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Towards Total Sanitation in
IndonesiaPresentation to 2nd South Asia Conference on
Sanitation, Islamabad, September 2006
MINISTRY OF HEALTHREPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
Republic of Indonesia
Population: 215m with 57% in villagesGeography: 17,000 islands over 5000kms Socio-Economy: GDP per capita US$3,700;
<30 million (17.8%) below poverty line Religion: Muslim(88%), Christian (8%),
Hindu, Buddhist, others (4%)Culture: More than 300 ethnic groups; 580
languages and dialects; national language Bahasa Indonesia
To halve proportion of rural people without access to
sanitation needs MORE THAN 200 YEARS at current rate
MDG challenge
Access to rural sanitation 38% (69% access rural water)After 20 years 74m people not covered, especially poor (2004 JMP) MDG target: 69% by 2015 (annually 3.7m people over 10 years)
Why such slow progress?
1. Poor not reached by projects Failure of hardware subsidies/credit approaches
(eg WSLIC-2 revolving funds had <10% coverage change)
Community power structures mean same h/hs get aid
2.No scale up strategy in place target few households, not total community
3. Poor sustainability of infrastructure No ownership by users (abandoned/unused
toilets) Revolving credit loans not repaid or revolved Imposed ideas (teaching, coercion, in-kind
donations)
Village Luk, Sumbawa: who benefits?
Abandoned toilet from 1996 ESWS Project
Toilet part-funded by WSLIC-2 Project revolving credit in 2004
Story of CLTS in Indonesia (1)
Mid 2004: Review of WSLIC 2 recommends overhaul of rural sanitation approaches
Sep 2004: Feasibility assessment for CLTS in Indonesia Nov 2004: Exposure visits to Bangladesh and India Feb 2005: GOI decides to trial CLTS in 2 RWSS projectsMay 2005: Vietnam study tour to IDE’s Sanitation
Market DevelopmentMay 2005: CLTS field trials launched in 12 villages (8
districts). 1st batch of villages at each site achieves ODF and 100% access in 2 weeks-3 months (6400 h/hs)
Sept 2006:CLTS spread spontaneously across provinces to almost 100 communities, resulting in 72 open-defecation-free (ODF) communities and 3 whole ODF sub-districts.
ODF Progress since CLTS introduced in 12 Dusuns* in 6 districts in Indonesia (May-July 2005)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
May-
05
J un-05 J ul-05 Aug-05 Sep-05 Oct-05 Nov-05 Dec-05 J an-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Apr-06 May-
06
J un-06 J ul-06 Aug-06
Date
* Dusun = hamlet 100-300 h/hs. Desa/village comprises several dusuns (administrative unit)
Story of CLTS in Indonesia (2)
Aug 2006: Minister for Health declares CLTS as national approach for rural sanitation programs in Dept of Health (lead agency)
Sept 2006: WSLIC 2 (WB) replacing revolving credit with CLTS approach (WB)
2006: CWSH (ADB) project adopted CLTS as entry point in 20 districts
Jan 2007: PAMSIMAS (WB) has $10m for CLTS & 10m for sanitation marketing for 109 districts in 15 provinces
2007: Pro-Air (GTZ) adopting CLTS in 4 districts in one of poorest provincesBreaking news….GATES Foundation given $2m for scaling up CTLS in Indonesia during 2006-2008
CLTS RESULTS
What have we learnt?
New approaches are required to achieve significant improvements in rural sanitation as required to meet the MDGs.
Faster and more effective response and more community initiative for CLTS in areas untouched by projects with hardware/cash/credit subsidies
Results change mindsets – local government skeptical at first and now very motivated to adopt CLTS after seeing results.
National operational strategy is needed for scaling up and donor harmonisation for no-subsidy approach
Moving forward….
Challenges
How to generate demand and build local supply capacity for sanitation sustainably for poor and non-poor
How to ensure consistency of approaches (harmonisation) in scaling up rural sanitation at district and provincial level
How to build local commitment and capacity in scaling up CLTS during 2007-2011 in 15 provinces
Responses Dept. Health establishing multi-
sectoral Technical Team for widespread scaling up for CLTS
Min. Planning funding a Workshop in November to develop National Rural Sanitation Operational Strategy and build national multi-stakeholder/ partner consensus
PAMSIMAS program will conduct advocacy and capacity building with local governments & politicians in 15 provinces
PAMSIMAS also providing complementary support for sanitation supply chain capacity development and marketing (PAMSIMAS)
Thank you.
THANK YOU