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Training and Training and DevelopmentDevelopment

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Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development

DefinitionDefinition- It is an attempt to improve - It is an attempt to improve current or future employee performance by current or future employee performance by increasing an employee’s ability to perform increasing an employee’s ability to perform through learning, usually by changing the through learning, usually by changing the employee’s attitude or increasing his or employee’s attitude or increasing his or her skiiks and knowledge.her skiiks and knowledge.

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Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development

The need for training and development is The need for training and development is determined by the employee’s determined by the employee’s performance deficiency, computed as performance deficiency, computed as follows:follows:

Training and development need=Training and development need=

Standard performance -Standard performance -

Actual performanceActual performance

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Difference between Training & Difference between Training & DevelopmentDevelopment

TrainingTraining EducationEducation

Application Theoretical orientationApplication Theoretical orientation

Job ExperienceJob Experience Classroom learning Classroom learning

Specific TasksSpecific Tasks General concepts General concepts

Narrow prospective Broad prospective Narrow prospective Broad prospective

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Difference between Training, Difference between Training, Development and EducationDevelopment and Education

It may be stated that Training is offered to It may be stated that Training is offered to operatives, whereas Developmental operatives, whereas Developmental programs are meant for employees in programs are meant for employees in higher positions.higher positions.

Education, however is common to all the Education, however is common to all the employees, their grades notwithstanding.employees, their grades notwithstanding.

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Inputs in Training & DevelopmentInputs in Training & Development

SkillsSkills

Education Education

DevelopmentDevelopment

Attitudinal changesAttitudinal changes

Decision making and problem solving Decision making and problem solving skillsskills

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Importance of Training & Importance of Training & DevelopmentDevelopment

1.1. Helps remove employee deficienciesHelps remove employee deficiencies

2.2. Improves Stability of employeesImproves Stability of employees

3.3. Improves Flexibility of employeesImproves Flexibility of employees

4.4. Increases Growth capacity of employees Increases Growth capacity of employees

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The Training process The Training process

A.A. Organizational objectives and strategiesOrganizational objectives and strategies

B.B. Assessment of Training needsAssessment of Training needs

C.C. Establishment of Training goalsEstablishment of Training goals

D.D. Devising Training program Devising Training program

E.E. Implementation of training programImplementation of training program

F.F. Evaluation of resultsEvaluation of results

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Barriers to effective Training Barriers to effective Training

1.1. Lacking management committee Lacking management committee 2.2. Inadequate spending on TrainingInadequate spending on Training3.3. Graduates lack skillsGraduates lack skills4.4. Poaching of trained workersPoaching of trained workers5.5. No help to workers dispersed due to No help to workers dispersed due to

down sizingdown sizing6.6. Employers and B-schools don’t have Employers and B-schools don’t have

close tiesclose ties7.7. Lack of organized laborsLack of organized labors

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How to make Training effective?How to make Training effective?

1.1. Ensure that management allocates adequate Ensure that management allocates adequate resources and timeresources and time

2.2. Ensure that training contributes to competitive Ensure that training contributes to competitive strategiesstrategies

3.3. Ensure that comprehensive and systematic Ensure that comprehensive and systematic approach to training existsapproach to training exists

4.4. Make learning a fundamental value of the companyMake learning a fundamental value of the company5.5. Ensure proper linkage between organizational, Ensure proper linkage between organizational,

operational and individual training needsoperational and individual training needs6.6. Create a system to evaluate effectiveness of trainingCreate a system to evaluate effectiveness of training

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SocializationSocialization

Socialization is basically molding people to Socialization is basically molding people to internalize the systems and practices of internalize the systems and practices of the organization.the organization.

It includes giving proper orientation to the It includes giving proper orientation to the new employees on socializing norms to new employees on socializing norms to shape their behavior and actions in line shape their behavior and actions in line with the philosophy and culture of the with the philosophy and culture of the organization. organization.

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Socialization ProcessSocialization Process

Stage I) Pre-arrivalStage I) Pre-arrival

Stage II) EncounterStage II) Encounter

Stage III) MetamorphosisStage III) Metamorphosis

Stage IV) Outcomes- Productivity,Stage IV) Outcomes- Productivity,

Commitment,Commitment,

TurnoverTurnover

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Explaining Stages of Socialization Explaining Stages of Socialization ProcessProcess

Pre-arrival StagePre-arrival Stage explicitly recognizes that explicitly recognizes that each individual enters with a set of values, each individual enters with a set of values, attitudes and expectations of their own.attitudes and expectations of their own.

Upon joining the organization, the new Upon joining the organization, the new employees enter the employees enter the Encounter stageEncounter stage. In . In this stage, the individuals confront with the this stage, the individuals confront with the reality which may just be reverse to their reality which may just be reverse to their expectations.expectations.

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Explaining Stages of Socialization Explaining Stages of Socialization ProcessProcess

Metamorphosis StageMetamorphosis Stage In working out the In working out the problems discovered during the encounter problems discovered during the encounter stage, the persons may go through certain stage, the persons may go through certain changes. Hence this stage is called the changes. Hence this stage is called the Metamorphosis stageMetamorphosis stage

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Types of Socialization programsTypes of Socialization programs

Formal/InformalFormal/Informal

Informal- When new employees are put directly Informal- When new employees are put directly into their jobs, with no effort made to differentiate into their jobs, with no effort made to differentiate them from those who have been doing their jobs them from those who have been doing their jobs for a considerable time.for a considerable time.

Formal- The new employee is segregated from Formal- The new employee is segregated from the ongoing work setting and differentiated in the ongoing work setting and differentiated in some way to make explicit his role as a some way to make explicit his role as a newcomer newcomer

Individual/CollectiveIndividual/Collective

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