9
Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific October 12, 2012 [Translated Article] http://www.toyokeizai.net/business/interview/detail/AC/07d6584648a36482452bfd2a5f 6a19aa/page/1/ Every year, over 30 million people worldwide develop peripheral arterial disease. The adhesion of lipids causes the arteries to narrow, limiting the flow of blood, and as the disease progresses, gangrene can develop in the feet, leading to amputation of the lower extremities. The main risk factor is diabetes, with hypertension, atheromatous disease (arteriosclerosis) and hypercholesterolemia forming contributing factors. The new stent, used in the treatment of such arterial blockages in the thighs, has been approved for insurance coverage beginning in July. The American medical device manufacturer who developed this new product, Cook Medical, applied for manufacturing and sales approval simultaneously in Japan and America. The application was approved in Japan in January of this year, in advance of the United States. According to the company, this represents a groundbreaking step in the resolution of device lag(the phenomenon that medical device approval in Japan lags behind that in Europe and America). Zilver PTX Drug Eluting Peripheral Vascular StentWe spoke with Cook Medical Vice President Barry Thomas (Director, Asia Pacific Vice President, Cook Incorporated) while he was in Japan about trends in the Asian medical device market and his opinions on the device lag. -- How is Cook Medicals performance in the Asia Pacific region? It is the region in which the company has seen the most rapid growth. The region into

Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia

Pacific – October 12, 2012 [Translated Article]

http://www.toyokeizai.net/business/interview/detail/AC/07d6584648a36482452bfd2a5f

6a19aa/page/1/

Every year, over 30 million people worldwide develop peripheral arterial disease. The

adhesion of lipids causes the arteries to narrow, limiting the flow of blood, and as the

disease progresses, gangrene can develop in the feet, leading to amputation of the lower

extremities. The main risk factor is diabetes, with hypertension, atheromatous disease

(arteriosclerosis) and hypercholesterolemia forming contributing factors.

The new stent, used in the treatment of such arterial blockages in the thighs, has been

approved for insurance coverage beginning in July. The American medical device

manufacturer who developed this new product, Cook Medical, applied for manufacturing

and sales approval simultaneously in Japan and America. The application was approved in

Japan in January of this year, in advance of the United States. According to the company,

this represents a groundbreaking step in the resolution of “device lag” (the phenomenon that

medical device approval in Japan lags behind that in Europe and America).

“Zilver PTX Drug Eluting Peripheral Vascular Stent”

We spoke with Cook Medical Vice President Barry Thomas (Director, Asia Pacific Vice

President, Cook Incorporated) while he was in Japan about trends in the Asian medical

device market and his opinions on the “device lag”.

-- How is Cook Medical’s performance in the Asia Pacific region?

It is the region in which the company has seen the most rapid growth. The region into

Page 2: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

which we first expanded was Australia, in 1979. In 2007, we established our Asia Pacific

regional headquarters in Brisbane, Australia. In 2002 our net sales in the region were 50

million dollars, whereas last year they had expanded to 303 million dollars. This year we

are expecting a further increase to 405 million dollars. At present we sell our products in

135 countries, but 20% of the total is represented by sales in the Asia Pacific region.

-- Does China lead the increase you are seeing in the region?

Actually, no. At present, after the United States, Japan stands out above the rest in second

place. Stent grafts (a product comprising an artificial blood vessel with a stent applied) and

drug eluting stents (DES, stents that are coated with a drug to prevent blood vessels from

re-clogging) are becoming a major driving force. The approval of a stent graft used in the

treatment of thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms is another factor behind our growth in

income.

The fact that we do not make use of general sales agents, and have switched to selling

directly to resellers throughout Japan has also helped increase our earnings.

-- Your stent for the expansion of thigh arteries has been approved in Japan ahead of

the United States, but there are still many indications that the problem of the device

lag in Japan has not yet been resolved.

The manufacturers also probably bear some responsibility for causing the device lag.

What we have learned from gaining approval this time is that it is necessary to research

what exactly Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), the regulatory

authority in question, is looking for and fully understand those requirements in advance.

However, when a review continues over a long period of time, gaps can appear between the

initial specifications under which the product was developed, and the actual product that

goes on the market in Japan. In such a case, it becomes necessary to redo the data and

perform new studies (clinical trials for the purpose of gaining approval under the

Pharmaceutical Affairs Act). This ends up taking a lot of time.

It is also true to say that it now takes time to get approval from regulatory authorities not

only in Japan but throughout the world. This is true for the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration (FDA). The same also applies in China. Regulatory authorities are facing

pressure to ensure that their decisions are correct and they are becoming reluctant to take

risks. As a result, the requirements on manufacturers are becoming stricter.

As a company, we need to begin an open and effective dialogue with authorities while

Page 3: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

submitting an application. At the same time, it is also important for us to understand our

consumers. That also contributes to the resolution of the device lag.

-- Some say that clinical studies in Japan are too long, and research costs are too high.

I have been told that the existence of so many small hospitals tends to inflate the

operating costs. On the other hand, based on the national push towards medical

expense reduction, reimbursements are on a downward trend. It seems likely to me

that foreign medical device manufacturers entering the Japanese market will face

more challenging business conditions in future.

Every business and indeed every country is facing change. The era of low development

costs is over. Our company, too, must work hard as a business. For instance, there have been

cases in which we have asked the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the PMDA to

accept Japanese ex-patriots as valid study subject cases. The fact that such approval was

given for trials of the new stent allowed us to acquire data globally..

There is currently a movement emerging to collect data for medical devices in

post-marketing surveys, rather than getting all the data before approval and sale. After

market release, study subjects can include many patients who requested treatment using the

product in question. Its performance in the true sense is then reflected in the data, which is

of benefit to patients. Once a product has gone to market, manufacturers can also start to

record profits. That income can be assigned to post-marketing surveys.

Increasing medical fees is a problem shared by all countries. Because the “cost to market”

for some products is too high, it is very unfortunate, from the manufacturer’s point of view,

but they end up being shelved before release. Patients also lose out on the chance to benefit

from good products.

■ The size of the Chinese medical device market is estimated at 250 million people

-- Tell me about sales in China. An economic slowdown is emerging; won’t this affect

the medical device market?

Under China’s 5 year plan, the government is promoting development of healthcare, and

in comparison with other industries, the medical industry is in an advantageous position.

While it is true that the pitch of economic growth has lessened, the middle class is growing,

and the need for access to healthcare is growing. Our Chinese business is showing a growth

Page 4: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

of 24 ~ 25%.

The Chinese medical device market targets around 250 million people. Development is

impossible if you follow the views of Wall Street. The position that depressed sales in

Europe should be offset with expansion in China is a mistake. It should be positioned as a

separate case. When considered on a 5, 10 or even 20 year time span, it is certain to grow

into a truly massive market.

-- I hear from Japanese medical device manufacturers struggling in China that the

reseller policy is a challenge.

China is a unique market. Business techniques and ways of dealing with resellers that

have developed in other countries do not translate. This is something that can be said not

only for Japanese manufacturers, but also for those from the United States and Europe.

What is important in China is “Relationships”. Their society moves on the basis of who

knows who, and the relationship they have.

The management of our Chinese base is carried out entirely by Chinese people, and we

have instituted the full-time post of “Government Relationship” to deal with the central

government and regional governments. Other Japanese businesses do not deal with this

issue so thoroughly.

There are many rules and regulations in China, and Japanese businesses tend to think that

“Rules are rules” and think that they cannot avoid those restrictions. In contrast to this, the

Chinese way of thinking is that “The law is law, but...”. In conversation, there is also the

tendency to leave things at “Never mind that now”.

Business takes time. Meeting, eating and greeting are the same (they take time). For the

Chinese, business does not end when a deal is decided. Business in each country has

characteristics unique to the region. Japan is also the same. Business related

communications may be sent by fax, whereas in Australia email would be normal. There’s

no point in thinking, “Why send it by fax?” and getting annoyed.

-- I hear that when selling medical devices in Japan, it is important to take care of key

opinion leaders (KOLs) that can affect the introduction of devices at hospitals. Would

it be fair to say that in China, there are KOLs in the central government and regional

governments?

Page 5: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

Absolutely, yes. KOLs are not restricted to the field of medicine, but also exist in

government medical departments. The other day, the Minister of Health, Labour and

Welfare was among those visiting our booth at a conference held in Beijing. Contacts and

connections are important.

-- What is the outlook for sales in the Asia Pacific region?

Conservatively, within 5 years we should be able to reach sales of 800 million dollars.

The “Asia Pacific Region” currently includes 9 countries, but it will expand to 15 countries.

Sales in the region this year will probably exceed those in the European region for 2007.

Next year’s sales are expected to exceed those for Europe in 2010.

The new market we are focusing on is Indonesia. We have formed a 4-person task force,

and are considering our future plans for expansion. The size of their population is attractive.

They are also blessed with natural resources, and thanks to that their medical field is

looking better and better. The fact that it is close to Australia is also beneficial for us.

We also have great hopes for Vietnam. The pace of their growth is slow in comparison

with Indonesia, but their middle class is growing, and healthcare is a very attractive field.

Barry Thomas joined Cook Medical in 2001 from Johnson & Johnson Medical. At

present, he is also the managing director of Cook in Australia.

(Interviewer: Yasuhiro Matsuzaki = Toyo Keizai Online)

[Original Article]

糖尿病の足切断防ぐ新ステントを国内初投入――米

医療機器大手副社長に聞く(1) - 12/10/17 | 15:41

[+]画像拡大

毎年、世界で3000万人を超える人々が発症するとされる末梢動脈疾患。脂質による沈着物で動脈が

狭まり、血流が制限されることで、重度の段階まで進むと足先に壊疽(えそ)が生じて下肢切断に至るこ

ともあるという。主なリスク要因は糖尿病で、高血圧やアテローム性疾患(動脈硬化)、高コレステロー

ル症などもこのリスク因子となりうる。

Page 6: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

そうした太ももの動脈の詰まりの治療に使われるステントの新製品が、7月から保険適用になった。同

製品の開発を手掛けた米国の医療機器メーカー、クックメディカルは日米両国で同時に製造販売承認を申

請。米国に先駆けて今年1月、日本で承認された。“デバイスラグ”(日本での医療機器承認のタイミング

が欧米に比べて遅いことを意味する)の解消に向けた画期的な一歩と同社では説明している。

「Zilver PTX薬剤溶出型末梢血管用ステント」

今回来日したクックメディカルのバリー・トーマス副社長(アジア・パシフィック地域担当ディレクタ

ー)に、アジアの医療機器市場の動向や“デバイスラグ”に対する見方などを聞いた。

――クックメディカルのアジア・太平洋地域における業績の現状は。

当社にとって最も急速な成長を遂げている地域だ。最初に営業展開を開始したのは豪州で、1979年。

2007年には同国のブリスベンにアジア・太平洋地域の本部を立ち上げた。02年の同地域の売上高は

5000万ドルだったが、昨年は3億0300万ドルへ拡大。今年は4億0500万ドルとさらに伸びる

見通しだ。現在、135カ国で製品を販売しているが、全体の20%を同地域での売り上げが占める。

――同地域での売り上げ増をリードしているのは中国なのか。

いや違う。米国に次いで日本がダントツで2位という状況だ。ステントグラフト(人工血管にステント

を取りつけた製品)と薬剤溶出型ステント(DES、薬剤が表面に塗布され血管が再び詰まるのを防ぐス

テント)が牽引役となっている。胸部や腹部の大動脈瘤治療に使われるステントグラフトが承認を受けた

ことも増収の一因だ。

総販売代理店を通さず、全国の販売代理店への直接販売する体制へ切り替えたことも、売り上げ拡大に

つながっている。

――太ももの動脈を広げるのに使うステントが米国に先駆けて日本で承認を受けたが、日本のデバイスラ

グの問題はなかなか解消されていないとの指摘は依然として多い。

メーカー側にもデバイスラグを引き起こしている面があるのではないか。今回、承認を取るうえで学ん

Page 7: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

だことは、日本の審査当局である医薬品医療機器総合機構(PMD:)が何を求めているのかを十分に研

究し、事前に把握しておくのが必要ということだ。ただ、審査が長期間に及んだ場合、製品を開発した当

時のスペックと、日本で発売しようとするものの間に違いが出たりしてしまう。そうなると、もう1回、

データを取り直して治験(薬事法上の承認を得るための臨床試験)をせざるをえない。このため、どうし

ても時間がかかる。

もっとも、現在は日本に限らず、世界各国の審査当局が承認までに時間をかけるようになった。米国食

品医薬品局(FD:)もしかり。中国でも同様だ。規制当局は自らの判断が正しくなければならないとい

うプレッシャーに直面し、リスクを取れなくなっているのだ。それゆえ、メーカーに対する要求も厳しい。

当社としては申請時に当局とオープンかつ効率的なコミュニケーションを行う必要がある。同時に、消

費者にも理解してもらうことが大事だ。それが結局はデバイスラグ解消にもつながる。

――日本では治験期間が長く、研究開発費が高くついてしまうとの声も聞く。小さい病院が多数存在する

ため、営業費用も膨らみがちなどといわれる。一方で、国の医療費抑制の流れを受けて保険償還価格は右

肩下がりで推移。参入している外資系医療機器メーカーにとっては今後、ビジネスが一段と難しくなるの

ではないか。

どんなビジネスであれ、あるいはどこの国にせよ物事は変化していく。開発コストが安く済む時代は終

わった。当社としては企業努力をするしかない。たとえば、臨床試験に際して日本では厚労省やPMD:

に対して、海外在住の日本人の被験者を症例として認めてもらえないかといったことをお願いするケース

もある。今回のステントの治験ではそれを許可してもらった結果、グローバルな形でデータを取ることが

できた。

今は医療機器でも承認や発売の前にすべてのデータを取るのではなく、市販後調査でデータを収集する

ということができないかという動きが出てきている。市販後であれば、被験者には当該製品を使った治療

を受けたいという患者が多く含まれている。真の意味でのパフォーマンスがデータに反映されるわけで、

患者には有益だ。メーカー側も、市販されていればすでに売り上げが計上されているはず。その収入を市

販後調査に充てることも可能になる。

医療費高騰は世界各国共通の課題だ。「コスト・トゥー・マーケット」が高すぎることで、市場に出せな

いまま終わってしまう製品があるという状況は、メーカーにとっても残念なこと。患者もいい製品にめぐ

り会う機会を逸することにもなってしまう。

■中国の医療機器市場は2億5000万人規模

――中国での販売について聞きたい。景気減速観測が台頭しているが、医療機器市場への影響はないのか。

中国の5カ年計画では、政府がヘルスケア振興を標榜しており、他の産業に比べると、医療産業は有利

Page 8: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

な立場だ。確かに、経済成長のピッチは鈍っているが、中間層が厚みを増しており、医療へのアクセスの

ニーズも高まってきた。当社の中国事業は24~25%の伸びを示している。

中国の医療機器市場は2億5000万人程度を対象にしたマーケット。米国のウォールストリート流の

見方では開拓がままならない。欧州での販売の落ち込みを中国での拡大で相殺しようといった視点は誤り

だ。特別な存在と位置づけるべき。5年から10年、あるいは20年というタイムスパンで見れば、とて

も大きな市場に飛躍するのは間違いないだろう。

――中国で苦戦している日本の医療機器メーカーからは、代理店政策が難しいとのぼやきが聞かれる。

中国はユニークな市場。他国でこれまでに培ってきた代理店の扱い方や営業のテクニックは通用しない。

日本だけでなく、米国や豪州のメーカーにもいえることだ。中国で大事なのは「リレーションシップ」。誰

と誰が知り合いで、どういう関係かといったことに基づいて社会が動く。

当社の中国拠点のマネジメントを取り仕切るのはすべて中国人であり、「ガバメント・リレーションシッ

プ」という中央政府や地方政府専従の役職を設けている。この辺りが日本の企業では徹底されていない。

中国には多くの規制やルールが存在するが、日系企業の場合、「規則は規則」であり、その範疇を逸脱で

きないとあきらめてしまう。これに対し、「法律は法律、しかし……」と考えるのが中国流。会話をしてい

るうちに、「それはそれでいいや」となってしまう面もある。

ビジネスにも時間がかかる。ミーティング(会議)もイーティング(食事)、そして、グリーティング(あ

いさつ)にも。中国人にとってのビジネスは、ディールを決めれば終わりではない。それぞれの国のビジ

ネスには、地域独自のものがある。日本だってそう。ビジネスに関する連絡にF:Xを利用することもあ

るが、豪州ではメールが一般的。だからといって、「なぜF:Xなのか」などといらいらしても仕方がない。

――日本では医療機器を販売する際、病院で機器購入に影響力を有するキー・オピニオン・リーダー(K

OL)のケアが大事などといわれる。中国では中央・地方政府にKOLがいるということか。

その通りだ。KOLは医学界だけでなく、政府の医療分野にもいる。先日、北京で開かれた会議の展示

ブースにも厚生労働大臣などがやって来た。つながりやコネなどが大切になる。

――アジア・太平洋地域での売り上げの見通しは。

5年以内には保守的にみても8億ドルの売り上げは達成できるだろう。「アジア・太平洋地域」に含まれ

るのは現在、9カ国だが、15カ国に広がってくる。同地域全体の今年の売り上げは07年度の欧州地域

のそれを上回るだろう。来年には10年時点での欧州の売り上げを上回る見込みだ。

新たな市場として注目しているのはインドネシア。4人で構成されたタスクフォースを作り、今後の展

Page 9: Toyokezai interview with Barry Thomas, Vice President Cook Medical Asia Pacific

開を検討しているところだ。人口の多さは魅力。天然資源にも恵まれており、それを受けて医療分野も洗

練されてきている。同国が豪州に近いのも当社には有利だ。

ベトナムへの期待も大きい。インドネシアに比べると成長のスピードはゆっくりだが、中間層も拡大し

ており、ヘルスケアは大変魅力的な分野だ。

Barry Thomas

ジョンソン・エンド・ジョンソンメディカル社を経て、2001年にクックメディカル入社。現在、豪州

にあるクック社のマネージング・ディレクターも務める。

(聞き手:松崎泰弘 =東洋経済オンライン)