rssN 1859-4581

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S cience anf,Te c frno fo W J ournafof Agricufture st, Kuraf Devefopment

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTI,RE AND RI.]RAL DEVELOPMENT, VIETNAM

2015

-

TAP CHi

'{OTE EGEIEF

& PHA| fRTEfl EOEE IEATTtss{ taflt - 4!i8l

NAM THO MUoI LAM

sd 224 rAM 2o1sXUAT BAN 1 THANG 2 KY

rdNc erEN rAprs. eOr Huy xrENDf: 04.38345457

ex6 r6r'tc e:Et r4eplau xA lsAr

Pf: Q4.37711070rn.s orJono rlerun lAr

DT: A4.37716634

roA soAN - TRI SvSd 10 Nguy6n COng Hoan

Quan Ba Dinh - Ha N6iDfi 04.37711072Fax:04.37711073

E-mail: tapchinongnghiep@vnn.vnWebsite :lyww.tapchikhoahocnongnghiep.m

BO pHAl,t THUoNG TRUC135 Pasteur

Quan 3 - TP. Hd Cni MinhDT/Fax: 08.38274089

Giiy ph6p s6:4OO|GP - BVHTT

B0 Van ioa - Th6ng tin cdp ngay 28thang 12 nam 2000.

MUC tUCNGUYEN THI Kllr/ ANH, VU T0 BANG. C6c nhdn t6 6nh hrrdnq ddn 3-iltiep can r'n dufg chinh tnic cda nong ho kong lda t;nh Kien GiarigNG_UYEN 0U0C NGHI, lVAt VAN NAM. Tac dOng crla ngudn luc s6n 11-i5xudt d6n hieu gua kt thuat cOa nong h6 ngheo trdng khom a ti;fj;,ulangXUAN THj THU THAO, HOANG XUAN PH{JoNG, HO THI LA[/ TRA, 16 24

HiQu-qui srl dr;ng d6't cria nOng hd sau tich tu ddt nOng nghiep tr€n diabdn tinh Nam Dinh

NGUYEN TH NIIC, I'IOUYEI'I TRONG PHLIOC, BUI CHiB(ru. SU 25 31

tudng t6c kidu gien ve m0i trudng lCn n5ng sudt crla bO gidng l0a n6plren cac vrrng sinf thd, khac nhau cia dcjnq bano sonq Cru LonoLE HdNG EN, NGUvEN IHANH ivEt,-re H-Ar, r,rtuyEr,r inolrc 32.3s

HOANH PHoNG, tE VAN IOAN, NGUYEN VAN KET, Nqhien cfu ch6tao vat 'ieu sieu hap tru nudc bang ki thuet ghep br_rc xJ monome lannltdc ICn mun xd dra va budc dau d6nh gia hiou qua sil dung l6n caycd pho chd ( Coffea arablca)

LE vAN TRONG, V0 THt THU HleN. Nghicn cfu mdt s6 chiti6u trao 40-46doi nudc liCn quan d6n ndng sudt c0a mot s6 gidng lac ( Arachlshypogaea L.) trdng tai Thanh H6a

rAr ANH THr-t, NGUYEN tvtNH HOANG AN, NcuyEN vAN oui. sir 47-53dung m0 hinh Aquacrop trong md ph6ng ndng suet cay dau niinh hdngtrong dieu kien st dung nudc trdiNGO HdNG BNH, NGUYEN THI THU HUoNG, NGUYEN IHI BicHHONG,

-NGUYEN T"Hl THANH THAO. K6r que nghidn crlu dac didmsinh tru6ng, phet tridn c0a gidng teo 11 Tao 0S

D

o

G6ng ty cd phd:r Khoa hoc vic6rg nghQ Hoing Qudc V:et

Dia ch?: Sd 18 Hodng eudc Vi€t,Nghia 96, Cdu Gidy, Hd Ndi

HOANG THI NGA, DAN/ THI THU HA, LE IHI THU TRANG, LA TUAN 64_69

NGHIA, NGUYCN THI NGoc HUE, NGUYEN THI THOY HANG, D6HA THU. Nghien cuu da dang di truyen mot sd ngu6n gien c6y sen(Nelumbo nucifera Gaenn.l d Vi6t Nam balg chr t1i SSRHOANG THI LE HANG, NGUYEN THI THU HUONG. Nghidn cfu quy 7A-77

tflnh che bien bot dirn oudng dung cho ngud cao tudi tu cu khoai langtim Nhat B;n (qiona Murasaiimasiri)TRUONG THI I\4ONG IHU, NGUYEN THI NHU HA, TRAN THI THANH 78.85

HIEN. Nghien cfu fng dung enzym bromelain tho trong sen xudt m5mca l6c

LA VAN KiNH, vLroNG NAtv TRUNG. Anh huano cia cac mrc B6-93

kho6ng, vitamin vd can blng di6n gi6itrong kfrdu pndritOi sOc sdn xudtcUa idn thit

DINH VAN DONG, LE DiNH PHUNG, LE DIJC NGOAN, NGUYEN XUAN 94_1OO

BA. NGUYEN HW VAN. Anf'huolg cia mrJc pr0tein trong thdc a1 tinhden phat thai khr me tan d bo vang Viet Nam nuoi vo b6oNGUYEN THI OUYEN. NGUYE\

_HI KIIV LAN: NGUYEN THI NGAN. 101- 106

NGUYE'! VAN BANG, HOANG VAN HIEN. IVotdba oa aiuntronkVsinhd duong tieu noa cda cho tai Phu TroVtJ KHAC HUNG, DUoNG VAN OUY BiNH, NGUYEN THI THU fi7.112GIANG. TRINh THI THU HANG, DUONG BA IHANH DAN. Vi |(hUJNNocardia sp. gay oenh don kSng ci ca chin vay vang ( TrachinotusEiochii) nuoi tl-uong pl-dm tai not so ttnh Duyen hai NJm Trung boNGUYENTHI NGOC ANH. Anh huong c0a vi6c thay ih6 protein botca 113-119

bang protein rcng bin ( Entercnoeha sp.) trong tluc dn cno ca ro phi( O reoch romi s niloti cu s)

NGO THI VAN ANH, TRAN L|EN HA. pHi THANH [,lAt. ]\4Ot sd ydu t6 anh 120.12:huorg ddl vi khLdn Laclobacl/us plantarun Si co (ha rang len rensan xuAi axit lactic tuxelobiozaVU IHU HUONG, NGUYEN VAN TUAN, DLToNG VAN HIdU, Lien k6ttro'r-g cnuoi cung ing cay gidng trong rung sdn xJ6t tinh Dong NaiTRA\ VA\ CON, NGUYEN IOAN IHANG, VU TIEN LAIV, TRANHOANG OUY. Arh h.rong cua ki lhuat ghdp den ry le song va s rtst'Udng choi ghep loai De ann 1 Castanopsis prifory,s J,:-- tA.Camus)

LE ANH HUNG. Ph6n cdp phdng hO cho cac toai hinh srl dung ddt iArnnong nghiep vung d6i nui luu vuc song Thu Bdn

fr=

T

Gie: 20.000d

KHOA rrgc CoNG lroHl

rAc oOrue cun ruaudru lu- c sAru xuAr oEru rnEu auAxY rHuAr cun ruOruE HO rueuEo rndrua xudpr s

rirulr nEru ErANGNeuycn Qudc Nghil, Mai Ven Nam'z

l6MTATMgc ti€u cria nghi€n cftr ndy nhim danh gid tr4,c dong cria ngudn ft1c san xudt atdn hieu qua ky thuat ctandng hQ nghio trdng kh6m (dria) d tinh Tidn Giang. Thdng qua c6ch tidp cAn 2 buoc (two-step approach),

nghien cft-l rl,ng dung m6 hinh DEA (Data Envolopment Analysis) vd phan tich MLR (Multiple Linear

Regression - Hdi quy tuydn tinh tla muc ti€u) nhim gidi quydt mqc tiou da dat ra. Dn leu nghicn cf'u aluaa

thu thap tu 98 hO nghdo trdng kh6m d vung nguyen lieu kh6m Tan Phuoc, tinh Ti6n Giang, noi co vung

chuy€n canh khom lo,n nhdt tldng bing sdng Ciru Long. Kdt qua phAn tich cho thdv rang, hieu qul ky thuitcta hd nghdo trdng kh6m dat dugc tuong ddi kh6 tdt, mdt sd hO nghdo dqt alugc hieu qua ky thuat tdi uu.

Quan trong hoTr, kdt qui phan tich da chi ra 4 ngudn luc quan trong inh hudng ddn hieu qui ky thudt cua

h6 ngheo trdng kh6m ld: kinh nghiQm sin xudt, trinh do hoc vdn, mric d6 tidp can kg thuitvd di6n tich s6n

xudt. Trong d6, ydu td mtc dO tidp c4n ky thuQt tac tlQng mqnh nhdt ddn hi€u qul ky thuat cta h0 nghio

trdng kh6m d tinh Tidn Giang.

Tirl<h6u Hi€u qai I{ thuit, ngadn luc sdn xuAt sdn phdm khdm, ndng h0.

t.oiT uiifl08

N6ng nghigp vln la mot khu vuc quan trang ddivoi su phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi o rung tl6ng bang

song Cuu long noi chung va hnh Tien Giang noi

ri6ng. la mot trong nhting dia phuong duqa thien

fi€n uu d6i, nhidu ndm qua, nganh nOng nghi€p tinhTidn Giang kh0ng chi g6p phan thuc hiOn vai tro rlAm

bdo an ninh lusng thuc ma con la noi cung cap sinhrong trai cdy lon nhdt trong ving. Nhidu loai b:ai c0y

tl4c san -gan

voi ten tu6i clia tlia phuong tla dqm bi6tddn trdn pham vi ci num nhrr xodi cit Hda L4c, vtisfa ll Rdn, thanh long Chq Gao hay kh6m T2n Lap.

Ddc bi€t, voi dien tich san xudt kh6m hon 15.000 ha,

Trdn Giang tla trd thnnh vung chuy€n canh kh6m ldnnhdt cri nurc. Hang ndm, Tidn Giang orng cdp cho flrib-uong khoring 260.000 tiin khom ddp riTrg nhu cdu

ti6u dirng trong nu6c vd xudt khdu. Hon 20 nam gdn

b6 voi ciy kh6m, nOng h0 tr6ng kh6m 6 tinh TidnGiang tla c6 nhidu kinh nghiQm trong phuong ph6p

canh tilc. Tiry nhiOn, hoat tlQng sln xudt kh6m cira

nhidu nOng hO van cdn khdng it kh6 khdn, ddc bict ld

ndng h0 nghdo bi han chd vd ngudn luc sln xudlTheo Marsh et al (2007), nguoi nghdo 1d ndng dinthudmg chidm tf lO 1on vd ho thudng thi6u kg thuat

san xudt do bi han chd vd ngudn lqc san xudl Ntun

2014, $ le h0 nghdo tai vung chuy€n canh khdm Tan

Phuoc, tinh Tidn Giang lir 17,4%. DE ld mdl trong

nhung thech ftrrc md tlia phuong cdn phii vrryi qua il6

dat duoc muc ti€u xiy drmg vung chuydn canh kh6m

theo hu6ng san xrdt tidn tidn. Dd dal tlu.c diilu do,

vicc lam tnroc m6t li cdn phai ci,i thic. n ngudn 1r-r: san

xudt cho h0 nghdo. Chinh vi thd, muc tieu dimh gie

tic ddng ora ngudn lus san xudt ddn hi€- u qui kt thuat

cia h0 ngheo trdng kh6m le rdt cen Ori6L Kdt quinghi€n criu s€ ld co s& hhoa hoc quan trqng dd nganh

nOng nghiQp Tidn Giang tham khio, xiy dtmg chrrong

trinh hanh dOng nham niing cao n;ing luc sin xudl. cdi

thi6.n hic. u quA ki thuat cho h0 nghdo tr6ng kh6m.

2. PffiTSNUiP]*IGIHfi'

2.1. Dt lieu nghien dm

Dir li-eu cria nghiOn irm ndy tlurc thu thap hr cuOc

tlidu tra tnrc ti6p 98 nong h0 nghdo trdne kh6m 6huyOn Tan Phuoc, tinh Tidn Giang. C6c ndng hd

nghdo trdng kh6m duoc chon theo phuong phfp

thuan tiOn c6 tlidu kiQn (tlia ban hanh chinh va qui m0

canh tlc). Edi tuqmg duoc chen ph6ng vdn tr.rrc ti6p ld

chir h0 - nguoi tuc tidp tham gia san xudt vd quy6t

tlinh diu tu sdn xudt khom. MOl sri thong tin chung ve

tlac ttidm cira hO ngheo trdng kh6m 6 tinh Tidn Giang

du.oc finh briy fong bang 1.

t5

' Khoa Kinh ti5 - qTKD, Trudng Dai hqc Cdn Thrr: Khoa Sau Dqi hgc. Truong Dai hoc Can Tho

NONG NGHTCp vA pxAr rnlE'tt NONG IHON - Ki I - THANG l0/2015 l1

KHOA Hgc cOilG NGHi

Bang 1. Neudn lrrc sin xudt cia nOng hQ nghdokhom d huyOn Tin Phurc

Ti6u chi Don vitinh

Trungbinh

D0 bchchudn

Sci nhrin khdu Neuoi/h0 4,00 1,665

lao tldng sin xudtkhdm Nguryi/hd 2,00 0,959

Didn tich trdng kh6m 1.000 m'z 9,08 9357,242

Sd ndm kinh nghiOm l\ am 6,82 5,108

Trinh tld hoc vdn criachrl h0

l\am dlhoc

5,613,098

Nguon: So lieu rlieu tra ctla ncgid, nan 20/j2.2. Phuong ph6p nghicn criuNghi€n cdu n:iy tluoc thuc hiOn theo phuorg

phap tidp can hai giai doan (two-step approach). Dduti6n, dd do ludng hidu qu:i ky thu6t cira h0 ngheotrdng khom, m0 hinh DEA duoc ri'ng dung. Sau do,c6c ydu td li6n quan ddn ngldn luc sin xudt crla hdnghdo trdng kh6m (trinh rl0, kinh nghi€m, lao ddnggia clinh, muc rl0 tidp can kt thuat vd di€n tich sinxudt kh6m) duoc dua vio md hinh hdi quy tuydn tinhda bidn nham giAi thich su thay rldi cria hidu qui lrythuat.

2.2.1. Uic luqng hipu qu:i ky thu6t bdng m6 hithDE4

DEA (Data Envolopment Analysis) ld mOtphuong ph6p phi tham sd uoc luorlg hidu qui k!thuAt cira chir thd san xudt trong n6ng nghi€p. DEAla mOt tip hqp phuong trinh tuydn tinh iluoc lAp trinhboi Fanell (1957) dd tinh toan biOn phi tham sd vahi€u qui cu thd bang cach so sriurh ddu vao vi aldu raco aluoc trong qu6 trinh sin xudt cia m6t ,,alon vi raquydt tltnh" (hd sAn xudt). Theo Farrell (1957), hicuquA lq; thudt duoc thd hicn bing ti sd giaa nang sudtthuc td va nang sudt tdi da ma n6ng hd c6 thd ilatduoc trong didu ki€n ky thuat va luo,ng dAu vdo hidntai. DEA sE xdc dinh duong bi6n hi€u quA chung criaciic hd sin xudt vA didm hi€u qud ki thuit crla h0 niionam tren duong bien ndy duoc cho la dat hieu qud kythuat. Theo d6, Coelli (1996) da phrit tridn motchuorg trrnh mdy hrlh (DEAp) de thuc hien mo hinhDEA manh m6 hon vni nhi6u lua chon khdc nhauthdng qua da giai doan (Alemclar vd Oren. 2006).Trong nghien crru nay. mo hrnh DEA dinh htronsdau vao theo quy mo co dinh duoc t}iet lap nhu sau:

TE, = min\O,. Rdng buOc: -! + y), > 0; 0,X,_ Xl )0; )':0.

Trong &i: X uA Y lin ltet lA vector dAu vdo v)vector diu ra; 0, 1z) hi€u qui lrV thudt crta h0 thft itheo quy md cA' dinh; ). (tLrl) drcrc xzic dinh boj mdiquan h€ tuydn ttnh g:ina ciic h6 siin xuil't kltom cinsnhom vot ho thu i: vtyi 0._0.< /; niu 0.= l ttti ho clangsen xuAt ten duong bi€n higu qut4, do dd h6 se dathigu quti kl tltuet Ngrqc Ia, ndu 0,<1 tH h6 chua dathi€u qui kV thuAt

2.2.2. MO hinh h6i quy tuydn tlnlt xzic dinh micdQ tic &)ng cia ngu6n lqc srin xu lt ddn hi€u qud lc,thuit c a hO nghio trdng khdm

Trong n0ng nghi€p, cric ydu td lien quan ddnnguon luc san xuar khd da dang va chting co the tontai ducri hinh th6i vAt chdt ddt dai, phuong ti€n sinxudt, ngudn luc lao ddng (Marsh et al.. 200D. Vicctln dgng hqp l]t cac ngudn luc sAn xudt se mans laihieu qu6 .r. trong san xuat nong nghiep. Tronfdo,ngudn nhin luc hay ngudn luc lao ddng tluor: xem ldy6u t0 quan trong hang tldu. Ngudn luc vd con nguoiduo'r: thd hien khdng chi bang sd luong ma con binechdt luung suc lao dong duoc sti dung vdo nOngnghi€p. Chdt luong lao rl6ng g6m cA nhnng y6u td vdtri thtirc, ky ndng, kinh nghi0m. B6n canh do, trinh d6hoc vdn duor xem ia van de then chot trong su phattri6n, trinh d0 hoc vdn cao giup cho ndng hO tangcuong khA ndng nim b6t thOng tin, dd dring imgdung khoa hoc Lg thuat vao sAn xudt, su dung hiduquei cic ngudn luc ddu vdo, tlidu tl6 girip nOng dincanh tac nOng nghi€p tlat hidu qui hon fiIuffrnan.1977; Foster vd Rosennveig, 1996: yang, 2004).Ngodi ra, trong trdng trot, ddt dai la tu lieu sin xudtchri ydu va khdng th6 thay thd duoc, quy mO ddt dainhidu hay it cnng ld ydu td anh huong ddn hi6u quAsan xuat cua nong ho (Nglyen The Nha va Vu D;hThing, 2004). Dua vdo cdc thdng tin li€n quan vuaduoc luoc khio, theo do mO hinh hdi quy tuydn tinhduoc thi€lt lAp nhu sau:

TE= Bo + BI{INHNGHIEM + BTTRINHDO +BTTIEPCANI{T + B4L4ODONGGD + BpIENTICH

Trons: dd: p, lA hQ s6'@t (hdng s6); /l,le lte sdtiic dQng' cia cic bidn dQc ljp dd.i voi bidn phu thuAc.Y li bien phu thuoc rtuoc do luong btlng.iiCu qua l<J,thuQt cfia hQ ngheo sin xueT kh6n. Czic bidn dQc I|pKTNHNGHIEM TRTNHDO, TIEPCANKLLAODONGGD, DIENTICH duo. c tli6n g:itii cu thdnhu sau:

]'

t2 NONG NGHtEp vA pnAr rnrE"ru NONG THON - KV I _ THANG to/2ots

ao va

thti ii mdicingamg

:e o2ra dat

,m*cuew

oen

C tonr san

vlecrg larg oo,

:m larguoibingr0ngt0 vC

ndophattAngfmghi9udan

nffi,)04).

xudtt oar

qua

)inhvtra

tinh

DO+)Hesoudc.

drt

rKlthd

Ngudn: Tdng hqp crta Lic g:iti

3. IGT tlui IIGIIEII HIIJ U[ ilAO I.UIN

3.1. HiQu qun ky dru& cua h0 nghdo bdng kh6mBing 3. Hie,u qui kf thuit vri ning sudt cua hO nghdo

kfi6m

Gid ti hi€u qui

HiQu qud

kgthu4t(yte %

n1ng hO)

Ning sudtthqc td

(kc/I.000nf)

Neng sudtbi mdt

(ks/l.000nf)

1,00 19,39 7.729,79

0,90 - 0,99 7,t4 1.736.51 n,o50,80 - 0,89 r429 1.740,10 21,87

0,70 -0.79 1.790,01 42,70

0,60 - 0,69 20,41 1.612,99 %,570,5 - 0.59 t.7u,6l 115,18

<0,5 3,06 1.583,04 293.73

lrung binhG{OTI.])

0,77 (r9) 1..717,57 60,06

)0 rong0,,1&1,00 925,0G

2.352.94

0,00 -

540,18

)0 lOch chudn 0,16 2.45.98 113.73

Nga6n: Kdt qui phdn ach DEA tu sd lieu khlios4t nAm 2014

Ghi chn: (HQTUs): sd ha dat hieu que 6i uuChi sd hieu qui ki thuit theo m0 hinh DEA

tniong hap tdi thidu h6a ddu vdo nim trong khoangtu 0 tldn bing 1. Ndu he sd ndy bing 1 c6 nghia 1)h0 san xudt kh6m tlat hicu qui ki thuat tdi uu, nh6hon 1 co nghia ld h0 chua dat hi6u que ky thuat. Kdtqui phdn tich cho thdy, hiOu qul kg thuat cira h0nghdo sAn xudt kh6m dat tluqa ld 0,77 voi d0 rongkha 16rr (0,479 - 1,000). Chi sd ndy cho thdy, voi mucnang sudt tla dat duqa thi nOng hd chi cdn sit dung

NONc NGHTEP vA pnAr TRtdN NoNG THON

77% luong dAu vio da dung. Nga'.ii 14 kdt qua cungn6i len rdng h0 sAn xudt kh6m c6 TE nhti hon 1 nentidn hanh eiam thidu clc ydu td tfdu uio tf6 thuchrinh tidt ki6m vd dat hi€u qui vd kg, tfiuit- Benc.anh tl6, sd hd dat hieu qua ky thuat t6i ru (IE = 1)

chi chidm 19,39% tren tdng sd h0- Yoi mric ndngsudt kh6m hi€n tai, ndng h0 nghdu da iang phi gAn

30% cfc y6u t6 nhAp iuong. Chi ti6t tung y6u td tlu. ctrinh bdy trong bing 4. Ngoai ra, voi mric hi€u quA

kf thuil dat duqc chra tdi uu, hd nghio ala ll6nh mdtphan ning sudt c6 thd tlat tldn ndu bi& sri drlng ciicngudn tldu vio hqp 11j hon. Trung binlr" h0 neheo dadlnh mdt ldroing 60,06 fu L*r6ml1.000 m2 trongtruong hqp san xudt theo phuung phip hien tri. Mucsin h.lqng bi mdt cao nhdt len tldn 5110,18 kg/1.000m'z- C6 th€ thdy rang, n6u nhu hi€u qui kt thuat crlandng hQ nghdo tl4t tluoc cdng cao thi ning sudtkh6m bi tldt thodt cang thdp, ttdng thoi sq lang phicdc ydu t6 ddu vdo trong siin xudt c-nng s€ it hcm.

Bing 4. Lr@g leng phi c6c yCu td tldu vALo iua h0kh6m

Ddu vio Thrrc tCISngDhi

Gidng (cayl1000 ml 2.U7,56 83,60

Phan b6n (kel1000 m1 87.80 14,00

Ihudc BVTV 0itl1000 m'?) 78,43 32,UKhi de ftg/1000m1 0,57 0,14

Nhi€n lidu (htl1000 m'z) 2,65 0.68

Lao dong thu€ (nedv/1000 m'z) 2,00 0,18

Lao tlOne sia dinh (nsdv/1000 m'?) t2,32 1.71

Ngu6n: Kdt qui phan tich DEA nr sd ligu khio sitndm 2014

- KV I - THANG to/2ots lj

Bdng 2. Di6n gini c6c bidn tlQc l{p trong md hinh hdi quy trydn tinh

, Bidn sd Dm vi finh Di€n siei biCn Neudn minh chdns.KINHNGHMM

NamNhan giA tri tuong ring voi sd nim kdngkh6m cria nguoi san xudt chinh

Yans Qmq,Hufflll,ffi (lW7),Foster & Rosenzweie (1996)

iHocvaN NemNhan gi6 ti h"iong ring voi s6 ndm tl6ntruorne cuangu0i san ) dt chinh

Yang (2ffi4), Huturn (1974,Foster & Rosenzweie (1996) ,

;TIEPCANKT LanNh6n gi:i tui tuong rmg sd lan tham dutAp hudn ki thuit cua nguai san xudtchinh trong m nghidn oiu

Nguyen Vtu Song (2$4, QuanMinl Nhut (2010)

TAODONGGD Ngdy/vuNhan gi6 tri hrorg ring voi sd ngay conglao tl6ng gia dinh phuc rn sin xudtkh6m

Hulnh Truong Huy & I-c TdnNghicm (2008)

,nmNlCft 1000 m'z

Nhan gia tri tumg (mg voi di€n tich san

Kudt kh6m cAa nong h0 trong \,L nghiencuu

Nguycn Th6 Nh6, Ve DinhThdng (2004), TrusEg Hdng VdTudn KiCt. Hr,ra ffinTni (2013)

[5

KHOA IIOC GOilG ilGHE

3.2. Srr,lic dQng cua ngudn lrc san xudt ddn hi€uqui lri thunt cua n6ng h0 nghdo trdng kh6m

Kdt qui ph6n tich hdi qui cho thdy, mric 1i nghiacria m6 hinh = 0,00 nh6 hon rdt nhidu so voi muc c =1%, vi th6 m0 hinh hdi qui tluor: thidt lap phi hqp, hicld c6c ydu td ngudn lrrc c6 inh huong ddn hi€u quAki thuat. Voi d0 ph6ng tlai phuong sai grIF) cia c6cbidn trong mO hinh nh6 ho,n 4, c6 th6 kdt ludn m0hinh khOng c6 hiOn tumrg da c0ng tuydn (Mai VenNam, 2008). Ddng thcri, kdt quA kidm dinh Hettest c6gi6 tri Prob>Chi, lon hon rdt nhidu so voi mric fnghia n =5% n€n c6 thd kdt luAn m0 hinh khdng bihien tugng phuong sai sai sd thay tldi. He sd F hieuchinh = 0,198 c6 5i nghia ring 19,8% sq bidn thi€n cirahicu qui ki thuAt duoc giii thich bcri cac ydu td 1i0nquan tl€jn ngudn luc siLn xudt.

5. I(6t quA ohan tich hdi tinh tla

Bi6n tlQc l{p He s6(B)

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YIF{INHNGHIEM 0,0045 3.81 0,000 1,12IRINHDO 0,0126 5,95 0.000 1,07

IIEPCANKT 0.0565 8.76 0,000 1.06JODONGGD 0.0006 0,56 0.578 1,03]IENTICH -0.0029 -3.74 0,000 1,02ling sd 0.6382 31.18 0.000le sri ffhieu chinh 0,198>ig.F cda mo hinh 0.000flettest @rob>Chi) 0,57E

bi6n

Ngu6n: Sd lieu di6u h'a oia tic gjti, 2014Dua vdo kdt quA phan tich cho thdy, trong 5 ydu

td tlua v;io md hinh thi c6 4 ydu td anh huong ddnhi0u qui kt thuat cira hd nghdo trdng kh6m. DidundLy cho thdy rang, c6c ydu td lien quan ddn ngudnluc sin xudt, tlec bi€t la ngudn nhin luc ld rdt quantrong ddi voi hi€u qui ky thuAt cria h0 nghdo trdngkh6m. Mric tld tac ddng cria tung ydu td rluoc giaithich cu thd nhu sau:

Mti'c d0 tidp dn kI thuAt QIEPCANLT) dtroc xemla ydu td c6 su anh huong quan trong nhdt tldn hi€u quik! thuat cua hQ ngheo trdng kh6m. H€ sd Lic dOng cuabidn sd niy c6 tac ddng duong ddi voi hiQu qui ky thuit6 mrrc f nghia 1% trong didu kiQn aic ydu td khac khOngddi. Nhu vdy, c6 thd thdy dng ndu h6 ngheo duoc tidpcan cang nhidu voi cac chuong trinh tAp hudn, hoi ftao,chuy6n giao ti6n bd k! thuit thi hi€u qui ky thuAt cuahQ nghdo sC duoa nang cao. Didu nay cho thdy var fdquan trqng cua tidn bd ki thu{t trong vicc nang caondng sudt san x:udt kh6m. Ydu tii quan trong thu hai comrrc d0 anh huong khdng nh6 rldn hi€u qui ky ttruat

cira hd nghdo trdng kh6m ctinh ld h.inh d0 hoc udn

SRI ryIDO).Bien sd ndy c6 h0 sd tric ddng duong vd c6

f nghia th6ng ke d mric 1%. Trong tlidu kiOn cic ydu tdkhric khOng tl6i, ndu trinh tld hoc vdn cua h0 nghdotrdng kh6m tltror: cai thi€n thi hiCu qui lri thu|t se tluocndng cao. Chung minh nay phri hqp voi kdt qui nghidncuu cua Yang (2004), Huffrnan (1970, Foster vaRosenzweig (1996). Day h ydu td can rlum xem trongndu mu6n xAy drmg mdt ndn nOng nghiQp hi6.n d4r, ti€ntidn. B€n canh d6, kinh nghi€m sin ruA:t(IilNHNGHIEM c&a hd nghdo ctng tac dOng tich crrctldn hiCrr quA ky thuit vd bidn nay c6 y nghia thdng k6 6mdc 1%. N6u nhu ciic y€lu td khac khOng ddi, sd nemkinh nghi€m trong hoat d0ng trdng kh6m cdng cao, dacbict ndu hd ngheo bidt kdt hqp voi kidn thrrc tidn bO k!thuAt thi hi€u qui ki thuat se aing tdt hon.

Trong khi do, die,n h'ch sdn xudt (DIENmCI,clng c6 1i nghia thdng kC 6 mtrc 1%, tuy nhi€n didn tichlai c6 Lic along am ddi voi hi€u qui ky thuat cua h0nghdo trdng kh6m. Tu thuc td, tli6u ndy c6 thd tlurcg:ii thich trong rlidu kidn bi Sroi han vd c6c ngudn lucsin xudt ndu tdng dien tich canh tac thi khi neng thidungudn lrrc san xudt ngdy cang trdm trong. Ho,n thd nira,kha nang quan $, srl dung ciic ngudn lrc tldu tu kiritAng qui m0 cfrng khOng kha quan n€n anh huong ti6ucrrc tldn hi6u qui ki thuit cia nong h0 nghdo. Ngoaira, m{c dir ydu ttt lao dQng g:ia dkh (IAODONGGD)khdng c6 j nghia thdng kC, tuy nhi€n ddu crja h0 sdu6c luo'ng cira bi€in ndy c6 gid tri duo,ng, cho thdy su tiictldng tich crc cia lao dOng gia dinh ddi voi hi€u qui k9thu4t trong sin xudl Trong chimg muc niio tl6, laoddng thu€ aluor cho ld kh0ng hidu qui bing cOng laorlOng gia alinh, bd chinh chri thd san xudt moi c6 nhidutdm huy6t vii su nhi€t tinh trong lao d0ng tr€n diOn tichsan xudt cua minh (Irdhi, 2010) .

4. tfituflrlNhin chung, kdt qui nghi€n cuu dd cho thdy rang

ndng hd ngheo trdng khom d tinh Tidn Giang tlat hi€uqui ky thudt kh6 ttit, voi muc hi€u qui ki thuit trungbinh ld 0,77. Phdn nang sudt bi thdt thoit d ndng lucs6n xudt hidn tai ciia n0ng hd ngheo ld kh6 lo,n, voi60,06 kg khom/1.000 m,. Kinh nghi€m canh tiic, trinhdQ hoc vdn, mric tld ti6p cin lri thuAt 1i nh[hrg ydu td1i0n quan ddn ngudn ltrc con nguoi c6 su tiic d6ng tichcuc tldn hi6u qui ky thuit trong sin xudt kh6m ctan0ng hd nghdo. Trong tl6, mric rl0 tidp c6n ki thuit ldy€u td c6 tac ddng quan trqng nhdt. Didu ndy dachr?ng t6 vai trd quan treng cira vidc ti6p can va 6pdung cdc phuong thuc canh tiic ti€n tidn trons san

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rfiLm fimK[io1. Coelli T. J. (1996). A Guide to DEAP Version

2.1: A Data Envelopment Analysis (Computer)

Program. Center for Efftciency and ProductivityAnalysis, University of New England, Australia.

2. Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement ofproductive efficiency. Journal of the Royal StatisticalSociety: Series A, 21: 253-81.

3. Foster, A D. and Rosenzweig, M. R. (1996).

Technical Change and Human Capital Returns andlnvestments: Evidence from the Green Revolution.American Economic Review, 86(4): 931-953.

4. Huynh Truong Huy & tr Tdn Nghiem(2008). Thu nhip vd da dang h6a thu nhAp cira nOng

hd 6 d6ng bdng sOng Criu tong. Tal 1i0u Chuongtrinh NPTANM/0l3 Co sd cho phit tridn doanhnghic. p vua va nh6 vd n0ng hQ d ddng bdng s0ng CriuLong. Hd N0i: Nhd xudt ban Gieo duc, trang 16 -184.

5. Huffrnan, W.E. (1977). Allocative efficiency:The Role of Human Capital. Quarterly Journal ofFronomics. Vol. 9l(797 h : 5*7 9.

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8. Marsh S. P., MacAulay T. G. and Hmg P. V.(eds), 2007. furicultural development and land policy rnVietnam: policy briefs. ACIAR Monograph No.126,72p.

9. NguyCn Thd Nh6, V[ alinh Thin 9,2002. Gii;otrinh kinh td nOng nghiOp. Nhiir xudt ban Thdng ke.Ha Noi.

10. Nguy0n Van Song (2004) . Hieu qui ki thuat vdmdi quan h€ voi ngudn hrc con nguci fong sin rrrdt hiacria n0ng din ngoai thdnh Ha Ndi. Tham khlo tai:

http://www.vnua.edu.vn:85/tc khktnn/UploadTo5CSXuacuanongdanngoaithanh kFtnt452006.pdf

11. Quan Minh Nhut vd Nguy0n Qu6c Nghi(2010). Giai phep nang cao hi€rr quA ung dung tidn b0ky thuat trong san xudt lia 6 tinh Ddng Thrp. Dd tainghi€n cri'u khoa hoc cdp tinh. So Khoa hoc & COng

nghc tinh Ddng Th6p.12. Truong Hdng, Vo Tudn Ki€t vd Hna Tdn Tai,

2013. Anh huong sd hcru tldt tlai tldn thu nhA. p ndngh0: trudrng hqp xa Mi Tu, huy€n My Tri, tinh S6c

Trang. Tap chi Khoa hoc Truong Dai hoc Cdn Tho.Sd 28 D (2013), trang 7$83.

6. l,odhi, A H. A. (2010). Land, labour and 13. Yang, D. T. (2004). Education and allocativeagrarian transition in Vietnam. Journal of Agrarian efficienry: household income groxth during ruralChange. Vol. 10. No. 4, pp.56,f580. refoms in China. Journal of Development

Economics. Vol. 74, pp.l37- 162.

IMPACT OF PRODUCTION RESOIJRCES ON TECHMCAL EFFICMNCY OF POORPINEAPPLES NARMING INTMN GIANG PROVINCE

Nguyen Quoc Nghi, Mai Van Nam

Summary

The study aims to determine the impact of production resources to the technical ef[ciency of poor

households who have been growing pineapples in Tien Giang province. Through the two-step approach, theresearch applied models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) toaddress the objective given. Research data were collected from 98 the poor households which is in TanPhuoc material input in Tlen Giang province. This is intensive area which is the largest region for pineapple-

gowing in Mekong delta. The results showed that the technical efficiency of the poor households was

relatively good, some others get optimum efEciency. Moreover, the analysis results showed that there are

four important resources affecting techdcal efficiency of the poor households as production experience,

education, level approach of technical advancement and area of production. In particular, level approach oftechnical advancement is tlle most impact to technical efficiency of tlle furmer households growingpireapple in Tien Giang province.

IGywords: Technical eftciency, production resources, pineapple, households.

Ngudi phan biQn: TS. Nguy6n Thlng

Ngny nhan bei: 15/5/2015

Ngdy thdng qua phan biQn: 75/6/2015

Ngdy duyQt tlang: 22/6/2015

t5NONG NGHTFP VA PHAT TRTEN NONG THON - KY I - THANG tO/2O15 ll