1

Tracking Non-residential Pesticide Use in Urban Areas

of California

Nila KreidichUC Davis, IPM Graduate Program

Under the direction of: Mary Lou Flint, Cheryl Wilen, and Minghua Zhang

Objectives1. Identify non-residential pesticide user groups in

urban environments2. Examine the pesticide use trends of groups

who report pesticide use3. Investigate the sources of information about

pesticides and IPM within each user group4. Develop recommendations on comprehensive

and effective outreach approach/ strategy for urban insecticide user groups

2

Methods• DPR Pesticide Use Report

(PUR) database– Examined non-agricultural

pesticide use data• Interviews• Surveys

– Pest Management Professionals– UCCE Advisors– Pest Control Companies– Apartment Managers– Pet Groomers and Kennels– Cemeteries– Parks and Recreation

Departments

Study SitesArea of study: Sacramento, San Diego, and Orange County

Arcade Creek Watershed Chollas Creek Watershed San Diego Creek & UpperNewport Bay Watershed

25 sq miles38 sq miles 125 sq miles

56% 67%% Residential

15-20%

3

Pesticide User Groups

• Structural Pest Control• Licensed Landscape

Professionals• Public Agency Pest Control

– Right-of-Ways– Public Health– Regulatory Pest Control

Groups that Report Pesticide Use:

Reported Non-agricultural Pesticide Use in California

40%

15%

32%

12% 1%

Structural Pest Control Landscape Maintenance

Right-of-ways Public Health

Regulatory Pest Control

,

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

lbs

of act

ive ingre

die

nt

Structural Pest Control Landscape Maintenance

Right-of-ways Public Health Pest Control

Regulatory Pest Control

4

2003 Non-fumigant Insecticide Use

Sacramento % San Diego % Orange %

Structural Pest Control 44294 93% 206951 90% 258306 98%

Landscape Maintenance 1984 4% 22737 10% 2929 1%

Right-of-ways 207 0.4% 137 0.1% 921 0.4%

Public Health Pest Control 988 2% 142 0.1% 562 0.2%

Regulatory Pest Control 4 0.01% 401 0.2% 145 0.1%TOTAL 47476 230369 262863

Sacramento % San Diego % Orange %

Structural Pest Control 1394 1% 3360 2% 17 0%

Landscape Maintenance 39533 39% 58356 38% 65366 53%

Right-of-ways 56825 56% 91943 60% 58928 47%

Public Health Pest Control 39 0.04% 1 0.00% 161 0.1%

Regulatory Pest Control 4037 4% 82 0.1% 17 0.01%

TOTAL 101828 153743 124490

2003 Herbicide Use

5

Pesticide User Groups

• Residents who apply pesticides to their homes or landscapes

• Maintenance Gardeners (some)• Pet Groomers/ Kennels• Commercial• Institutional• Industrial• The Department of Defense

Groups who are not licensed and generally do not report pesticide use:

Structural Pest Control

% of state total use, 2003:

• 14% Orange

• 12% San Diego

• 2% Sacramento

Total lbs of a.i. applied, 2003

• 258,306 in Orange

• 206,951 in San Diego

• 44,294 in Sacramento

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

Adjusted ratio of lbs of

active ingredient*

2000 2001 2002 2003

Insecticide Use Trends, Adjusted for Building Density

Sacramento Orange San Diego

Non-fumigant Insecticide Use Trends

6

Structural Pest ControlFumigant Use Trends

• The most frequently used fumigant in California is sulfuryl fluoride

• Drywood termites + high population density in San Diego and Orange Counties = more fumigant use

• 3,106,333 lbs of a.i. of sulfuryl fluoride was applied in CA in 2003

Sulfuryl Fluoride Use, thousands of lbs of a.i.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

2003

lbs

of a

ctiv

e ingre

die

nt

Sacramento County San Diego County Orange County

How is reported non-fumigant insecticide use changing in

California?

Structural Pest Control

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

lbs

of a

ctiv

e in

gred

ient

Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos

Select Pyrethroids*

7

Structural Pest Control

The reported use of diazinon and chlorpyrifos has been steadily declining

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Adju

sted

lbs

of a

ctiv

e in

gred

ient

*

Sacramento San Diego Orange

Y= -0.0117x + 23.414

R2 = 0.4251

Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Use Trends, adjusted for building density

Structural Pest Control

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Adju

sted lbs

of

act

ive ingre

die

nt

Sacramento San Diego Orange

Y= 0.0042x - 8.3478

R2 = 0.67

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

lbs

of

active

ingre

die

nt

Sacramento County

Orange County

San Diego County

The reported use of select pyrethroids and fipronil has been increasing

Fipronil Use Trends (1997-2003) Select Pyrethroid Use Trends, adjusted

for building density

8

The number of OP and pyrethroid applicationsStructural Pest Control

San Diego County

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

num

ber

of applic

ations

Select Pyrethroids

diazinon &chlorpyrifos

Orange County

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

num

ber

of ap

plic

atio

ns

Select Pyrethroids

diazinon & chlorpyrifos

What pyrethroids are gaining popularity?

Structural Pest Control

San Diego Count

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

lbs

of a

ctiv

e in

gred

ient

Bifenthrin

Cypermethrin

Deltamethrin

lambda-cyhalothrin

Permethrin

Cyfluthrin

Orange County

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

19931994 1995 1996 1997 19981999 2000 2001 20022003

lbs

of

act

ive

ingre

die

nt

Bifenthrin

Cypermethrin

Deltamethrin

Lambda-cyhalothrin

Permethrin

Cyfluthrin

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Who are they?• Professional landscape maintenance companies• Golf Course Superintendents• Parks and Recreation Departments• Cemetery Landscape Managers• Sports Turf Managers• Landscape Pest Specialists

This group is reachable!

Licensed Landscape Professionals????

A substantial portion of pesticides applied to turf and ornamentals goes unreported in CA!

Licensed Landscape ProfessionalsPesticide Use Breakdown, 2003

San Diego

45%

1%9%

23%

22%

Oil

Molluscicide

Insecticide

Herbicide

Fungicide

Sacramento County

6% 0%

4%

75%

15%

Orange County

2%2%3%

27%

66%

10

Perfect lawns and ornamentalplant beds = herbicides

Herbicide Use Trends

Licensed Landscape Professionals

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

lbs

of a.i.

per

build

ing u

nit

Sacramento San Diego Orange

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

lbs

of act

ive ingre

die

nt

SacramentoSan DiegoOrange

Glyphosate Use

Herbicide Use, Adjusted for Building Unit Density

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The reported use of diazinon and chlorpyrifos has been decreasing

Licensed Landscape Professionals

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0.002

0.0025

0.003

0.0035

0.004

0.0045

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003lbs

of

active

ingre

die

nt

adju

sted

for

build

ing d

ensi

ty*

Sacramento San Diego Orange

Y= -0.0003x + 0.6795

R2 = 0.3376

Insecticide Use

The reported use of imidacloprid has been increasing

Licensed Landscape Professionals

0

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.001

0.0012

0.0014

19951996

19971998

1999

2000

2001

20022003

lbs

of act

ive ingre

die

nt

adju

sted for

build

ing d

ensi

ty

Sacramento San Diego Orange County

Insecticide Use

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Public Agency Pest Control: Right-of-Ways

• Majority of use is herbicides (refer to 2003 data below)

• In 2003, the two most frequently applied herbicides were glyphosate and diuron

Sacramento Count

Herbicides67%

Algicides6%

Adjuvants3%

Fumigants9%

Fungicides

Insecticides10%

Other1%

Herbicides 56825Insecticides 8067Fumigants 7259Algicides 5313Fungicides 3805Adjuvants 2893Other* 519

TOTAL 166451

Pounds of Active Ingredient Used

Public Agency Pest Control: Public Health

• 12% of the total reported non-agricultural pesticide use in CA

• In 2003, > 50% of the pesticides applied were oils

• As a result of the West Nile Virus, it is expected that insecticide use will increase

13

Public Agency Pest Control: Public Health

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

lbs

of

act

ive in

gre

die

nt

Sacramento

San Diego

Orange

Trends in Public Health Pesticide Use (1993- 2003)

Public Agency Pest Control: Regulatory Pest Control

Of the total non-agricultural pesticide use in CA, in 2003 only 1% was reported under this category

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Lbs

of Act

ive I

ngre

die

nt

Applie

d

Sacramento County

San Diego County

Orange County

Pesticide Use Trends

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Conclusions

• The PUR database is valuable tool; however, it only represents a fraction of total urban pesticide use

• PUR data is generally reliable for structural pest control and public agency pest control

• Structural pest control accounts for over 90% of the total reported insecticide use

Research funded by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation

Contract 02-0198CUrban Insecticide Users Outreach

Strategy Development Study

Special thanks to Nan Singhasemanon and my thesis committee

Acknowledgements

15

Report will be available this spring on DPR’s website: http://www.cdpr.ca.gov

Additional information:Nila Kreidich- nikreidich@ucdavis.eduMary Louise Flint- mlflint@ucdavis.edu

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