Transcription of Let's Talk Bitcoin, episode 56

8/14/2019 Transcription of Let's Talk Bitcoin, episode 56

1/21


2/21

-So the $inal part o$ this lo+ post on .: smarter transaction $ees a+ain uotin+

$rom the lo+ post. &oda the transaction $ees are hardcoded into the

Bitcoin1&;Bitcoind !allet so$t!are and the rules surroundin+ those $ees are a

collection o$ heuristics that evolved over the last $our ears. 3n short the current

$ee handlin+ code is a complicated mess that !ill stop !or'in+ as soon as

transaction doules a couple o$ more times. 3n theor it should e simple.&ransaction $ees should e set +ive or ta'e et!een people creatin+

transactions !ho !ant to pa as little as possile and people validatin+ and

storin+ transactions miners !ho !ould li'e to e re!arded !ith hi+her $ees. And

the code that miners are usin+ toda to select transactions is simple: &he $ill

their loc's !ith the hi+hest $ee;'ilote transactions and hi+hest priorit

transactions i$ the choose to set aside some space in their loc's $or $ree

transactions. ?

Andreas M. Antonopoulos: @rom the earl das o$ Bitcoin 3 thin' the vision !as

al!as to ma'e the transaction $ees a mar'et an e$$icient mar'et !here the

price o$ the transaction is set to euilirium et!een suppl and demand. Suppl

ein+ the miners and demand ein+ the end-users o$ transactions. 9$$ectivel

ou !ould have euilirium at the est price possile on the net!or' at an time

and ou can ma'e choices: ou pa more ou +o $aster or ou pa less ou +et

a slo!er transaction time. &hat !as the vision un$ortunatel it hasn%t et

materialied ut is a reall +ood step in that direction. Here%s the prolem !ith

the mar'et dnamic ri+ht no!: even thou+h miners are settin+ a price implicitl

choosin+ !hich transactions the put into a loc' there%s no simple !a $or

that price to e communicated ac' to the mar'et so the prolem here is price

si+nalin+ it%s havin+ a !a to communicate that mar'et price ac' to the client

so the client can ma'e intelli+ent heuristic decisions aout !hat to pa $or the

ne0t transaction in order to achieve a speci$ic time +oal. @or instance 3 have a

transaction o$ ho! much do 3 need to pa toda to +et that transaction

veri$ied in three loc's miners. &hat%s the 'ind o$ uestion a client is as'in+.


3/21

S.M.: -So that%s an automated process and !here does that process happen7 3n a

minin+ pool7 :D#?

A.A.: Fes it happens in the minin+ so$t!are. 9ach time ou are minin+ $or

somethin+ the $irst thin+ ou do is ou create a ne! loc' stic' all the

transactions in and then ou tr to $ind proo$-or-!or' a+ainst that ne! loc'. And

ou do that ever time ou are trin+ to $ind a loc'. &hat decision happens in

uildin+ that ne! loc' to $ind the proo$-o$-!or' and it%s part o$ the minin+

so$t!are. :"G?

S.M.: &han's $or clearin+ that up.:"?

A.A.: -So miners are reall alread settin+ the price. &he%re settin+ the price

ma'in+ a choice and that choice e$$ectivel is the decision o$ !hat transactions

to include in the loc' ased on the $ees that are in those transactions. o! the

uestion is ho! does the client tr to predict !hat%s +oin+ to happen there. And

this is the development that has een done in this particular case 3 thin' Iavin

has een !ritin+ essentiall code that uses in$ormation $rom previousl mined

loc's to tr to decide !hat the level o$ $ees in the net!or' is ri+ht no! and to

create transactions !ith the least $ees ou can pa and +et a!a !ith thecon$irmation time ou !ant. And to do that !hat Iavin is doin+ is he is usin+ a

historical analsis o$ transactions in the several past loc's then ta'in+ the

medium $ee;'ilote. Medium not avera+e that means the point in !hich hal$ o$

the transaction are more e0pensive and hal$ o$ transactions are less e0pensive

and the reason he pic's the medium is to avoid +amin+ the miners !here the

could stu$$ it a $e! miners could asicall ri+ the +ame to increase the $ees and

the is i$ ou have the simulation done e$$ectivel in the client then it could

decide !hat transaction $ees to include !ith the relativel hi+h de+ree o$

certaint that it !ill achieve it%s con$irmation time +oal !ith that level o$ $ee.

And it%s relativel hard to +ame ecause it !ould ta'e collusion multiple

miners or minin+ pools and an minin+ pool that ro'e $rom that cartel !ould

reap the ene$its o$ competition dra!in+ all o$ the transactions that have not

een serviced. So it%s a relativel e$$icient mar'et !ith +ood $eedac' loops +ood

price discover mechanism and $e!er opportunities to +ame. And it%s a mar'et

rather than a $i0ed $ee sstem. &hat%s the advancement that Iavin is su++estin+

and 3 thin' it%s a +reat ne0t step to!ards havin+ a mar'et ased transaction $ee.


4/21

A.L.: 4eadin+ aout this reall made me thin' aout ho! Bitcoin compares !ith

the e0istin+ $inancial sstem. Because ou can loo' at !hat%s happenin+ here

!ith ho! the $ees are set in a reall similar li+ht to ho! !e use L3B/4 as a metric

to set rates in the %real !orld% and man other mar'ets that are out there. And

ecause there are so man people participatin+ in the minin+ sstem there reall

is no advanta+e in trin+ to +ame the sstem. 5hereas !ith the closed sstemli'e the L3B/4 sstem !here everone is participatin+ in the re+ulated

environment and ou have to e chosen to e on this oard suddenl the

opportunit $or collusion to tr and $leece the people !ho ou%re supposed to e

providin+ a service to *ust +oes throu+h the roo$ it seems li'e. ?

A.A.: 3 have to concern that no sstem can e desi+ned that !ill not e +amed

+iven su$$icient opportunit and mar'et participants !ho have developed an

advanta+e $or themselves !ithin the mar'et. All mar'et sstems +et +amed

eventuall. o! the real advanta+e !ith Bitcoin is even i$ Iavin sets this mar'et

discover mechanism toda and it starts +ettin+ +amed he could chan+e it in the

ne0t version o$ the client and then chan+e it a+ain and then chan+e it a+ain in a

ver pulic consensus driven approach that has ver ovious results in the

mar'et. &hat%s !hat ou can%t do !ith L3B/4 ecause ou discover the scandal

$our ears a+o and !hat e0actl has chan+ed in the calculation o$ L3B/4 -

nothin+. Mar'ets !ill e +amed. &he uestion is do ou have the capailit to

$le0il adapt to that +amin+ hit the reset utton and level a plain+ $ield a+ain.

All the other sstems are too ri+idJ Bitcoin is $le0ile enou+h to do that. &hat%s the

'e.


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addresses uic'l came to dominate and hardl anone used the pa-to-3P

$eature. 9ventuall it !as removed.E

8id either o$ ou +us ever use the 3P $eature7


6/21

So o' that sounds +oodJ 3 had a little panic !hen the said this !as +oin+ to

replace Bitcoin addresses.


7/21

satis$ those instructions sumittin+ a Pament messa+e. &he data is

desi+ned to e e0tensile in $uture so !e can add lots o$ use$ul $eatures.

3n $uture clic'ale itcoin lin's !ill loo' li'e this:

itcoin:9N9@BdKucir=G#KGG'D,cALCKF17

reuestOhttps:;;itcoinstore.com;r;aBcd9

5hen clic'ed our !allet app !ill do!nload the reuest 4L and read the

Pament4euest it +ets. &he reuest messa+e contains another 4L !hich is

!here to sumit the $inished transaction to (instead o$;as !ell as roadcastin+ it

to the P=P net!or').E

3 need some help understandin+ that Andreas. Basicall ou are +oin+ to clic' a

lin' and !hat happens a$ter that7 :D"?

A.A.: 3 thin' the !a to understand the Pament Protocol is to thin' o$ it

compared to the current situation !hen ou tr to u somethin+ $rom a store.

&he +ive ou an address ou put that address in our clients and ou create a

transaction !hich +oes out in the net!or' and eventuall reaches ac' to the

vendor. &hat%s a ver loosel coupled transaction. All the +ave ou is an address

and then ou *ust 'ind o$ thro! mone at it out there in the ether and hope that

some o$ that stic's and the merchant sees that transaction come ac' to them.

&his is a much more ti+htl coupled seuence !hereas it%s a three part. Fou as'

them %Ho! do 3 pa ou76 the send ou the parameters o$ ho! the pament

should e made !here the pament !ill e sent to and then ou send ac' to

the vendor the transaction si+n the si+ned transaction itsel$. o! that%s a 'e

point ecause $or man vendors i$ the have a !a o$ veri$in+ that the

transaction came ac' and !ent to the net!or' the can even accept it !ith

con$irmations. &he can trust it as properl si+ned ou 'no! ou%re not li'el to

doule-spend it ri+ht there so the can +ive ou a con$irmation. 5hereas

e$ore the *ust thre! ou an address and then listen on the net!or' and hope

that somethin+ came ac' to that address and it !as $rom ou and it !asn%t

in*ected as a doule spend and all o$ the other thin+s. 3t%s a much more ti+htl

coupled interaction !hich also allo!s ou to deal !ith prolems ecause ou

are +iven an address and ou send a pament and it%s not the ri+ht pament.

Ho! do ou do a re$und7 8o ou need to send more mone7 3s the invoice $illed7

8id ou +et a receipt7 All o$ those tpes o$ interactions at the moment at the

moment are outside the scope o$ the pament. All ou%ve done is sent and

address. 5hich !ith the Pament Protocol all o$ those can e in scope properl

de$ined so ou can have all o$ those separate parameters. 3t%s +oin+ to ma'e

Point-o$-Sale so much smoother


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A.A.: And $or users too. Because 'eep in mind that up to no! the !a to ma'e a

pament is to cop a DG character strin+ o$ +ierish or ta'e a photo o$ a !eird

suare !ith dots on it.


9/21

$ree. .S. plaers are not allo!ed ecause America is a $ree countr. &he +host o$

Satoshi is !aitin+ $or ou @ind her at Satoshi8ice.com;&riute.E


10/21

S.M.: &hat sounds +reat. o! memos !ould those memos e pulic li'e in the

loc'chain or are the *ust 'ind o$ $or our o!n in$ormation sain+ 3 ou+ht a

sa$e paper !allet 'it $rom Andreas... ?

A.A.: Feah this is an entirel outside o$ the loc'chain. &his is metadata that is

transacted durin+ the pament protocol. Basicall the in$ormation is sent to our

client !hich presumal !ill e displaed the screen perhaps as a !epa+e

tellin+ ou !hat this pament reuest is and it can e much more verose. So $or

e0ample ou could have a receipt that has a product name that has a picture o$

the product and a price and a ta0 ou paid and all the other in$ormation in that

memo and that !ill sho! up on ou screens so ou 'no! ou%re pain+ the ri+ht

person $or the ri+ht product.


11/21

ErealE computer via SB. 3t has a displa and a couple o$ uttons. 3t holds our

private 'es. 5hen ou !ant to ma'e a pament the details o$ the pament are

sho!n on the screen and i$ the%re !hat ou !ant ou press / and thin+s +et

si+ned.

&here%s an ovious $la! !ith that desi+n !hen comined !ith Bitcoin as it istoda. &he Edetails o$ the pamentE ou%ll see on screen !ill loo' li'e this:

Pa ." B&C to 9N9@BdKucir=G#KGG'D,cALCKF17

5here did that address come $rom7 5ell it came $rom our computer the thin+

that proal has a virus on it. &hat virus could have s!apped out the address

sent the online shop ou%re usin+ $or one o!ned the virus author and

ecause the%re *ust random numers ou%d never 'no!. Althou+h the virus can%t

empt our !allet immediatel it can still steal paments !hen ou ma'e one

and avoidin+ that is the !hole point o$ usin+ special hard!are

&he pament protocol allo!s recipients to si+n their reuests under an EidentitE.

An EidentitE is *ust some aritrar strin+ that !as itsel$ si+ned some

Ecerti$icate authoritE. &he authorit vends si+ned statements that sa

(simpli$in+ a it): E3 Bo Smith elieve address

9N9@BdKucir=G#KGG'D,cALCKF1 is o!ned Mi'e HearnE. o! i$ our

&reor happens to trust that Bo Smith validates identities relial it can displa:

Pa ." B&C to Mi'e Hearn7

And that messa+e can%t e tampered !ith an virus. As ou can see this is

much sa$er.E


12/21

notice ou are not +ettin+ an tips anmore7 And that our tips are msteriousl

disappearin+ into the ether. So it%s e0actl that 'ind o$ scenario ou can solve in

this case instead o$ havin+ *ust an address and te0t ou !ould have a si+n that

is part o$ the Pament Protocol ou +et a certi$icate a+ainst it so it can%t e

sustituted !ithout rea'in+ the certi$icate.


13/21

S.M.: -So then he +oes into tal'in+ aout !h can%t !e use the PIP 5e o$ &rust

!hich asicall 3 don%t reall understand it that !ell ut PIP is a !a o$

encrptin+ emails and communications and other thin+s and the 5e o$ &rust is

!hen people validate and si+n each other6s% 'es that certain 'es elon+ tocertain people. &here used to e or still are some thin+s called 'e si+nin+

parties !here people !ill meet in person and sa %oh eah this person is !ho

the sa the are 3 can veri$ that their 'e actuall elon+s to them and 3%m

+oin+ to si+n their 'e% and then it%s creates this 5e o$ &rust !hich is a unch o$

people !ho have con$irmed that the all are !ho the sa the are and ou can

come to tap into that 5e o$ &rust to veri$ people%s 38. 3t%s 'ind o$ technical and

a little it on the lon+er side so mae !e !on%t +o into that ut Mi'e is sain+

that it%s reall not possile to comine the PIP 5e o$ &rust nor do the !ant to

!ith the ne! Bitcoin protocol. #?

A.L.: 3 thin' that this also +ets into the uestion aout should the per$ect e an

enem to the +ood7 ecause that%s essentiall the other ar+ument that Mi'e is

ma'in+ here is that es there are some prolems !ith the e0istin+ SSL

Certi$icate Authorit sstem notal that sometimes +et issued to people !ho

shouldn%t have them and that sort o$ taints the !hole thin+. So he las out a

couple o$ improvements that could e applied to this sstem as it is no!. But

reall that is the primar thin+ that this is an incremental step to!ards

somethin+ etter then !here !e are no!. 3s that ri+ht7


14/21

A.A.: 3%d li'e to point out that also 3 don%t 'no! ho! much meanin+ to read into

this ut . is a prett si+ni$icant version numer in itsel$. &he decision to +o

versions that start !ith . is reall important ecause that means !e are no!

headin+ head-on the . release o$ Bitcoin. &hat%s the ne0t step. 9ssentiall theseare the release candidates and etas that !ill lead to the $irst o$$icial version or

release o$ Bitcoin. So it%s an important milestone to hit .. &he e0citin+

development in Linu0 happened et!een .. and ..K.


15/21

$rontrunner and amusin+l the Sil'4oad out o$ all those three companies

proal has the est reputation


16/21

!ith opensource pro*ects a lot o$ times is that there%s too much availailit o$

!or'ale solutions that don%t do the *o in a !a that%s accessile to people. &his

is especiall true !ith the Satoshi client 3 thin'.

5e%re *ust no! startin+ to see these ne!er !allets comin+ out that reall can

levera+e or ta'e advanta+e o$ ou 'no! *ust some o$ the asic usailit that%seen done over the last $e! ears. So these prolems are +oin+ a!a there%s a

!allet comin+ out called the Hive !allet that reall has a $ocus on usailit and

tries to continue this trend o$ ampli$in+ the Bitcoin streets !here anod can

ou 'no! reall +et into sort o$ a u!ord. But it%s reall not this hipster thin+.

3t%s !hat needs to happen. 5e need to $ocus on usailit.

Buin+ products BitPa is a ma*or ma*or plaer in that space. But at the same

time the !eren%t trin+ to reinvent the !heel as &on (Iallippi) said !hen it

comes to ho! !e u thin+s !ith Bitcoin. So to this point most merchants

acceptin+ Bitcoin use that standard shoppin+ cart $lo! !here ou add a product

to our cart and !hen ou are $inished !ith all our shoppin+ ou enter our

illin+ in$ormation pa the total !ith either our credit card or u !ith Bitcoin.

But reall Bitcoin doesn%t need anthin+ li'e that. 3t%s a !or'around created to

address prolems associate !ith identit ecause that o$ course has een

discussed ho! our mone !or's. Shall !e associate !ith identit to acuire

authoriation or permission and then ou are allo!ed to !ithdra! mone $rom

that essentiall. But !ith crptocurrenc since the holder is the o!ner !e don%t

need to do that anmore. And 3 thin' that our pament solutions aren%t +oin+ to

reuire an o$ those. Because these aren%t actuall help$ul at all and actuall it

creates more o$ a ris' situation than ou have i$ ou don%t do that.

Shameless plo here Let%s &al' Bitcoin has approved that is $ilmin+ this event and

!e%re sellin+ videocasts. 3$ ou +o to itcoinvideocasts.com then ou%ll see our

$irst documentation o$ !hat it%s called a BitCredits sstem. &he creators

Ale0andre Bour+et Luisa Buchanan have een !or'in+ on this $or the last couple

o$ months. 3t ta'es a loo' at this prolem that !e have o$ needin+ to associate

identit and it rethin's it $rom the crptocurrenc standin+ point. /ccupin+

aout one third o$ the pa+e and !ith the e0planation te0t !rapped around it ou

don%t actuall ever need to leave that pa+e in order to ma'e a pament. 3t *ust

has a little inter$ace o$$ there and it prompts ou $or the amount o$ mone that

ou are +oin+ to put in in .S. dollars and +ives ou that amount and it tells ho!

much that is in Bitcoin and ou can essentiall load this up !ith itcoin !here

then !e ta'e all the e0chan+e ris' and +ive ou ac' !esite credits that are

denominated in .S dollars and ou can u anthin+ on our sstem.

&echnicall this tal' is called %8oin+ usiness !ith a de$lationar currenc% and

people thin' this is the i+ prolem ecause !ho !ants to spend itcoins !hen

the are hard to acuire and the +ain value over time. &here has to e a

compellin+ reason and a$ter m e0perience !ith this BitCredits thin+ 3 !ant to

share m trip !ith ou. Char+e people more


17/21

$or !hatever ou%re sellin+ and ou need to ta'e into account the $uture value o$

Bitcoin ecause our customer certainl is. And i$ the mental math doesn%t !or'

$or them the%re +oin+ to pa ou in dollars ecause !h shouldn%t the7 @or our

passes !e o$$er et!een a =-DQ discount that puts our sales around "Q

Bitcoin. o! oviousl 3 do a sho! called Let%s &al' Bitcoin and !e onl promote

this to our audience ut ou 'no! m e0perience has een that !hen 3%m trin+to u some +us reall !anted it. And !e do receive $unds $rom our sponsors in

Bitcoin and !e receive donations $rom our listeners in Bitcoin.

And so as 3 understand it reall is a valuale in$ormation $or me !here 3%m

sain+ i$ it is !orth it to e a part o$ this Bitcoin 'no!in+ that at a later date the

are +oin+ to e !orth!hile and +enerall 3 demand m DQ. 5henever 3%m doin+

services !ith someone or hire another !riter or somethin+ li'e that it%s has to e

+enerall e DQ and sometimes it%s a lot more. BitCredits is one option and 3 li'e

it a lot ecause it essentiall lets users pla mar'et a+ainst Let%s &al' Bitcoin.

5hen the u our o!n site%s credit all the volatilit is removed $rom theeuation. 5e do not ma'e credits in .S. dollars so ou can ma'e one

transaction !ith a Bitcoin memer to load up our !allet and an transaction ou

do on the site is instant and transaction e $ree


18/21

&here are o$ course others !ho are trin+ to $ind this price the are


19/21

ust li'e Bitcoin the onl arrier to entr is our time and +ood !or'. &han's $or

listenin+ #:=K?

and i$ ou +o ac' to

that => pa+e then ri+ht there on the $ront o$ it it sas %!e !ant to ma'e our

promises as +ood as a an'%s promises% ecause essentiall that%s !hat the%re

sain+ that%s !hen a an' e0tends credit the%re sendin+ a promise to pa.

3n the 4ipple thou+ht process the thin+ is i$ !e have the in$rastructure to issue

these credits *ust amon+st people then !h do !e need the an's in order to

$acilitate that same sort o$ transaction. 4ipple ultimatel loo's li'e it !as

desi+ned to maintain the $unctionalit o$ the an'in+ sstem !hile removin+ the

an'in+ sstem itsel$ $rom the euation. So the%re oth trin+ to solve this

prolem ut it reall is 'ind o$ $undamentall at odds ho! the%re trin+ to do it.

Bitcoin does a turn o!nership person to person ase sstem and 4ipple is uilt

on an interconnected net!or' o$ P=P credit. Bitcoins are holdin+ do!n !ith no

ris' on the redeemin+ part de$aultin+ ut !ith 4ipple that is a ris'. &he Bitcoin

sstem trans$ers o!nership o$ one thin+ itcoins. People can uild laers on top


20/21

o$ it to do other thin+s ut at a protocol level it%s *ust itcoins on the Bitcoin

net!or'.

But !hat i$ ou don%t !ant to send itcoins7 &his is !here 4ipple is reall a +ood

option. 5hen ou send .S. dollars to the 4ipple sstem ou%re reall sendin+

3/s that can e redeemed some!here else in the sstem. 8ependin+ on ourneed to transact in non-Bitcoin terms this mi+ht e important. /r ou mi+ht

pre$er the hol o!n nature o$ crptocurrenc. And this is +ettin+ to e an

interestin+ thin+ as !e move to!ards a more pervasive Bitcoin $utureJ !e%re

startin+ to see a Bitcoin sstem develop !here ou reall can +et all o$ our

needs met !ithout ever touchin+ a currenc eside a crptocurrenc.

And ri+ht no! this is more true $or Bitcoin ut 3 thin' as !e move $or!ard !e are

+oin+ to see these in$rastructures develop !here the crptocurrenc

particularities don%t matter and it%s *ust crptocurrenc is accepted here and

!hichever one ou happen to use there%s an e0chan+e rate ased on that ased

on this mar'et mechanism.

o! 3 don%t thin' it%s $air to sa that 4ipple is Bitcoin =. 3 reall thin' it%s more

li'e a parallel evolution that rin+s it%s o!n stren+ths and !ea'nesses to the

tale. 3t etter $its the needs o$ some and it%s !orse $or others. But there%s no

uestion i$ 4ipple had matured e$ore Bitcoin came into use !e%d e havin+ a

ver similar conversation. And it !ould e *ust as !ron+ to call Bitcoin 4ipple =..

/ne o$ the liailities that 4ipple has all to itsel$ is a corporate structure.

&he ma'e the ar+ument as !ell as 3nvictus 3nnovations !hen the launched the

BitShares protocol that *ust ecause a compan desi+ns creates and releases aprotocol into the !ild doesn%t imue them !ith an responsiilit $or an

disruptions that protocol mi+ht cause.

Satoshi didn%t disappear ecause o$ all the appreciation that !as sure to e

sho!ered upon him rather the ris's o$ standin+ alon+side o$ such a disruptive

thin+ !as sure to +enerate a ad outcome. Mae not $or Satoshi ut someod

loses in that scenario ecause there are entities and individuals to !hom

pressure can e applied. 3t%s temptin+ to !ant la! en$orcement on our side.

&he%re scar $ol's doin+ a di$$icult *o. 3 used to have an unreasonale amount

o$ respect and a!e $or the people !ho appl our *ustice sstem ut over the last

$e! ears e0perience $inds that diminished. 3 see more arrests $or pett crimes

and no en$orcement o$ the la! !here the most e+re+ious violations have ta'en

place - $inance. ltimatel there isn%t much uestion here. 3n Bitcoin arrin+ a

re+istration process that sees pulic 'es issued to speci$ic names 3 don%t see

ho! ou tell si+nal $rom the noise on anthin+ ut speci$ic cases. 3n 4ipple 3

don%t 'no! ut 3%m prett curious.

3t%s also not surprisin+ that 4ipple Las ta'es this approach. 5hat choice do the

have7 3$ the%re seen as aidin+ or enalin+ ille+al activities the have $acilities

that can e raided assets that can e seied. Loo' at ho! la! en$orcement deals

!ith media pirac.


21/21

Anthin+ a pament net!or' !ould e +uilt o$ is or course !orse.

5e live in stran+e times ut some thin+s are so po!er$ul and dan+erous that to

si+n our name to them is tantamount to suicide. Mae not $or ou ut $or the

+oals o$ the pro*ect. o reason !h a pressured compan has to die i$ instead

the compl. 5ith mone the issues are al!as permission not technolo+.

&han's $or listenin+ to episode "# o$ Let%s &al' Bitcoin. Content $or toda6s sho!

is provided Stephanie Murph and Andreas M. Antonopolous. Music !as

provided ared 4uens. An uestions or comments email

adamUletstal'itcoin.com. See ou ne0t time

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Transcription of Let's Talk Bitcoin, episode 56