Keys to Stress
• Incomplete tasks
• Ambiguous tasks
• Disorganization
• Too many things going on at the same time
• People who do not follow through
• Too many questions
• Irresponsible people
• Waste
• Non-conformity
Keys to Reducing Conflict
• Keep requests clear and uncomplicated
• Make requests concrete and explicit
• Be consistent
• Assign one task at a time
• Communicate who is responsible and for what
• Be clear as to the process to be followed
• Don’t change tasks quickly or impulsively
Teaming with: Green
Keys to Communication
• Say things once
• Might not say what he/she feels is obvious
• Concise
• Compact
• Logical
• Puts little attention into nonverbal clues
• Might be overly technical
• Enjoys playing with words
• Large vocabulary
• Does not feel assured that others will understand
• Have difficulty appreciating others verbally
• Might appear somewhat distant so might be difficult to
approach
• Doesn’t much care for small talk
Likes to Talk About
• Concepts and Ideas
Responses to You
• Debate, Putting things together
• Questions, Analyze
Keys to What and How to Praise
• Competence
• Quality of work
• Analysis of a situation
• Independent completion of job
• Clear logical explanation of what the person has done
without a lot of elaborate adjectives or feeling words
• More opportunities to exhibit competence is the best
reward for a job well done
• Vocabulary
• New Information
Keys to Stress
• Lack of control
• Lack of independence
• Repetitive conversation
• Elaborate use of adjectives
• Incompetence around them
• Emotionality
• Lack of options
• Unclear picture
• Inability to use or display knowledge
• Small talk
• Dependency
• Routine
• Social Functions
Keys to Reducing Conflict
• Allow autonomy
• Provide a calm and non-conflicting environment
• Allow room to develop new ideas and plans
• Do not stifle intellectual development
• Do not stifle enthusiasm for possibilities
• Do not stifle decision making
• Do not stifle intellectual ingenuity and application
• Sarcasm and ridicule concerning ability can be devastating
• Allow questions to be asked
• Becomes embarrassed when being told he/she has done a
good job, particularly be someone not admired or respected
Bibliography/References/Websites
• Briggs-Myers, Isabel, Introduction to Type, Palo-Alto, California, Consulting Psychological Press, Inc. 1990
• Cooper, William, True Colors Personality Test: Assessment Analysis Paper for EDF 6432, April, 2009
• Kiersey, David and Marilyn, Please Understand Me, Del Mar, California, Prometheus Nemesis Book Company, 1984
• Lowry, Don, Creator of True Colors, 1976
• Miscisin, Mary, Showing Our True Colors, 3rd Edition, True Colors International Publishing, 2010
• Studer, Quint, The Great Employee Handbook: Making Work and Life Better, Chapter Seven, 2012
• True Colors International www.true-colors.com
34
The following slides are
for additional content for reference and use on your own
10/19/2017
7
• One of the greatest benefits of knowing True Colors is the validation you get for knowing your own style.
• Remember, you are a unique combination of many characteristics.
• Although society may try to force its opinion on us about the way we should be, through the media and other pressures, we recognize that is unrealistic.
• You are an awesome individual with your own set of values, likes and dislikes.
• Deep down we know what is right for us.
• When we behave with integrity and are able to show our True Colors, it is a freeing experience.
- Mary Miscisin
Summary
33
Showing Our True Colors
Can someone really be “As Good as Gold” or a “True Blue Friend?”
• What does it mean to “Let your True Colors Show?”
o Straightforward & simple method for gaining insights into the way people behave.
o 500,000+ people annually are being educated in True Colors in the context of business, education, healthcare, criminal justice, mental health, personal and career counseling, communities and others!
o By determining your True Colors you can validate yourself for being who you are.
o Discover the True Colors of others and open lines of communication, reduce conflicts and learn ways of relating to bring out the best in everyone.
• Whether you are someone just getting acquainted with True Colors for the first time or have already experienced the life-changing benefits and are looking for other ways it can be applied, this program is for you.
Personal & Professional Lives
Do you want to make Your Personal & Professional Lives Run a lot Smoother, Easier & More Productive?
• There is a secret to this goal that does not require a huge change in behavior.
o Learn what really matters to those around you.
o The True Colors style indicator is a great place to start.
o Quint Studer calls this, knowing and understanding “What Their What Is.”
o Once we know this, we can focus on meeting others’ needs in these areas.
o It will make their lives (job) better and that, in turn, will make yours better.
The Great Employee Handbook, Chapter Seven by Quint Studer
Lowrys’ True Colors Program 1979 True Colors is based on the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, which is an adaption of the Myers-Briggs Indicator (MBTI).
The True Colors:
Will sort people into 4 colors to represent personality types
Website states that the mission is to enhance the way we live, work, communicate and interact with those around us.
True Colors
Keirsey
Myers-Briggs
Blue
Idealists or Appollonian
ENFJ, INFJ, ENFP, INFP
Gold
Guardians or Epimethean
ESTJ, ISTJ, ESFJ, ISFJ
Green
Rationals or Promethean
ENTJ, INTJ, ENTP, INTP
Orange
Artisans or Dionysian
ESTP, ISTP, ESFP, ISFP
Code for Myers-Briggs
1st
letter is
E for Extraversion or I for Introversion
2nd
letter is
N for Intuition or S for Sensation
3rd
letter is
F for Feeling or T for Thinking
4th
letter is
J for Judging or P for Perceiving
5
Advantages & Disadvantages
The advantages and disadvantages of True Colors are identical to those found in any self-reporting, self-scoring personality test.
• Advantage
o The greatest benefit is that managers/teachers, employees and students all gain a better understanding of each other’s personality type (Cowell-Lucero & Rudd, 2008).
• Disadvantage
o The disadvantages are that the users can figure out what the test creator or administrator wants to measure.
7
Working with Different Colors
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How can you tell if your working with a Green?
• We humans really can’t hide who we are and if you know the traits to look for, you can get a really good sense of a persons’ True Colors.
• This quote by Amy Cuddy describes the perspective of most Greens. “It’s not uncommon for people to overvalue the importance of demonstrating their competence & power, often at the expense of demonstrating their warmth.”
You know they are Green if they are:
1. Learners: They have a great desire to learn & want to continuously improve.
2. Deliberative: They take serious care in making decisions or choices. They anticipate the obstacles.
3. Reserved: They seek autonomy & usually prefer to work alone.
4. Perfectionists: Aren’t satisfied until the work is 100% right.
5. Analytical: They tend to search for reasons & causes & have the ability to think about all factors that might affect the situation.
6. Intellectual: They are introspective & appreciate intellectual discussions.
7. Competent: They pride themselves on being good at what they do & expect competent follow through from others.
Working With Different Colors
27
How can you tell if your working with a Blue?
• We humans really can’t hide who we are and if you know the traits to look for, you can get a really good sense of a persons’ True Colors.
• This quote by Bill Richardson describes the Blues desire for harmonious working relationships. “We cannot accomplish all that we need to do without working together.”
You know they are Blue if they are:
1. Adaptable: They prefer to “go with the flow.” They tend to be now people who take things as they come.
2. Includers: They are accepting of others. They show awareness of those who feel left out & make an effort to include them.
3. Restorative: They are adept at dealing with problems. They are good at figuring out what is wrong & resolving it.
4. Developers: They recognize & cultivate the potential in others.
5. Relators: They enjoy close relationships with others & find deep satisfaction in working hard with friends to achieve a goal.
6. Caring: They lead with feelings.
7. People Oriented: They are cooperative, nurturing & empathic.
Working With Different Colors
28
How can you tell if your working with a Orange?
• We humans really can’t hide who we are and if you know the traits to look for, you can get a really good sense of a persons’ True Colors.
• This quote by Marcus Gar captures the spirit of most Oranges, especially the extroverts. “With confidence, you have won before you have started.”
You know they are Orange if they are:
1. Self-Confident: They take the initiative & aren’t afraid to get things moving if they feel leadership is lacking.
1. Challengers: They thrive on competition & may get involved in situations just to see if they can be successful where others have failed.
2. Push Boundaries: They don’t conform to other peoples’ ideas & like to test limits. Red tape & bureaucracy can bog them down.
3. Impulsive & Spontaneous: They can become easily distracted if their attention isn’t kept focused & prone to making on the spot decisions.
4. Self-described Multi-taskers: They enjoy working on several things at once & can switch gears quickly.
5. Carefree: Try & find the fun in everything they do so may think a goal isn’t worth achieving if it’s not fun along the way.
6. Direct Communicators: They are “tell it like it is” people. If you want frank, forthright feedback, ask an Orange.
Working With Different Colors
28
How can you tell if your working with a Gold?
• We humans really can’t hide who we are and if you know the traits to look for, you can get a really good sense of a persons’ True Colors.
• This quote by Benjamin Franklin is a motto that most Gold try to live by at home, as well as, at work. “A place for everything & everything in its place”
You know they are Gold if they are:
1. Organized: Take a look at their office or work space. You’ll notice they are comfortable with an orderly environment & they have a knack for knowing the most efficient place & method for storing or
arranging things.
2. Planners: They are good linear thinkers. One thing leads to another & often use tools like checklists and Gantt charts to keep things on track.
2. All About the Rules: They are sticklers for rules & can become “prickly” when others interpret rules as guidelines, e.g. meeting starts at 8am not 8ish.
3. Punctual: pay attention to obvious signs of irritation when others are late, e.g. clock watching, encouraging the meeting to start on time even though everyone hasn’t arrived & comments about tardiness.
4. Detail Oriented: They will notice things that others just can’t see.
5. Like structure: Don’t invite them to a meeting without an agenda. They need to know what will be addressed in advance so they can be prepared. They also will expect you to follow the agenda.
6. Conscientious: They will do what it takes to get the job done & will be hard on themselves if they fail to follow through.
Working With Different Colors
27
Gold
Attributes
I follow the rules with Respect & Authority
o Loyal, Dependable, Prepared
I have a strong sense of what is right & wrong in Life
o Thorough, Sensible, Punctual
I need to be useful & to belong
o Faithful, Stable, Organized
I value home, family & tradition
o Caring, Concerned, Concrete
I am a natural preserver, a good citizen & helpful
Work
I provide stability & can maintain organization
My ability to handle details & to work hard make me the
backbone of many organizations
I believe that work comes before play, even if I must
work overtime to complete the task
Leadership
Expects punctuality, order, loyalty
Assumes “right” way to do things
Seldom questions tradition
Rules oriented
Detailed/thorough approach-threatened by change
Prolonged time to initiate any change
Expects people to “play” their roles
Stress
Complaining and self-pity
Anxiety & worry
Depression & fatigue
Psychosomatic problems
Malicious judgments about yourself & others
Herd mentality exhibited in blind following of leaders
Authoritarianism & phobic reactions
Joys Home, order, tidy, organized, achievement
Needs Stability, consistency, order, respect
Strengths Loyal, structures, reliable, responsible
Frustrations Inefficiency, slobs, procrastinators, change, lack of
control
Values Punctuality, family, quality, honesty
Famous
“Golds”
Santa Claus
Gerald Ford (President)
Luci (Peanuts)
Nancy Reagan
Joan Rivers
Mr. Rogers
Harry Truman
George Washington (President)
Composites
15
Green
Attributes
I seek knowledge & understanding
o Analytical, Global, Conceptual
I live by my own standards
o Cool, Calm, Collected
I need explanation & answers
o Inventive, Logical, Perfectionist
I value intelligence, insight, fairness & justice
o Abstract, Hypothetical, Investigative
I am a natural non-conformist, a visionary, a problem
solver
Work
I am a conceptual & an independent. For me work is play.
I am drawn to constant challenge in careers & like to
develop models and explore ideas.
Once I have perfected an idea, I prefer to move on,
leaving the project to be maintained by others.
Leadership
Expects intelligence & competence
Assumes task relevancy
Seeks ways to improve systems
Visionary
Encourages change for improvement
Constantly “in process” of change
Expects people to follow through
Stress
Indecisiveness
Refusal to comply or cooperate
Extreme aloofness or withdrawal
Snobbish, put-down remarks & sarcasm
Refusal to communicate
Herd mentality exhibited in blind following of leaders
Perfectionism due to severe performance anxiety
Joys High achievement, recognition, challenge of
possibilities, big picture process
Needs Autonomy, accuracy, closure, space
Strengths Confidence, persistent, insightful, inventive
Frustrations Noise, unfairness, control, boxed
Values Logic, detail, freedom, information
Famous
“Greens”
Madame Curie
Thomas Edison
Dwight Eisenhower (President)
Sherlock Holmes
Abe Lincoln
Eleanor Roosevelt
Socrates
Frank Lloyd Wright
Composites
16
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9
Blue
Attributes I need to feel unique & authentic
o Enthusiastic, Sympathetic, Personal
I look for meaning & significance in my life.
o Warm, Communicative, Compassionate
I need to contribute, to encourage, & to care
o Idealistic, Spiritual, Sincere
I value integrity & unity in relationships
o Peaceful, Flexible, Imaginative
I am a natural romantic, a poet, & a nurturer
Work I have a strong desire to influence others so they may
lead more significant lives
I often work in the arts, communication, education &
helping profession.
I am adept at motivating & interacting with others.
Leadership Expects others to express views
Assumes “family spirit”
Works to develop others potential
Individuals oriented
Democratic, unstructured approach
Encourage change via human potential
Stress Attention-getting misbehaving
Lying to save face
Withdrawal
Fantasy, day-dreaming, & trancing out
Crying & depression
Passive resistance
Yelling & screaming
Joys Romance, hugs, acceptance, helping others, sharing
Needs Understanding, security, sensitivity, support
Strengths Communication, optimism, compassion, giving
Frustrations Disharmony, injustice, conflict, disorder
Values Honesty, friendship, trust, faith, empathy
Famous
“Greens”
Bill Clinton (President)
Cinderella
Dorothy (Wizard of Oz)
Emily Dickenson
Ghandi
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Mohammed Ali
Mozart
Composites
17
Orange
Attributes
I act on a moment’s notice
o Witty, Charming, Spontaneous
I consider life a game, here & now
o Impulsive, Generous, Impactful
I need fun, variety, stimulation & excitement
o Optimistic, Eager, Bold
I value skill, resourcefulness & courage
o Physical, Immediate, Fraternal
I am a natural troubleshooter, a performer, a competitor
Work
I am bored & restless with jobs that are routine &
structured.
I am satisfied in careers that allow me independence
and freedom.
I view any kind of tool as an extension of myself.
I am a natural performer.
Leadership
Expects quick action
Assumes flexibility
Works in the here and now
Performance oriented
Flexible approach
Welcomes change
Expects people to “make it fun”
Stress
Rudeness & defiance
Breaking the rules intentionally
Running away & dropping out
Acting out boisterously
Lying & cheating
Physical aggressiveness
Joys People, adventure, thrills, life, success
Needs Freedom, expression, challenge, stimulation
Strengths Independence, humor, adaptable, leaders
Frustrations Disharmony, injustice, conflict, disorder, Interruptions,
deadlines, criticism, nagging, lies
Values Integrity, optimism, risk taking, interaction
Famous
“Greens”
Lucille Ball
Charlie Brown
Winston Churchill
Amelia Earhart
Garfield
Ernest Hemmingway
JFK (President)
Teddy Roosevelt (President)
Composites
18