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Towards Zero EmissionSustainable Mobility Project
CNG–HCNG H2 in transportEHA session at Sustainable Energy Week
Brussels, 01/02/2007
• 7th RTD Framework Programme (2007-2013)Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE)
• European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (HFP)Joint Technology Initiative (JTI)
Economic incentivesmultiEnergymultiEnergy
EUDG "Energy and Transport" (DG-TREN)
ItalyFinanziaria 2007Innovative Industrial Projects - € 300 mio. Kyoto Protocol - € 600 mio. :1. micro-cogeneration2. renewables for generation of electricity3. pilot projects low or zero emission energy & technology
Sustainable mobility fund - € 270 mio.
multiEnergy service station projects:
Collesalvetti / Italy
Frankfurt / Germany
Mantova / Italy
new Eni format: multiEnergy station AgipmultiEnergymultiEnergy
multiEnergy service station Agip technology platform
• multifuel offer:
conventional liquid fuel: gasoline, diesel
conventional gaseous fuel: LPG, CNG
ecofuel: HCNG*, H2, biodiesel*, electric recharge
on site H2 production via electrolyzer or catalytic reformer
• power generation:
from renewables: photovoltaics, mini-wind energy, solarthermal
cogeneration: via microturbine powered by CNG/LPG or stationary fuel cell
multiEnergy station AgipmultiEnergymultiEnergy
*experimental
replicable:4 new stations/year from 2007 - 2013
modular:a station contains some or all of the innovative items
eco-efficient: electrical and termal requirements of the station aregenerated on site, energy in excess is used for electrolyticH2 production or delivered to the grid
multiEnergy service station Agip platformmultiEnergymultiEnergy
Italy at present has a competitive advantage:
• 600 CNG service stations• 450.000 units CNG vehicle fleet
ecofuel - opportunities in ItalymultiEnergymultiEnergy
HCNG bridges the gap to future pure hydrogen technology (2020)
A public/private partnership project is working at regional level in Italy to develop HCNG technology and deploy a series of HCNG service stations. The cars are Fiat Panda Bifuel (H2 and HCNG), used during start up phase in public service.
HCNG project for ItalymultiEnergymultiEnergy
H2 and fuel cell technologies present technologicaland economical hurdles:• HCNG is ready now• HCNG reduce local pollution in urban centers• HCNG is cleaner than CNG and well suited for internal
combustion engines• HCNG paves the way for transition to H2 technologies
Eni’s H2 roadmapmultiEnergymultiEnergy
Eni Div. R&M started moving to H2 in 2006 with theCollesalvetti service station (ready for HCNG now)
Eni’s H2 roadmapmultiEnergymultiEnergy
*experimental
H2
Transportation
Power Station/Cogeneration
HCNG (experimental)
FC and Internal Combustion Vehicle (operative)
FC Station (experimental)
Eolico, PVWind energy
SolareSolar
BiomasseBiomass
Carbon
Nuclear
Soda
Methane
Foss
ilRe
newa
ble
GassificazioneGassification
ReformingH2 pipeline
ReformingReforming
ElettrolisiElectrolyzer
GassificazioneGassification
Processi termochimici
Thermochemicalprocesses
Processi termochimici
IDROGENOH2 TrasportoTransport
Mantova
Collesalvetti
Frankfurt
Eni H2 technologies for transportmultiEnergymultiEnergy
Thermochemicalprocesses
National permits, authorizations and standards:• Maximum fueling pressure is limited to 220 bar and cannot be
exceeded even in experimental stations. This limits the use of H2 in transportation due to autonomy issues.
• Under security aspects the treatment of H2 in Italy is similar to methane, not allowing for exceptions
• Complex procedures to comply with weight & measures and fiscal standards
• Large minimum distances for gaseous fuels (due to Fire Department standards) require large and expensive sites, which are not easily available in suitable, especially urban, position
• Self service of gaseous fuels is not allowed, adding costs and reducing fuel availability to station opening hours
multiEnergy service station – open issuesmultiEnergymultiEnergy
National permits, authorizations and standards:• HyApproval may give the necessary support• Hydrogen car homologation standards required
multiEnergy service station – solutionsmultiEnergymultiEnergy
Management:• Simplify and standardize the technology • Reduce maintenance by engineering (air lubrication vs. oil)
Speed drives down cost
multiEnergy service station – examplemultiEnergymultiEnergy
Gaseous fuels:
H2, HCNG, CNG, LPG
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Gasoline
Diesel
Cogeneration
Electrical recharge
• Station open for the public since July 2006• Project in cooperation between ENI Div. R&M – Toscana Region• H2 generation via electrolyzer on site from renewables• Energy from renewables:
- Photovoltaic (20 kWp)- Wind ( 60kWp)
• Energy from CNG via cogeneration: - 30 kWe Peak
• Ready for HCNG
CollesalvettimultiEnergymultiEnergy
multiEnergymultiEnergy
multiEnergymultiEnergy
Collesalvetti: H2 system
Electrolyzer10 Ncm/h – 4 bar
Compressor200 bar
Fuel dispenser
Storage:30 cylinder
50 litres each
Fuel Cell vehicle/Internal combustion engine
Power consumption for 1 Ncm 6,3 kWhConsumption of demineralizedwater 7,8 lt/h
multiEnergymultiEnergy
H2 equipment: Technical details
Annual service station energy surplus kWh 81.000
Annual Hydrogen Production (81 mWh : 6,3 kWh/Nmc) Nmc 13.000
Annual uptime hydrogen plant (13 kNmc : 10 Nmc/h) h 1.300
Total vehicle kilometers on H2 (2.9Nmc x 10km ) Km 40.000
multiEnergymultiEnergy
Vehicle park Fiat Multipla e Doblò
7536Horsepower (kw)
160120Max speed (km/h)
350-400110-120Range (km)
38 l30 NcmTank capacity
GasolineH2Fiat Multipla @ Hydrogen*
multiEnergymultiEnergy
*Fiat Multipla CNG modified by a local research company with test plates.
Collesalvetti: photovoltaic equipmentmultiEnergymultiEnergy
24.000Estimated annual production (kw/h)
19,8Peak power (kw)
168Module Dimension (m2)
164Module Number
Collesalvetti: mini-wind energymultiEnergymultiEnergy
4,1Average local wind speed (m/sec)
3,5 –37,5
Wind speed range (m/sec)
8Rotor diameter
84.000Estimated annual production (kw/h)
60,0Peak power (kw)
3Number of generators
18Generator height above ground
GASAIR
Water
Heat exchanger
TurbineCompressor
GeneratorCombustion Chamber
BoilerElectricEnergy
Thermicenergy
Exhaust gas
Collesalvetti: micro-cogeneration plant
Electric energy produced 188.000 kWh/a
Savings in electrical energy by using thermalenergy for heating and air condition: 85.000 kWh/a
multiEnergymultiEnergy
INVERTERDC/AC
INVERTERDC/AC
AC/DC/ACAC/DC/AC
Heat
Gasoline LPG CNG H2
Collesalvetti: energy balance
BidirectionalCounter
CNG
Production 296.000 kWh/a + 84.000 kWh/a +24.000 kWh/a
+188.000 kWh/a
Enel power line to Public grid
- 81.000 kWh/aStation consumption215.000 kWh/anno
20 kW/p60 kWp30 kWe
10 Nm3h
* +85.000 kWh/a used for heatingand air condition
O2
- +
MODULO IDROGENOELETTROLIZZATORE
H2(200 bar)
multiEnergymultiEnergy
Collesalvetti: environmental impact
13539Total
10Hydrogen
4715Cogeneration
7824Renewables
CO2 emission reduction(t)
Energy Savings(tep)
Goal: Develop & demonstrate road transport systems for European citiesbased on H2 as an alternative motor fuel.
H2 Production / Sources• Frankfurt:Byproduct of the Hoechst chemical plant• Mantova: Onsite reform of methane
Refuelling dispenser • Frankfurt: liquid and gaseous hydrogen (350 and 700 bar)• Mantova: gaseous hydrogen (220 bar)
Fuel cell car fleet• A-Class (Daimler-Chrysler)• Panda (Fiat)
Zero Regio Project H2-Motor-Fuel multiEnergymultiEnergy
• Station open for the public since 17/11/2006• H2 Multifuel offer:
- gaseous at 350 bar and 700 bar- liquid
• Part of Zero Regio, EU RP6, Project-Coordinator: InfraservHöchst
• Renewables: Photovoltaic (8 kWp)• H2 supplied from nearby Höchst Chemical Plant via High
Pressure Pipeline (1000 bar)
Agip service station Frankfurt / GermanymultiEnergymultiEnergy
opening Agip Frankfurt Novembre 2006
1100 bar Linde 1100 bar Linde ionicionic compressorcompressormultiEnergymultiEnergy
• Station will open in the first half of 2007• H2, produced by Eni, will be compressed and supplied via SAPIO
storage systems to three Fiat Panda Fuel Cell Vehicles, which will be used by the traffic police of Mantova
• Renewables: photovoltaic (20 kWp)• Coordinator for Italy: Region Lombardia
Agip service station Mantova / ItalymultiEnergymultiEnergy
Mantova: station layoutmultiEnergymultiEnergy
Multifuel:• Liquid fuel • CNG• H2
Mantova: H2 generationmultiEnergymultiEnergy
Mantova: H2 vehiclemultiEnergymultiEnergy
Range: 200 kmPeople: 4HP: 60 kwSpeed: >130 km/hFuelling: < 5 min.Weight: 1100 kgH2: 2 kg/350 bar
multiEnergy Agip innovative conceptsmultiEnergymultiEnergy
The service station as showroom for technological innovation in the automotive sectorMultipurpose platform for new H2 technologies (reformer, electrolyzer, etc.) or electrical energy generation from renewables(photovoltaic, mini-wind energy)Adds value to existing natural gas infrastructure through distributed electrical energy generation (micro-turbine and/or stationary fuel cell)Modeling of a new energy mix offer optimized for better service to the customerDevelopment and promotion of services and products for emission reduction e distributed energy generationcommunication focal point for local companies specialized in the fieldAdBlue service point for heavy traffic emission reduction (PM)
Thank You!
multiEnergymultiEnergy
Eni Div. R&M Multienergy ProjectS. [email protected]+39-335-7390813