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Trading Systems Review
AP World History
Before 600 BCE
• Mainly localized trade
• Mesopotamia was known to trade with Ancient Egypt
• Hittites (nomadic group) facilitated trade in between
600 BCE – 600 CE
Silk Road
• Han Dynasty, Maurya, Gupta, Rome
• Impacts• Spread of Buddhism from India to China
Buddhism changed by deifying Buddha
Indian Ocean
• Maurya, Gupta, Han, Rome, Persia, Southeast Asia
• Rome didn’t directly trade in the Indian Ocean but was connect to it through the Mediterranean
• Monsoon Winds – made trade predictable
• Impact• Hinduism reached Southeast Asia
600 – 1450
Silk Road
• Tang/Song Dynasties, Mongol Empire, Islamic Caliphates, India
• Mongols – revived Silk Road & made it safer
• Impact:• Bubonic Plague (Black Death) helped end
feudalism in Europe creation of nation-states
• Spread of Islam into India influenced by Hindu practices
Indian Ocean Trade
• Tang/Song Dynasties, Southeast Asia, India, East Africa (Swahili States), Islamic Caliphates
• New navigation technology: compass, astrolabe, lateen sail, junks
• Impact• Islam reaches E. Africa (Arabic), SE Asia & China (Zheng
He)
• New tech reaches W. Europe opens them up for exploration
• Slavery from East Africa
• Sinification of Japan, Korea, Vietnam Japan took language and bureaucratic system but kept feudal structure
Trans-Saharan
• Islamic Caliphate (N. Africa) Ghana & Mali (W. Africa)
• Gold (W) & Salt (N)
• Impact• Spread of Islam (Mansa Musa & Ibn Battuta) adopted by the elite but not the common people
1450 – 1750
Globalization
• Americas join the Eastern Hemisphere
• Spanish, Portuguese, British, Dutch, Ottomans, Ming, Japan, Southeast Asia
• Ming start closing their borders no active exploration
• Silk Road obsolete
Columbian Exchange
• Western Europe & Latin America
• Impact• Native
• 90+% population killed (smallpox & war)
• Introduction of horses more hunting for plains Indians
• Europeans
• Increase in health and life expectancy new food and nutrients (potato)
Triangular Trade (Atlantic System)
• W. Europe (manufactured goods) W. Africa (slaves) Colonies (raw materials) W. Europe
• Impact• Atlantic Slave Trade
• Males population decreases in W. Africa
• Wars between W. Africa nations for slaves
• Brazil & Caribbean get most slaves plantations high mortality rate
• South America sustained population
• Rise of wealthy business class
• Sparks Industrial Revolution in Britain free/cheap raw materials + new markets
• Hacienda system created in Latin American colonies exploitation of native
Silver Trade
• Peru & Mexico, Spain, China
• Impact• Ruined Chinese & Spanish economy
inflation
• Decline of the Spanish Empire
1750 - 1900
Imperialism
• Industrial Revolution need raw materials
• Revolutions in Americas need new markets
• Ottomans & Qing leave trade
• Economic Imperialism British take over Qing trade (opium)
• United States enters trade Japan (Meiji Restoration)
• Panama (US controlled) & Suez (British controlled) Canals make trade faster
1900 - Present
Trade Regulatory Organization
• OPEC – control oil
• World Trade Organization – organize trade
• NAFTA – no tariffs between Canada, US, Mexico
• European Union – reduce tariffs for member countries
• Impact• Economic dependence depression
• Increased global access to variety of goods
• Spread of ideas new inventions
• Disease epidemics Flu