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SUMMARV OF EMISSIONS REDUCTIONSBI/Welght
A JOINT PROJECT FOR:
Toyota Motor CompanyPensRe Leasing
Rentar Environmental Solutions, Inc.
Freightlinen - Caterpillar C-12's
REDUCTlONS*
• 6.9 Tons Of NOx Reduced• 305 Tons Of C02 Reduced• 2.9 Tons of CO Reduced• .75 Tons of THC Reduced• 25,309 Gallons Of Fuel Saved*
Results CalculatedAsIfUsing The 58 Tru<:h Toyota CarrierReetof Pe""", Leased Tractors Located In SouthernCalifornia •
Tertlng Canducted On 10Frelghtllners Equipped With CaterpillarC-12 EnginesUsing The Rentar Fuel Catalyst
At Johnson Caterpillar.Riverside CaliforniaAnd The CARB recognized ECOlogic Engine Testing Laboratorles.
Fullerton California
TertingConducted UnderThe Supervision of Toyota MotorCompany. PenslleLeasingand Rentar Environmental Solutions. Inc.
• see NextPageAnd Entire Test ReportFor Oetel/s.
SUMMARY Of EMISSIONS REDUCTIONSMEASURED IN TONAGE
FOR TIlE TOYOTA CAR CARRIER FLEET OF 58 TRUCKSCLASS 8 FRlEGHTLlNER TRUCKS
WITH CATERPILLAR e-raENGINES
Attached is the data provided from the recent testing of the Toyota-Penskeautomobile carriers at Johnson Caterpillar, Riverside, and ECOlogic EngineTesting Laboratories, Fullerton. The table below shows the reductions in each of theemissions categories along with the reductions projected based upon these resultsfor your fleet of 58 vehicles.
This data was provided by Ecologic Engine Testing Laboratories, Inc. under thedirection of Mr. Donel Olsen of Olson EngineeringlETS. His letter exhibiting themethods used for the determination of emission reductions is attached.
THC CO NOx CO,
Weighted avg. reductionsin emissions from all data 21% 13% 16% 2%
Weighted avg. baselineemissions, grams/mile .48 2.89 5.66 calculated
Emission reductionsin pounds/year/truck 26 100 238 10,527
Emission reductions forfleet of 58 trucksin pounds/year 1,508 5,800 13,804 610,566
In tons/year .75 tons 2.9 tons 6.9 tons 305 tons
Fuel reduction: 120,000 miles/year/5.5 miles/gallon x 2% x 58 trucks = 25,309gallons saved each year
Notes:I) conversion ofpounds into tons assumes 2000 lbslton2) confidence in TIIC/COINOx numbers is 95%3) confidence in CO, numbers is 90%4) CO, reduction is 40 grams/mile5) No warranty, either expressed or implied, is represented that identical results will always be experienced
[ )A division of
(2JOlson Engineering, Inc.
September 3, 2003
Mr. Joel Ratner, President /CEORentar Environmental Solutions, IncBy Email Transmission
Re: Estimated annual pollution reduction using the Rentar in-line fuel catalyst on Toyota carcarrier trucks and assuming 120,000 miles of operation per year per truck-assumptions andbasis for the estimated reductions.
Dear Mr. Ratner:
In accordance with your request and the insistent urging of Dr. Yelin this letter reportsupplements my letter report on the same subject dated September 1, 2003.
The basic calculations start by converting all the useable data to percent improvement for eachpollutant when comparing the baseline data to the data obtained by the same testing protocolafter operation with the Rentar fuel catalyst. Some of the data were reported by volume (ppm)rather than on a mass basis (grams/per mile or grams per hp-hr), but by converting allimprovements to percentage it is possible to convert the final numbers back to a mass basisand simply calculate the tons or pounds per unit mile or per year using specified assumptions .
The transient cycle (UDDS) data obtained at ETS that was used in this analysis were measuredin diluted ppm over a specified distance traveled that permits calculation on a mass basis simplyknowing the distance traveled, the dilution ratio and, of course, the molecular weight for thepollutant of interest. These data were all corrected for temperature and humidity prior tocalculat ion as an important part of the protocol to eliminate the contributory (and usuallysignificant) effect of these testing variables. When steady-state data are measured such as thework done by ETS at 40 MPH and all of the Johnson Caterpillar testing, it is only necessary tomeasure the volume concentration as long as proper corrections are made for humidity andtemperature (and of course barometric pressure) to determine the change in each pollutantcompared to the baseline.
The assumptions used in the weighting of test data from the various testing protocols is notquIte so straightforward since it Involves my own estimates based on our experience. First forthe baselines :
I averaged each pollutant data for all seven Toyota trucks tested at ETS separately for theUDDS transient cycle and the 40 MPH steady-state data. Then I weighted the UDDS by 67%and the 40 MPH steady state by 33% to determine the composite weighted baseline averages.This assumption is a result of the UDDS data being more typical of over-the-road simulation forthe Toyota trucks in ordinary application. This resulted in the following values:
1370 South Acacia Avenue, Fullerton, California 92831714·774-3385 • Fax [email protected]
[ .... ]Grams per mile
THC CO NOx
UDDS averages for 7 trucks 0.541 3.111 6.Q10
40MPH steady-state 7 trucks 0.358 2.453 4.954
Weighted averages (Baseline)(UDDS 67% and 40 MPH 33%) 0.480 2.892 5.6587 trucks, grams per mile
I used these as the baseline data from which the percentage improvements were all calculated.Then I used the percentage improvements previously calculated for each set of data todetermine the improvements for each pollutant in grams per mile (since the baseline data wereall in grams per mile).
Here though, I was only able to use the NOx data from the Johnson testing (and the C02 data)and from the last two Toyota trucks. Therefore I weighted the data from the Rentar tests in adifferent manner. First I averaged all the THC, CO and NOx data from the last two trucks testedat ETS for Toyota and then for THC and CO (only) I averaged all the data from the first fivetrucks tested at ETS for Toyota . Since the Johnson data for NOx may have been morerepresentative for the NOx data (run at heavier load than ETS data) I weighted the Johnsondata by 67% and the ETS data by 33%. Finally I averaged these data together to find theexpected percent improvement as shown below:
Percent Improvement
5 truck ETS averages, %
2 truck ETS averages, %
Johnson Caterpillar data, %
Overall average, %
THC
23.5
18.2
20.8
CO
21.7
4.5
13.1
7.3 (NOx wtd. 33%)
20.9 (NOx wtd. 67%)
16.4 (wtd avg. for NOx)
These are the percentages (rounded to the nearest full no.) I used in all the calculations exceptfor C02 as described below.
Carbon Dioxide Data:
Carbon dioxide data averages are based on the 2% fue l saving since at least 95% of the fuel isdetermined in carbon balance by the C02 data. It is unknown from any of the data what theC02 emissions would be with mileage of 5.5 MPG as estimated from Toyota personnel to bethe average mileage in typical use for these trucks . However, an approximate average fromother test projects would be 2,000 gram/mile of C02 when averaging 5.5 MPG. A reduction of2.0% results in 40 grams/mile X 120,000 miles/454 grams/ib.= 10,573 pounds per truck/year.
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Fullerton, California 92831Fax 714·[email protected]
( " 1
This is a C02 estimated reduction of over 5 tons C02 per truck per year. This estimate issubject to an error on the order of +/- 10% while all the other data are estimated to be within astandard error of less than +/- 5%.
Discussion:
Basis for the estimates and assumptions provided in this analysis is subject to some errorprobability since the data sets for comparison are not identical or equal in size. Furthermoreengine loading in the ETS tests was considerably lighter than the engines experience on theaverage in normal use . However, a few data subsets were tested to check the data validityunder varying circumstances and this sub analysis has provided confidence that the conclusionaverages, except for C02, are probably accurate within +/- 5% at a 95% confidence level. C02averages as mentioned above are probably accurate within +/- 10%. These levels ofconfidence are possible since the test projects are all based on comparative data rather thanthe necessity to obtain absolute levels of data.
if#/lfNJ#
1370 South Acacia Avenue,714-774-3385 •www.etsusa.net
Fullerton, California 92831Fax [email protected]
(
Table 2
)
Chassis Dynamometer Testing of
Toyota Car Carrier Tractors
Powered by Caterpillar C-12 Diesel Engines
Vehicle 10No.1FVHBGASX3HL63146
Baseline UDDS.HD Transient Cycle Test
GRA MS PER MILE GRAMS GM/MILE MPGHC CO NOx CO2 PM PM Fuel
Baseline TestMiles No.
22,320 V5001513 0.578 3.162 6.497 874.590 0.0033 0.0105 11.71022.330 V5001515 0.516 3.139 6.317 865.200 0.0032 0.0102 11.84022,340 V5001517 0.498 3.044 6.247 853.710 0.0032 0.0102 12.010
Avg.% 0.531 3.115 6.354 864.500 0.00323 0.0103 11.853Std. Dev. 0.042 0.063 0.129 10.458 0.000 0.15095% C.L. 0.0475 0.0708 0.1459 11.8336 0.0001 0.1702
Baseline 40 MPH Steady State Test
GRAMS PER: MILE GRAMS GM/MILE MPGHC CO NOx CO2 PM PM Fuel
Baseline TestMiles No.
22,326 V5001514 0.330 2.640 3.750 686.770 0.0015 0.0043 14.95022,336 V5001516 0.316 2.550 3.657 681.470 0.0012 0.0034 15.07022,346 V5001518 0.323 2.584 3.614 682.640 0.0016 0.0045 15.040
Avg.% 0.323 2.591 3.674 683.627 0.00143 0.00407 15.020Std. Dev. 0.007 0.045 0.070 2.784 0.000 0.06295% C.L. 0.0079 0.0514 0.0787 3.1507 0.0002 0.0707
1370 South Acacia Avenue, Fullerton, California 92831714-774-3385 • Fax 714-774-4036
Email: [email protected] www.ecologiclabs.com
[ > ]Table 2 CONT ...
Chassis Dynamometer Testing of
Toyota Car Carrier Tractors
Powered by Caterpillar C-12 Diesel Engines
Vehicle 10 No. 1FVHBGASX3HL63146
After Mileage Accumulation UDDS·HD Transient Cycle Test
GRAMS PER MILE GRAMS GMIMILE MPGMiles with HC CO NOx CO2 PM PM Fuel
Rentar TestCatalyst No.34,858 V5001548 0.555 2.965 6.286 860.840 0.0037 0.0118 11.90034,868 V5001550 0.431 2.791 6.082 840.870 0.0029 0.0093 12.20034,878 V5001552 0.431 2.822 5.968 844.580 0.0036 0.0115 12.150
Avg.% 0.472 2.859 6.112 848.763 0.00340 0.0108 12.083Std. Dev. 0.072 0.093 0.161 10.622 0.000 0.16195% C.L. 0.0810 0.1050 0.1823 12.0196 0.0005 0.1819
% Improvement 11.0% 8.2% 3.8% 1.8% ·5.2% -5.2% 1.9%
After Mileage Accumulation Baseline 40 MPH Steady State Test
GRAMS PER MILE GRAMS GMIMILE MPGMiles with HC CO NOx CO2 PM PM Fuel
Rentar TestCatalyst No.34,864 V5001549 0.256 2.414 3.392 664.710 0.0014 0.0040 15.42034,874 V5001551 0.261 2.415 3.294 660.110 0.0014 0.0040 15.53034,884 V5001553 0.256 2.402 3.270 658.300 0.0011 0.0031 15.570
Avg.% 0.258 2.410 3.319 661.040 0.00130 0.00369 15.507Std. Dev. 0.003 0.007 0.065 3.305 0.000 0.07895% C.L. 0.0033 0.0082 0.0731 3.7395 0.0002 0.0879
% Improvement 20.2% 7.0% 9.7% 3.3% 9.3% 9.3% 3.2%
Note: The 95% confidence limits (C.L.) define the pius/minus boundaries formean averages in each case with 95% confidence.
1370 South Acacia Avenue, Fullerton, California 92831714-774-3385 • Fax 714-774-4036
Email: [email protected] www.ecologiclabs.com
(Table 3
]
Chassis Dynamometer Testing of
Toyota Car Carrier Traetors
Powered by Caterpillar C-12 Diesel Engines
Vehicle 10No. 1FVXTWEB41HH13142
Baseline UDDS·HD Transient Cycle Test
GRAMS PER MILE GRAMS GM/MILE MPGHC CO NOx CO2 PM PM Fuel
Baseline TestMiles No.
284,828 V5001521 0.600 3.121 7.560 897.450 0.0031 0.0099 11.420284,838 V5001523 0.539 2.912 6.884 848.630 0.0037 0.0118 12.080284,848 V5001525 0.557 2.805 6.803 837.280 0.0037 0.0118 12.240
Avg.% 0.565 2.946 7.082 861.120 0.00350 0.0112 11.913Std. Dev. 0.031 0.161 0.416 31.970 0.000 0.43595% C.L. 0.0355 0.1819 0.4703 36.1772 0.0004 0.4919
Baseline 40 MPH Steady State Test
GRAMS PER MILE GRAMS GMIMILE MPGHC CO flOx CO2 PM PM Fuel
Baseline TestMiles No.
284,834 V5001522 0.345 2.400 3.928 661.090 0.0015 0.0043 15.530284,844 V5001524 0.363 2.368 3.935 653.740 0.0018 0.0051 15.710284,854 V5001526 0.365 2.359 4.042 669.750 0.0018 0.0051 15.330
Avg .% 0.358 2.376 3.968 661.527 0.00170 0.00483 15.523Std. Dev. 0.011 0.022 0.064 8.014 0.000 0.19095% C.L. 0.0125 0.0244 0.0723 9.0684 0.0002 0.2151
1370 South Acacia Avenue, Fullerton, California 92831714-774-3385 • Fax 714-774-4036
Email: [email protected] www.ecologiclabs.com
[ " )Table 3 CONT...
Chassis Dynamometer Testing of
Toyota Car Carrier Tractors
Powered by Caterpillar C-12 Diesel Engines
Vehicle 10No. 1FVXTWEB41HH13142
After Mileage Accumulation UDDS-HD Transient Cycle Test
GRAMS PER MILE GRAMS GM/MILE MPGMiles with HC CO NOx CO2 PM PM Fuel
Rentar TestCatalyst No.
303,583 V5001554 0.399 3.039 6.767 874.990 0.0032 0.0102 11.720303,595 V5001556 0.448 2.794 6.917 845.700 0.0037 0.0118 12.130303,605 V5001558 0.447 2.771 6.443 849.370 0.0038 0.0121 12.080
Avg.% 0.431 2.868 6.709 856.687 0.00357 0.0114 11.977Std. Dev. 0.028 0.149 0.242 15.957 0.000 0.22495% CL 0.0317 0.1681 0.2741 18.0567 0.0004 0.2531
% Improvement 23.7% 2.6% 5.3% 0.5% -1.9% -1.9% 0.5%
After Mileage Accumulation Baseline 40 MPH Steady State Test
GRAMS PER MILE GRAMS GM/MILE MPGMiles with HC CO NOx CO2 PM PM Fuel
Rentar TestCatalyst No.303,591 V5001555 0.291 2.385 3.613 649.510 0.0019 0.0054 15.810303,601 V5001557 0.295 2.360 3.556 651.570 0.0022 0.0062 15.760303,611 V5001559 0.294 2.384 3.491 655.830 0.0014 0.0040 15.660
Avg.% 0.293 2.376 3.553 652.303 0.00183 0.00521 15.743Sid. Dev. 0.002 0.014 0.061 3.223 0.000 0.07695% CL 0.0024 0.0160 0.0691 3.6473 0.0005 0.0864
% Improvement 18.0% 0.0% 10.5% 1.4% ·7.8% ·7.8% 1.4%
Note: The 95% confidence limits (CL) define Ihe plus/minus boundaries formean averages in each case with 95% confidence.
1370 South Acacia Avenue, Fullerton, California 92831714-774-3385 • Fax 714·774-4036
Email: [email protected] www.ecologiclabs.com
