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Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs From Alice Arm Hastings Arm and ObservatoryInlet BC
MA Farrell and MD Nassichuk
Water Quality Unit Habitat Management 0 ivision Field Services Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans 1090 West Pender Street Vancouver British Columbia V6E 2P1
June 1984 GULF REGIONAL LlIiRARY FISHERIES AND OCEANS
BIBlIOTHEQUE REGION DU GOLFE PECHES ET OCEANS
Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467
Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Data reports provide a medium for filing and archiving data compilations where little or no analysis is included Such compilations commonly will have been prepared in support of other journal publications or reports The subject matter of data reports renects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans namely fisheries and aquatic sciences
Data reports are not intended for general distribution and the contents must not be referred to in other publications without prior written authorization from the issuing establishment The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report Data reports are abstracted in Aqllalic Sciences alld Fisheries A bSlraCls and indexed in the Departments annual index to scientific and technical publications
Numbers 1-25 in this series were issued as Fisheries and Marine Service Data Records Numbers 26- 160 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environshyment Fisheries and Marine Service Data Reports The current series name was introshyduced with the publication of report number 161
Data reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page Out-or-stock reports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents
Rapport statistique canadien des sciences haJieutiques et aquatiques
Les rapports statistiques servent a c1asser et a archiver les compilations de donnees pour lesquelles i~ y a peu ou point danalyse Ces compilations auront dordishynaire ete preparees a Iappui dautres publications ou rapports Les sujets des rapports statistiques renetent la vaste gamme des inten~ts et des politiques du ministere des Peches et des Oceans cest-a-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques
Les rapports statistiques ne sont pas destines a une vaste distribution et leur contenu ne doit pas etre mentionne dans une publication sans autorisation ecrite prealable de retablissement auteur Le titre exact parait au-dessus du resume de chaque rapport Les rapports statistiques sont resumes dans la revue Resumes des sciellces aqualiques el haliellliqlles et ils sont classes dans Iindex annuel des publicashytions scientifiques et techniques du Ministere
Les numeros I it 25 de cette serie ont ete pu blies a tit re de releves stat ist iques Sershyvices des peches et de la mer Les numeros 26 it 160 ont ete publies a titre de rapports statistiques du Service des peches et de la mer ministere des Peches et de IEnvironneshyment Le nom actuel de la serie a ete etabli lors de la partHion du numero 161
Les rapports statistiques sont produits a Iechelon regional mais numerotes a Iechelon national Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par letabJissement auteur dont Ie nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre Les rapports cpuises seront fournis contre retribution par des agents commerciaux
bull
Canadian Data Report of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467
June 1984
bull
FROM
TRACE METAL LEVELS IN BIVALVES AND CRABS
ALICE ARM HASTINGS ARM AND OBSERVATORY INLET BC bull
by
MA Farrell and MD Nassichuk
Water Quality Unit Habitat Management Divison
Field Services Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans
1090 West Pender Street Vancouver BC V6E 2pl
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bull
Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1984
Cat No Fs 97-13467E ISSN 0706-6465
Correct citation for this publication
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace metal levels in bivalves and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci 467 vii + 42 p
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
bull LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF APPENDICES v
ABSTRACT vi
RESUME vii
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
SAMPLE COLLECTION 3 SAMPLE PREPARATION 4
Cockles 4 Crabs 4
LABORATORY ANALYSIS 5 bull
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6
COCKLES GENERAL 6bull Arsenic 7 Cadmium 7 Chromium 8 Copper 8 Lead 8 Manganese 9 Mercury 9 Molybdenum 9 Ni ckel 10 Zinc 10
CRABS GENERAL 10 Arsenic 1 1 Cadmium 1 1 Chromium 12 Copper 12 Lead 13 Manganese 13 Mercury 13 Molybdenum 14 Nickel bullbullbullbullbull 14 Zinc 15
CONCLUSION 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17
REFERENCES 18
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LIST OF FIGURES Pa_ge
FIGURE
FIGURE 2
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
TABLE 10
Study areas in northern British Columbia bullbullbullbullbull 21
Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 22
LIST OF TABLES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Observatory Inlet BC analyzed
Hastings Arm and for trace metals 23
Otter trawl coordinates and depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 24
Crab pot locations depths and soak and Hastings Arm October-November
times in Alice 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 25
Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Po int Observa tory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26
Summary of length weight sex and sample location data for crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm B bull C bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 27
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 0 28
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 29
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 31
Summary of trace metal data in crabs and cockles from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 32
- v -
LIST OF APPENDICES
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed and their detecshytion limits in tissues bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 35
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in refershyence tissue standards bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 37
APPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point 1982 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull 38
APPENDIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and Southern BC locat ions 39
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported from selected coastal locations throughout the world bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 40
bull
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ABSTRACT
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and
bullObserva tory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
Alice Arm the southern terminus of Observatory Inlet in Northern British Columbia is the site of the Amax of Canada Ltd Ki tsaul t molybdenum mine When operat ing the mine discharges approximately 12000 tons of tailings daily into Alice Arm from a submerged outfall located between Roundy and Lime Creeks This discharge has created considerable concern arising in part from the potential for trace metal accumulation in marine organisms which are traditionally harvested in recreational commercial and native food fisheries in the area This study which examined trace metal concentrations in cockles and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet was initiated in response to these concerns
The findings are compared (where applicable) with Health and Welfare standards for acceptable trace metal levels in edible fish tissue as well as with values reported in the literature for bivalves from other coastal locations in British Columbia and elsewhere in the world
Key Words Shellfish cockles crabs trace metals Amax of Canada Ltd Al ice Arm Hastings Arm Observatory Inlet BC
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RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Data reports provide a medium for filing and archiving data compilations where little or no analysis is included Such compilations commonly will have been prepared in support of other journal publications or reports The subject matter of data reports renects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans namely fisheries and aquatic sciences
Data reports are not intended for general distribution and the contents must not be referred to in other publications without prior written authorization from the issuing establishment The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report Data reports are abstracted in Aqllalic Sciences alld Fisheries A bSlraCls and indexed in the Departments annual index to scientific and technical publications
Numbers 1-25 in this series were issued as Fisheries and Marine Service Data Records Numbers 26- 160 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environshyment Fisheries and Marine Service Data Reports The current series name was introshyduced with the publication of report number 161
Data reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page Out-or-stock reports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents
Rapport statistique canadien des sciences haJieutiques et aquatiques
Les rapports statistiques servent a c1asser et a archiver les compilations de donnees pour lesquelles i~ y a peu ou point danalyse Ces compilations auront dordishynaire ete preparees a Iappui dautres publications ou rapports Les sujets des rapports statistiques renetent la vaste gamme des inten~ts et des politiques du ministere des Peches et des Oceans cest-a-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques
Les rapports statistiques ne sont pas destines a une vaste distribution et leur contenu ne doit pas etre mentionne dans une publication sans autorisation ecrite prealable de retablissement auteur Le titre exact parait au-dessus du resume de chaque rapport Les rapports statistiques sont resumes dans la revue Resumes des sciellces aqualiques el haliellliqlles et ils sont classes dans Iindex annuel des publicashytions scientifiques et techniques du Ministere
Les numeros I it 25 de cette serie ont ete pu blies a tit re de releves stat ist iques Sershyvices des peches et de la mer Les numeros 26 it 160 ont ete publies a titre de rapports statistiques du Service des peches et de la mer ministere des Peches et de IEnvironneshyment Le nom actuel de la serie a ete etabli lors de la partHion du numero 161
Les rapports statistiques sont produits a Iechelon regional mais numerotes a Iechelon national Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par letabJissement auteur dont Ie nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre Les rapports cpuises seront fournis contre retribution par des agents commerciaux
bull
Canadian Data Report of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467
June 1984
bull
FROM
TRACE METAL LEVELS IN BIVALVES AND CRABS
ALICE ARM HASTINGS ARM AND OBSERVATORY INLET BC bull
by
MA Farrell and MD Nassichuk
Water Quality Unit Habitat Management Divison
Field Services Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans
1090 West Pender Street Vancouver BC V6E 2pl
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bull
Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1984
Cat No Fs 97-13467E ISSN 0706-6465
Correct citation for this publication
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace metal levels in bivalves and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci 467 vii + 42 p
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
bull LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF APPENDICES v
ABSTRACT vi
RESUME vii
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
SAMPLE COLLECTION 3 SAMPLE PREPARATION 4
Cockles 4 Crabs 4
LABORATORY ANALYSIS 5 bull
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6
COCKLES GENERAL 6bull Arsenic 7 Cadmium 7 Chromium 8 Copper 8 Lead 8 Manganese 9 Mercury 9 Molybdenum 9 Ni ckel 10 Zinc 10
CRABS GENERAL 10 Arsenic 1 1 Cadmium 1 1 Chromium 12 Copper 12 Lead 13 Manganese 13 Mercury 13 Molybdenum 14 Nickel bullbullbullbullbull 14 Zinc 15
CONCLUSION 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17
REFERENCES 18
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LIST OF FIGURES Pa_ge
FIGURE
FIGURE 2
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
TABLE 10
Study areas in northern British Columbia bullbullbullbullbull 21
Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 22
LIST OF TABLES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Observatory Inlet BC analyzed
Hastings Arm and for trace metals 23
Otter trawl coordinates and depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 24
Crab pot locations depths and soak and Hastings Arm October-November
times in Alice 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 25
Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Po int Observa tory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26
Summary of length weight sex and sample location data for crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm B bull C bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 27
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 0 28
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 29
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 31
Summary of trace metal data in crabs and cockles from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 32
- v -
LIST OF APPENDICES
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed and their detecshytion limits in tissues bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 35
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in refershyence tissue standards bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 37
APPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point 1982 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull 38
APPENDIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and Southern BC locat ions 39
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported from selected coastal locations throughout the world bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 40
bull
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ABSTRACT
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and
bullObserva tory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
Alice Arm the southern terminus of Observatory Inlet in Northern British Columbia is the site of the Amax of Canada Ltd Ki tsaul t molybdenum mine When operat ing the mine discharges approximately 12000 tons of tailings daily into Alice Arm from a submerged outfall located between Roundy and Lime Creeks This discharge has created considerable concern arising in part from the potential for trace metal accumulation in marine organisms which are traditionally harvested in recreational commercial and native food fisheries in the area This study which examined trace metal concentrations in cockles and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet was initiated in response to these concerns
The findings are compared (where applicable) with Health and Welfare standards for acceptable trace metal levels in edible fish tissue as well as with values reported in the literature for bivalves from other coastal locations in British Columbia and elsewhere in the world
Key Words Shellfish cockles crabs trace metals Amax of Canada Ltd Al ice Arm Hastings Arm Observatory Inlet BC
- vii shy
RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
- 3 shy
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
- 8 shy
Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
- 10 shy
in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
- 11 shy
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
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APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
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APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
bull
Canadian Data Report of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467
June 1984
bull
FROM
TRACE METAL LEVELS IN BIVALVES AND CRABS
ALICE ARM HASTINGS ARM AND OBSERVATORY INLET BC bull
by
MA Farrell and MD Nassichuk
Water Quality Unit Habitat Management Divison
Field Services Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans
1090 West Pender Street Vancouver BC V6E 2pl
- ii shy
bull
Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1984
Cat No Fs 97-13467E ISSN 0706-6465
Correct citation for this publication
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace metal levels in bivalves and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci 467 vii + 42 p
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
bull LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF APPENDICES v
ABSTRACT vi
RESUME vii
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
SAMPLE COLLECTION 3 SAMPLE PREPARATION 4
Cockles 4 Crabs 4
LABORATORY ANALYSIS 5 bull
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6
COCKLES GENERAL 6bull Arsenic 7 Cadmium 7 Chromium 8 Copper 8 Lead 8 Manganese 9 Mercury 9 Molybdenum 9 Ni ckel 10 Zinc 10
CRABS GENERAL 10 Arsenic 1 1 Cadmium 1 1 Chromium 12 Copper 12 Lead 13 Manganese 13 Mercury 13 Molybdenum 14 Nickel bullbullbullbullbull 14 Zinc 15
CONCLUSION 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17
REFERENCES 18
- iv shy
LIST OF FIGURES Pa_ge
FIGURE
FIGURE 2
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
TABLE 10
Study areas in northern British Columbia bullbullbullbullbull 21
Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 22
LIST OF TABLES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Observatory Inlet BC analyzed
Hastings Arm and for trace metals 23
Otter trawl coordinates and depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 24
Crab pot locations depths and soak and Hastings Arm October-November
times in Alice 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 25
Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Po int Observa tory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26
Summary of length weight sex and sample location data for crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm B bull C bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 27
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 0 28
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 29
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 31
Summary of trace metal data in crabs and cockles from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 32
- v -
LIST OF APPENDICES
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed and their detecshytion limits in tissues bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 35
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in refershyence tissue standards bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 37
APPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point 1982 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull 38
APPENDIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and Southern BC locat ions 39
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported from selected coastal locations throughout the world bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 40
bull
- vi shy
ABSTRACT
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and
bullObserva tory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
Alice Arm the southern terminus of Observatory Inlet in Northern British Columbia is the site of the Amax of Canada Ltd Ki tsaul t molybdenum mine When operat ing the mine discharges approximately 12000 tons of tailings daily into Alice Arm from a submerged outfall located between Roundy and Lime Creeks This discharge has created considerable concern arising in part from the potential for trace metal accumulation in marine organisms which are traditionally harvested in recreational commercial and native food fisheries in the area This study which examined trace metal concentrations in cockles and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet was initiated in response to these concerns
The findings are compared (where applicable) with Health and Welfare standards for acceptable trace metal levels in edible fish tissue as well as with values reported in the literature for bivalves from other coastal locations in British Columbia and elsewhere in the world
Key Words Shellfish cockles crabs trace metals Amax of Canada Ltd Al ice Arm Hastings Arm Observatory Inlet BC
- vii shy
RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
- 1 shy
INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
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Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
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Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
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- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
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o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
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bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
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Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
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Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
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Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
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bull
Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1984
Cat No Fs 97-13467E ISSN 0706-6465
Correct citation for this publication
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace metal levels in bivalves and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci 467 vii + 42 p
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
bull LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF APPENDICES v
ABSTRACT vi
RESUME vii
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
SAMPLE COLLECTION 3 SAMPLE PREPARATION 4
Cockles 4 Crabs 4
LABORATORY ANALYSIS 5 bull
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6
COCKLES GENERAL 6bull Arsenic 7 Cadmium 7 Chromium 8 Copper 8 Lead 8 Manganese 9 Mercury 9 Molybdenum 9 Ni ckel 10 Zinc 10
CRABS GENERAL 10 Arsenic 1 1 Cadmium 1 1 Chromium 12 Copper 12 Lead 13 Manganese 13 Mercury 13 Molybdenum 14 Nickel bullbullbullbullbull 14 Zinc 15
CONCLUSION 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17
REFERENCES 18
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LIST OF FIGURES Pa_ge
FIGURE
FIGURE 2
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
TABLE 10
Study areas in northern British Columbia bullbullbullbullbull 21
Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 22
LIST OF TABLES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Observatory Inlet BC analyzed
Hastings Arm and for trace metals 23
Otter trawl coordinates and depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 24
Crab pot locations depths and soak and Hastings Arm October-November
times in Alice 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 25
Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Po int Observa tory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26
Summary of length weight sex and sample location data for crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm B bull C bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 27
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 0 28
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 29
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 31
Summary of trace metal data in crabs and cockles from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 32
- v -
LIST OF APPENDICES
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed and their detecshytion limits in tissues bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 35
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in refershyence tissue standards bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 37
APPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point 1982 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull 38
APPENDIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and Southern BC locat ions 39
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported from selected coastal locations throughout the world bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 40
bull
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ABSTRACT
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and
bullObserva tory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
Alice Arm the southern terminus of Observatory Inlet in Northern British Columbia is the site of the Amax of Canada Ltd Ki tsaul t molybdenum mine When operat ing the mine discharges approximately 12000 tons of tailings daily into Alice Arm from a submerged outfall located between Roundy and Lime Creeks This discharge has created considerable concern arising in part from the potential for trace metal accumulation in marine organisms which are traditionally harvested in recreational commercial and native food fisheries in the area This study which examined trace metal concentrations in cockles and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet was initiated in response to these concerns
The findings are compared (where applicable) with Health and Welfare standards for acceptable trace metal levels in edible fish tissue as well as with values reported in the literature for bivalves from other coastal locations in British Columbia and elsewhere in the world
Key Words Shellfish cockles crabs trace metals Amax of Canada Ltd Al ice Arm Hastings Arm Observatory Inlet BC
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RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
bull LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF APPENDICES v
ABSTRACT vi
RESUME vii
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
SAMPLE COLLECTION 3 SAMPLE PREPARATION 4
Cockles 4 Crabs 4
LABORATORY ANALYSIS 5 bull
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6
COCKLES GENERAL 6bull Arsenic 7 Cadmium 7 Chromium 8 Copper 8 Lead 8 Manganese 9 Mercury 9 Molybdenum 9 Ni ckel 10 Zinc 10
CRABS GENERAL 10 Arsenic 1 1 Cadmium 1 1 Chromium 12 Copper 12 Lead 13 Manganese 13 Mercury 13 Molybdenum 14 Nickel bullbullbullbullbull 14 Zinc 15
CONCLUSION 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17
REFERENCES 18
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LIST OF FIGURES Pa_ge
FIGURE
FIGURE 2
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
TABLE 10
Study areas in northern British Columbia bullbullbullbullbull 21
Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 22
LIST OF TABLES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Observatory Inlet BC analyzed
Hastings Arm and for trace metals 23
Otter trawl coordinates and depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 24
Crab pot locations depths and soak and Hastings Arm October-November
times in Alice 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 25
Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Po int Observa tory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26
Summary of length weight sex and sample location data for crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm B bull C bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 27
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 0 28
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 29
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 31
Summary of trace metal data in crabs and cockles from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 32
- v -
LIST OF APPENDICES
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed and their detecshytion limits in tissues bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 35
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in refershyence tissue standards bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 37
APPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point 1982 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull 38
APPENDIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and Southern BC locat ions 39
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported from selected coastal locations throughout the world bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 40
bull
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ABSTRACT
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and
bullObserva tory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
Alice Arm the southern terminus of Observatory Inlet in Northern British Columbia is the site of the Amax of Canada Ltd Ki tsaul t molybdenum mine When operat ing the mine discharges approximately 12000 tons of tailings daily into Alice Arm from a submerged outfall located between Roundy and Lime Creeks This discharge has created considerable concern arising in part from the potential for trace metal accumulation in marine organisms which are traditionally harvested in recreational commercial and native food fisheries in the area This study which examined trace metal concentrations in cockles and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet was initiated in response to these concerns
The findings are compared (where applicable) with Health and Welfare standards for acceptable trace metal levels in edible fish tissue as well as with values reported in the literature for bivalves from other coastal locations in British Columbia and elsewhere in the world
Key Words Shellfish cockles crabs trace metals Amax of Canada Ltd Al ice Arm Hastings Arm Observatory Inlet BC
- vii shy
RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
- 2 shy
upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
- 3 shy
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
- 4 shy
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
- 5 shy
LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
- 6 shy
then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
- 7 shy
weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
- 8 shy
Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
- 10 shy
in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
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APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
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APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
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LIST OF FIGURES Pa_ge
FIGURE
FIGURE 2
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
TABLE 10
Study areas in northern British Columbia bullbullbullbullbull 21
Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 22
LIST OF TABLES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Observatory Inlet BC analyzed
Hastings Arm and for trace metals 23
Otter trawl coordinates and depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 24
Crab pot locations depths and soak and Hastings Arm October-November
times in Alice 1983 bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 25
Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Po int Observa tory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 26
Summary of length weight sex and sample location data for crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm B bull C bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 27
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 0 28
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 29
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (dry weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 30
Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs collected from Alice and Hastings Arm BC bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 31
Summary of trace metal data in crabs and cockles from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC 32
- v -
LIST OF APPENDICES
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed and their detecshytion limits in tissues bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 35
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in refershyence tissue standards bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 37
APPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point 1982 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull 38
APPENDIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and Southern BC locat ions 39
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported from selected coastal locations throughout the world bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 40
bull
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ABSTRACT
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and
bullObserva tory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
Alice Arm the southern terminus of Observatory Inlet in Northern British Columbia is the site of the Amax of Canada Ltd Ki tsaul t molybdenum mine When operat ing the mine discharges approximately 12000 tons of tailings daily into Alice Arm from a submerged outfall located between Roundy and Lime Creeks This discharge has created considerable concern arising in part from the potential for trace metal accumulation in marine organisms which are traditionally harvested in recreational commercial and native food fisheries in the area This study which examined trace metal concentrations in cockles and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet was initiated in response to these concerns
The findings are compared (where applicable) with Health and Welfare standards for acceptable trace metal levels in edible fish tissue as well as with values reported in the literature for bivalves from other coastal locations in British Columbia and elsewhere in the world
Key Words Shellfish cockles crabs trace metals Amax of Canada Ltd Al ice Arm Hastings Arm Observatory Inlet BC
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RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
- 2 shy
upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
- 3 shy
MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
- 4 shy
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
- 5 shy
LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
- 6 shy
then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
- 7 shy
weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
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APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
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APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- v -
LIST OF APPENDICES
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed and their detecshytion limits in tissues bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 35
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in refershyence tissue standards bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 36
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 37
APPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point 1982 bull bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull bullbullbull bullbullbull 38
APPENDIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and Southern BC locat ions 39
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported from selected coastal locations throughout the world bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull 40
bull
- vi shy
ABSTRACT
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and
bullObserva tory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
Alice Arm the southern terminus of Observatory Inlet in Northern British Columbia is the site of the Amax of Canada Ltd Ki tsaul t molybdenum mine When operat ing the mine discharges approximately 12000 tons of tailings daily into Alice Arm from a submerged outfall located between Roundy and Lime Creeks This discharge has created considerable concern arising in part from the potential for trace metal accumulation in marine organisms which are traditionally harvested in recreational commercial and native food fisheries in the area This study which examined trace metal concentrations in cockles and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet was initiated in response to these concerns
The findings are compared (where applicable) with Health and Welfare standards for acceptable trace metal levels in edible fish tissue as well as with values reported in the literature for bivalves from other coastal locations in British Columbia and elsewhere in the world
Key Words Shellfish cockles crabs trace metals Amax of Canada Ltd Al ice Arm Hastings Arm Observatory Inlet BC
- vii shy
RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
- 1 shy
INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
- 2 shy
upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
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Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
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Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
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Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
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bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
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APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
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APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- vi shy
ABSTRACT
Farrell MA and MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and
bullObserva tory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisher ies and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
Alice Arm the southern terminus of Observatory Inlet in Northern British Columbia is the site of the Amax of Canada Ltd Ki tsaul t molybdenum mine When operat ing the mine discharges approximately 12000 tons of tailings daily into Alice Arm from a submerged outfall located between Roundy and Lime Creeks This discharge has created considerable concern arising in part from the potential for trace metal accumulation in marine organisms which are traditionally harvested in recreational commercial and native food fisheries in the area This study which examined trace metal concentrations in cockles and crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet was initiated in response to these concerns
The findings are compared (where applicable) with Health and Welfare standards for acceptable trace metal levels in edible fish tissue as well as with values reported in the literature for bivalves from other coastal locations in British Columbia and elsewhere in the world
Key Words Shellfish cockles crabs trace metals Amax of Canada Ltd Al ice Arm Hastings Arm Observatory Inlet BC
- vii shy
RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
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Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
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- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
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o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
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Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
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RESUME
Farrell MA et MD Nassichuk 1984 Trace Metal Levels in Bivalves and Crabs from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC Canad ian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No 467 vii + 42 p
La mine de molybdene Kitsault de lAmax of Canada Ltd est situee au bras Alice la partie la plus au sud de linlet Observatory (nord de la Colombie-Britannique) Quand elle est en exploitation cette mine rejette environ 12000 tonnes de residus chaque jour dans Ie bras Al ice a partir d un point de decharge immerge situe entre les ruisseaux Roundy et Lime Ces rejets ont souleve beaucoup dinquietudes basees en partie sur la possibilite dune accumulation de metaux traces dans les organismes marins qui sont traditionnellement exploites dans Ie cadre des peches recreative commerciale et autoch tone de la region La presente etude qui porte sur les concentrations de metaux traces dans les coques et les crabes des bras Al ice et Hastings et Ie linlet Observatory a ete amorcee en reaction a ces preoccupations
Les concentrations determinees lors de letude sont comparees avec les valeurs des normes de Sante et Bien-Etre social pour les teneurs acceptables de metaux traces dans les tissus des produits de la peche comestibles ainsi quavec les
bull valeurs signalees dans les publications pour les bivalves dautres regions cotieres de la Colombie-Britannique ou ailleurs dans Ie monde
Mots-cles mollusques coques crabes metaux traces Amax of Canada Ltd bras Al ice bras Has tings inle t Observatory Colombie-Britannique
bull
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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- 20 -
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Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
bull
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
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Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
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INTRODUCTION
Alice and Hastings Arms located approximately 144 km north of
Prince Rupert are glacial fed fjords approximately 185 km in
length which form the terminus of Observatory Inlet
Observatory Inlet has been the site of a number of active mines
Between 1911 and 1972 nine mines operated in the area and produshy
ced 388 000 tons of copper gold si 1 ver lead and molybdenum
(Littlepage 1978) The most recent mining activities in Alice
Arm include the BC Molybdenum mine which operated from 1966 to
1972 and the Amax of Canada molybdenum mine at Ki tsaul t which
operated from April 1981 to October of 1982 at which time operashy
t ions were suspended for an indef ini te per iod as a resul t of a
depressed molybdenum market In contrast to previous operations
in the area tailings from the Kitsault mine are discharged
directly to Alice Arm from a submerged outfall at a depth of
50 metres During the initial 19 months of operation slightly
more than 4 million tonnes of tailings from the Amax mine were
deposited on the bottom of Alice Arm This discharge has aroused
considerable concern particularly among individuals who have
traditionally harvested fish and shellfish in recreational
commercial and native food fisheries in Observatory Inlet
A review of the available data on metal levels in biolog ical
tissue was undertaken by Burling et ale (1983) as part of a
continuing technical assessment of the Amax mine discharge
This review concluded that of the four species groups sampled
(algae bivalves crustacea and fish) only bivalves show
indications of elevated tissue trace metal concentrations Among
the bivalves examined the panel noted there have not been any
apparent increases in tissue metal levels among intertidal and
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
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upper sub-tidal filter feeding specimens since the tailings
discharge commenced in 1981 These findings are consistent with
trace metal chemistry data which indicates that soluble trace
metal levels in the water column and sediment pore waters are
very low (Burling et al 1983) On the other hand deposit
feeding bivalve samples collected at depths of 50 m or more all
show early indications of tissue trace metal elevations
consistent with patterns of sediment metal enrichment associated
with the tailings discharge
While the species tradi tionally harvested in this area do not
typically include benthic deposit feeders concerns about metal
contamination continue to be expressed in part because of the
uncertainty regarding the potential for bioaccumulation in
organisms of commercial or recreational value over the long term
This investigation was conducted in response to these concerns
and presents results of tissue metal analyses for cockles
(Clinocardium nuttallii) King crabs (Lithodes aequispina and
Paralithodes camtschatica) and Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
collected in October-November 1983 and February 1984 from Alice
and Hastings Arms and Observatory Inlet
The tissue metal levels reported herein were examined in refershy
ence to applicable Health and Welfare Canada guidelines and regushy
lations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in edible fish
tissue The cockle tissue metal data were also compared to data
for bivalves previously collected from coastal waters of BC and
from other selected coastal locations throughout the world
Comparisons between tissue metal levels in crabs from Alice Arm
and other coastal locations throughout the world have been
previously reported in Futer and Nassichuk (1983) bull
bull
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
- 8 shy
Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
- 10 shy
in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
- 11 shy
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
SAMPLE COLLECTION
The study area is presented in Figure 1 sampling stations in
Hastings and Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet are presented in
Figure 2 All sampl ing was conducted between October 1983 and
February 1984
Cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) were collected in February 1984
by SCUBA divers from a depth of approximately 6-7 m at Davies
Point in Observatory Inlet This sampling location was chosen
following discussions with Nishga band members who identified
this as the traditional native harvesting site for clams and
cockles in Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) Golden king crab (Li thodes
aequispina) and Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) were
collected from Al ice and Hastings Arm in October and November
1983 by otter trawl and baited crab traps
The trawling gear consisted of two otter doors attached to a net
with a 58 m throat and 38 cm mesh body Trawls were conducted
with a scope of 31 over an average distance of 08 to 1 km at a
speed of 25 knots Otter trawl coordinates and depths are
presented in Table 2
Commercial king crab pots (d imens ions 18 x 18 x 09 m) were
baited with frozen herring which were placed in perforated
plastic containers in the center of each trap Crab pot sampling
locations collection depths and pot soak times are presented in
Table 3
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
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LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
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then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
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Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
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and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
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Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
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Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
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Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
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Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
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SAMPLE PREPARATION
Cockles
The cockles (CI inocardium nut tall i i) which ranged from 65 to
87 cm in length were placed in acid cleaned plastic depuration
trays in clean seawater and allowed to depurate for 21-24 hours
Following depuration all organisms were examined and moribund
or dead specimens were discarded The shells of the remaining
cockles were wiped clean of algal matter rinsed in clean water
placed in individual plastic bags and frozen
Upon receipt in the laboratory cockles were measured for both
anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral length Soft body parts
were excised carefully from the shells (using an acid cleaned
plastic scalpel) placed in individual whirlpac bags weighed and
submitted for analyses
Crabs
Carapace lengths and widths for each crab were determined at the
time of collection All adhering algae and sediments were washed
of f the carapace and we igh ts (in shell) were recorded All
tissue dissections were performed on live animals within 1 hour
of collection The organisms were dissected on a bed of crushed
ice under a laminar flow hood to reduce handling and metabolic
stress and minimize contamination of the samples Dissection
utensils were acid washed and rinsed twice in double deionized
water prior to use
Sufficient muscle tissue was removed from the second walking leg
of each crab to provide a minimum of 5 g wet weight tissue
- 5 shy
LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
- 6 shy
then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
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weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
- 8 shy
Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
- 11 shy
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 5 shy
LABORATORY ANALYSES
bull The procedures for sample preparation and metal analyses other
than mercury were those outlined in Government of Canada (1979)
Environmental Laboratory Manual
Metal analyses was performed by the joint DOEDFO laboratory in
West Vancouver BC A list of all metals analyzed and their
detection limits is given in Appendix I Certified reference
tissue standards (NBS-1566 and 1577) were concurrently analyzed
(Appendix II) to confirm the accuracy and precision of tissue
analytical results
In preparation for analysis all samples were blended in a Waring
blender until homogenous Each sample was weighed freeze dried
reweighed and then ground Aliquotes of approximately 03 grams
of dried tissue were then brought into solution using wet ashing
techniques (low temperature ash followed by treatment with nitric
acid (HN03) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and heat)
Tissue samples for arsenic (As) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr)
copper (Cu) lead (Pb) manganese (Mn) molybdenum (Mo) nickel
(Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined by atomic emission spectroshy
metry (AES) using a Jarrell-Ash FLA 100 850 Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma-Optical Emmission Spectometer (ICAP) Fine definishy
tion for cadmium and lead was obtained using flamless atomic
absorption spectrometry
Tissue samples for mercury analyses were homogenized freeze
dried and placed in a 100 ml reaction tube A subsample
(01 plusmn 0005 g) was weighed and the tissue digested in 100 ml of
concentrated sulphuric acid The sample was then oxidized in
40 ml hydrogen peroxide and heated One ml of nitric acid was
bull
- 6 shy
then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
- 7 shy
weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
- 8 shy
Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 6 shy
then added to the colorless digest and brought to a standard
volume with 50 ml of water The samples were analyzed on a
Mercury Monitor (Pharmacia Model 1205)
Wet weight tissue metal values were determined by multiplying dry
weight metal values by the ratio of wet dry tissue weight
calculated for each sample analyzed
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 lists the organisms analyzed for metal content
The Canadian Heal th and Welfare gu idel ines and Food and Drug
regulations for acceptable trace metal concentrations in
fishshellfish are presented in Appendix III The existing
regulations which apply only to arsenic and lead refer
specifically to the metal concentrations in extractable dried
fish protein As trace metal concentrations in dried fish
protein and metal content in edible fish or shellfish tissue are
not directly comparable the tissue metal data presented herein
have not been examined in reference to these regulations
In contrast the administrative guideline for the maximum
acceptable mercury concentrations in edible wet weight fish
tissue is directly comparable to the wet weight mercury
concentrations in muscle tissue presented in this report
COCKLES GENERAL
Table 2 presents length and weight data for each of the thirty
cockles analyzed Concentrations of selected trace metals in
individual cockles are presented on both a dry weight and wet
bull
- 7 shy
weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
- 8 shy
Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
- 10 shy
in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
- 11 shy
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 7 shy
weight basis (Tables 4 and 5) Cockle tissue metal data
previously reported from Alice Arm and Davies Point are presented
bull in Appendix IV Trace metal concentrations in other
representative bivalves from Alice Arm various southern coastal
sites in Br i tish Columbia and selected coastal loca t ions
throughout the world were obtained from the literature and are
presented in Appendices V and VI respectively for comparison
with the data obtained in this study
Arsenic
The mean arsenic concentrations in cockles could not be
calculated as a number of samples contained levels that were less
than detectable limits Arsenic concentration (wet weight) in
cockles ranged from lt06 to 14 ugg The dry weight arsenic
concentration in cockles ranged from lt4 - 10 ugg These values
are comparable to those reported in Mya arenaria and Mytilus
edulis from Alice Arm in 1980 and 1982 respectively and are
similar to the results reported for both species of cockles taken
from Davies Point and Alice Arm in 1982 (Appendix IV and V) The
available information regarding arsenic concentrations in
bivalves from other locations is extremely limited however the
values reported herein are comparable to levels reported for
bivalves from other Canadian locations (Appendix VI)
Cadmium
The mean cadmium level in cockles was 019 plusmn 006 and ranged from
012 to 045 ugg (dry weight) These concentrations are
cons iderably lower than values reported for cockles from Al ice
Arm in 1982 and other bivalves from the south coast of BC and
elsewhere in the world (Appendices IV V and VI) Cadmium is not
a regulated substance in edible fish tissue bull
bull
- 8 shy
Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
- 10 shy
in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
- 11 shy
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
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APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 8 shy
Chromium
The mean concentration of chromium (dry weight) in cockles was
12 + 04 ugg and ranged from 06 to 23 ugg These
concentrations are comparable to or lower than those reported in
the 1 i terature for bivalves from other coastal loca tions
throughout the world (Appendix VI) Chromium is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
The mean wet weight value for copper in cockles was 061 plusmn 014
and ranged from 044 to 121 ugg The mean dry weight
concentration was 40 plusmn 09 and ranged from 30 to 80 ugg
~hese concentrations are comparable to those reported for cockles
from the same location in 1982 and are typically lower than
values reported for other bivalves from southern BC with the
exception of scallops (Appendices IV and V) The values reported
herein are somewhat lower than those reported in bivalves from
the united Kingdom California and Tasmania and are similar to
tissue copper levels reported in clams from Oregon New York and
Hong Kong (Appendix VI)
Copper has not been a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
since 1979
Lead
Lead values for cockles ranged from 0021 to 0095 ugg (wet
weight) with a mean concentration of 0046 plusmn 0017 The mean dry
we igh t lead content in cockles was 030 plusmn O 1 0 and ranged from
016 to 062 ugg These values cannot be directly compared to
previously reported values for lead in cockles from Davies Point
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
- 10 shy
in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
- 11 shy
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 9 shy
and bivalves from southern BC locales (Appendix IV and V) as
the detection limits for lead in fish tissue varied considerably
bull between these stud ies The values reported for cockles in th is
study are however considerably lower than concentrations reported
in bivalves from other coastal locations throughout the world
(Appendix VI)
Manganese
The mean dry weight manganese concentration in cockles was
1 0 bull 1 plusmn 43 ugg (range 275 to 175 ugg) These values are
comparable to those reported in mussels and oysters from other
locations around the world (Appendix VI) Acceptable levels of
manganese in edible fish tissue are not regulated
Mercury
bull Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in cockles ranged from 0003
to 0010 ugg The mean wet weight mercury content in cockle
tissues was 0007 ugg These concentrations are typically much
lower than those reported in bivalves from other locations in
southern RC and elsewhere in the world (Appendix V and VI) and
are also well below the Health and Welfare Canada administrative
guideline (05 ugg) for acceptable mercury concentrations in
edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum concentrations in cockles were typically below
detectable limits of 04 ugg dry weight Very little data are
available regarding molybdenum concentrations in bivalves from
other coastal locations worldwide The available tissue data
from Alice Arm would indicate that the molybdenum concentrations
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in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
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Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
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Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
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Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
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was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
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REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 10 shy
in cockles reported herein are comparable to or lower than values
previously reported for bivalves from Al ice Arm or Observatory
Inlet (Appendix IV and V) Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
The mean dry we igh t value for nickel in cockles was 65 plusmn 04
(range 30 to 13 ugg) These values are comparable to those
reported in oysters clams and mussels from other locations
around the world (Appendix VI) Nickel is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Zinc
zinc values for cockles ranged from 505 to 960 ugg (dry
weight) The mean zinc concentration of 64 plusmn 1 ugg (dry weight)
reported in this study is similiar to values reported for this
species collected from Davies Point in 1982 (Appendix IV) and is
typically less than values reported for bivalves from other
locations worldwide (Append ix VI) Zinc con tent of ed ible fish
tissue has not been regulated since 1979
CRABS GENERAL
Table 5 presents carapace length weight and sex data for each of
the 22 crabs examined The concentrations of selected trace
metals in indiv idual crabs are presented on both a dry and wet
weight basis in Tables 6 and 7 respectively for comparison with
previously reported tissue metal levels in crustaceans from Alice
Arm Observatory Inlet and other coastal locations (Futer and
Nassichuk 1983~ Barbo and Birtwell 1983~ Barbo et al 1983)
Futer and Nassichuk (1983) present tissue metal data for King and
- 11 shy
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 11 shy
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observa tory Inlet in
1981 however comparisons between the 1981 data and present data
must be viewed cautiously as sampling locations sample size and
ti ssue metal detect ion I imi ts vary cons iderably between these
studies
Arsenic
Mean wet weight arsenic values in crab muscle tissue ranged from
755 plusmn 210 ugg (Red King crab) to 260 plusmn 181 ugg (Tanner
crab) bull The Golden King crabs had a mean wet weight arsenic
concentration of 255 + 607 ugg Mean dry weight arsenic
concentrat ions ranged from 437 plusmn 143 ugg (Red Ki ng crab) to
1543 plusmn 992 ugg (Tanner crab) The mean dry we igh t arsen i c
concentration in Golden King crab was 1492 plusmn 305 ugg
The arsenic tissue concentrations reported in Red King crab from
Hastings Arm in 1983 are very similar to the concentrations
reported in individuals of this species collected from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) In
contrast the arsenic values in Tanner crabs collected from Alice
Arm in 1983 were higher than those reported in individuals from
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Cadmiwn
The mean dry weight cadmium concentrations in King crabs ranged
from 023 + 008 ugg (Red King) to 035 + 042 ugg (Golden
King) crab The mean dry weight cadmium concentration in Tanner
crab could not be determined as values below the detection limits
of 004 ugg precluded calculation of means and standard
deviation The highest cadmium concentration in crab muscle
tissue was 14 ugg which was reported in a Golden King crab from
Hastings Arm
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 12 shy
Comparison between 1981 crab cadmium tissue concentrations (Futer
and Nassi chuk 1983) and the presen t data are not poss ible as
many of the 1981 reported values were less than analytical
detection limits In addition the detection limits for cadmium
obtained by graphite furnace analyses in 1983 are cons iderably
lower than those obtained in 1981 which further complicates
comparisons between 1981 and 1983 data The mean dry weight
cadmium values in Golden King crab are however very similar to
the levels reported in this species prior to tailings discharge
(1974-1977) and during mine operation (1981) (Littlepage 1978~
Goyette and Christie 1982)
Chromium
Mean dry weight values for chromium in crabs ranged from
lt04 ugg (Golden King crab) to 06 plusmn 015 (Red King crab)
Tanner crab had a mean dry weight chromium concentration of
056 plusmn 005 ugg 1
These values are comparable to or lower than the chromium
concentrations reported in Red King crab from Alice Arm and
Observatory Inlet in 1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Chromium
is not a regulated substance in edible fish tissue
Copper
Mean dry we igh t copper concentrations in the three species of
crabs examined ranged from 248 plusmn 47 ugg (Tanner crab) to
841 plusmn 221 ugg (Red King crab) The mean dry weight copper
concentration in Golden King crab was 506 plusmn 269 ugg (wet
weight) These values are similar to those reported in King and
Tanner crabs collected from Alice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Copper has not been a
regulated substance in edible fish tissue since 1979
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
---
- 13 shy
Lead
The mean dry weight lead concentrations in both species of Kingbull
crab could not be determined as many of the reported values were
below the detection limits of 008 ugg Tanner crab lead
concentrations ranged from 02 to 037 ugg (dry weight) and had
a mean of 03 ugg Lead values for Red King and Tanner crab
reported in the 1981 survey (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) ranged
from lt38 lt40 ugg (dry weight) Accordingly comparisons
between the 1981 and the 1983 data for these species reported
herein are not possible The highest dry weight lead
concentration reported in Golden King crab from Alice Arm was
012 ugg which is comparable to or less than the levels
reported in this species in 1980 and 1981 (Goyette and Christie
1982 ) bull
Manganese
bull The mean dry weight manganese concentration in crabs ranged from
112 plusmn 034 ugg (Red King crab) to 76 plusmn 518 ugg (Tanner
crab) The mean manganese concentration in Golden King crabs was
269 plusmn 152 ugg dry weight
The manganese concentrations in Red King crab are similar to
those reported in 1981 whereas Tanner crab concentrations in 1983
were considerably higher than those reported in this species in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) Manganese is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Mercury
Mercury (wet weight) concentrations in all three species of crab
were consistently less than 006 ugg The highest mean mercury
concentration in crab muscle tissue was 0035 plusmn 0015 ugg which
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 14 shy
was reported in Tanner crab The mean wet weight mercury
concentrations in King crabs ranged from 0011 + 0006 to
0028 plusmn 0018 in Golden King and Red King crabs respectively
The concentrations of mercury in crab muscle tissue are well
below the recommended Health and Welfare guideline of 05 ugg
mercury in edible wet weight fish tissue
Molybdenum
Molybdenum values for crab muscle tissue ranged from less than
detectable (04 ugg) to 06 ugg (dry weight) The maximum dry
weight molybdenum value reported was 06 ugg in two Red King
crabs taken from Hastings Arm
All crab samples collected in 1981 were reported to contain less
than detectable concentrations of molybdenum however the
differences in detection limits between 1981 and 1983 precludes
comparisons between these data Molybdenum is not a regulated
substance in edible fish tissue
Nickel
Nickel concentrations in crabs were consistently below the
detectable limits of 20 ugg (dry weight)
The values reported for King and Tanner crab collected from Alice
Arm and Observatory Inlet in 1981 were also below detectable
levels (Futer and Nassichuk 1983) however the differences in
detect ion I imi ts between these surveys prohibi ts comparisons of
the data There are no regulated levels for acceptable nickel
concentrations in edible fish tissue
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 15 shy
Zinc
Mean dry weight zinc concentrations in crab ranged from 1217
(Tanner crab) to 1963 ugg (Red King crab) Golden King crab zinc
concentrations ranged from 170 to 238 ugg dry weight (mean of
192 8 ugg )
These concentrations are comparable to those reported in King and
Tanner crab collected from Al ice Arm and Observatory Inlet in
1981 (Futer and Nassichuk 1983)
Zinc concentrations in edible fish tissue have not been regulated
in Canada since 1979
CONCLUSION
In general the levels of trace metals in crabs and cockles are
within the range of concentrations found in similar species from
other locales worldwide With the possible exception of arsenic
the trace metal concentrations in these species would not be
expected to represent a health hazard to consumers
Wi th spec if i c reference to arsen ic concentrat ions in crabs the
levels reported in Golden King and Tanner crab were considerably
higher than those in Red King crab however the concentrations
are similar to those reported in these species in 1978 1980 and
1981 (Goyette 1981 Goyette and Christie 1982) These data
would therefore indicate that there has not been any significant
elevation to date in tissue arsenic concentrations of the
commercially and recreationally important Golden King or Tanner
crab of the area as a result of the Amax tailings discharge
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
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APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 16 shy
Any assessment of health hazards posed by the consumption of
shell fish with the arsenic levels reported herein requires
knowledge of consumption rates shellfish contributions to the
total diet and metal speciation (ie organic versus inorganic
forms of arsenic) This assessment is beyond the purview of this
study
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 17 shy
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to acknowledge the ass istance of B Reid N Sloan
S Jewett P Wallin D Goyette D DeMill S Hamilton and
I Mann who participated in field collections
We would also 1 ike to thank Dr B L Huston of the Heal th
Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada for his critical
assessment of the tissue trace metal data
The chemical analyses were conducted by Maria Arujo at the
Department of Environment and Fisheries and Oceans Laboratory
West Vancouver British Columbia under the direction of Mr Paul
Kluckner
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 18 shy
REFERENCES
Alexander GV and DR Young 1976 Trace metals in Southern california mussels Mar Poll Bull (GB) 77
Amax of Canada Ltd 1983 Annual Report for the K i tsaul t Mi ne Environmental Monitoring Program (AATDR PE-4335) 1982 Vol 2 Appendices 377 p
Boyden CR 1975 Distribution of some trace metals in Poule Harbor Dorset Mar Poll Bull 6180
Burling RW JE McInerney and WK Oldham 1983 A Continuing Technical Assessment of the AmaxKitsault Molybdenum Mine Tailings Discharge to Alice Arm British Columbia A report prepared for the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada 154 pp
Canadian Food and Drug Regulations Division 15 Table 1 pp 65A
Chow TJ et ale 1976 Mussels (Mytilus sp) as an indicator of lead--pollution Sci Total Environ 655
Flegal AR et ale 1981 Elevated concentrations of mercury in musselS (Mytilus californianus) associated with Pinniped colonies Maro BioI (W Ger) 65 35
Fowler SW and B Oregoni 1976 Trace metals in mussels from the NW Mediterranean Mar Poll Bull 726
Futer P and MD Nassichuk 1983 Metals in eulachons from the Nass River and crabs from Alice Arm BC Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1699 70 p
Government of Canada 1979 Environmental Laboratory Manual of the Department of Environment Env ironmental Protection Service and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Region
Goyette D and P Christie 1982 Environmental studies on Alice Arm and Hastings Arm British Columbia Part III Initial Production Period AmaxKitsault Mine - sediment and tissue trace metals May June and October 1981 EPS Reg ional Program Report 82-1A Env ironment Canada 121 p
Gutierrez-Galindo EA and JP Breittmayer 1981 Effect of zinc on the accumulation of mercury by the mussel Mytilus edulis (L) Rev Int Oceanogr Med 53-5497
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 19 -
Harbo RM and IK Birtwell 1983 Trace metal content data for crustaceans and fishes from Howe Sound British columbia Can Data Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 379 44 p bull
Harbo RM IK Birtwell and OE Langer 1983 Trace metal s
in marine organisms from coastal waters of Southern British Columbia (1971 to 1976) Can Ms Rep Fish Aquat Sci No 1691 42 p
Hardy JT and Roesijadi G 1982 Bioaccumulation kinetics and organ distribution of nickel in the marine clam (Protothaca staminea) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 566
Health and Welfare Canada Health Protection Branch Administrative Guidelines
Kerfoot WB and SA Jacobs 1976 Cadmium accrual in combined wastewater treatment aquaculture system Environ Sci and Technol 10 662
Klemmer HW et al 1976 Mercury content of biota in coastal waters--in Hawaii Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15454
KI umpp D W and C Burdon-Jones 1982 Investigations of the potential of bivalve molluscs as indicators of heavy metals in trop ical marine waters Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 285-300
Klusek CS and M Heit 1982 Effect of different preservation methods on the trace element concentrations of fish and mussel tissues Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 202
Langtson WJ 1982 the distribution of mercury in british estuarine sediments and its availability to deposit shyfeeding bivalves J Mar BioI Assoc UK 62 667
LaTouche YD and MC Mix 1982 The effects of depuration size and sex on trace metal levels in Bay Mussels Mar Pollut Bull 13 27
Littlepage JL 1978 Oceanographic and Marine Biological Surveys Al ice Arm and Hastings Arm Bri tish Col umbia 1974-1977 Report prepared for CI imax Molybdenum Corporation of British Columbia Limited
Luoma SN and GW Bryan 1982 A statistical study ofbull environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the Burrowing bivalves Scrobiccularia plana and the Polychaete Nereis diversicolor Estuar Coastal
bull Shelf Sci 15 95 bull
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 20 -
Lytle TF and JS Lytle 1982 Heavy metals in oysters and clams of St Louis Bay Mississippi Bull Environ contam Toxicol 29 50
Nielsen SA and A Nathan 1975 Heavy metal levels in New bullZealand molluscs NZ Jour Mar Freshwat Res 9 467
Nuorteva P and E Hasanen 1975 Bioaccumula tion of mercury in Myoce~halus quadricornis (L) in a unpolluted Area of the Baltlc Ann zool Fenn (Fin) 12 247
Penrose WR 1975 Limited arsenic dispersion in seawater sediments and biota near a continuous source J Fish Res Bo a r d Can 3 2 1275 -1 28 0 bull
Phillips DJH and WW-S Yim 1981 A comparative evaluation of oysters mussels and sediments as indicators of trace metals in Hong Kong waters Mar Ecol Prog Sr 6 285
Poulsen E et al 1982 Accumulation of cadmium and bioenergetlcs in the mussel Mytilus edulis Mar BioI (W Ger) 68 25
Sayler G S et ale 1975 Role of bacteria in bioaccumula tion of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea virginica Appl Microbiol 30 91
Talbot V W 1976 Cadmium in Port Philly Bay mussels Mar Poll Bull 7 84
Thomson JD 1982 Metal concentration changes in growing pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas cultivated in Tasmania Australia Mar BioI (W Ger) 67 135
Walker T et al 1982 Effects of length locality and tissue-type on mercury and cadmium content of the commmercial scallop Pecten alka (Tate) from Port Phillip Bay Victoria Aust -=r--Mar Freshwater Res 33 547
Watling H R and RJ Watling 1982 Metal concentrations in oysters from the South African Coast Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28 460
Woolton M and AK Lye 1982 Metal Levels in the mussel Mytilus edul is collected from estuaries in South-Easter Australia Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 33 363
Young DK and TK Jan 1976 Metals in Scallops Coastal water Res Proj Annual Rept 117
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 21 shy
- ~~~ - - shy shy blP)
~ e)
PRINCE
o 20 40 60
bullo If)
o exgt CII
km
FIGURE I Study areas in northern British Columbia
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 22 shy
o o ~ ~ o oCJ) CJ) N N
bull Cockle Dive Sta tion
~ Otter Tral
bull King Crab Pet Sete
o I 23 5
55 0
30
ALICE
C ALICE ARM
55 0
25
FIGURE 2 Otter trawl king crab pot and cockle dive stations in Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observa tory Inlet
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 23 -
bull
Table 1
SPECIES
List of organisms from Alice Arm Hastings Arm and Observatory Inlet BC analyzed for trace metal contentbull
LCCATION N
MJLLUSCA
Cbckles (Clinocardium nuttallii)
ARTHROPODS
Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi)
Golden king crab (Lithodes aequispina)
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica)
Observatory Inlet 30 (Davies Point)
Alice Arm 3
Alice Arm 5 Hastings Arm 8
Hastings Arm 6
bull
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 24 shy
Table 2 Otter trawl coordinates am depths for trawls conducted in Alice and Hastings Arm 8-10 October 1983
bullUXATlOO DEPTH TRAWL DATE (ON rorroM) (START UP) (rn)
ALICE ARM
A1-II 8 Oct 55 0 2713 N 129 0 2987 w
55deg2728N 129deg2970W
165
A1-III 8 Oct 55deg2710N 129deg2997W
55 0 2795 N 129deg2960w
157-102
A2-1 8 Oct Not Recorded 52 0 2681 N 129deg3435W
373-358
A2-N 11 Oct 55deg2700N 1 29 0 35 4 1w
55deg2687N 129 0 3390 w
395-356
HASTINGS Am
H2-N 10 Oct 55 0 3170 N 129deg4680w
Not recorded 300-265
H2-V 10 Oct 55deg3100N 129deg4650W
55deg3200N 129deg4700W
302-293
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 25 shy
Table 3 Crab pot locations depths and soak times in Alice and Hastings Arm October-November 1983
bull LOCATION DATE POT DEPTH ( m) SOAK TIME (h)
ALICE ARM
AA-13 Oct 28 1983 329 233 AA-031 Oct 29 1983 388 428 AA-033 Oct 29 1983 388 433
HASTINGS ARM
HA-053 Oct 31 1983 238 239 HA-054 Oct 31 1983 245 240 HA-062 Oct 31 1983 274 256 HA-066 Oct 31 1983 305 263 HA-082 Nov bull 02 1983 101 450
bull
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 26 shy
Table 4 Summary of length and weight data for cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
bull Dorsal- Anterior- Wet
Sample Ventral Posterior Tissue Number Length Length Weight
(cm) (cm) (g)
1 54 75 589 2 56 7 1 471 3 82 84 820 4 56 7 1 464 5 59 69 480 6 67 72 594 7 68 73 608 8 64 68 548 9 7 bull 1 78 728
10 73 80 706 1 1 75 77 699 1 2 67 76 598 13 67 69 429 14 68 75 506 15 6 1 65 39 6 16 62 72 482 17 6 1 70 433 18 63 67 392 19 68 72 554 20 70 77 655 21 79 87 767 22 68 73 527 23 64 7 bull 1 476 24 66 7 1 575 25 65 7 bull 1 432 26 64 7 1 500 27 72 78 695 28 59 64 372 29 66 70 496 30 73 78 700
Some sediment incorporated in sample
bull
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 27 shy
bull TABLE 5 StmU1lary of leoJth weight sex and sample site location data for crabs collected from Alice Arm and HastioJs Arm BC
Collection Sample Sample weight Length Species Date 10 location (g) (mm) Sex
ALICE ARM
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 081083 LAl Trawl Al-III 1693 139 Male
111083 IA5 Trawl A2-N 2045 143 Male 281083 LA8 Set 013 1850 141 Male 291083 IA13 Set 031 2550 150 Male 291083 LA17 Set 033 1400 142 Female
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) 081083 C3 Trawl Al-II 390 103 Male
n 081083 TC4 Trawl A2-I 331 105 Male 081083 C5 Trawl A2-I 1071 140 Male
HASTINGS ~
Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispina) 101083 IA2 Trawl H2-N 1525 136 Male
101083 IA3 Trawl H2-V 549 114 Female 101083 IA4 Trawl H2-V 637 98 Male 311083 LA18 Set 053 1350 137 Female 311083 IA19 Set 054 3150 161 Male 311083 LA21 Set 062 2200 152 Male 311083 IA22 Set 066 1050 121 Female 311083 LA23 Set 066 1050 120 Female
Red King Crab (Paralithodes camstchatoca) 021183 RCtl Set 082 NRt 104 Female
It 021183 RC2 Set 082 NR 120 Female 021183 RC3 Set 082 NR 118 Female It 021183 RC4 Set 082 NR 111 Male It 021183 RC5 Set 082 NR 151 Male It 021183 RC6 Set 082 NR 141 Male
Carapace width Parasiti~ female t Not recorded bull
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
bull bull
TABLE 6 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
Ni Zn) (ltry weight) for irrlividual cockles
Species N ARSENIC CADMIUM
TRACE METALS (ug9 dry wei9ht)
CHROMIUM COPPER LFAD MANGANESE MERCURY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 5 025 23 80 032 1550 005 lt04 5 575 (Clino- 1 7 013 15 47 032 1370 006 04 13 789 cardium 1 7 020 16 42 017 1060 010 lt04 5 576 nuttallii) 1 5 018 14 48 038 391 005 lt04 10 510
1 lt4 012 13 34 042 1360 lt002 lt04 7 510 1 7 018 13 40 023 910 006 lt04 8 619 1 6 018 10 35 016 814 lt002 lt04 10 677 1 8 015 12 35 028 934 lt002 lt04 11 537 1 6 018 1 bull 1 39 016 1020 002 lt04 7 791 1 6 016 09 30 026 1180 004 lt04 7 555
-1 5 019 10 38 027 637 004 lt04 7 517 N1 5 018 09 36 041 798 004 lt04 4 640 OJ
1 7 017 09 4 1 027 1520 005 lt04 4 602 1 7 021 12 44 025 1750 006 lt04 6 718 1 5 019 08 39 039 327 005 lt04 3 520 1 5 019 08 33 027 1120 004 lt04 I
~ 5 505 1 7 019 09 42 038 1110 006 lt04 3 571 1 6 016 10 37 029 1270 006 lt04 8 620 1 8 016 06 36 030 309 006 lt04 3 661 1 6 018 09 36 024 1620 004 lt04 4 681 1 10 045 1 7 44 027 1670 006 lt04 5 811 1 8 016 08 37 016 309 lt002 lt04 7 676 1 5 021 09 47 037 1330 006 lt04 7 748 1 8 013 09 41 016 683 lt002 lt04 6 739 1 7 015 12 50 040 576 006 lt04 8 960 1 9 017 22 38 046 950 006 lt04 6 583 1 lt4 032 08 36 020 917 006 lt04 8 734 1 7 014 14 32 029 1140 lt002 lt04 4 530 1 6 014 09 33 029 1360 006 lt04 8 657 1 6 017 11 31 062 275 002 lt04 5 582
lr
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
bull bull bull
TABLE 7 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mgt Ni Zn) (wet weight) for irrlividual cockles collected from Davies Point Observatory Inlet BC
TRACE METALS (u99 wet wei9ht)
Species N ~ENIC CAlXtUUM aIRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MEROJRY MJLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC
COCKLES 1 08 0038 034 121 0049 234 0008 lt006 08 865 (Clino- 1 11 0019 021 070 0047 201 0008 006 20 1160 cardiLlll 1 08 0025 019 051 0021 128 0010 lt005 06 693 nuttallii) 1 06 0024 018 065 0051 058 0007 lt006 14 687
1 lt07 0020 020 054 0067 217 0003 lt007 1 bull 1 817 1 12 0029 022 065 0038 149 0009 lt007 13 1010 1 09 0029 017 056 0026 131 0003 lt006 16 1090 1 13 0024 020 058 0047 154 0003 lt006 18 886 1 09 0027 016 059 0024 155 0003 lt006 10 1210 1 09 0024 013 044 0038 173 0006 lt006 10 817 1 08 0028 015 057 0040 095 0006 lt006 10 767 1 08 0028 014 056 0063 122 0006 lt006 05 981 N
1 12 0031 017 076 0050 279 0009 lt007 07 1110 ~
1 09 0030 017 062 0035 246 0008 lt005 09 1010 1 08 0032 013 065 0066 055 0009 lt007 06 873 1 10 0035 016 061 0050 209 0007 lt007 09 941 1 10 0030 014 065 0059 172 0009 lt006 05 886 1 10 0027 016 064 0049 216 0010 lt007 13 1050 1 13 0027 o 11 059 0049 051 0010 lt007 06 1090 1 07 0023 012 049 0031 216 0005 lt005 06 910 1 11 0051 019 049 0031 189 0007 lt005 06 917 1 12 0025 013 059 0026 049 0003 lt006 10 1070 1 09 0034 015 075 0059 212 0009 lt006 1 bull 1 1190 1 11 0019 012 058 0022 095 0003 lt006 09 1030 1 1 bull 1 0023 017 073 0059 085 0008 lt006 1 bull 1 1410 1 14 0026 033 057 0068 142 0009 lt006 08 870 1 lt06 0047 012 052 0030 133 0008 lt006 12 1060 1 12 0022 023 050 0046 179 0003 lt006 07 832 1 1 bull 1 0023 015 056 0048 228 0009 lt007 14 1100 1 09 0027 017 048 0095 042 0003 lt006 07 897
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
TABLE 8 Trace IlEtal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg Mo Ni Zn) (~weight) for irrlividual Red Golden arrl Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg dry wei9ht)
SPECIFS SAMPLE N ARSENIC CArMIUM CHRrnIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANFSE MERCURY MOLYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOrDEN KING
CRAB IAll 1 1510 017 09 153 lt008 131 01 lt04 lt20 2380 (Lithooes LAI5 1 1960 023 05 422 lt008 202 007 lt04 lt20 1990 aequispina) LAI8 1 1060 018 05 422 lt008 213 lt04 lt20 2290
LAI13 1 1120 020 lt04 872 012 183 016 lt04 lt20 1930 LA17 1 1790 020 lt04 357 009 559 013 lt04 lt20 2060
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TCI3 1 490 016 06 194 037 668 013 lt04 lt20 1170 bairdi) TC4 1 1680 lt004 06 273 020 1320 020 lt04 lt20 1310
C5 1 2460 038 05 277 033 295 029 lt04 lt20 1170 w
middotHASTINGS ARM 0
GOrDEN KING CRAB IA2 1 1720 010 06 322 032 249 004 lt04 lt20 1910
(Lithooes LAI3 1 1570 021 04 323 lt008 422 004 lt04 lt20 1850 aequispina) LAI4 1 1350 023 05 250 024 561 002 lt04 lt20 1920
LAI18 1 1640 12 05 779 018 307 005 lt04 lt20 1830 LA19 1 1010 018 lt04 982 023 155 007 lt04 lt20 1600 LA21 1 1250 021 06 295 043 113 005 lt04 lt20 1820 LA22 1 1710 015 04 808 lt008 166 005 lt04 lt20 1700 LA23 1 1700 14 05 601 012 238 005 lt04 lt20 1790
RED KING CRAB (Paralithooes RCl 1 650 019 07 1010 015 124 009 04 lt20 2080 camstchatica) RC2 1 550 039 08 889 lt008 167 008 05 lt20 2080
RCB 1 450 023 07 1060 038 131 009 06 lt20 2220 RC4 1 280 017 04 563 o 11 081 015 05 lt20 2010 RC5 1 310 017 05 567 032 084 025 04 lt20 1770 RC6 1 380 025 05 957 lt008 089 025 06 lt20 1620
bull to
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
bull
TABLE 9 Trace metal data (As Cd Cr Cu Pb Mn Hg r-b Ni Zn) (wet weight) for individual Red Golden and Tanner crabs from Alice and Hastings Arm BC
TRACE METALS (ugg wet weight)
SPECIES SAMPLE N ARSENIC CAIl-tIUM CHRCMIUM COPPER LEAD MANGANESE MERCURY M)LYBDENUM NICKEL ZINC 10
ALICE ARM GOlDEN KING
CRAB tAl 1 249 0027 014 252 lt0010 022 016 lt007 lt03 393 (Lithodes LA5 1 321 0038 008 692 lt0010 033 010 lt007 lt03 327 aequispina) LA8 1 188 0033 009 749 lt0010 038 lt007 lt03 406
LA13 1 149 0026 lt005 1150 0015 024 021 lt005 lt02 256 LA17 1 339 0019 lt008 675 0020 106 024 lt008 lt03 389
TANNER CRAB (Chionoecetes TC3 90 0029 o 11 353 0068 122 025 lt007 lt03 214 bairdi) TC4 240 lt0006 009 391 0028 189 029 lt006 lt02 188
C5 451 0070 009 507 0061 054 052 lt007 lt03 215 w
HASTINGS ARM GOIDEN KING
CRAB LA2 1 253 0015 008 473 0047 037 006 lt006 lt02 281 (Lithodes LA3 1 323 0042 009 661 lt0020 086 008 lt008 lt03 379 aequispina) LA4 1 253 0044 009 468 0045 105 004 lt008 lt03 360
LA18 1 260 0190 007 1240 0029 049 008 lt006 lt03 291 LA19 1 158 0027 lt006 1530 0036 024 010 lt006 lt03 249 LA21 1 237 0040 o 11 559 0082 021 009 lt008 lt03 344 LA22 1 287 0025 007 1360 lt0010 028 009 lt007 lt03 285 LA23 1 295 0240 008 1040 0020 041 009 lt007 lt03 31 bull 1
RED KI~ CRAB (Paralithodes RCl 1 114 0033 013 1780 0026 022 020 007 lt03 367 camstchatica) RC2 1 74 0053 o 11 1200 lt0010 023 010 007 lt02 282
RC3 1 7 1 0036 o 11 1660 0059 021 010 009 lt02 349 RC4 1 56 0034 009 1110 0022 016 030 010 lt03 396 RC5 1 58 0032 01 1060 0059 016 046 008 lt03 331 RC6 1 80 0052 o 1 2000 lt0020 018 053 013 lt03 338
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
bull bull
TABLE 10 SLUnrnary of trace metal data in crabs am cockles fran Alice Arm HastinJs Arm and Observatory Inlet BC bullbull
TRACE METALS (ugg)
Conmgtn name ARSENIC CAlraquo1I Jot CHRMIUM (Species) n Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight Wet weight Dry weight
-+Xplusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X _ SD X plusmn SD (range) (range) (range) (range) (range) (range)
IDLLUSCS
Cockles (Clinocardium 30 ND ND 0028 plusmn 0007 019 plusmn 006 017 plusmn 005 12 plusmn 04 nuttallii) laquo06-14 ) laquo4-10) (0019-0051 ) (o 12-0 4 5 ) (o 11-0 34) (06-23)
CRUSTACEANS
Ggtlden King w N
Crab (Lithodes 13 255 + 607 1492 + 305 0059 + 007 035 + 042 ND ND aequispina) (149-=339) ( 101=196) (0015-=024) (010=14) laquo005-014) laquo04-09)
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 755 + 210 437 + 143 004 + 0010 023 + 008 011 + 001 06+015 carntschatica) (56-11 4) (28-=65) (0032-0053) (017=039) (009-=013) (05=08)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 260 + 18 1 1543 + 992 ND ND 009 + 001 056 + 005 bairdi) (90-451) (49-=246 ) laquo0006-007) laquo004-038) (009-=011 ) (05-06)
Not determined Values bela detection limits precluded calculation of mean am standard deviationbull
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
~ bull bull bull
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
CClnmgtn name COPPER LEAD MANGANESE (Species) n we weight ~ weight wet weight Dry weight wet weight ~ weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge) (rarge )
KgtLWSCS
Cockles ( ClinocardiLIn 30 061 plusmn 014 40 plusmn 09 0046 plusmn 0017 030 plusmn 010 154 plusmn 066 101plusmn43 nutta1lii) (044 - 121) (30 - 80) (0021-0095) (016-062) (042-279) (275-175)
CRUSTACEANS LV LV
Golden King Crab
(Lithodes 13 835 + 39 506 + 269 ND ND 047 + 031 269 + 152 aequispina) (252=153) (153=982) laquo001-0082) laquo008-043) (021=106) (113=561 )
Red King Crab (Paralithodes 6 1468 + 396 841 + 221 ND ND 019 + 003 112 + 034 camtschatica) (106-200) (563=106) laquo001-059) (008-038) (016=023) (081=167)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 417 + 081 248 + 47 0052 + 002 03 + 009 122 + 067 76 + 518 bairdi) (353=507) ( 194=27 7) (0028=0068) (02=037) (054=189) (295-132)
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
TABLE 10 (Continued)
TRACE METALS (ugg)
COOlI1On name (Species) n
MERCURY Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MJLYBDENUM Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
NICKEL Wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
ZIOC wet weight Dry weight
X plusmn SD X plusmn SD (range) (range)
MOLWSCS
Cockles (Cl inocard i Ill 30 0007 plusmn 0003 ND ND ND 096 plusmn 042 65 plusmn 24 974 plusmn 161 64 plusmn 11 nuttallii) (0003-0010) (lt002-0 1) laquo005-lt007) laquo04-04) (05-20) (3-130) (693-141) (505-960)
CRUSTACEANS
Golden King wCrab ~
(Lithodes 13 0011 + 0006 0069 + 004 ND ND ND ND 328 + 54 1928 + 216 aequispina) (0006=0024) (0 02-0 1 6 ) laquo005-lt008) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (249=406) ( 170-238)
Jed King Crab (Paralithodes 6 0028 + 0018 015 + 008 009 + 002 05 + 009 ND ND 344 + 38 1963 + 224 camtschatica) (001-0053) (008=025) ( 07-013) (04=06) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) (282=-396) ( 162-222)
Tanner Crab (Chionoecetes 3 0035 + 0015 021 + 008 ND ND ND ND 206 + 153 1217+81 bairdi) (0025=0052) (0 bull 13=029) laquo06-lt07) laquo04) laquo02-lt03) laquo20) ( 1 8 bull 8=2 15 ) (117 --131)
Not determined Values below detection limits precluded calculation of mean and standard deviation bull
r bull
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 35 shy
bull APPENDIX I List of heavy metals analyzed am their detection limits in tissues bull
Adlievable Abbre- Detection Limits
Metal vat ion Method of Analyses In tissuet (ugg) dry ~ight
Arsenic As ICAP 40 plusmn 02 CadrniLDll Cd ICAP 02 plusmn 005 cadrniun Cd Flarnless AA spectrometry 004 plusmn 005 Copper Cu ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Chrorniun Cr ICAP 04 plusmn 003 Lead Pb ICAP 20 plusmn 02 Lead Pb Flarnless AA spectrometry 008 plusmn 002 MaNJanese Mn ICAP 008 plusmn 0003 Mercury Hg Mercury rocmi tor (cold vapor tedlnique) 010 plusmn 002 Molybderurn Mo ICAP 04 plusmn 005 Nickel Ni ICAP 20 plusmn 03 Zinc Zn ICAP 02 plusmn 005
t Metal detection limits in tisSLE were calculated assLDlliNJ a dilution of 03 g (dry weight) of tissue in 25 ml liquid during sample preparation Any variation in the
bull arrount of tiSSLE used in sanple preparation results in a correspmding variation in tissue detection limits (less tissue leading to a higher detection limit) Thus detect ion limi ts may actually vary rornewhat wi th sample preparation and for this reason detection limits reported here should be viewed as estimates only bull
bull
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 36 shy
APPENDIX II Certified and analyzed metal levels in reference bulltissue standards
Obtained (ugg) bull Reference Certified Replicates Stanqard (ugg) 2 3 4
NBS-1566 oyster Tissue As
Cd 134 35
+ plusmn
19 04
140 33
150 32
140 33
140 32
Cr 069 + 027 10 07 07 08 Mn 175 plusmn 1 2 170 168 165 163 Ni 1 03 + O 19 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 Pb 048 plusmn 004 lt20 lt20 lt20 lt20 CU 630 + 35 617 636 628 623 Zn 8520 plusmn 140 7940 8130 7960 791 0
NBS-1577 Bovine Tissue Cd 027 + 004 03 03 02 02
Mn 103 plusmn 10 103 100 998 994 Mo 3 1 + 05 34 36 33 33 Pb 034 plusmn 008 035 035 CU 1930 + 100 1990 1940 1930 1890 Zn 1300 plusmn 100 1370 1340 1330 1290
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 37 shy
APPENDIX III Canadian Health and Welfare Guidelines and Food and Drug Regulations
Years ugg wet weightttt Regulations Food Category Mercury Arsenic Lead Copper Zinc Guidelines Effective
1975-1978 Marine and Fresh Water Animal Products
5 10 100 100
1979shy Fish Protein Edible fish tissue 05
35 05
Marine and freshwater animal products include fish crustaceans molluscs other marine invertebrates marine mammals and frcgs
Regulations which pertain to arsenic and lead concentrations in fish protein prepared by (i) extracting water fat and other soluble cOITllxgtnents through the use ofisopropynol alcohol from fresh whole edible fish of the order Clupeiformes families Clupeidae and Osmeridae and the order Gadiformes family Gadidae or from trimrnirgs resultinJ from the filletinJ of such fish when eviscerated and (ii) drying and grinding the resultant protein concentrate (persuant to Section B21027 of the Food am Drug Act) These regulations supercede those previously identified for marine and freshwater animal products bull
bull No regulations presently exist for acceptable levels of metals in edible fish tissue As extractable dried fish protein and edible fish tissue are not the same carparisons between the two have not been made am regulations have been presented solely for information
Health and t-Elfare Administrative Guideline which refers to the acceptable mercury concentration in edible wet weight fish tissue This guideline is directly comparable to wet weight mercury concentrations in edible (muscle) tissue of crab
ttt Although the regulations pertain specifically to an alcohol extractable driErl fish protein product the regulations and guidelines are reported on a wet weight basis This is because durirg semple preparation for metals analyses aliquots of hCgtllOgenized tissue are sampled and weighed accurately prior to drying and digestion As the percent moisture is not determinErl (ie the semple is not re-weighed after drying) results rust be presented on the basis of the initial tissue wet weightbull
bull
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
lgtPPENDIX IV Mean values for tissue metal levels reported in cockles from Alice Arm and Davies Point (from Amax of Canada Ltd 1983) TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight)
SAMPlE SPEXIES DATE lCCATIOO N CAlraquo4I~ COPPER ZINC rlaquolLYBDENUM lEAD ARSENIC
COCKLES
(Clioocaroilll nuttall ii) 1982 Davies Point 11 095 313 7186 lt516 lt258 58)
(Clinocardilll ciliatlll) 1982 AI ice Arm AJIN 2 1 79 5173 8053 lt699 lt349 895 w 00
AIlS 2 273 5050 10288 lt1245 1133 746
BfIol 2 253 5190 8907 578 lt289 870 I
BBS 2 252 5290 10830 3580 1019 694
COl 4 279 j
7075 12030 lt729 lt364 744
CCS 7 300 4440 8912 lt692 lt346 570
Ffll 11 313 4670 8703 lt556 lt278 999
FFS 11 179 2580 7479 lt595 lt297 639
HHN 11 099 2029 6103 lt459 lt230 1085
HHE 11 101 2278 6952 lt472 lt247 777
N = ml1lber of analyses reported
bull bull bull
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
bull lt
APPENlIX V Tissue metal levels (ranges) reported in other bivalves from Alice Arm and southern BC locations
TRACE METALS (ugg dry weight) SAMPLE
SPECIES DATE LOCATlOO CAa4IlJoI Cl)PPER ZINC K)LYBDENUM LEAD ~ENIC
CLAMS (Mya arenaria) 1980 Perry Pen BC (070-160) ( 12-31) (76-164) (40-110) laquo005-20) (40-110) ltbyette and
Christie 1982 LITTLENEOlt CLAMS (Protothaca staminea) 1982 Mudge Island BC laquo05-05) (96-12) (49-55) laquo30) Harbo et aI 1983
Gabriola Island BC OORSE CLAMS w (Tresus capax) 1971 Jordan River Sooke BC 033 17 0 430 08 Harbo et aI 1983 ID
CLAMS 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay (23-205) (791-1195) 278 Harbo et al 1983 BUlreR CUIMS (Saxidamus gigantus) 1971 Port Hardy Hardy Bay 03 17 0 590 08 Harbo et al 1983 foIJSSELS (Mytilus edulis) 1977 Alice Arm BC (48-69) (9-13) (99-130 ) (11-50) ltbye tte and
Christie 1982 1978 Alice Arm BC (35-76) (13-31 ) (59-107) laquo43-78) ltbye t te and
Christie 1982 1982 Alice Arm BC (296-537) (623-996) (614-908) laquo414-lt547) laquo207-475) (741-954) Amax of CanGda
1982 1973 Crescent Beach BC 20 120 1000 10 Harbo et al 1983 1972 Victoria BC 20 120 1500 40 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 ltbId River BC 30 80 760 Harbo et aI 1983
OYSTERS (Crassostrea gigas) 1971 Canpbell River BC 87 (76-1000) (2300-22000) 10 Harbo et aI 1983
1976 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (43-99) (54-140) (810-2900) Harbo et al 1983 1977 Mudge Island Gabriola Is (29-85) (32-130) (620-4800) Harbo et aI 1983
SCAfU)PS (Hinnites gigantus) 1973 Alert Bay 110 30 590 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983
1972 Powell River 150 50 1000 lt10 Harbo et aI 1983 1972 Hornby Island 78 20 900 lt10 Harbo et al 1983 1971 Saturna Island 059 720 lt066 Harbo et aI 1983
Cl)(l(LES (Clinocardium nuttali) 1973 Crescent Beach BC lt05 110 1600 lt10 Harbo et al 1983
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 40 shy
APPENDIX VI Summary of metal levels in bivalves (pelecypods) reported fran selected coastal locations throughout the world
Concentration Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Arsenic
Pelecypods 23-26 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Pelecypods 00S-012 Gulf of Mexico Lytle etar (1982) Pelecypods 40-150 Newfoundland Penrose(1975 )
CadmiLun
Pelecypods 06-11 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt005-16 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 15-115 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Pelecypods 0-1525 Australia Klumpp etial--(1982) Pelecypods 023-111 Australia Wxgtl tonetal ( 1982) Scallop (Pecten alka) 052-1073 Australia Walker eta (1982 ) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 20-23 Tasnania Thomson--( 1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 057-324 united Kingdon Luoma et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 0-150 Denmark Poulsen(1982)
Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 1-28 South Afr ica Watling et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 25-37 South Africa Watling et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 28-1743 Australia Talbot et ale (1976) Pelecypods 008-358 Massachusetts Kerfoot -et ale (1976) bull Scallop (Pecten alka) 07-6000 california Young et al (1976)
Copper
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 37-183 Oregon LaTOuche et ale (1982) Oysters and mussels 10-54 Hong Kong Phillips et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods 053-786 Australia Klumpp et al ( 1982) Mussels (Mytilus ednlis) 103-491 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 10-370 Tasmania Thanson (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 03-119 South Africa watling (1982) Clams (Scrobiccularia plana) 17-372 Uni ted Kingdan Luoma et ale (1982) Pelecypods 60 New York Klusek-etal (1982) Oysters and clams 246-315 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 14-69 California Alexander et al(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 55-154 France Fowler et aI--(1976)
ChrcmiLU1l
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1-2 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt01 Gulf of Mexico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) lt01-46 South Africa Watlirijet al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 087-586 Australia Wxgtlton et ale (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 08-610 California Alexander-etal(1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 05-2880 France Fowler et aI(1976)
wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
- 41 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt IDeality Reference
Lead
Pelecypxls 06-1 New York Klusek et ale (1982) Oysters and clams lt05 Gulf of ~xico Lytle eta ( 1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Pelecypods Mussels (Mytilus edulis)
001-118 0-403 037-647
South Afr ica Australia Australia
Watlirg-(1982 ) KILm1pp et ale ( 1982) Wbolton et ale (1982)
Pelecypods 05-30 Tasmania 1ll0ms0n (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 027-420 California ChCM (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-1170 France Fowler et ale (1976 ) PelecypXIs 5-19 Englaoo Boyden (T975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 24-88 california Alexander et ale ( 1976)
Manganese
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 27-75 Oregon LaTOuche etal (1982) oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 01-22 South Africa Watlill3 et ale (1982) Pelecypods 30-18 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-698 France FCMler et ale (1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 2-16 South Africa Watling et ale (1976)
Mercury
Mussels (Mytilus californius) 007-25 california Flegal et ale (1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus ealifornius) 031-032 Oregon Flegal et ale ( 1981 ) Mussels (Mytilus californius) 008-014 Washington Flegal et ale (1981 ) Pelecypods pelecypods
009-011 008-226
New York United Kingdan
Klusek et ale (1982) Langson(1~1 )
Scallqgts (Pecten alka) 001-009 Australia Walker et ale (1982) Pelecypods 002 Hawaii Klemmer-et-al (1976) oysters (Cras50strea virginica) 013-0175 Marylaoo Sayler et ale (1975) Pelecypods 002 Finland Nuorteva et ale-shy ( 1975)
Molybdemrrn
Oysters and clams lt2 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 )
Nickel
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) Clam (Protothaca staminea)
21-83 115-238
Oregon Washington
LaTOuche et ale (1982) Hardy et al-(1982)
Oysters and clams lt02 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et ale (1982 ) PelecypXIs 13-40 New York Klusek et ale (1892) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 001-091 South Africa Watling-et-al (1982) Pelecypods 0321 Australia Klumpp etal (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 099-466 Australia WOolton-et-al-shy ( 1982)
bull wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight
--
- 42 shy
APPENDIX VI (Continued)
bull Concentration
Organism Metal (ugg) dry wt Locality Reference
Nickel (Cont )
PelecyJX)ds 2-174 England Boyden (1975) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 09-14 1 France Fowler et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 33-20 California Alexander et al(1976)
Zinc
Bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) 34-196 Oregon LaTouche et al ( 1982) Pelecypods 70-80 New York Klusek et-al-(1982) Pelecypods 765-821 Gulf of Mexico Lytle et al (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 12-140 France Gutierrez-Galindo
( 1981) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 18-1202 South Africa Watling et al (1982) Pelecypods 229-2940 Australia KlUllPP et aT (1982) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 1273-7056 Australia Wbolton et al (1982) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 500-7500 Tasmania ll1omson (T982) oysters and mussels 56-116 Hong Kong Phillips et al (1981) J
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 97-644 France Fowler et-al-(1976) Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 396-886 South Air ica Watling-et al (1976) Mussels (Mytilus edulis) 40-110 california Alexander-e~al(1976) Pelecypods 94-6060 England Boyden (1975)shyPelecytXgtds 05-900 New Zealand Nielsen et al (1975)
Wet weight