Traders, Invaders and the Roots of Judaism

Sacred Western Wall in Jerusalem and Islamic Dome of the Rock

10/25

•Discuss central beliefs of Judaism and its legacy on world history

•Identify and discuss characteristics of Persia

Objectives:

The Phoenicians created separate city states along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea (present day Lebanon) in 1100 BCE

Seafarers, the Phoenicians were traders, bringing goods to the trading centers of Byblos, Sidon and Tyre. They were known for superior shipbuilding.

Phoenician colonies developed in North Africa,Spain and Sicily. Phoenician traders controlledtrade in the Mediterranean Sea and were the first totravel along the Atlantic coast.

Achievements of the Phoenicians

• Master ship builders and seafarers

• Produced purple dye, highly valued in its day

• Developed the alphabet used for trade and adopted around the world.

• Established trade routes outside the

Mediterranean around the continent

of Europe

Hittites invade from the NorthernCaucasus Mountain region

Settling in Anatolia around 2000 BCE

They were Indo-Europeans.Many of the world’s languagescame fromthis languagefamily.

HittiteCapital

Hittite Achievements• Excelled in the technology of war

• Chariots and use of Iron were superior

•Had a code oflaws that was similar to Hammurabi’sCode but not as harsh

The Roots of Judaism

Canaan, in

present-day

Israel became

the home for

Hebrews

between 2000

600 BCE

They would later become known as the Jews which describes the geographic area of the tribe of Judah

Why are the Hebrews so important in World History?

They were the first to believe in only one god, also called Monotheism. Twoother world religions would be influencedby Hebrew beliefs.

Abraham, the father of Judaism is also aprophet in Islam. Does anyone know why?

Abraham, the father of monotheism,

had two sons

Hebrews andChristians aredescendents

ArabicMuslims are descendents

Isaac Ishmael

The story of the Hebrews

•Abraham was told by God (“Yahweh”) to take his people to the land of Canaan which was the promised land.

•Drought and famine forced the Hebrews to migrate to Egypt where they were forced into slavery.

The story of the Hebrews:

•Moses survived as male babies were ordered killed. He was raised by an Egyptian princess.

•The Exodus: Moses led the Hebrews out of Egypt and out of slavery—today celebrated as Passover.

•Moses received the Ten Commandments upon Mount Sinai

The Torah, which is the most sacred text for Hebrews, is also the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.

Central beliefs of Judaism

•Belief in one god – Monotheism

•God promised to care for the Hebrewsin return for their promises to follow God’s law. This is called a covenant.

•The Torah contains the written recordsand beliefs of the Jews

•The Ten Commandments are the moralcode that Jews are expected to abide by.

The Hebrews from 1020-922 BCE

Hebrew KingsDavidEstablished Jerusalem as the capital

SolomonBuilt a sacred temple in Jerusalem that housed the Ark of the Covenant which contained the tablets of Moses’ law.

Building of the temple caused very high taxes and the Northern Hebrews revolted. The kingdom divided into two – Israel in the North and Judah in the south.

The Western or Wailing wall- the only remainsof the sacred temple in Jerusalem

Jerusalem was conquered many times but in 586, the Babylonians conquered the Jews anddestroyed the temple. Many Jews were exiled to Babylon.

The scattering of the Jews that were not exiled is known as the Jewish Diaspora. The second Jewish Diaspora occurs when Rome conquered Jerusalem in 70 CE.

The Jewish Diaspora

Persians came from present day Iran- they ruled the most powerful empire in the world. Cyrus freed the Jews and allowed them to return to Jerusalem.

In 539 BCE a new conqueror arrived –his name was Cyrus and he was the leader of the Persians.

Nubia and Kush Rise between 2000 and1000 BCE

As Egypt’s empire fades, Kush establishesa dynasty in Egypt and adoptsEgyptian culture.

Ancient pyramids of Meroe, capital of Kush

By 671 BCE, theAssyrians had conquered Egyptwhile the Kushites retreated southto Meroe where Kushite civilization flourished.

Meroe

Picture citations

http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/jerusalem-western-wall-pictures/slides/from-above-cc-john-spier.htmhttp://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/gaddis/HST210/Sept11/NearEastMap.jpghttp://www.kznnorthhappenings.co.za/images/images_natalhistory/phoenicianship.jpghttp://www.phoenician.org/alphabet_phoenician.GIFhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/images/2007/01/11/torah_scroll_300_300x400.jpghttp://www.aug.edu/~nprinsky/Humn2001/hb-bk.JPGhttp://images.buycostumes.com/mgen/merchandiser/24921.jpghttp://www.claudemariottini.com/blog/uploaded_images/black-pharaohs-728993.jpghttp://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_04_77.gifhttp://www.advertisingbydesign.com/TheWord/maps/grafx/ancient-hebrews.jpghttp://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/jerusalem-western-wall-pictures/view-c-zyzy.jpg