Training Report on GSM (Global System for Mobile)

8/13/2019 Training Report on GSM (Global System for Mobile)

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A

Training Report

On

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE

Submitted as a part of ourse urriu!um for

Degree of Bachelor of Technology

in

Electronics & Communication Engineering

"#$ER T%E G"I$A#&E OF'(

Er) A*+i! Ma+a,an

-E&E $eptt).

S"BMITTE$ BY'(

/ras+ant Angiras -0123453.

E&E 6T% sem)

DEPTT. OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

E(ma7 Institute of Engineering 8 Te+no!og9 Bad+au!i -Amba!a.:

%ARYA#A

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I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Training report entitled GSM

by Prashant Angiras, in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of degree of

BTech !"#"$ submitted in the %epartment of !"#"$ at "I"T under &'& is an authentic

record of my own work carried out during a period from ())* to ()+( under the super,ision

of "- .&/I0 M./.1.2 The matter presented in this Training -eport has not been

submitted by me in any other 'ni,ersity 3 Institute for the award of BTech %egree

)ignature of the )tudent

/ras+ant Angiras -0123451.

This is to certify that the a"ove statement made "y the candidate is

correct to the "est of my kno!ledge

)ignature of the )*+E-)

ER) A;%IL MA%A>A#

- &O(OR$I#ATOR.

PREFACE

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2okia Siemens 2etworks pro,ides the 2etwork Infrastructure to BS20 in /4 for its GSM

network This report is concerned about our practical training in which basic description of

GSM and its components was gi,en

%uring this training5 we got to learn many new things about the industry and the current

requirements of companies This training pro,ed to be a milestone in our knowledge of

present industry scenario and de,eloping business of software in the giant economic field of

computers ",ery say and e,ery moment was an e6perience in itself5 an e6perience which

theoretical study can7t pro,ide

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Contents Page no

Introdution 2

Mobi!e &ommuniation Termino!og9 ?

&e!!u!ar /rinip!e 4

Ob,eti@e of Gsm s9stem 0

Gsm Basis 1(

21

/arameters for GSM2(26

Gsm netor* e!ements and ar+iteture

25(??

&a!! Setup

?4(?1

Sope ?

&on!usion

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1. Intro!"tion

The first generation mobile communication systems appeared in +89)s and remained till

+8*)s They used analog transmission techniques for the radio link and confined its users to

their respecti,e system areas for which the mobile phone was designed #apacity of thesystem was ,ery limited and roaming between the co,erage areas of the different systems

was impossible .part from being ,ery e6pensi,e5 these systems pro,ided poor :uos and

supported only ,oice communication

The second generation mobile communication systems grew out of the limitations of the + st

generation systems They supported large subscriber base5 carried both ,oice and data and

ha,e capability to design and deli,er new ,alue added ser,ices The radio link became

digital enabling use of ,ersatile signaling capabilities and cross;network roaming /owe,er5

multiple standards made seamless roaming across all the networks impossible GSM and

#%M. emerged as the trend setting technologies The domination of the (G systems in the

mobile communication market became apparent in second half of +88)s

The design obi6ed3?ire line and so on@$ =G

systems would also integrate the Intelligent 2etwork !I2$ capabilities into mobile systems

Basic to the design of a mobile communication system is the ability of the user to liberate

himself from the confines of a wired line and therefore his freedom to mo,e anywhere he

wants Mobile communication systems therefore are required to pro,ide seamless ser,icewhile the customers are on mo,e transcending geographical and network borders 4ro,ision

of ser,ice under such en,ironment throws a number of challenging issues and the way these

issues are addressed and resol,ed makes each system different from all others

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#. MO$ILE COMMUNICATION TERMINOLOG%

0ike any other technology5 mobile communication too has a set of unique terminology .

few often sued ones are gi,en belowA

PLMN 4ublic 0and Mobile 2etwork . 40M2 is the network set up by a cellular licenseein his licensed area "ach network of each of the licensees in a licensed area is considered to

be a separate 40M2 Thus as per the new licensing policy of Go,ernment of India5 there will

a ma6imum of 40M2s in each of the licensed area . licensed area5 typically5 is co;

terminus with a telecom circle In India there are C* pri,ate 40M2s working and another ((

40M2s are launched by BS20 and two by MT20

'OME PLMN; ",ery mobile customer has to register himself with a ser,ice pro,ider ina licensed area The 40M2 with which he registers is known as his /ome 40M2

!/40M2$ .ll the administrati,e data of his subscription will be a,ailable in the /ome

40M2

(ISITED PLMN; ?hen a mobile subscriber enters a 40M2 area other than his /ome40M25 then he is said to be in the area of a Disited 40M2 !D40M2$

ROAMING; ?hene,er a customer5 with an intention of a,ailing ser,ice5 enters a Disited40M2 area then he is said to -oaming

'ANDO(ER or 'ANDOFF; This is the process of maintaining an established call

when the customer mo,es from one radio transmitter 3 recei,er area to another This processin,ol,es re;routing the customer7s communication path through a different area to a,oid

dropping of call and 3 or deterioration of quality

CELL; The area ser,ed by a radio transmitter3recei,er station The radio signal emanatedby the transmitter is e6pected to be confined within the boundariesof the cell

LOCATION AREA;.n area co,ered by one or more radio transmitter3recei,er stationsused by the system to keep track of the user location for paging him on an incoming call

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). CELLULAR PRINCIPLE

The central concept that made mobile communication as a usable commercial proposition is

the cellular principle according to which the ser,ice area is di,ided into a number of

#0'ST"-S5 each cluster consisting of a number of #"00S and each cell is assigned as

many #.--I"-S as required by the traffic in that cell There is a one;to;one correspondencebetween the cells in each of the clusters that these cells use the same carrier frequencies

Since the frequency used being the same5 the principle of frequency reuse demands that the

interference between them when ser,ing different cells and therefore different customers

should be kept within permissible limits

#ells represent the geographic area co,ered by one -> carrier It is like the shape of bee7s

cell #ellular system in,ol,es di,iding a large ser,ice area into regions called EcellsE "ach

cell has the equipment to switch5 transmit and recei,e calls from any subscriber located

within itsF radio co,erage area

#ells are con,entionally regarded as being he6agonal5 but in reality they are irregularly

shaped The cell shape is determined by the nature of the surrounding area such as hills5 tall

buildings etc . GSM cell can co,er a ma6imum distance of up to )* +s.

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GSM working constitutes ,arious processes and components >ollowing is the

classificationA

Net0or P2anning3

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Co4erage P2anning

There occur ,arious losses in the communication between ,arious components of GSM

communicationA

4olarisation or antenna orientation losses depend on the orientation of the mobile antenna

!,ertical;horiHontal$

Typical loss C;+) dB due to mismatch of polarisation

Body loss happens because of the e6istence of the human body

4enetration losses ha,e to be added

Transission P2anning

Transmission capacity must be planned for the final phase of the network5 not phase by

phase Suitability of a site for transmission can change from ideal to useless when choosing

between two neighbouring candidates There may be ,arious factors which may affect the

quality of signal being transmittedA

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Most commonly used Transmission link is MI#-?.D" because of its high capacitytransmission links ,arying from from (6(Mbps to+6(Mbps5 =Mbps and STM;

+ !+CC mbps$ . brief description o,er the usage of microwa,e is gi,en belowA

'o0 to A4oi Inter5eren"e

'se the highest a,ailable frequency band

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.ttenuate the T6 power to a minimum


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6. Paraeters 5or GSM3

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7. GSM NET8OR+ ELEMENTS AND ARC'ITECTURE3

Mobile Station !MS$

Base Station Subsystem !BSS$

2etwork Switching Subsystem !2SS$

peration and Maintenance Subsystem !MS$

"nhanced Ser,ices Subsystem !"SS$

MO$ILE STATION 9MS:3

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Mobile Station5 in fact5 consists of two distinct entities They areA

Mobile Terminal or "quipment !MT$

Subscriber Identity Module !SIM$ #ard

The mobile terminal is the actual hardware and is almost anonymous Mobile equipment is

being manufactured by a number of ,endors and a number of make and models are a,ailable

in the market "ach MT is identified by a number embedded in it by the manufacturer called

International Mobile "quipment Identity !IM"I$ IM"I is useful to locate those mobile

phones that are reported stolen and also those manufactured without proper appro,al IM"I

is also useful to route calls from MTs without SIM to emergency ser,ices Mobile terminals

are distinguished mainly by their power class and application

The SIM card is gi,en by the ser,ice pro,ider when a customer enrolls himself as a

subscriber of that 40M2 SIM makes the MT operational and pro,ides the subscriber access

to all his subscribed ser,ices The subscriber information and pro,ides personal mobility"ach SIM is identified by a unique identifier called International Mobile Subscriber Identity

!IMSI$ The SIM holds such ,ital information such as .uthentication &ey5 ,arious

algorithms5 #ipher &ey etc to ensure security of the subscription and pri,acy of the

con,ersation

Since SIM is such an important element of the personal subscription and can be used in

con power le,els5 etc and hando,ers It establishes connection between themobile station and the MS#

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Trans"oing an Rate ao;tion Unit 9TRAU:#on,erts the transmission rate onthe land line to that compatible for transmission o,er the digital radio to and from the MS

NET8OR+ S8ITC'ING SU$S%STEM 9NSS:

2SS manages the communication among the mobile users of the same 40M2 and also with

other 40M234ST2 users It pro,ides all the functionality needed to handle a mobile

subscriber such asA

-egistration

.uthentication and security

0ocation updating

/ando,ers and

-outing to roaming subscribers

The central component in the 2SS is the Mobile Switching #entre !MS#$ that performs all

the switching functions of the network Those MS#s that interface with other networks are

called Gateway MS# !GMS#$ MS# realiHes the abo,e functions in con


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number dialed by others to access the mobile customer /0- also holds most of the

information held by the SIM and also more importantly contains the pointer to the current

location of the mobile customer in order to gain access to him on an incoming call

"ach MS# has a D0- to holds the data rele,ant for handling calls from and to the MSs that

are currently located in its area The rele,ant data is downloaded from the home /0- when

the mobile subscriber switches on the mobile handset in the area of the ,isited MS# thereby

initiating the process of registration D0- holds the e6act location of the MS and keeps on

updating the location as the mobile mo,e across its


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.ll the abo,e ser,ices can be subscribed by the customer and can be pro,ided from a single

platform

The ?.4 system allows wireless access to Internet sites that are enabled for customiHed

access from mobile handsets Thus a customer5 on mo,e5 can surf the web from his ?.4

enabled handset through the ?.4 gateway The ?.4 system also manages telephony

e,ents such as incoming call etc when a subscriber connected to the Internet

Intelligent 2etwork system pro,ides a host of ,alue added features and ser,ices such asA

4re;paid ser,ice !44S$

>ree 4hone Ser,ice !>4/$

4remium -ate Ser,ices !4-M$

Mobile Dirtual 4ri,ate 2etwork !MD42$

'ni,ersal .ccess 2umber !'.2$ etc

GSM Inter5a"es

U; Mobile station and base station subsystem communicate across 'm interface5 also

known as air interface or radio link

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call is transferred from MS to BTS and then to MS# which enquires /0- about the location

of the dialed number D0- pro,ide the 0.# to MS# which in turn directs the call to the MS

In case of change of network the transmission is done through Gateway MS#7s !GMS#$

MTC 9Mo


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2ow the D0- pro,ides the 0.# and call proceeds e6actly in the same manner as for the call

in /40M2

Transient Ca223 In this type of call there is an intermediate mobile station whichredirects the call from one MS to another as shown in the figureA

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>. SCOPE

1*. CONCLUSION(2


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GSM is a (ndgeneration mobile communication systems The data transmission speed of

GSM was only 8 &bps and this speed is considered to be too inadequate for many

applications

The data speed of GSM can be increased to +9+( &bps using G4-S and to =* &bps using

"%G" =G systems5 which are already operational in 1apan5 are capable of deli,ering

bandwidth of up to ( Mbps to mobile terminal

#on,ergence of Mobile and Internet is opening up new ,istas and mobility would be the

newest ingredient in the con,erged IT era

Documents

Training Report on GSM (Global System for Mobile)