TOWN PLANNING OF JAIPUR CITY

BY IBANRI NONGRUM FOURTH YR B.ARCH DR B.N.COLL OF ARCH.

JAIPUR – THE PINK CITY. JAIPUR IS CONSIDERED BY MANY URBANISMS TO BE ONE OF THE BEST PLANNED CITIES IN INDIA. THE CITY WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1729 BY MAHARAJA JAISINGH AS THE NEW CAPITAL OF KACHWAHA DYNASTY. IN THE 19TH CENTURY THE CITY GREW RAPIDLY AND BECAME PROSPEROUS;BY 1900 IT HAD A POPULATION OF 160,000.THE CITY’S WIDE BOULEVARDS WERE PAVED AND LIT WITH GAS. JAIPUR WAS PAINTED PINK BY MAHARAJA MAN SINGH WHEN PRINCE OF WALES, LATER EDWARD VII, VISITED JAIPUR IN 1876. THE ROYAL HERITAGE OF JAIPUR LIVES IN ITS ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURE.

ACCESSIBILITY TO JAIPUR CITY

JAI SINGH AND THE BENGALI GURU VIDYADHAR(WHO WAS A ‘SHASPATI’ – HINDU PRIEST ARCHITECT), PLANNED THE WHOLE TOWN ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF HINDU ARCHITECTURAL THEORY. THE TOWN OF JAIPUR IS, IN FACT, BUILT IN THE FORM OF A EIGHT-PART MANDALA KNOWN AS THE ‘PITHAPADA’.NINE SIGNIFIES THE 9 PLANETS OF THE ANCIENT ASTROLOGICAL ZODIAC. IT IS ALSO KNOWN THAT SAWAI JAI SINGH WAS A GREAT ASTRONOMER AND A TOWN PLANNER, AND HENCE THE ‘PITHAPADA’.ALSO, THE COMMERCIAL SHOPS ARE DESIGNED IN MULTIPLES OF NINE(27), HAVING ONE CROSS STREET FOR A PLANET. PLAN OF JAIPUR

RAJA JAISINGH PLANNED THE CITY KEEPING IN MIND VASTU SHASTRA. CITY WAS DIVIDED INTO 9 SQUARES. OCCURRENCE OF A HILLSIDE CHANGED.THE PLACEMENT OF ONE OF THE SQUARES.THE CENTRAL SQUARE COMPRISE OF THE PALACE.

CITY PLAN OF JAIPUR

PHYSICAL PLANNING AND DESIGN.

RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING CONCEPT WAS MOHALLA WHICH ACT AS MODULE FOR URBAN GROWH. SAFE, SECURE, LIVING ENVIRONMENT IS CREATED WHERE INDIVIDUALS HAVE THEIR OWN HORIZON TO FLOURISH AND GROW.

SUN PATH , WIND DIRECTION GIVEN UTMOST IMPORTANCE.

SUN PATH

 FOLLOWING MAJOR FACTORS ARE ALSO CONSIDERED.

1. CONTOUR AND TOPOGRAPHY 2.  STORM WATER DRAINAGE 3.  CLIMATE 4.  HYDOLOGY AND SOIL 5. CONTEXT

LARGER BUILDINGS ON THE PERIPHERY AND SMALLER ONES IN THE INTERIORS.

REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES.

ONLY MAIN ROADS, MAJOR PUBLIC SPACES ARE CONTROLLED. INTERIOR OF SECTOR OFFERS ENOUGH FLEXIBILITY TO INDIVIDUAL WITH FREEDOM TO EXPRESS WITH MODERATE CONTROL.

STRUCTURES ALWAYS BUILT IN PROPORTION TO THE ROADS WIDTHS.

JAIPUR CITY

  ROADS

FIRST ORDER STREET DEFINES THE SECTOR SIZE; SECOND ORDER STREET DEFINES THE NEIGHBORHOOD OR BLOCK. GRIDIRON SYSTEM IS USED FOR ROAD NETWORK FOR PROCESSION PATHS, WHICH IS RELEVANT TODAY FOR VEHICULAR TRAFFIC.

FURTHER IN PRESENT SYSTEM OF HIERARCHY OF ROADS PROBLEMS RELATED TO TRAFFIC ARE MINIMUM.INTERNAL ROAD NETWORK HAVE HIERARCHY IN TERMS OF ACCESS AND PRIVACY, HENCE AT THE SAME TIME SAFE NEIGHBORHOOD IS CREATED. ALL THE STREETS HAVE CERTAIN CHARACTER THAT CREATES EVERY STREET IDENTIFIABLE.

ACHIEVEMENTS IN JAIPUR CITY

 AMENITIES

AMENITIES ARE PROVIDED WITH RESPECT TO KING AND UPPER CLASS INSTEAD OF COMMON MAN. AMENITIES ARE PROVIDED ON MAIN ROAD, WITHIN 5 MINUTE WALKING DISTANCE. PLACEMENT OF AMENITIES WAS DONE WITH RESPECT TO FUNCTION, USE AND TRAFFIC.

FURTHER JUXTAPOSITION HAS CREATED DISTINCT NODES AND ACTIVITY LANDMARKS, WHICH ULTIMATELY HAS CREATED DEFINED PATH.THUS SOCIALLY INTERACTIVE SPACES ARE CREATED BY DESIGN, BUILT FORM DEFINITION, OPEN SPACE PATTERN AND ROAD PATTERN. 

INTERACTION SPACE

JAIPUR CITY

ACHIEVEMENTS IN JAIPUR CITY  BUILT FORM AND PLOT JAIPUR IS AN EXAMPLE OF DICTATORIAL

PLANNING AND DESIGN.PLOTS ARE ALWAYS KEPT IN PROPORTION WITH RESPECT TO HIERARCHY OF ROADS.IT HAS ACHIEVED A REGULAR SIZE AND SHAPE OF PLOT FOLLOWED BY UNIFORM BUILT FORM, HENCE PLOT SIZE AND SHAPE, LOCATION GIVES COHERENCE.

SUBDIVISION OF SUBPLOTS WITH CONTROL ON SIZE AND SHAPE IS REQUIRED.THE STRUCTURE OF CITY IS DENSE YET POROUS IN NATURE.COMPACT BUILT FORM WITH PLOT EDGE-TO-EDGE CONSTRUCTION WITH COURTYARD IS LOGICAL IN HOT CLIMATE.

 

JAIPUR CITY

PATTERN, PLACEMENT AND JUXTAPOSITION OF ROADS, AMENITIES AND OR OPEN SPACE

“PATTERN” IS FORMED WHEN ALL THE SECTORS COME TOGETHER. FURTHER THERE IS COHERENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENT SECTORS HAVING ENOUGH VARIETY.

THERE ARE BINDING ELEMENTS LIKE ROAD PATTERN, ROAD HIERARCHY, BUILT FORM AND OPEN SPACE SYSTEM. THESE STRONG ELEMENTS CREATE A WHOLE. OPEN SPACES ARE DISTRIBUTED, LOCATED, ALLOCATED AS PER,

HIERARCHY USER GROUP SERVING AREA SENSE OF ENCLOSURE