Seismic Safety Assessment of Buildings in DelhiVenue: NIDM, Gr. Floor

Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India

Training Brochure�Safety Assessment of Buildings in Delhi by Rapid Visual Screening (RVS)

Venue: NIDM, Gr. Floor Conf. Hall, Date: 25-27 July

A joint initiative

by NIDM and NDMA

Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India New Delhi, India

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Towards a disaster free India

by Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) July, 2012

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������������������������������������1. Training Motto 2. Background of the training �� ���������� ������4. About NIDM 5. About NDMA 6. About the course 7. Context 8. Vulnerability Mapping by RVS 9. Need for preparedness 10. This Training program addresses the following aspects: 11. Objectives 12. Scope of the training

13. Capacity building framework 14. Module Outlines 15. Structure of the Training 16. Who should attend 17. Mode of training 18. Faculty for the programme 19. Evaluation of the programme 20. CERTIFICATE 21. Trg. coordinator’s feedback on 1st trg. held from April 24-27, 2012 22. Snap shots of 2nd RVS trg. held from June 27-29, 2012 23. Way forward

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Hon’ble Lt. Governor, Shri Tejendra Khanna giving his inaugural address on April 24, 2012 at 1st RVS Training program, NIDM. 65 engineers from MCD attended

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While at every nook and corner unregulated building constructions spell out potential danger from earthquake and other man-made exigencies in-wait, it is high time to gear up for disaster preparedness aiming to minimize loss of life and property by proper planning in advance so that corrective measures are available to counteract the impact of the hazard before turning to disaster. Visualizing vulnerable built infrastructures in advance and equipping the community to meet it effectively is the hallmark of rational human being. 2. Background of the training This program is the outcome of an important meeting called by Hon’ble, Lt. Governor of Delhi, in October 2011, in which, Hon’ble VC, NDMA and members of NDMA were present. Expressing concerns with the issue of mushrooming growth of vulnerable structures in Delhi, Hon’ble Lt. Governor desired NDMA & NIDM to have trained manpower for seismic safety assessment of Delhi. On 1st Nov 2011, NDMA constituted an expert committee to prepare a training module. The 1st draft of the module is under expert consultation and validation.

The expert committee under the leadership of NIDM, presented the main features

of training module on 12th March 2012 at NDMA Bhavan, in which Dr H.K. Gupta and Dr Muzzaffar Ahmed, Hon’ble Members, NDMA emphasized on the training of MCD engineers on “Rapid Visual Screening (RVS)” with particular reference to the evaluation of safety criteria for “dangerous buildings” in Delhi.

Recalling Delhi’s recent past, no. of buildings are facing coming down even without

Earthquake!. Following Building collapse at Lalita Park in Nov 2010, Delhi Govt. formed an inquiry commission. NIDM carried out forensic investigation of the Lalita Park Building collapse, followed by Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) of 10000 buildings in East Delhi with financial support and human resources from MCD. NIDM submitted investigation report to Inquiry Commission last year.

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Before starting that last year’s exercise, NIDM carried out 1st RVS training for MCD engineers in March 2011, which later on spread over all the 64 zones for Shahdara South and North, involving more than 100 MCD engineers for more than a month.

With the help of few young software professionals, NIDM has been developing a

customized software utilizing huge database collected through MCD engineers, I am thankful to MCD, Commissioner Shri K.S. Mehera and his officials, for helping to carry forward with the project till date. The software project needs little more financial backing and in a span of 3 months it would be made available for the entire country utilizing power of 3G mobile, Internet and GPS/GIS technology.

The main attraction of the present training program will be to display

those findings from RVS of 10000 buildings in East Delhi and make MCD engineers familiar with the software. This trg. keeps a balance between class room lectures and hands on exercise, along with some testing exercises in the field.

This programme is the 3rd of the series of trainings that planned in collaboration

with National Disaster Management Authority. In total 300 engineers are proposed to be trained from various line departments such as MCD, NDMC, DDA, PWD and others.

RVS is a qualitative survey with minimal measurements but evaluation of building

safety in true engineering sense - needs full details of geometry and stiffness of the structure. To get to know this by simple RVS; is an indomitable task. Therefore, we have called upon a team from IIT-Kanpur, who will do 3D laser scanning of some buildings at selected sites in Delhi. With this we shall be able to have as-built drawing of buildings for structural engineers. Another company from Bangalore, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. will demonstrate fire and building safety audits and testing. Moreover, a NDT team from a reputed cement manufacturing company in Delhi will be explaining building pathology and MRI kind of scanning.

These are some of the tools that Engineers must be familiar with, before certifying a

building is structurally safe or dangerous. It is hoped that for the first time, with the 50 MCD engineers selected from all the 12 zones in Delhi, and with cooperation from all line agencies in Delhi, the vulnerable community will be immensely benefitted with the proposed capacity building program.

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������������� �������The paradigm of sustainable development as a prime necessity in the realm of India’s soaring economy, even though it was in existence in different form to developed nations, has been a latecomer to the Indian context. The upsurge of real estate developments across the country necessitates quality monitoring and regulation. While the safe dwellings constructed in the world over has been the kingpin for the advancement of human civilization, it also poses a potential hazard in the event of earthquakes and other related natural hazards. A lacuna in the construction quality brings in loss of life and disastrous economic consequences. Hence, there is a definite urgency to inspect the vulnerability of these built-infrastructures so as to take timely corrective steps to prevent failure. Identifying potential dangers arising out of many ill-conceived structures rampantly mushrooming in the Capital city of India is to be taken up with utmost national priority. Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) of building is one such simple tool to classify vulnerability class based on professional judgement. Therefore, a training of trainer’s (TOT) program under the broad framework of NIDM and NDMA, has been mooted for the Building professionals of Delhi. 4. About NIDM The National Institute of Disaster Management is premier organization working in the domain of human resources and capacity development in disaster management. It came into existence in October 2003 by Government of India order upgrading the National Centre for Disaster Management, which was functioning since 1995 at the Indian Institute of Public Administration campus, New Delhi. As per DM Act-2005, NIDM has been entrusted with the nodal national responsibility for human resource development, capacity building, training, research, documentation and policy advocacy in the field of disaster management (More at www.nidm.gov.in) 5. About NDMA

National Disaster Management Authority has been constituted with the Prime Minister of India as its Chairman, a Vice Chairman with the status of Cabinet Minister, and eight members with the status of Ministers of State. Each of the members has a well defined functional domain covering various states as also disaster specific areas of focus and concern. NDMA has adopted a mission-mode approach involving a number of initiatives with the help of various institutions operating at national, state and local levels. The central ministries, states and other stakeholders have been involved in the participatory and consultative process of evolving policies and guidelines on disaster management. NDMA is also entrusted to take other measures for the prevention of disaster, or the mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building for dealing with the threatening disaster situation or disaster as it may consider necessary. (More at www.ndma.gov.in)

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6. About the course Unauthorised colonies in Delhi have been in existence right from the time the planned development of Delhi started with the setting-up of DDA in 1957, Since DDA was unable to construct enough low cost housing and there was large scale migration from neighbouring states. It is estimated that about seven lakh families are residing in these unauthorized colonies. Civic officials estimate that there are close to three million properties in the city. And, those in formerly unauthorised colonies, urban and rural villages and resettlement colonies don’t have sanctioned building plans. While Delhi's building bylaws may talk about structural safety, implementation is far from reality. There are no such established safety audit tools available with civic authorities. More than 1800 Civil Engineering Codes are in place but enforcement is lacking. If strict monitoring is not enforced right now, it will be difficult to minimize losses due to earthquake in wait. To ensure that buildings coming up in Delhi are structurally sound and have earthquake resistant measures in place National Building Code- 2005 directed state governments to ensure that all new buildings follow the Indian seismic code (IS: 1893 – 2002).

Location map of NIDM & NDMA

NIDM (IIPA Campus)

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Over the years, post earthquake studies have provided many important lessons on the societal impacts caused by the intersection of a community’s hazard, built, and policy environments. The primary lessons are:

1) Social and physical vulnerability are exposed in every damaging earthquake, 2) Physical vulnerability is caused by flaws in public policies that govern the

planning, siting, design, construction, and use of buildings and infrastructure, 3) The performance of engineered buildings and infrastructure in earthquakes is

linked to the effectiveness of the public process underpinning the adoption and enforcement of building codes and lifeline standards.

4) Engineered buildings and infrastructure typically perform much better than non-engineered buildings and infrastructure, and

5) Buildings are more susceptible than buried infrastructure to damage from ground shaking, and buried infrastructure is more susceptible than buildings to damage from permanent ground deformation caused by surface fault rupture, liquefaction, lateral spreading, and landslides.

Safe structures are the backbone of human coping capacity to healthy living. Unsafe houses magnify damage resulting from earthquakes, particularly in East Delhi where the collapsed houses hinder evacuation, relief and firefighting activities. The Lalita Park building, which collapsed on November 15, 2010, killing 71 and injuring 65, gave no prior signs or symptoms to the residents, thus resulting in unprecedented task of search and rescue, debris removal for the next 4-5 days. The plus point in favour of rescue operation was that it had open ground belonging to DJB (Rainey well no. 10) easily accessible to vehicles on the Western side. However, it had spatial vulnerability because of lying at the end of buildings line with three sides open. Otherwise too, the building was poorly constructed and has multi-organ structural defects. In seismic risk assessment, estimation of earthquake hazard, structural vulnerability and exposure of building stock are the three equally important components, out of which, the development of inventory databases is the most difficult aspect of damage prediction (ATC-13, 1985). In order to predict the likely impact of an earthquake on the built environment in any part of the country, it is essential to know the seismic vulnerability of the built environment on the affected areas. This information depends on the structural systems of the buildings to resist vertical and lateral loads, performance of similar buildings in past earthquakes, and engineering standards adopted during construction. The assessment of likely impact also depends on the location and distribution of vulnerable building stock in the affected areas 7. Context

There are many buildings in Delhi that needs their health assessment on regular basis. Every now and then cases of building collapse are mounting up. While in one hand majority of the buildings are poorly constructed, there is no registered experts/agencies in Delhi, who shall be held responsible for checking health condition of building stocks. In a recent attempt by Delhi Govt. for mandatory structural safety certification of new buildings

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during registration met with vehement objection and confusion among various circles. Therefore, Hon’ble, LG of Delhi, called a meeting regarding “Strengthening measures to meet the challenges posed by Natural and Manmade disasters” on 24 October 2011. It was pointed out that:

• Mushrooming growth of vulnerable structures in the unauthorized colonies where existing building code are hardly applicable. Even in planned colonies, alteration/ addition of floors to existing buildings have no safety considerations from earthquake.

• Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) followed by the evaluation of Disaster Vulnerability Potential (DVP) of built structures must be a pre-requisite before deciding on remedial cum strengthening measures.

• Buildings officials (Engineers, Architect, Town planners) from leading agencies, such as MCD, DDA, PWD, CPWD, TCPO, be trained to assess structural safety with particular concerns about the dangerous buildings in Delhi.

It is observed that in many residential colonies in Delhi constructions took place with all provisions stipulated in the IS code, still they do have some problems, which are mainly arising out of some administrative/executive orders. Most typical of them are “mission to go skyward” for extra space; where rampant alteration/extensions have eventually no relevance with load carrying capacity stemming from earthquake shaking.

These problems are not due to lack of any deficiency in the working of any rules and codes, but concerns the implementation aspect of the same. Advocators of building regulations put forward an argument that city-specific building bye-law would help to ensure compliance of the provisions when once it is put into statute. It needs to be remembered that new rules/act by itself cannot provide any guarantee against the risk of disaster, but what is lacking in the country is not lack of rules and procedures, but an effective attitude to periodic inspection and surveillance system.

The Civic Bodies/Building departments are either subjected or lured to speak

volumes in terms of:

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Fig. 1: Buildings occupying land area in percent 8. Vulnerability Mapping by RVS Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) is a cheap and fast procedure in assessing the safety of buildings and classifying them according to the risk that they pose in times of strong earthquakes. As per Indian Standard Code the Rapid Visual Screening method is designed to be implemented without performing any structural calculations. The procedure utilises a damageability grading system that requires the evaluator to (1) identify the primary structural lateral load

262-Johripur/tunda nagar/ambedkar nagar265-Shiv Vihar Phase

212214

268-Mustafabad & Old Mustafabad266-Babu Nagar & Prem Vihar

267-Nehru Vihar,Munga Nagar & Chandu 272-

272-CRPF Camp,Police Training School,270-Khajoori Khas Extension

261

225-Karkardooma,Rishabh Vihar,Surajmal 238-239-Jhilmil,Vivek Vihar,Karkardooma

225-Anand Vihar Metro ,Bus ,Railway

234-236-Kailash Nagar, Chand Mohalla

Building Area in some part of East Delhi

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ngs occupying land area in percent – East Delhi

Vulnerability Mapping by RVS

Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) is a cheap and fast procedure in assessing the safety of buildings and classifying them according to the risk that they pose in times of strong earthquakes. As per Indian Standard Code the Rapid Visual Screening method is

ned to be implemented without performing any structural calculations. The procedure utilises a damageability grading system that requires the evaluator to

(1) identify the primary structural lateral load-resisting system, and

0% 20% 40% 60%

246-Ashok Nagar272-Sonia Vihar Extn.

272-SabhapurJohripur/tunda nagar/ambedkar nagar

Shiv Vihar Phase-1&phase-2212-New Ashok Nagar

214-Vasundhra Enclave243-Nand Nagri

240-Old Seemapuri215-Kondli

227-Ghazipur Village239-Dilshad Garden

272-Sonia ViharMustafabad & Old Mustafabad

Babu Nagar & Prem ViharNehru Vihar,Munga Nagar & Chandu …

-West Karawal Nagar266-Sadatpur

272-Rajiv nagarCRPF Camp,Police Training School,

Khajoori Khas Extension270-Chand Bagh

268-Brij Puri261-262-Ganga Vihar

262-Gokalpuri262-Gokalpur

Karkardooma,Rishabh Vihar,Surajmal …Jhilmil,Vivek Vihar,Karkardooma

Anand Vihar Metro ,Bus ,Railway

Kailash Nagar, Chand Mohalla

Building Area in some part of East Delhi

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Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) is a cheap and fast procedure in assessing the safety of buildings and classifying them according to the risk that they pose in times of strong earthquakes. As per Indian Standard Code the Rapid Visual Screening method is

ned to be implemented without performing any structural calculations. The procedure utilises a damageability grading system that requires the evaluator to

80% 100%

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(2) identify building attributes that modify the seismic performance expected for this lateral load-resisting system along with non-structural components.

A building must go for detailed evaluation if the following conditions are met: (a) The building fails to comply with the requirements of the preliminary evaluation. (b) A building has six storeys and higher in RC and steel; and three storeys and

higher in unreinforced masonry.

(c) Buildings located on incompetent or liquefiable soils and/or located near (less than 12 km) active faults and/or with inadequate foundation details.

(d) Buildings with inadequate connections between primary structural members,

such as poorly designed and/or constructed joints of pre-cast elements.

Visually assessable variables, namely, storey number, cantilever extension, soft

storey, weak storey, building quality, pounding effect, hill-slope effect, and peak ground velocity etc. are noted as earthquake hazard category. The inspection, data collection and decision-making process typically occurs at the building site, and is expected to take couple of hours for a building, depending on its size, accessibility and societal response. The screening is based on Code based Seismic Intensity, Building Type and Damageability Grade as observed in past earthquake and covered in MSK/European macro-intensity. The RVS procedure can be integrated with GIS-based city planning database and can also be used with advanced risk analysis software. The methodology also permits easy and rapid reassessment of risk of buildings already surveyed based on availability of new knowledge that may become available in future . The main uses of this procedure in relation to seismic upgrading of existing buildings are:

� To identify if a particular building requires further evaluation for assessment of its seismic vulnerability.

� To assess the seismic damageability (structural vulnerability) of the building and seismic rehabilitation needs.

� To identify simplified retrofitting requirements for the building (to collapse prevention level) where further evaluations are not considered necessary or not found feasible.

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The general sequence of implementing the survey methodology consists of:

• budget development and cost estimation

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• selection of buildings to be surveyed • development of mapping system for survey areas • walking around building • photographing the building for identification purposes • walking through the building and sketching the floor plan • noting basic data (number of storeys, structural system and materials, major

problems, etc. • determining the score (seismic priority index) for the building according to the

procedure presented • selection of information sources to be included in survey and used in decision-

making • development of record-keeping system • training of survey personnel • selection and review of seismic screening form pre-field data collection

identification of structure (e.g., address, lot number)

9. Need for preparedness Built-infrastructures in Delhi can be ensured safe if adequate precaution and care are exercised at every stage from the point of conception of the building planning till it is translated to granting “occupancy certificates”. Such planning would call for correct assessment of the following items:

• Seismic Microzonation of the affected areas in Delhi and making risk map available to city administrators

• Evaluation of the post-disaster impact – advance knowledge of the likely occurrence of earthquake, flood or cyclone.

• To identify the likely effects on property and human beings with a view to assess the damage potential of the disaster.

• Vulnerability analysis and hazard area mapping to identify the most common area prone to such type of disaster.

• Review of organization and machinery for proper upkeep and maintenance of flood control works like dams, embankments, etc.

• Review of the provision of anti-disaster shelter – adequacy of medical aid facility, transportation, food, etc.

• Review of existing method of flood, cyclone, earthquake forecasting system with a view to rectify the missing links and gaps and

• Modernizing the system in accordance with the latest state-of-art, information network, IT enabled services etc..

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10. Aspects of the training

• Are buildings in Delhi earthquake resistant as per Indian Standard codal provisions? If yes, how to check those aspects based on professional judgments?

• Is there any recognized vulnerability assessment tools available with municipal as well as housing authorities in Delhi?

• Are there any registered professionals who can certify structural safety of buildings based on performance tests/experimentations/investigations?

• How well construction monitoring is done in Delhi? What are the tools, technique and assessment criteria?

• How well “certification for occupancy” based on criteria as per TCPO guidelines are acceptable to the construction professionals?

• Is there any routine field inspection format available with the building department of MCD? If yes, how they are effective against mass constructions malpractice in the city?

• What are the methodology being followed in keeping authentic records of building construction history, geographic as well as spatial characteristics in GIS platform? Is there any systematic checks on new constructions/alteration/additions that satisfies structural safety norms?

• Of late ONLINE building plan permit are attempted. To what extent these permits recognize the poor soil conditions (specially in East Delhi) vis-à-vis rock strata in the Delhi ridge area?

• Are there any structural evaluation tools available with MCD officials before accepting “regularization” order in respect of colonies/urban villages/unauthorized areas, where no rules apparently followed during building construction?

• Are there any norms based on acceptable structural performance of dangerous buildings before issuing demolition order by MCD?

• Any system of peer review of building plan (mostly prepared by Architects), sectional elevation and reinforcement scheduling (mostly done by structural engineer) and landscapes (mostly by Town planners) existing in Delhi? How to check electrical installation, fire safety and plumbing norms as per NBC-2005?

In above regards, whatever may be the statuesque in Delhi, it is urgently required to go for Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) of buildings as a first step followed by detailed vulnerability mapping of selected building. For this work proper training and capacity building of engineers, architects and town planners of Delhi is of prime importance. This module outlines the series of onsite testing/demonstration/inspection of buildings and building materials available in the market followed by set of destructive and nondestructive testing for ascertaining structural safety of buildings in Delhi.

The outcome of the training would be to make atleast 10 registered professional

engineers available in each of 12 zones in Delhi, whose services would be utilized for assessing building safety as and when demand arises.

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11. Objectives • To enhance professional capacity of engineers, architect and town planners of

Delhi on the aspects of seismic hazard and vulnerability assessments of existing built environment in Delhi

• To make aware of the fallacies in the ongoing construction practices in the city, pros and cons of building permit process and familiarize with correctives measure against seismic and fire safety

• To have onsite experience of random sampling of building materials and construction quality checking and monitoring of new construction

• Familiarize with building defects and diagnostic tools, fire safety, electrical and plumbing installations and promulgation of building bye laws, testing and seismic safety evaluation of some selected buildings in Delhi

• To bring out a guideline/manual for certifying structural safety against potential hazards in Delhi

12. Scope of the training

The RVS strategy consists of:

•••• Awareness and capacity building of Engineers looking after vulnerability of buildings in the seismically active area

•••• Destructive and nondestructive tools for vulnerability assessment of buildings •••• Seismic response evaluation of important establishments and systematic approach

to seismic strengthening and retrofitting of buildings •••• Hands on training of engineers with simplified RVS format suiting Delhi’s conditions

13. Capacity building framework • Awareness: Create awareness about disaster risk reduction and preparedness

among individuals and communities through electronic, print and folk media • Education: Include disaster management education in curriculum of schools and

professional courses • Training: Train disaster managers at all levels to equip them with necessary

knowledge and skills • Retraining: Upgrade knowledge and skills through periodic training and exercises • Sensitization: Sensitize policy and decision makers at national and provincial

levels

14. Module Outlines

• Taking cue from frequent collapse of buildings in Delhi even without facing any earthquake shaking it is required to ascertain safety of many such buildings before they face collapse?

• To understand structural and nonstructural vulnerability of buildings in Delhi from ensuing earthquake threat it is decided to train a pool of professionals based on

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direct exposure to the building performance test methodology and preliminary safety evaluation by RVS procedure

• To develop a trained manpower/engineers for structural safety evaluation of buildings in Delhi

This training not only aims at improving practical knowledge base of trainees but also devise an analysis tool for ascribing some vulnerability index to each building surveyed. It also aims at making proficient engineers in Delhi, who shall be assisting Govt. to take corrective measures in the certification of safe and unsafe buildings in the city. Importance would be given to the documentation of entire training process in the form of making a DVD by incorporating all field exercises/demonstration, performance tests and inspection details. 15. Structure of the Training

Classroom lectures by experts •••• Introduction to Delhi Civic facilities, Master plan-2021 and infrastructures

developments, past disaster events and their impact on national economy •••• Disaster management system of Delhi and outlay of the future plans •••• Earthquake history of Delhi and vulnerability profile •••• Familiarity with building bye-laws and National Building Code - 2005 •••• Sharing Lessons from the forensic investigation of building Collapse •••• Tools and technique for building vulnerability assessment •••• Fire safety evaluation of buildings and other important installation •••• Nondestructive and destructive investigation of buildings – state of the art

development •••• Testing and accreditation of building materials Field inspection of building – RVS Three simple RVS formats included and two sample report by experts are included Checking buildings strength – field demonstration • Vulnerability checking of buildings in Delhi by Rapid Visual Screening (RVS)

followed by Detailed Vulnerability Mapping (DVM) through field inspection and structural integrity testing and onsite demonstration

• 3D scanning and imaging of buildings in Delhi and interpretation of images by customized software

Case studies • Lalita park building collapse investigation and some other reports Hands on exercise and software

•••• RVS of selected buildings in Delhi and classification of collected data on special purpose SOFTWARE being developed at NIDM

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Training evaluation and feedback by participants Reporting by course coordinator

Target no.

= 300 (Engineers = 250, Architects = 30, Town planners = 20) from line agencies in NCT Delhi Batches

= one batch with 50 in each (= 300/50=6 trainings) in a span of 3 months Training Duration

3 days => RVS training (2 days class room instruction and 1 day field tests and inspection) Venue: NIDM, IIPA campus, New Delhi 16. Who should attend

Engineers, architects and town planners selected from MCD, DDA, CPWD, DTTDC, DDMA, NDMC, Delhi Cantt. Board, and other line agencies directly or indirectly dealing with building and infrastructure safety, regulation and sanctioning of building plans.

17. Mode of training

•••• Classroom lecture by experts with case examples and evaluation of vulnerability from seismic and fire hazards

•••• Onsite evaluation of building vulnerability using Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) based on prescribed format on 2nd and 3rd day and presenting the outcome on 4th day.

•••• Use of simple NDT instruments at the site for checking structural health conditions of buildings

•••• Reporting of safety status of building based on data collection by the participants and interpretation of the same through a customized software with professional judgement

•••• Training evaluation by participants

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18. Faculty for the programme 1. Chandan Ghosh, Professor & Head [Geohazards], NIDM

[cghosh24@gmail.com] Role –

• Overall coordination of training activities in liaison with NDMA, MCD and other line agencies,

• Framing draft training module and consultation with other experts members • liaison with MCD-NDMA and other line agencies for construction site selection,

constitution of manpower for the field tests and RVS data collection, • Demonstration of special purpose software on RVS being developed at NIDM • Compilation of RVS data and experience sharing with participants • Sharing experience of vulnerability mapping in East Delhi • Taking lectures on tools and techniques being used for vulnerability mapping • Framing field tests type and demonstration in consultation with other experts

2. CVR Murty, Professor of Civil Engg., IIT-Madras [cvrm@iitm.ac.in] Role-

• Checking and moderation of entire training road map suiting conditions with trainees serving their parent department

• Taking lectures on earthquake impacts and giving concrete outline of the Vulnerability mapping of buildings

• Expert judgments on the mode of training of building professionals and defining roles and responsibilities of civic authorities of the country

• Sharing of damage assessment tools and techniques applied elsewhere in the country

• Guidance for developing seismic safety audit manual for the country • Making IIT-M expertise and equipment/facilities available for the training

3. Anup Karanth, Sr. Specialist, TARU, Gurgaon [anup.karanth@gmail.com]

Role- • Finalization of RVS format and adapting of case studies of RVS done elsewhere • Inspection of fire and other installations during field inspection with participants • Taking lectures on nonstructural mitigation and experience sharing of the GIS

application in hazard mapping • Setting questions and proficiency assessment tools for the trainees

4. Chandra Bhakuni, QuakeSchool Org., Ahmedabad [Chandra@quakeschool.org]

• Sharing of post earthquake damage statistics across the country • Taking lectures on architectural components leading to vulnerability • Sharing experience from field

5. Samit Ray Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, IIT-Kanpur [samitrc@iitk.ac.in]

• Structural safety assessment of dangerous buildings in Delhi

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• Instrumentation for building health monitoring • Interpretation of RVS data and evaluation of vulnerability curves

6. Sanjay Pant, Director (Civil), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

[sanjaypant@bis.org.in]

• Explanation of building byelaws and national building code -2005 • Issues on quality construction materials and highlighting relevant IS codes • Development of the training module

19. Evaluation of the programme The final session of the programme will be devoted to discussion, evaluation of the course content and valediction. The participants will be supplied with an evaluation proforma, which may be completed and handed over to the Programme staff.

20. CERTIFICATE A Certificate will be awarded to each participant on successful completion of the programme.

Prof. Chandan Ghosh, NIDM, taking lectures in the 2nd RVS trg. at NIDM

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By the end of training, the participants should be able to: � Understand basics of structural safety assessment and draw lessons from the past

earthquakes � Seismic Vulnerability of buildings by conducting field survey based on simple format � Usage of automated RVS software for data input, calculation and representing the

same in GIS layers � Various methodology of RVS followed in Europe and USA. and familiarity of the

building typology projects ongoing in India � Earthquake related codes in India and National Building Code-2005 � Familiarity with nonstructural hazards identification and mitigation measures � Identify the key components of a retrofit (shear walls, bracings, foundation, anchor

bolts, base isolators, sill plates & other connections). � Understand basic methods for reducing earthquake hazards of overhead water

tanks, building appendages, gas lines, brick veneer, and other nonstructural as well as architectural components.

� Generally explain the building permit requirements, warranties, and liabilities related to seismic retrofit work.

� Evaluate vulnerability of buildings by NDT – ultrasonic, rebound hammer, reinforcement scanner

� Evaluation of vulnerability class based on sample building survey and decision making on the seismic status of “dangerous buildings” in Delhi.

Participants of the 1st RVS training program held from April 24-27, 2012 at NIDM

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21. Specific suggestions from participants for improving the course and response by course coordinator during course evaluation exercise on 27th April 2012.

• Participants felt that RVS exercise done during course period was simpler than what was exercised last year in East Delhi. It would be of little use for identifying unsafe/dangerous buildings in Delhi

o The RVS course consisted of lectures by eminent experts and practical demonstration by two teams respectively on 3D scanner+ Imaging and also on rebound hammer/ultrasonic pulse velocity tests on concrete arranged at Lalita park building collapse site, East Delhi. Participants came to attend the trg. for RVS but they have realized that by visual inspection of buildings from outside a professional can’t comment on it structural safety. Therefore, RVS is being taken up as “walking survey” for preliminary assessment of seismic vulnerability

• Lessons from the Lalita Park building collapse were discussed in details but majority wanted to know the criteria for scores of other dangerous buildings in the city. Though they have been exposed to some of the NDT techniques in the field yet they wanted more field oriented exercise

• While framing the trg. proposal and subsequent consultation held at NDMA along the core experts members on March 12, 2012, it was suggested by NDMA that only a trg. on RVS will be given to MCD engineers. Therefore, no scope for extensive field inspection and testing envisaged during planning phase of the trg. However, the trg. coordinator felt it necessary to have practical trg.

• In this program we have a got a team from GeoKno company to demonstrate 3D laser scanning and Imaging of building at Lalita park, a team from Ambhuja Cement

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Excellent Very good Moderate Average Fair

1 Structure & Organization of Course

2 Contents

3 Course Material

4 Quality of Presentation

5 Immediate Use

6 Future Use

7 Inspiration Factor

8 Mutual Interaction

Program sustainability

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7hrs Chandan Ghosh (NIDM)

27%

2hrs Sanjay Pant, BIS

8%2hrs Anup Karanth, TARU

8%

1hr Yogesh Barot, Ambuja

4%

2hr N. Balaji, GeoKno

8%

1hr UL team4%

4hrs Ambuja team15%

5hrs Chandan Ghosh + Anup

Karanth19%

to measure concrete quality by ultrasonic pulse meter and also team from Bangalore to demonstrate fire safety in buildings

• Participants wanted all materials (ppts etc.) to be supplied in CD o These were given during valediction ceremony along with many other RVS

format and reading materials • Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) exercise around the Lalita park, East Delhi, was

done as sample exercise during training but some of the parameters mentioned in the RVS format were not possible to determine just by seeing buildings from outside. They want proper guidelines in doing so at their own level

o RVS training gave them an idea about building vulnerabilities in Delhi vis-à-vis taking note of construction history of buildings. Without proper data

• Duration of training should be shorter than 4 days and it may be offered in their office premises and/or in a place out of Delhi

o Rest of trg. will be arranged for 3 days only

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Excellent Very Good Good Satisfactory Poor

Logistic Arrangements

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- 22 -

22. Snapshots of 2nd RVS training held from June 27-29, 2012

Prof. Chandan Ghosh taking lectures on the 1st day of 2nd RVS trg. program at NIDM

Prof. CVR Murty, IIT-Madras taking classes in the 2nd RVS trg. program at NIDM

- 23 -

Discussion session on the field experience and database interpretation exercise by Prof. Ghosh

23.Way forward While it is important to impart practical trainings to all those working in the construction

field, it is realized that theory and practice should go side by side. We have been talking about retrofitting and strengthening of selected buildings/hospitals so much but who cares for the their health assessment? Therefore, it is suggested that:

a) Select a group of master trainers nationally and regionally – say 10 groups, each

consisting 5-6 experts selected either from those who are already trained by NRI and SRI (if required, let them be retrained for a month with the broad objectives of NERMP) or thru’ open advertisement so that each expert in the group will be able to cover subject matter prescribed for training of engineers, architects and masons. These groups shall be empowered to decide training programs across the country with requisite financial grant under the broad policy of MHA/NDMA. A road map for the selection of master trainers along with TOR may be developed.

b) After formalization of the expert groups as proposed above, NDMA shall be in a

position to issue directives to the Municipal authorities, ULBs..across the country that all new construction henceforth must be thoroughly examined/checked by these experts starting from design to material selection to construction quality monitoring, bar bending scheduling, concrete curing time etc. by way of field tests, demonstration and monitoring. Mere seeking of Structural safety certificate from Engineers has no feasible basis unless tests are done thoroughly in the field and laboratory.

c) Select organizations like CPWD, PWD, MCs, ULBs, ..own premises or convenient places dailso that the organizations do not face problems of manpower shortage in themselves. These programs may be customized according to the needs of the organization and practical feasibility to address earthquake impact

d) At the premises of the organisations like

trainings will be arranged, NDMA shall encourage practical assessment of building design, construction supervision & monitoring, certification strategy etc. during training period or mutually accepted time period by experts groups so that teaching essence shown in the closed class rooms are brought directly to practical implementation and demonstration for the public in general. The organizations shall be encouraged to adof the scheduled trg. classes shall be held.

e) NDMA shall encourage establishment of a

mall) where all civil construction materials such as sand, cement, bricks, geosynthetics, wood, bamboo, construction equipments and machineries etc. shall be made available along with offices for certified architect, engineers, develocontractor, mason, mistry, carpenter, plumber..hands on training for earthquake resistant construction shall be given in the Civil Haat/Mall.

f) NDMA shall encourage making a team of experts group consisted of civil

engineers, architects, mason, buildersuch as; Ground penetrating radars, 3D buildings scanners, SPT, CPT, SCPT, ultrasonic pulse velocity meter, rebound hammer, core cutter, etc. young people from reputed research organisations of the couto handle above equipments. After training they shall be deployed to assess buildings across the country of earthquake/flood induced vulnerability of buildings/establishments.

Professor & Head

NATIONAL I

Ministry of Home Affairs,

- 24 -

Select organizations like CPWD, PWD, MCs, ULBs, ..and conduct training at their or convenient places daily from 4PM to 6PM or in the morning hours

so that the organizations do not face problems of manpower shortage in themselves. These programs may be customized according to the needs of the organization and practical feasibility to address earthquake impact

At the premises of the organisations like CPWD, NBCC, DDA, MCDtrainings will be arranged, NDMA shall encourage practical assessment of building design, construction supervision & monitoring, certification strategy etc. during

ing period or mutually accepted time period by experts groups so that teaching essence shown in the closed class rooms are brought directly to practical implementation and demonstration for the public in general. The organizations shall be encouraged to adopt an ongoing civil construction siteof the scheduled trg. classes shall be held.

NDMA shall encourage establishment of a mega civil haatmall) where all civil construction materials such as sand, cement, bricks, geosynthetics, wood, bamboo, construction equipments and machineries etc. shall be made available along with offices for certified architect, engineers, develocontractor, mason, mistry, carpenter, plumber..hands on training for earthquake resistant construction shall be given in the Civil Haat/Mall.

NDMA shall encourage making a team of experts group consisted of civil engineers, architects, mason, builders who shall be facilitated with instruments such as; Ground penetrating radars, 3D buildings scanners, SPT, CPT, SCPT, ultrasonic pulse velocity meter, rebound hammer, core cutter, etc.

from reputed research organisations of the couto handle above equipments. After training they shall be deployed to assess buildings across the country of earthquake/flood induced vulnerability of buildings/establishments.

For suggestions please contact

����������������� ���������

Dr. Chandan Ghosh

Professor & Head, GeoHazards Division

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTIIPA Campus, I.P. Estate

Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi 110 002Email: cghosh24@gmail.com

conduct training at their or in the morning hours

so that the organizations do not face problems of manpower shortage in themselves. These programs may be customized according to the needs of the organization and practical feasibility to address earthquake impact assessment.

CPWD, NBCC, DDA, MCD..., when trainings will be arranged, NDMA shall encourage practical assessment of building design, construction supervision & monitoring, certification strategy etc. during

ing period or mutually accepted time period by experts groups so that teaching essence shown in the closed class rooms are brought directly to practical implementation and demonstration for the public in general. The organizations shall

ongoing civil construction site where more than 40%

mega civil haat (much like shopping mall) where all civil construction materials such as sand, cement, bricks, geosynthetics, wood, bamboo, construction equipments and machineries etc. shall be made available along with offices for certified architect, engineers, developer, contractor, mason, mistry, carpenter, plumber..hands on training for earthquake

NDMA shall encourage making a team of experts group consisted of civil s who shall be facilitated with instruments

such as; Ground penetrating radars, 3D buildings scanners, SPT, CPT, SCPT, ultrasonic pulse velocity meter, rebound hammer, core cutter, etc. Atleast 10

from reputed research organisations of the country shall be trained to handle above equipments. After training they shall be deployed to assess buildings across the country of earthquake/flood induced vulnerability of

GeoHazards Division

NSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

002

Training schedule Title: Seismic Safety Assessment of Buildings in De lhi by RVS

Venue: National Institute of Disaster Management, I IPA Campus, New Delhi

Experts:

1. Prof. Chandan Ghosh, NIDM [CG] 2. Prof. CVR Murty, IIT-Madras [CVR] 3. Shri Anup Karanth, TARU, Gurgaon [AK] 4. Dr Samit Rai, IIT-Kanpur [SR]

Industry experts

5. AIMIL Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Time Wednesday July 25, 2012

Thursday July 26, 2012

Friday July 27, 2012

9:30-10:00 Registration 10:00 -11:15 Inaugural function

RVS of buildings, reporting and decision making [CG+AK]

Discussion on field inspection – [CG+AK ] Structural safety assessment of dangerous buildings in context of Delhi –[CG]

Interpretation of RVS data of East Delhi by RVS special purpose software developed at NIDM – [CG]

11:15-11:30 Tea break 11:30-13:00 Structural

Vulnerability of Building - issues and concern [SR]

Consultation on RVS Format for Masonry buildings -[CG+AK ]

Fire/building safety auditing and Compliance – [AK]

13:00-14:00 Lunch break 14:00-15:15 Consultation on

RVS Format for RCC buildings –[CVR/CG+AK/SR]

Demonstration of field equipments for Rebar location+ scanning+ NDT [AIMIL]

Presentation of field experience by participants – interpretation of RVS data [CG+AK]

15:15-15:30 Tea break 15:30-17:00 RVS of selected

RCC buildings - Field inspection and data collection-[CVR+CG+AK]

RVS of selected Masonry buildings - Field inspection and data collection [CG+AK+AIMIL ]

Course evaluation and valedictory function

17:00-17:15 Summary of day’s proceedings