Towards the Sustainable Use Plasticisers · 2013. 8. 27. · MT in Europe ‐Phh lhthalates represent more than 80% of this volume 1 low phthalate (DEHP) and 3 high phthalates (DINP,

Towards the Sustainable Use of PlasticisersTowards the Sustainable Use of Plasticisers www.plasticisers.orgwww.plasticisers.orgwww.plasticisers.orgwww.plasticisers.org

Developments and Trends in Plasticisers –A E P tiA European PerspectiveTowards the Sustainable Use of Plasticisers

Norbert J. ScholzNorbert J. ScholzECPI (European Council for Plasticisers and Intermediates), Chairman

The Ministry of Environmental Protection /China Petroleum and Industry Federation/ China Chlor Alkali Industry Association / China Chemical Industry Environmental Protection Association

August 21 ‐ 23, 2013, Ordos, Peoples Republic of China,

August 2013 ‐ p1© copyright ECPI

Towards the Sustainable Use of PlasticisersTowards the Sustainable Use of Plasticisers www.plasticisers.orgwww.plasticisers.org

Presentation outline

ECPI – European Council for Plasticisers & Intermediates− Member companies, mission statement and activitiesMember companies, mission statement and activities

The Plasticiser Market− Facts & Figures / ApplicationsFacts & Figures / Applications

REACH – The European Approach to Chemicals Regulation

REACH and The Plasticiser MarketREACH and The Plasticiser Market− Consequences for Plasticiser’s Industry

T d th t i bl f Pl ti iTowards the sustainable use of Plasticisers

Resume



ECPIECPI European Council p

for PlasticisersPlasticisers

and Intermediates



ECPI

European Council for Plasticisers and Intermediates

One of more than 100 Sector Groups of CEFIC ‐ the European Chemical Industry Council

Pan‐European trade association representing the interests of eight chemical companies

Chemical Industry Council

The current members are the major producers of plasticisers andchemical companies producers of plasticisers and intermediates in Europe:

LMW groupA k

LMW groupA k

HMW groupBASF

HMW groupBASFArkema

OxochimieDeza

ArkemaOxochimie

Deza

BASFEvonik OxenoExxonMobil

BASFEvonik OxenoExxonMobil

ZAKZAK PerstorpPerstorp



ECPI Mission Statement

Support the safe, sustainable and environmentally responsible use of plasticisers.

Provide information to users, legislators and other interested parties on safety, health and environmental issues related to plasticisers.

Work with industry partners, associations and other stakeholders to support the safety and sustainability of plasticisers and flexible PVC.

Carry out research relevant to safety and sustainability.



ECPI Secretariat A E V Ni hECPI Secretariat Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Box 1B‐1160 Brussels

Belgium

Stéphane Content – Manager+32 2 676 73 [email protected]@

Annamaija Bergius – Communications+32 2 676 73 [email protected]

Christine L. Crab – Assistant+32 2 676 72 60 [email protected]

Supported by a scientific working group, common interest groups, and external consultants.



The Plasticiser MarketThe Plasticiser Market

Facts & FiguresA li tiApplications



How are most plasticisers produced?

Crude oil

+ +=Feed and processing routes are carefully selected to achieve the various plasticiser properties required by the PVC formulator :

+ +

Alcohol Acid Plasticiser Useiso nonyl alcohol Orthophthalic anhydride di iso nonyl phthalate (DINP) General purpose

2-ethyl-hexyl alcohol Orthophthalic anhydride Di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP)

General purpose + medical

2-ethyl-hexyl alcohol Terephthalic anhydride Di-ethyl-hexyl terephthalte General purpose2 ethyl hexyl alcohol Terephthalic anhydride Di ethyl hexyl terephthalte (DEHTP/ DOTP)

General purpose

iso nonyl alcohol Adipic acid di iso nonyl adipate (DINA) Improve cold flexibility



Plasticisers are driven by alcohol availability

Crude oil

+ +=+ +Over the past 60 years more than 30,000 compounds have been suggested as PVC plasticisers but less than 100 have commercial relevance. Very few of these are general purpose,primary plasticisers, readily available andthese are general purpose,primary plasticisers, readily available and affordable .

Today , nearly 6 MT plasticisers are used in the world every year, including 1 h h l h f h lMT in Europe ‐ Phthalates represent more than 80% of this volume

1 low phthalate (DEHP) and 3 high phthalates (DINP, DIDP and DPHP) currently account for 75% of the PVC plasticisers used in the worldaccount for 75% of the PVC plasticisers used in the world.

Over the last 10 years, several plasticisers have been voluntarily phased out, to be replaced by better, safer alternatives.


p y


➔96% of plasticisers are consumed in durable flexible PVC applications

Global flexible PVC market

Global PVC market Global plasticiser market Global plasticiser use

35%65% +‐ 34 MTon +‐ 6 MTon35%

FlexibleFlexible

Rigid

Source: ECPI



Major Uses of Plasticised PVC in Europe



Globally 96% of plasticisers are consumed in durableGlobally 96% of plasticisers are consumed in durable flexible PVC applications

Largest end use:Largest end‐use: Wire &Cable

Largest share: Durable Goods

Lightweight & aesthetic, flexible PVC provides safety, flexibility and creativity.


g g , p y, y y


Most flexible PVC products are expected to have a long service life

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Typical life span of flexible PVC products

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Auto interiorsWall coverings

Building wire, appliance wire10 50 years

Flooring10 20 yearsWall coverings

10+ years10-50 years10-20 years

Roofing, Pool liners,... 15-25 years

Banners, Napkins,Inflatables, Adhesive films

Geomembranes20+ years

Synthetic Leather Coated textiles1+ 10 years

1+ - 5 years

1+ - 10 years

This is what is meant by DURABLE applications requiring flexibility over the life cycle of all finished articles.



Plasticisers can be divided in three Categories

G l h HMW hth l t

Plasticisers can be divided in three Categories

General purpose, such as HMW phthalates: – Suited to a very wide range of applications and processes

O ti l b l b t t tilit d f– Optimal balance between cost, versatility and performance.

– High compatibility with PVC resin

Specialty plasticisers: Performance enhancers– Impart one or more special properties such as low temperature flexibility

– Not always suited to all PVC processing techniques and applications

– Less versatile

– Limited availability and higher costs

Secondary plasticisers:Secondary plasticisers:– Used with primary plasticisers to reduce cost or improve processing

– Less compatible with PVC, leading to exudation if used in excess


p , g


Choosing the Right Plasticiser for the Right Performance

Compatibility with PVC and other additives

Sustainability

Performance Recyclability

Durability and good ageing Long term availability

Regulatory aspects (including health)

Global availability

Versatility



There are some commercial alternatives to phthalates …There are some commercial alternatives to phthalates …

Terephthalates Cyclohexanoate diesters Citrates (ATBC)Terephthalates(DOTP)

Cyclohexanoate diesters(DINCH® )

Citrates (ATBC)

Modified vegetable oils PolymericsDi and mono benzoatesg(ESBO, glycerol esters)

y(polyesters)(DPGDB, MB10)

Trimetallites Aromatic sulfonates Dibasic acid estersTrimetallites(TOTM)

Aromatic sulfonates(phenol esters)

Dibasic acid esters(DINA, DOA, DOZ, DOS)



REACHREACHThe European Approach toThe European Approach to Chemicals ManagmentChemicals Managment



REACH – Regulation (EC) 1907 / 2006 The European Approach to Chemicals Management

RegistrationEvaluation

Authorisation of Chemicals

EU Council Regulation 1907 /2006

Combines previous chemical legislation onE isting Chemicals (67/548/EEC 79/831/EEC 81/437/EEC)− Existing Chemicals (67/548/EEC – 79/831/EEC – 81/437/EEC) − EINECS

− New Chemicals (67/548/EEC and amendments)− ELINCS



REACH The European Approach to Chemicals Management

REACH introduced a new concept for chemicals management− No data no market

− Describe any potential risks from chemicals

D l t l f i k− Develop control measures for risks

− Communicate along the supply chain

Specifically limit the use of− Specifically limit the use of

− ‘Substances of Very High Concern’

Responsibility is with data submitter (Industry)



REACH Timeline

Transition periods for existing substances (phase in substances) as listed in the EINECS

31 May 2013 31 May 201830 Nov 2010

Registration100 ‐ 1000 to/a

Registration> 1 ‐ 100 to/a

Registration> 1000 to/aCMR > 1 to/a

T i t i tToxic to environment> 100 to/a

No transition periods for New substances (as listed in ELINCS) ‐ automatic transfer into REACH system by ECHANew substances (as listed in ELINCS) automatic transfer into REACH system by ECHASubstances not yet manufactured or placed on the market within the EU



REACHREACH Substances of Very High Concern

The Process Substances of Very High Concern

Numbers 145 + 11

P i iti ti

54 84 14

List of

Intention

ProposalTo

SVHC

Candidate

list

AuthorizationList

Annex XIV

Prioritisation

Annex XV

withdrawal possible

(2)

withdrawal possible

(2)(2) (2)



REACHREACH Criteria for inclusion on the candidate list

Toxicological PropertiesCancerogenic or CMutagenic or MReprotoxic R

Ecotoxicological PropertiesP i t PPersistence PBioaccumation B(High) Toxicity T

Equivalent Level of ConcernqEg Endocrine Disruptors




Consequences and Obligations for manufactures and importers

Active Communication along the commercial supply chain (§ 31)Active Communication along the commercial supply chain (§ 31)Inform your downstream customer of the status of the substance

− on its own− in preparations− in articles or semifinsished articles

Passive Communication with the consumer (§31)no active communication needed butconsumer can ask for SVHC in consumer productsconsumer can ask for SVHC in consumer products answer within 45 days through supplier of article




The ProcessSubstances of Very High Concern

Numbers 145 + 11

P i iti ti

54 84 14

List of

Intention

ProposalTo

SVHC

Candidate

list

AuthorizationList

Annex XIV

Prioritisation

Annex XV

withdrawal possible

(2)

withdrawal possible

(2)(2) (2)




Once prioritized within the candidate list

AuthorizationList

Annex XIV

Defined sunset dateTime limited authorization if

Application has been forwarded and acceptedpp pBenefit outweighs risksNo alternative availableShift of responsibility



REACH and The Plasticiser Market

Consequences for Plasticizers



Phthalates Classification and Labelling

PHTHALATEALCOHOLBACKBONE

LABELING

HEALTH ENV

DMP 1 None None

DEP 2 None None

DIBP (SCL = 25%) 3 Cat 2/3, T; R61‐62 None

DBP 4 Cat 2/3, T; R61‐62 N; R50

ar W

eight

tes)

DPP 3 ‐ 5 Cat 2/2, T; R60‐61 N; R50

BBP 4 ‐ 7 Cat 2/3, T; R61‐62 N; R50‐53

DIHP 5 ‐ 6 Cat 2, T; R61 Nonew M

olecula

ow Phtha

lat

711P (Highly branched) 5 ‐ 9 Cat 2/3, T; R61‐62 None

DEHP 6 Cat 2/2, T; R60‐61 None

Low

(Lo

ight

DINP 7 ‐ 8 None None

DIDP 8 ‐ 9 None None

DPHP 7 None None

ecular W

eithalates)

79P (Slightly branched) 7 ‐ 9 None None

911P (Slightly branched)

9 ‐ 11 None None

High Mol

(High Ph

t



Differentiating Plasticisers: Applications and Regulatory StatusDifferentiating Plasticisers: Applications and Regulatory Status

Low phthalatesLow phthalates High phthalates DINP, DIDP, DPHP, DIUP, High phthalates DINP, DIDP, DPHP, DIUP, Other plasticisersOther plasticisers

R i 1B N t CMR

DEHP, BBP, DBP, DIBPDEHP, BBP, DBP, DIBP DTDPDTDP

ES

Other plasticisersOther plasticisers

No REACH restrictions to date

Reprotoxic agents cat. 1BRisk reduction requiredOn annex XIV of REACH

Not CMRNo classification or labellingNo risk reduction required

MOLECU

LE

Cyclohexanoates, Adipates, Benzoates, Citrates, trimellitates, and others

Medical devices (DEHP)

PVC wire and cablePVC Flooring and wallcovering

ToysFood contact

and others

ONS

Medical devices (DEHP)general purpose flexible PVC (DEHP)Adhesives (DIBP)

PVC film and foilSynthetic leatherPVC coated fabricsAutomotive (dashboards wire

Sealantsmedical devicesNiche applicationsSome general purposeA

PPLICA

TIO

Automotive (dashboards, wire harnesses, CUBS, upholstery, etc…)

Some general purposeapplications

REACH will require that onlyauthorised applications can be Amongst the earliest REACH

S l d REACH

ATO

RY

authorised applications can beused after the sunset date of February 2015

gregistrations due to the extensive amount of data available

Some already REACH registered, others pending

REGULAT



L hth l t C t REACH t tLow phthalates – Current REACH status

Official publication of the REACH annex XIV list in the OJ in Feb 2011 (2012 for DIBP)( )

For the applications that will not be authorised, the sunset date is 21st of February 2015y

DEHP: Authorisation task force formed for DEHP

Applications sent to ECHA between August 7 and 21 2013Applications sent to ECHA between August 7 and 21, 2013

Public commenting expected to start in November 2013

Single producers applied for additional individual uses

DBP: Producer & Downstream User(s) applied for authorisation ( ) pp

Applications sent to ECHA in August

Public commenting expected to start in November 2013August 2013 ‐ p30© copyright ECPI

Public commenting expected to start in November 2013


L hth l t C t REACH t tLow phthalates – Current REACH status

Official publication of the REACH annex XIV list in the OJ in Feb 2011 (2012 for DIBP)( )

For the applications that will not be authorised, the sunset date is 21st of February 2015y

BBP Producer will not seek authorisationBBP: Producer will not seek authorisation

DIBP: Producer has not yet made its intentions public



High Phthalates – Current REACH status

DINP, DIDP, DPHP registered by March 2010, well ahead of deadline.

All REACH data requirements met – no proposals for additional testing.

Health and environmental data demonstrating safe use is well beyond REACH l t i tregulatory requirements.

Toys restrictions (DINP/DIDP only) under revision by EU commission



Multiple previous studies indicate DINP safe for intended usesMultiple previous studies indicate DINP safe for intended uses

2003US Consumer Product Safety Commission

“no demonstrated health risk” from use of DINP in toys

2003National ToxicologyProgram

“minimal” and “negligible” concern for reproductive / developmental toxicity of DINP & DIDPProgram toxicity of DINP & DIDP

2004 OECD HMW phthalates (DINP/DIDP) are “low priority for further work” *

2005US Centers for

CDC (2005) report indicates that exposure is well within safe limits2005 Disease ControlCDC (2005) report indicates that exposure is well within safe limits

2006 European UnionEU Risk Assessments find HMW phthalates (DINP & DIDP) safe for use in current applications **

“CPSC staff has kept abreast of the new research and has not seen anything2007

US Consumer Product Safety Commission

“CPSC staff has kept abreast of the new research and has not seen anything that would cause a change in staff’s position” (Letter from CPSC staff to CA Senator Runner)

2009/2010 European UnionDINP/DIDP registered under REACH and can be produced in and imported i t th EU ith t i ti i i ti li ti009/ 0 0 pinto the EU with no restrictions in existing applications

2011The Chief Advisor to the Danish EPA Chemicals unit identified DINP as an effective and economic alternative to low molecular weight phthalates

2012 Australia NICNAS Current risk estimates do not indicate a health concern from exposure of children to DINP in toys and childcare articles even at the highest (reasonable worst‐case) exposure scenario considered.

* OECD comments for high molecular weight phthalates including DINP and DIDP


g g p g** In case DIDP were to be used in toys to substitute for other phthalates, risk reduction would be required for infants under 3 years of age


EU T d Shif i HMW h h l & h l i iEU Trend: Shifting to HMW phthalates & «other» plasticisers

Product

European plasticisers producers have adapted their offer to legislation and evolving market demand.


Source: IHS Chemical, Plasticisers Marketing Reserach Report, ECPI estimates


Gl b ll h d i h diffGlobally the trend is somewhat different

EU plasticiser market Rest of world market

DEHP still represents ±50% of the phthalates used Worldwide ‐ with non‐phthalatesgaining market share ‐ whereas in the EU and US, high phthalates are predominant.

August 2013 ‐ p35© copyright ECPI Source: 2011 ECPI estimate


Th F t Hi h Phth l t S tti th T dTh F t Hi h Phth l t S tti th T dThe Future: High Phthalates Setting the TrendThe Future: High Phthalates Setting the Trend

European HMW plasticisers producers are taking responsibility and are adapting their offer to the evolving demand of the market and the legislators:

General purpose Specialties

Move from lower to higher (C9 and above) molecular

h d

Development of <alternative> plasticisers

f l d

Development focused on non‐classified h h l l weight products for speciality and

higher‐end marketshigher molecular weight phthalates

This implies a major effort in informing and helping converters to adapt their formulations and processing conditions, as well as strong communication and advocacy campaigns and supporting research



To ards the s stainable se of plasticisersTowards the sustainable use of plasticisers



ECPI i f th f f di b f th Vi l 2010ECPI is one of the four founding members of the Vinyl 2010 & VinylPlus programmes

ECPI members have been contributing and actively participating in Vinyl 2010 since the start of the programme in 2000.2010 since the start of the programme in 2000.

ECPI High Molecular Weight members have signed up for the new VinylPlus industry commitment (www.vinylplus.eu).VinylPlus industry commitment (www.vinylplus.eu).

ECPI is committed to demonstrating that flexible PVC is used in a sustainable and responsible way and is a member of the VinylPlussustainable and responsible way and is a member of the VinylPlus Sustainable Additives TF



Participation in the Vinyl 2010 & the new VinylPlus programs

ECPI members have been contributing and actively participating in Vinyl 2010 since the start of the program in 2000. Final progress report to be downloaded on wwwvinylplus euprogress report to be downloaded on www.vinylplus.eu

VinylPlus target: to recycle 800,000 tonnes/year of PVC by 2020



S mmarSummary



Summary: REACH

REACH changes the Chemical Management System in EuropeREACH changes the Chemical Management System in Europe− Consequences for European producers− Consequences for Importers

− Consequences beyond EU 27

REACH covers chemicals > 1 to / aREACH covers chemicals 1 to / a

No data, no market

Restrictions for Substances of Very High Concern− Candidate list

− Active Communication requirements along supply chain− Annex XIV

− Phase out after sunset date, unless authorised uses (on demand only), ( y)



Summary: Phthalates

Low Phthalates with sunset dates February 2015− Market share of DEHP declining (in Europe)

− Application for Authorization will be pursued for DEHP

− Deadline for application by August 2013

High Phthalates can be regarded as (today’s) gold standardHigh Phthalates can be regarded as (today s) gold standard− Versatility / Economy / Availability

− Environment / Human HealthEnvironment / Human Health



Be sure to check our website: www.plasticisers.orgComprehensive information available, including:

Updated library of fact sheets in 7 languages & mythbuster documents?

Issue papers and general information around flexible PVC and phthalates.

Updates on general health issues.

Press articles on applications such as automotive, construction etc…

Informative video in 3 languages


Documents

Towards the Sustainable Use Plasticisers · 2013. 8. 27. · MT in Europe ‐Phh lhthalates represent more than 80% of this volume 1 low phthalate (DEHP) and 3 high phthalates (DINP,