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Terms of reference

Towards an effective and quantifiable reduction in plastic waste generation and leakage in Cyprus

Improving knowledge of waste generation and enhancing adoption of plastic leakage reduction measures by tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors

Plastic Waste-Free Islands Med (PWFI Med)

BACKGROUND / INTRODUCTION

With support from the Didier and Martine Primat Foundation, IUCN launched the Plastic Waste-Free Islands (PWFI) project in 2019. This three-year initiative is part of the IUCN global Close the Plastic Tap programme. 13 target locations in the Caribbean, Mediterranean and Pacific will test the Plastic Hotspot Assessment methodology, co-developed with UN Environment; the lessons learnt and experiences from the leakage reduction efforts in the 13 islands will be captured into a blueprint.

The project seeks to globally address the poorly addressed problem of plastic waste leakage from islands. Over 10 million tons of plastic waste enters the ocean every year. This has major adverse impacts on the health of ocean ecosystems, the integrity of food supplies, and livelihoods. The plastic waste issue is caused by a multitude of factors, including but not limited to: unsustainable behavioral patterns, inexistent or unenforced legislation, inefficient waste management systems and unknown leakage sources, among other reasons. Many efforts on minimizing and mitigating impacts of plastic waste are focused on tackling the sources on continental land, rivers and coastal areas. To date, not much attention has been given to islands.

Islands are uniquely vulnerable to a whole swathe of environmental issues, one of which is marine litter. Tourism, economic growth, increasing population, urbanization have led to consumption patterns demanding a greater use of resources including plastics, and waste generation on islands. The Mediterranean Sea is particularly vulnerable to this environmental threat. This semi-enclosed sea, only connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Gibraltar Strait, is characterized by an anti-estuarine circulation, which makes it a concentrating basin for marine litter. Modelling simulations and in-situ observations have shown that the accumulation of marine litter in the basin is comparable to those observed in the five subtropical gyres, the most famous being the great garbage patch in the subtropical gyre of the North Pacific. According to the assessment based on the marine plastic footprint model1 applied to the Mediterranean basin, the estimated yearly macro-plastic leakage is 216,269 tonnes, and the estimated annual micro-plastic leakage is 25,782 tonnes. The leakage in the Mediterranean basin is dominated by macro-plastic from mismanaged waste (89%) as the average mismanaged waste fraction in the basin is very high (67%). Among micro-plastics, tyre dust from tyre abrasion is the major source (76%), followed by textiles (17%), microbeads in cosmetics (6%), and

1 Boucher, J. Billard, G. Simeone, E. Sousa, J. (2019) The Marine Plastic Footprint. IUCN

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production pellets (1%). The total plastic accumulated in the Mediterranean is estimated in the order of magnitude of 170,000 tonnes, with a possible range from 30,000 to 190,000 tonnes.2 Project components

• The overarching goal of the project is to reduce plastic leakage from the first two islands tested in the Mediterranean Sea, Menorca and Cyprus.

• The plastic hotspot calculator will assess plastic leakage distribution, abundance, types, sources, pathways and sinks. It will provide an actionable set of ‘hotspots’ to reduce leakage.

• The project also features an economic analysis that will assess costs and benefits of current plastic flows and will model costs and benefits of potential future scenarios; as well as a policy assessment, focused on the current policy frameworks, which will provide options for priorities identified through the hotspot and economic modelling.

• The second phase of the project (to be confirmed and depending on available budget) will feature in each target island a detailed material flow analysis, which will provide information on leakage across tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors. The sector-specific material flow analysis data will feed into 2 streams.

• The first stream is composed of leaked plastic that can be repurposed and will generate proof of concept alternative products.

• The second stream of leaked plastic that cannot be repurposed will be disposed through the use of Best Available Technologies.

• Tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors’ information and experience in reducing leakage will feed into an island-specific action plan.

• Key stakeholders across government, private sector, civil society and academia will be invited to co-generate, validate and use the above project components in their plastic leakage reduction efforts.

• IUCN intends to work with stakeholders to capture experience and lessons learnt from leakage reduction efforts in the 13x target locations (Pacific, Caribbean, Mediterranean) into a blueprint.

More details on the background of the project in Annex 2 Since 2014, IUCN has been involved in various initiatives in order to address this urgent issue. Through the IUCN’s “Close the Plastic Tap” programme, several projects have been implemented to advance six key pillars: partnerships, knowledge, capacity-building, policy, business and innovation. These pillars are the core of the work that IUCN has been developing globally with partners and other stakeholders.

2 Boucher, J. Billard, G. (2019) The Med - Mare Plasticum. IUCN

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GLOBAL OBJECTIVES

The overarching goal of this Consultancy is to help IUCN answer the questions:

How much plastic waste is generated along the value chain of the tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors? What is the amount of plastic leakage into the marine environment?

IUCN is looking for a local partner or an already existing cluster of local partners that will help to develop, implement and secure the follow-up and the legacy of the project. The Partner will provide input specifically for the following Outcomes and Outputs of the PWFI Med project:

Outcome 1. Improved knowledge of waste generation in Cyprus and measurable increase in policy effectiveness to reduce plastic waste generation and enhance disposal

1.1 Plastic hotspotting and shaping action applied (Stakeholder liaison and engagement)

1.2 Current waste management policies and practices assessed in Cyprus to generate a baseline understanding on content, financing and implementation of policies related to project outcomes

1.3 Policy recommendations developed and delivered to governmental bodies

Outcome 2. Enhanced adoption of plastic leakage reduction measures by tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors and value chain development

2.1 Key stakeholders (public and private, as well as the informal waste sector) in each target sector are identified and engaged in enhanced plastic waste management measures

2.2 An action plan for each sector on enhanced plastic waste management is co-developed and implemented with island governments and key stakeholders

2.3 Assist the 3 target sectors to co-generate up to 3 viable value chains to collect, recycle or reuse products from locally sourced recycled plastic streams (to be confirmed - depending on budget available)

2.4 Assess best available technologies and co-generate solutions for effective elimination of non-recyclable plastic streams (to be confirmed - depending on budget available)

Outcome 3. Development of a Plastic Waste-Free Island blueprint and endorsement by regional bodies

A vibrant learning and leadership network on best practice activities to minimize plastic waste leakage that includes key stakeholders of the island

EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND DELIVERABLES

The following deliverables will be prepared and discussed with the local Partner and the Project Team at the beginning of the collaboration. Specific tasks will be assigned to the local Partner in assisting IUCN Consultancy and Project Team:

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1. Improved knowledge of waste generation in Cyprus and measurable increase in policy effectiveness to reduce plastic waste generation and enhance disposal • Regional stakeholders’ list (to be provided by the Partner) • At least one on-site stakeholder engagement workshop • On-site data collection and data validation through surveys to key stakeholders (the Partner

will assist IUCN Consultancy) • On-site data report for Economic analysis (the Partner will assist IUCN Consultancy) • On-site data report for Review of existing policies and recommendations for additional policy

framework if needed, based on the synthesis of policy, economic and footprint data (the Partner will assist IUCN Consultancy)

• Hotspots report with results and lesson learnt (the Partner will assist IUCN Consultancy)

2. Enhanced adoption of plastic leakage reduction measures by tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors and value chain development • Stakeholder map and engagement plan (to be developed with IUCN Project Team) • On-site data report for Sector-specific material flow analysis (to be developed with IUCN

Project Team) • Communication package and promotional material for disseminating the project’s results at

local and regional level (to be developed with IUCN Communication Team)

Potential additional outputs and deliverables in Annex 2

TASKS AND ACTIVITIES

The Partner is expected to work closely with the IUCN Project Team, Consultancy and focal point at HQ as necessary. IUCN is providing overall coordination and leadership of the project.

For Outcome 1: The Partner will attend an initial meeting (could be remotely) with the Project Team to discuss the project framework and ensure a good comprehension of all the issues; develop a work plan, which outlines roles, responsibilities, and timelines; provide a list of national stakeholders; support data collection and validation on-site while IUCN Consultancy will visit the islands in 2020 ; support the organization of the stakeholder engagement workshop(s); assist in the development of the economic analysis and policy recommendations. For Outcome 2: The Partner will assist in the development of a stakeholder map and engagement plan; assist IUCN Consultancy to perform a sector-specific material flow analysis; assess the three sectors (tourism, fisheries and waste management) to identify and engage with the main stakeholders of each sector;

Optional phase: demonstrate how products of recovered plastic, or product solutions in target value chains could contribute to reduced leakage and growth of circular economy; feed results and lessons into development of the Action Plan and the PWFI Blueprint.

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For Outcome 3: The Partner will support the organization of the final Inter Regional Workshop in 2021.

SCHEDULE OF DELIVERABLES

This schedule is tentative and will be subject to changes and updates.

Deliverables Tentative Timeline 2019

Regional stakeholders’ list

15th January 2020

Stakeholder map and engagement plan 31st January 2020 2020

On-site data collection and data validation through surveys to key stakeholders

31st March 2020

On-site stakeholders’ engagement workshop 30th April 2020 Hotspots report 15th September 2020

2021 On-site data report for Material Flow Analysis 30th April 2021 On-site data report for Economic analysis 30th June 2021 On-site data report for Policy analysis 30th June 2021

2022 Promotional material and content 30th April 2022

QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE

Speaking language: English

The Partner should have experience:

- creating and promoting environmental awareness locally in plastic pollution issues - good knowledge, understanding and connection with the 3 targeted sectors: fisheries,

tourism and waste management

In addition, experience and/ or knowledge will be valuable and appreciated regarding:

- involvement in local cluster working on environmental issues - the local context

MAXIMUM BUDGET AVAILABLE

The maximum budget available for this assignment is 50.000 euros (including all taxes).

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TIMING

The expected timeframe is 2,5 years. It could be subject to changes and delays.

SUBMISSIONS

We welcome applications from Organisations and/or individual Consultants.

1.1 Experience and technical proposal

a) Personal CV of the Partner that will prepare and lead the activities, indicating all past experiences and main competencies;

b) Brief description (max 2 pages) of why the Partner’s team is the most suitable for the assignment.

1.2. Financial proposal

Financial Proposal in Euros that indicates the all-inclusive fixed total contract price.

Shortlisted candidates will be asked to submit a more detailed proposal.

MONITORING, CONTROL AND VALIDATION OF THE WORK The Partner will work under the supervision of IUCN Mediterranean Centre of Cooperation/ Marine Programme. The Partner will submit a draft report as request on the schedule table for deliverables. The Partner will hand in the final version 15 days after the monitoring committee has made its observations and comments on the draft report.

HOW TO APPLY?

The interested candidates, who meet the above mentioned criteria, may send their application to: marieaude.sevin@iucn.org (cc alessia.iovinelli@iucn.org ) no later than 30th November 2019. Only selected candidates will be contacted for interviews.

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Annexes

Annex 1 : Evaluation Criteria for the offer

Evaluation Criteria Maximum Point

General experience and technical references (20 points)

Experience in creating and promoting environmental awareness locally in plastic pollution issues

Nature and number of the projects

Presented over 3 5 points

Presented 2 to 3 3 points Less than 2 0 points

Completion date of the most recent project

Less than or equal to 3 years 10 points Over 3 years 5 points

Good knowledge and connection with the 3 targeted sectors: fisheries, tourism and waste management

Nature and number of the initiatives

Presented over 2 10 points Presented 1 or 2 5 points None 0 points

Completion date of the most recent initiative

Less than or equal to 3 years 5 points

Over 3 years 0 points

Methodology, organisation and planning (30 points)

Methodology, organisation and planning

Methodology

Methodology clearly presented and meets the terms of reference and the training‘s objectives

20 points

Methodology fairly presented and partially meets the terms of reference and the training’s objectives

5 points

Methodology not clearly presented and does not meet the terms of reference and training’s objectives

0 points

Organization and planning

A clear and well worked-out organization of the work and a realistic planning that respects the deadline

10 points

A clear enough organization of the work and a planning that respects the deadline

5 points

A poor organization of the work or a planning that does not respect the deadline

0 points

Team proposed to provide the training (20 points)

Qualification of the team

Highly qualified with relevant experiences proven 30 points

Not all the team qualified 10 points Not qualified 0 points

Financial Proposal (30 points)

Total budget

Below 50 000 10 points Aligned with the technical expectations 20 points

Not aligned with the technical expectations 0 points

Total 100 points

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Annex 2 : Potential additional outputs and deliverables

• Proof of concept commercially-viable products developed from recovered plastic in fishery and tourism sectors A workplan to be agreed by IUCN Methodology to divert plastic waste generation per sector (this should include indication

of: determination/description of sector initiatives, type of approach to the sectors (engaging public and private) changing current value chains in plastic / applications, ways of processing results of sector-specific material flow analysis, timeline, etc)

Three to four proof of concepts developed for alternative value chains. Per proof of concept, a fact sheet containing:

I. Concept / product description II. Name, dimensions, weight, intended use & impact

III. Description of plastic waste it is intended to replace IV. Illustration of concept / product V. Potential alternative value chain

VI. Volume, source, market, benefit flows VII. Cost of concept / product development (plastic collection, transport, cleaning,

transformation, specialized tools needed, etc.) VIII. Concept / product composition

IX. Types of plastic included, amount of plastics used & amount of plastic waste diverted

X. Source of used plastic types XI. Material safety data sheet, if applicable

XII. Cost-benefit analysis of alternate product value chain vs product value chain it is intended to replace

• Assessment of best available technologies (BAT)3 An overall assessment workplan to be agreed by IUCN An internal summary report capturing:

I. main findings of a literature review at global level on BAT for effective elimination of non-recyclable plastic streams

II. principles to be considered for BAT assessment for effective elimination of non-recyclable plastic streams (e.g. sustainable production and consumption, precautionary approach, internalization of environmental costs, extended producer responsibility, cleaner production, life cycle assessment, and life cycle management)

A risk and opportunity assessment methodology allowing comparative diagnostic of BAT for effective elimination of non-recyclable plastic streams based on environmental, social and economic criteria

1x global diagnostic report on BAT for effective elimination of non-recyclable plastic streams at global level, following existing international legal frameworks and recommendations e.g. from the BRS conventions, and including a comparative assessment

6x island-specific diagnostic reports listing BAT based on: I. results from the Quantification and Sectorial Material Flow Analysis

II. regional and national context

3 BAT means the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of operation, which indicate the practical suitability of particular techniques (UNEP, 2012).

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The format of the reports will be based on a synthetic, schematic and standard template to be agreed by IUCN.

Annex 3 : project background

Plastic Waste-Free Islands

Table of Contents

Problem description and situational analysis .......................................................... 3

Detail about the organisation ......................................................................................... 6

Project Summary ................................................................................................................ 9

Monitoring, evaluation and learning ........................................................................ 11

Sustainability of the project in the long-term:....................................................... 11

Project Activities .............................................................................................................. 12 Outcome 1: Improved knowledge of waste generation among 2 target islands and policy recommendations to reduce plastic waste generation enhance disposal ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Outcome 2: Enhanced adoption of plastic leakage reduction measures by tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors and value chain development ..........................................................................................................................................................15 Outcome 3: Development of Plastic Waste Free Island blueprint and endorsement by regional bodies ..........................................................................................17

Contributing to the SDGs ............................................................................................... 18

Project partners, consultants, network and roles ................................................ 19

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Problem description and situational analysis

The plastic issue

Over 10 million tons of plastic waste enters the ocean every year2. This has major adverse impacts on the health of ocean ecosystems, the integrity of food supplies, and livelihoods. This issue of plastic waste is caused by a multitude of factors, including but not limited to: unsustainable behaviour patterns, inexistent or unenforced legislation, inefficient waste management systems and unknown leakage sources, among other reasons.

These multiple driving factors therefore require a multiple solution approach. Many efforts on minimising and mitigating impacts of plastic waste are focused on tackling the sources on continental land, rivers and coastal areas. To date, not much attention has been put on islands.

Plastics are rising on the international agenda As our scientific understanding of the impacts of plastic pollution on ecosystems and human health expands, so too do the number of initiatives and commitments to close the plastic tap and address mismanagement of plastic waste. Projects have been undertaken at all levels, from the community or grassroots level all the way up to high- level international commitments.

The issue of plastic pollution cuts across multiple sustainable development goals, particularly SDG 6 (Ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG14 (Life Below Water).

In June 2017, Heads of State and Government and high-level representatives came together at the UN Ocean Conference in New York to discuss the implementation strategy for SDG14 - Life Below Water. One of the key issues raised was that of marine litter, with countries committing to “accelerate actions to prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, particularly from land-based activities” as well as to “promote waste prevention and minimization [and] develop sustainable consumption and production patterns (…)”. This project seeks to further the achievement of these large international a commitments.

Unique challenges of islands

Islands are uniquely vulnerable to a whole swathe of environmental issues, one of which is marine litter3.

Tourism, economic growth, increased population, urbanisation, and a change in production materials and methods have led to a consumption patterns demanding increased use of resources including plastics, and waste generation on islands. It’s important to note that the impact of drifting plastic waste from the mainland has led the

2 Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., ... & Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347(6223), 768-771. 3 Lachmann F., Almroth B. C., Baumann H., Broström G., Corvellec H., Gipperth L., Hassellöv M., Karlsson T., Nilsson P. (2017). Marine plastic litter on Small Island Developing States (ISLANDS): Impacts and measures. Report No. 2017:3. Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment.

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input of plastic waste on islands to be disproportionate to their own consumption of plastics4.

Plastic contains many complex chemicals, one of which is Bisphenol-A. (BPA) When exposed to BPA, human oocytes (immature egg cell involved in reproduction) were shown to experience maturation arrest and spindle abnormalities5. Other studies have found BPA linked to ovarian toxicity and other adverse birth outcomes6. This is but one single example among hundreds of novel entities which are either confirmed to cause negative health impacts when unregulated and allowed a presence in the environment and food chain, or have yet to be properly tested for long-term health impacts.

There are multiple impacts of marine litter on islands. Firstly, island biodiversity can be diminished through entanglement in and ingestion of marine litter, diminishing not only the pool of resources for livelihood of the population but also affecting tourism, as many visit these islands to see unique island biodiversity as well as the visual beauty of the islands. Marine litter affects the fishing industry through ghost fishing and contaminating fish for consumption. Finally, plastic waste drifting from other islands can harbour harmful invasive species that can severely damage the various local island ecosystems.

All these factors make plastic waste an urgent issue to deal with in the island context.

The Mediterranean Sea is particularly vulnerable to this environmental threat. This semi-enclosed sea, only connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Gibraltar Strait, is characterized by an anti-estuarine circulation (Pinardi and Masetti, 2000): the Atlantic waters enter at the surface while the Mediterranean waters exit at depth through the Gibraltar Strait. This very particular circulation makes the Mediterranean Sea a concentrating basin for marine litter at such point that models simulations (Lebreton et al., 2011; Maximenko et al., 2012) and in-situ observations (Cózar et al., 2015) have shown that the accumulation of marine litter in the basin is comparable to those observed in the five subtropical gyres, the most famous being the great garbage patch in the subtropical gyre of the North Pacific.

Why tourism?

For many ISLANDS their social, economic and environmental wellbeing is tied strongly to the fate of a single sector: tourism. Because of its relative magnitude in many ISLANDS the sector has incredible potential for both positive and negative impacts and for leveraging the transformation to a green economy. While ISLANDS tourism can be based on many factors including uniqueness, exotic character and luxury, much ISLANDS tourism focuses on many of the most fragile environments such as beaches, reefs and unique ecosystems as the key draw. As global tourism grows and interest in visiting new places expands, more tourists choose to visit small islands, even those far from the source of the visitors. As a consequence, tourism has become a key driver of

4 Lachmann F., Almroth B. C., Baumann H., Broström G., Corvellec H., Gipperth L., Hassellöv M., Karlsson T., Nilsson P. (2017). Marine plastic litter on Small Island Developing States (ISLANDS): Impacts and measures. Report No. 2017:3. Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment. 5 Machtinger, R.; Combelles, CM.; Missmer, SA.; Correia, KF.; Williams, P.; Hauder, R.; and Racowsky, C. (2013) Bisphenol-A and human oocye maturation in vitro. Human Reproduction, October 28(10), doi 10.1093, accessed online https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23904465 6 Peretz, Jackye; Vrooman, Lisa; Ricke, William A.; Hunt, Patricia A.; Ehrlich, Sally; Hauser, Russ; Padmanabhan, Vasantha; Taylor, Hugh S.; Swan, Shanna H.; VandeVoort, Catherine A.; and Flaws, Jodi A. (2014) Bisphenol A and Reproductive Health: Update of Experimental and Human Evidence, 2007-2013; Environmental Health Perspectives, DOI 10.1289, accessed online https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1307728/

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development in many ISLANDS from the Maldives to Samoa to the Caribbean. Many islands have competed aggressively for cruise visits and the rapid growth of cruise tourism has a made many small island states ports for frequent visits by larger ships, often concentrated in relatively short peak seasons which coincide with the peak season for land-based tourism

The Mediterranean basin is by far the largest global tourism destination, attracting almost a third of the world’s international tourists (UNEP/MAP, 2012). Coastal tourism is then fundamental for the economy of many Mediterranean countries and islands.

However it represents a tremendous environmental pressure including contribution to the marine litter and plastic discharge (UNEP/MAP, 2012). These observations all taken together have shown that there is an urgent need to develop a new model for a more responsible and sustainable tourism in the Mediterranean Sea (Sabban, 2013).

Fig. calculation of plastic leakage generated by an average EU citizen, spending 52 weeks at home and one week on an island with mismanaged plastic/waste infrastructure, 2/3 of the impact originate from 1 week only.

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Detail about the organisation

Established in 1948, IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, is a membership organisation with over 1,300 Members from 164 countries uniquely composed of States, Government Agencies, Non-Government Organisations and Indigenous Peoples organisations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together. The unique ability to convene diverse stakeholders and provide the latest science, objective recommendations and on-the-ground expertise drives IUCN’s mission of informing and empowering stakeholders to work together to forge and implement solutions to environmental challenges.

IUCN’s extensive network of over 10,000 experts places the organisation in a unique position to convene the world’s specialists in this field to ensure the highest quality science informs policy recommendations. Combined, our knowledge base and diverse membership make IUCN an incubator and trusted repository of best practices, conservation tools, and international guidelines and standards. As the only environmental organisation with official United Nations observer status, IUCN ensures that nature conservation has a voice at the highest level of international governance.

IUCN is best placed to deliver this project Since 2014, IUCN has been involved in various initiatives in an effort to address this urgent issue. Much of this work has centred on research to expand and improve scientific understanding of these complex issues. Through IUCN’s “Close the Plastic Tap” initiative, a number of projects have been implemented to advance six key pillars: partnerships, knowledge, capacity-building, policy, business and innovation. These pillars are the core of the work IUCN has been developing with partners and other stakeholders in different regions globally.

IUCN also has a strong presence on the ground with over 50 offices around the world and implements a diversified project portfolio valued at around CHF400 million together with its Members and partners. IUCN has strong partnerships and engagements with governments, civil society and business in both target regions.

The IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation based in Málaga, Spain, has been has been working for the protection of biodiversity and sustainable development in the Mediterranean Basin since 2000. As a cooperation center, the role of the Med programme is to facilitate collaboration, exchange, and regional-scale solutions among the various actors of the Mediterranean region across both Europe and North Africa.

IUCN Med has been a leading actor in the region on addressing the impacts of both the tourism and fisheries sectors, while playing a key role in large-scale European projects such as MEET, DestiMED, and Fish MPA Blue.

In this region, IUCN is regarded as a trusted and neutral forum in which governments, NGOs, scientists, businesses, local communities and others can work together to forge and implement solutions to environmental challenges. It has a strong track record of engagement and delivery.

Gender representation As the directors of daily household consumption, women are principal stakeholders in changing household consumption behaviour, especially around single-use plastics. Additionally, women are key actors in informal economies, holding major roles in

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informal waste management and recycling. However, their labour contributions are often overlooked or underestimated, leaving them susceptible to livelihood loss if they are left out of developing and implementing solutions. Women’s leadership in this area has been hugely influential in other plastic pollution projects, with women playing a role in educating the community7, spearheading recycling and waste management initiatives to improve livelihoods8, 9, and re-orienting family consumption to more sustainable pathways10.

IUCN recognizes gender equality and women’s empowerment as prerequisites for conservation and sustainable development. Over the last several decades, IUCN has expanded on its commitment to gender equality and built a strong portfolio of globally recognized gender expertise. IUCN will utilize this expertise and experience to ensure that solutions and proposed measures to reduce plastic pollution are gender-sensitive, do not exacerbate gender inequalities and discrimination, and respond to the needs, priorities, and ideas of both women and men.

IUCN’s “Close the Plastic Tap” initiative

PARTNERSHIPS: IUCN encourages and enables cross-sectorial partnerships through creating best practice platforms to share lessons learned and encouraging business and government partnership solutions marine litter.

7 Hanson, Anne-Marie (2017) Women’s environmental health activism around plastic pollution in the coastal wetlands of Yucatán, Gender & Development, Volume 25, accessed online https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13552074.2017.1335450?scroll=top&needAccess=true& 8 Silva, José Adán (2015, Sept. 7) Women Revolutionise Waste Management on Nicaraguan Island. Interpress Service News Agency, accessed online http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/09/women-revolutionise-waste- management-on-nicaraguan-island/ 9 Youth Action Net (2017) Protecting marine ecosystems in Peru. Accessed online https://www.youthactionnet.org/videos/protecting-marine-ecosystems-peru 10 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)(2013) Momentum for Change – Women for Results: 1 Million Women Organization. Accessed online https://unfccc.int/climate- action/momentum-for-change/women-for-results/1-million-women

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KNOWLEDGE: Enhancing regional and global knowledge base of knowledge about plastic debris and other forms of marine litter. IUCN’s role is to act as an interface between science, policy, and practice. IUCN undertakes scientific research in order to better understand the sources, pathways and impacts of marine litter in order to get a better understanding actions needed to “close the plastic tap”. IUCN employs a regional focus to improve knowledge.

CAPACITY: bringing together stakeholders from different sectors, including: NGOs, governments and businesses to align actions, review policies, advise and share lessons learned.

POLICY: Pollution is trans boundary, in both land and water. There is a need for concerted policies and agreements that make solutions easier to be achieved (maximizing synergies to achieve results). IUCN works to identify effective policies and work with local, national and regional governments to implement policies and legislation to mitigate marine litter.

BUSINESS: IUCN engages business sectors that have a significant impact on natural resources and livelihoods through assessing their relative impact on the marine debris issue and suggesting practical actions for change.

INNOVATION: Innovation throughout the plastic value chain is the key to solve the plastic pollution. IUCN supports innovation through assessing the plastic footprint along the supply chain in businesses and encourage cross-sector collaboration for green design.

OVERALL intended IMPACTS of “CLOSE THE PLASTIC TAP”

• Consumer behavioural change / awareness raised

• Global Leakage points identified

• Plastic footprint disclosure adopted by targeted companies and mainstreamed

• Plastic defined as a toxic pollutant (hazardous emission) under the pollutant release and transfer register

• Plastic recognized as a key concern in targeted agreements and regulations

• Products designed for sustainability and circular economy

• Bio-benign designed products globally scaled

• Single use plastic banned

Under the “Close the Plastic Tap” initiative, IUCN has successfully completed the following projects:

• Azores project: Coordinated expanded scientific research in the Azores to

establish a baseline for marine litter in the region • Odyssey Project: collected and analysed plastic waste in selected islands within

the vicinity of the oceans trash “gyres” or “vortexes”

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• Monaco Stakeholder Platform: a stakeholder platform made of private sector (with initial emphasis on packaging, clothing and cosmetics), governments and NGOs to discuss and develop best practice solutions to address plastic and microplastics pollution

On-going initiatives related to plastics include:

• Baltic Solutions Plastic Pollution Project: assessment of all marine plastic litter in the Baltic Sea as well as marine litter implications for climate change, biodiversity and human health

• Plastimed: assessment of all marine plastic litter plus annual contribution per country and sector into the Mediterranean Sea

• MARPLASTICCS: an institution-wide initiative aiming at working with governments, industries and society in five pilot countries (South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya, Thailand, and Vietnam) to better understand and assess the plastic issue and implement collaborative well-targeted solutions across four main pillars: knowledge, capacity-building, policy and business.

• Plastic Footprint Calculator: developing plastic footprint calculators for the private sector so that companies can acknowledge their plastic footprint, identify the main leakage sources and drive action accordingly.

Project Summary The long-term vision of this project is plastic waste-free islands across the globe.

The impact this project will contribute to is to eliminate plastic waste leakage from key islands in the Mediterranean.

The purpose of this project is to demonstrate effective, quantifiable solutions to addressing plastic leakage from islands. Key stakeholders from governments, private sector and civil society, united in a vibrant learning and leadership network, will co- generate and demonstrate demand-responsive solutions to plastic waste incorporating policy, business operations, and citizen behaviour changes. Evidence and lessons will be packaged into a scalable ‘blueprint’ for use beyond the initial two target islands. Key regional bodies will be equipped with the blueprint and supported to identify further opportunities to grow its application.

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The project outcomes are: 1. Improved knowledge of waste generation among 2 target islands and policy

recommendations to reduce plastic waste generation and enhance disposal 2. Enhanced adoption of plastic leakage reduction measures by tourism, fisheries and

waste management sectors and value chain development 3. Development of Plastic Waste Free Island blueprint and endorsement by regional

bodies

Outcome 1: Improved knowledge of waste generation among 2 target islands and policy recommendations to reduce plastic waste generation and enhance disposal

• 1.1 Target islands selected through criteria • 1.2 Methodology developed to calculate the leakage from different sources • 1.3 Input-output model for plastic waste (Plastic Footprint Calculator) is applied

to each island • 1.4 Current waste management policies and practices assessed on target islands

to generate a baseline understanding on content, financing and implementation of policies related to project outcome

• 1.5 Policy recommendations delivered to governmental bodies on policy, legislation and regulation for plastic waste leakage minimisation

Outcome 2: Enhanced adoption of plastic leakage reduction measures by tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors and value chain development

• 2.1 Key stakeholders (public and private, as well as the informal waste sector) in each target sector are identified and engaged in enhanced plastic waste management measures;

• 2.2 An action plan for each sector on enhanced plastic waste management is co- developed and implemented with island governments and key stakeholders

• 2.3 Assist the 3 target sectors to co-generate, proof of concept commercially- viable products developed from recovered plastic in fishery and tourism sectors.

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Outcome 3: Development of Plastic Waste Free Island blueprint and endorsement by regional ISLANDS bodies

• 3.1 A vibrant learning and leadership network on best practice activities to minimise plastic waste leakage that includes key stakeholders from the 2 islands

• 3.2 A zero plastic waste island blueprint is developed, informed by the project lessons

Monitoring, evaluation and learning

The monitoring, evaluation and learning system will ensure full transparency of project progress and performance against the result framework, and compliance with PRIMAT Foundation reporting and evaluation requirements.

The project will:

• Use theory of change to align project partners to a common vision, key performance indicators and agreed implementation streams.

• Define baselines, targets and end of project results. • Use a proven data collection, management and reporting system (e.g. Salesforce)

to o Track on-ground project activities and result delivery against the agreed

results framework, with strong coordination between customs authorities, private sector businesses dealing with plastics, and the waste management professionals processing waste

o Centrally manage the data collected, and o Provide a real-time progress and performance dashboard available to

the public. • Provide PRIMAT Foundation with timely progress reports per agreed reporting

schedule. • Engage stakeholders in regular, evidence-driven learning on project progress

and performance • Commission an external and independent mid-term review and end of project

evaluation.

Sustainability of the project in the long-term:

Ensuring sustainability of results will be achieved by wherever possible: • Using in-country expertise with a demonstrated track record in the project focal

area • Working with existing networks and mechanisms • Aligning with existing government development and conservation strategies • Co-generating knowledge with local partners and sharing results and lessons with

target constituencies • Establishing effective data collection mechanisms • Adhering to open source data sharing principles

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Project Activities

Outcome 1: Improved knowledge of waste generation among 2 target islands and measurable increase in policy effectiveness to reduce plastic waste generation and enhance disposal

1.1 Target islands selected through criteria

The island should be selected after a careful analysis of defined criteria. A first step will be to identify the 2 target islands. Ideally, target islands that show variation between them in terms of population size, tourism sector relevance, fishing industry, etc so as to have a good representation of cases for the island blueprint.

The preparatory phase of the project will involve greater examination of these criteria, particularly liaising with country officials and civil society organisations to build relationships for future implementation of strategies in the project.

The aim is also to select an island that allows for strong participation of actors across the board – including but not limited to the government, civil society and the private sector.

Criteria for selection:

• Population • GDP • Access to Data (for Material Flow Analysis, MFA and Life Cycle Analysis, LCA) • Existing sectors/weight of each sector in GDP • Documented contributions of tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors

to plastic pollution • Previous studies focused on target country on plastic waste management • Presence and number of on-going projects or initiatives (CLAIM) • The potential for job creation impact –especially looking at where existing waste

management capacity can be formalised in order to create job opportunities • Authorities’ engagement – based on our relationships with the regions through

IUCN Med, as well as our IUCN members in the region, we will assess the level of willingness from the target states. This will help assess where the returns on engagement will be the highest for IUCN

• Capacity for reverse logistics: i.e. ensuring that outer islands as well as main population-bearing islands have incentives for waste recovery

• Previous engagement with islands through IUCN-led projects

In a first scoping exercise, the 2 islands that stand out the most are as follow:

LARGE ISLAND Tier1: Menorca (SPAIN) Tier2: Sardinia (ITALY)

SMALL ISLAND:

Tier1:Lastovo (Croatia) Tier2:Pianosa, Ventotene, Giglio (ITALY)

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1.2 Methodology developed to calculate the leakage from different sources

We will identify the correct methodology to conduct island-wide plastic influx mapping, so as to identify the sources, quantities and pathways of plastic inputs and outputs on the island per sector.

Delivery of this key point will also include a kick-off conference with all relevant stakeholders in order to assess where and how data needs can be met to establish a baseline for plastic inputs as well as to create a relationship with implementing partners.

1.3 Input-output model for plastic waste (Plastic Footprint Calculator) is applied to each island

We will utilise the methodology developed above in order to apply this Plastic Footprint Calculator to each of the selected islands. The leakage rate of plastic waste will establish a baseline against which progress can be measured. As part of this calculator, and as something that has not been quantified or considered in other plastic calculators, is the quantity, quality and provenance of drifting plastics that reach islands from the sea. We will endeavour to calculate a ratio between internal and external drifting plastics.

We will base our analysis on studies already performed at the national level, national and branch association statistics as well as on the development of our own models and data from preliminary research. We will utilise the network of experts within IUCN to validate these datasets and assumptions.

This Plastic Footprint Calculator will use technical capacity and apply lessons learned from other calculators focused on business inputs and outputs.

Once completed, in years 2 and 3, it will allow governments, municipalities and private enterprises on island states to identify their inputs and plastic waste and thereby identify potential outputs and suggested mitigation measures. It will also be improved and enhanced over the project timeframe so as to determine the best methodology for establishing a baseline on plastic waste generation and leakage. The plastic leakage calculator will also include a section to weigh other environmental impacts beside leakage, such as carbon emissions and biodiversity impacts.

The analysis will lead to 2 streams to be sub-categorised into:

• Recyclable (R), thermoplastics that can be recycled on the island or are logistically feasible to export for recycling.

• Non-Recyclable (nR), plastics that are not sustainably recyclable or for which the logistics of collection and export are prohibitive.

These two streams will help categorise the pathways of intervention – based on best practices from other islands and feasibility assessments through stakeholder consultation. The exact solutions for each stream will be a result of co-creation of solutions involving both local and international players in this space, drawing on IUCN’s unique convening power to bring them together and assess the feasibility of each of the options.

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1.4 Current waste management policies and practices assessed on target islands to generate a baseline understanding on content, financing and implementation of policies related to project outcome

Drawing on prior IUCN experience, desk research, and consultation with other implementing partners of islands marine-litter related projects, we will assess the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of existing legal and regulatory framework in order to identify existing gaps and weaknesses that cause plastic leakage into the ocean.

We will also convene a workshop to share best practices and lessons learned from a broad range of island experiences, particularly those islands and island states that are currently sustainably managing their waste.

1.5 Policy recommendations delivered to governmental bodies on policy, legislation and regulation for plastic waste leakage minimisation

Based on this gap analysis conducted as activity 1.4, we will provide a series of policy recommendations to government and regional stakeholders on how to take advantage of enhanced waste management opportunities and to ensure our target sectors and civil society organisation partners can ensure compliance with these national policy and legal processes.

These policy recommendations will come as a result of our assessment and stakeholder consultation, allowing all the relevant actors to provide input and to increase the likelihood of country ownership and long-term sustainability of the project.

These may include:

At a governmental level:

• Close illegal dump sites on the island; • Develop new job opportunities at local community level relating to solid waste and

plastics management, working with informal waste pickers to encourage formal employment.

• Create litter patrols for compliance, especially through training women in raising awareness in their communities; and

• Advise on policy revisions for taxation of plastics and customs codes.

In the tourism sector • Implementation of Oceanic hospitality standards to reduce plastic usage in bars,

restaurants and hotels; • Improve port (aviation and maritime) reception facilities for waste segregation,

removal and recovery; and • Implement standards like Green Fins to harness tourists for clean up on the reef • Promote recycling and re-use; identify more environmentally friendly

alternatives to current packaging materials; and, • Train local women as tour guides to raise awareness on plastic pollution • Design and test zero-plastic ecotourism packages that completely eliminate

plastics from the supply chain and educate visitors about their own responsibility related to use of plastics

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In the fisheries sector • Introduce incentives to fishermen to fish for litter; • Ban synthetic dolly ropes; and • Enforce gear-marking measures.

In the waste management sector

• Follow best practice guidance for disposal of old boats; • Implementation of cost-effective waste collective systems; • Co-creation of new value chains using plastic waste and increased incentives for

recycling; • Train local women and youth to recognize and report illegal waste disposal, and • Improve on-island technical capacity for recycling or incineration. • Organisation of a regional qualification/certification for solid waste

management professionals

Outcome 2: Enhanced adoption of plastic leakage reduction measures by tourism, fisheries and waste management sectors and value chain development

2.1 Key stakeholders (public and private, as well as the informal waste sector) in each target sector are identified and engaged in enhanced plastic waste management measures

We have selected three plastic waste-related sectors in order to allow for comparison and best practice sharing between the selected islands: tourism, fisheries and waste management. Though these industries are likely to carry different weight in the GDP of each island state, selecting the same industries in each project island allows us to share relevant best practice approaches.

This phase involves stakeholder mapping of government, business and civil society actors. This will involve desk research as well as collaboration with IUCN regional offices and IUCN members on the ground to identify stakeholders relevant to the project objectives. The inclusion of national partner institutions and local NGOs will be emphasised as a way to secure ownership of the initiative and to increase cost efficiency. In years 2 and 3, we will expand the reach of involved stakeholders through local implementing partners.

We will seek to identify female and youth groups champions of the project in order to improve uptake in communities and households through awareness raising campaigns and behaviour change, and encourage female ownership of this initiative. Additionally, we will ensure that solutions to reduce plastic pollution advance women’s empowerment and gender equality and do not unintentionally harm the livelihoods of women, especially those that participate in informal economies, or exacerbate gender inequalities.

We will also include the relevant civil society and municipality actors. The key stakeholders of each sector are as follows:

Tourism

• Key tourist operators for leisure activities (e.g. diving, hiking, surfing) and intra-

island transportation • Key accommodation venues (e.g. hotels, resorts, guesthouses)

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• Key operators for cruising & airline arrival

Fisheries • Key industrial fisheries operators • Key artisanal fisheries operators • Key fish processors • Sport fishing and charter operations (overlap with tourism)

Waste management

• Government or private bodies, as well as informal waste pickers responsible for logistical waste collection on the island state

• Government or private bodies responsible for infrastructure operation of waste management facilities on site (recycling capacity, incineration, landfills)

2.2. An action plan for each sector on enhanced plastic waste management is co- developed and implemented with island governments and key stakeholders

Working closely with the chosen stakeholders in each sector, we will use best practice knowledge and on-the-ground knowledge in order to identify a collective framework for action and a timeline for implementation, encouraging synergy between the three sectors and encouraging them to work collaboratively to devise and implement practical solutions.

The cooperation with these three sectors will be dependent on the type and amount of plastic waste being identified as part of the Plastic Island Footprint Calculator. This data will inform a wide range of actions: for example, in partnership with the Plastic Collective11, implementing industrial shredders and extruders to be sold-on to plastic recyclers or extruded into cord to make new products. This can be implemented not only for recovered plastic but also for plastic still in circulation – cooperating with waste management sectors in order to create better collection methods to apply these methods before plastic becomes waste.

Another example might be to cooperate with specific hotels or resorts to implement procurement changes that eliminate purchase of plastics, thereby supporting their compliance with the growing national and regional policy directives on plastic pollution.

Again, the exact scenarios and scope of cooperation will depend on the data found in activity 1.3 so as to better target reductions specific to the island context.

Cooperation will be encouraged through the establishment of a multi-stakeholder steering committee per island established to ensure cross-sector collaboration, participation of the government and long-term buy-in of project principles.

11 The Plastic Collective (2018) Shruder Mk II & Program, accessed online https://www.plasticcollective.co/brochure/

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2.3 Assist the 3 target sectors to co-generate, proof of concept commercially- viable products developed from recovered plastic in fishery and tourism sectors

These solutions need to be economically viable and either used on the island itself or exported as long as it drastically reduced the recycled plastic streams. These will depend on the results of the scoping study in order to identify the needs for sector- specific engagement.

In this phase, we would assess the plastic stream that could be re-valorised within each sector to create a long-lasting product. Once we have identified the sources of commonly found plastic items, we will also pre-empt the pollution of specific items through enacting land-based, upstream procurement changes. In this phase, we would also identify the technical capacity and human resources needed for collection, transportation, separation, production and exportation envisioning job creation in the long-term.

For recyclable stream, the options are:

• Re-used or valorized locally, such as through creation of secondary products like bags or pieces of art that can be sold as part of the tourism sector;

• Exported as a raw material for recycling and re-use outside the island; or • Re-crafted as alternative products to be incorporated into the material economy

for the purposes of import substitution, or value-added and exported off the island.

Outcome 3: Development of Plastic Waste Free Island blueprint and endorsement by regional bodies

3.1 A vibrant learning and leadership network on best practice activities to minimise plastic waste leakage that includes key stakeholders from the 2 islands

Target stakeholders from government, the private sector and civil society will be incentivised to join and contribute to a learning and leadership network on enhanced plastic waste management. Target stakeholders will be identified through a stakeholder mapping process. In each target island, a national network with either be formed, or if a relevant body already exists, support will be provided to enhance its operations. The role of the network is to act as a focal group for project operations: providing input to define locally-relevant options, working in partnership to implement actions, reviewing and validating results, and disseminating evidence and lessons to a broader constituency.

3.2 A zero plastic waste blueprint is developed, informed by the project lessons and disseminated through regional bodies and international sector players (e.g. tourism operators, regional-scale fisheries or international waste management providers)

Both island governance stakeholders will meet to identify lessons learned and identify best practices for replication on other islands. This practical handbook, informed by the experience of the two pilot projects, would be disseminated at regional conferences and other international fora.

This blueprint will also consider the activity within the context of the regional marine litter action plans.

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This handbook will draw on the lessons learned from the two islands, the experience of exchange with other islands and initiatives, such as in Indonesia and through the WWF Norway project in multiple countries in SE Asia and the testing of different approaches over the course of the initiative in order to compile a handbook on how to create zero plastic waste islands, designed to run alongside regional marine litter action plans and to hit specific targets.

Contributing to the SDGs

SDG 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all • 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and

minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

o 1.5 Policy recommendations delivered to governmental bodies on policy, legislation and regulation to implement/enable best practice plastic waste leakage minimisation;

• 6.B Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management

o 2.4 Assess BAT and co-generate solutions for effective elimination of non- recyclable streams in 2 islands

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

• 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse

o 1.5 Policy recommendations delivered to governmental bodies on policy, legislation and regulation for plastic waste leakage minimisation

o 1.6 Support provided to target islands to draft and adopt policies to implement and enable best practices in plastic management and use in key sectors

o 2.3 Assist the 3 target sectors to co-generate up to 3 viable value chains to collect, recycle or reuse products from locally sourced recycled plastic streams

o 2.4 Assess best available technologies and co-generate solutions for effective elimination of non-recyclable plastic streams in 2 islands

• 12.A Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological

capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production

o 3.1 A vibrant learning and leadership network on best practice activities to minimise plastic waste leakage that includes key stakeholders from the two islands

o 3.2 A zero plastic waste island blueprint is developed, informed by the project lessons

SDG14: Life Below Water

• By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, particularly from land-based activities, including marine waste and nutrient pollution.

o 1.2 Methodology developed to calculate the leakage from different sources

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o 1.3 Input-output model for plastic waste (Plastic Footprint Calculator) is applied to each island

o 1.4 Current waste management policies and practices assessed on target islands

• By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine waste and nutrient pollution.

o 2.2. An action plan for each sector on enhanced plastic waste management is co-developed with island governments and key stakeholders

o 2.3 Assist the 3 target sectors to co-generate up to 3 viable value chains to collect, recycle or reuse products from locally sourced recycled plastic streams.

o 2.4 Assess best available technologies and co-generate solutions for effective elimination of non-recyclable plastic streams in 2 ISLANDS

Project partners, consultants, network and roles

UN - UNEP's Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, DTIE, works to deliver on environmental sustainability through technology, industry, and economic policy.

Role: DTIE will have a supporting role and provide input on SDG’s indicators in the selected ISLANDS. IUCN is presently working with UNEP developing Life Cycle Assessment indicators in marine environment.

WWF – WWF focuses on community-based management—an approach that empowers communities to take charge of ocean resources in a way that safeguards their supply, well into the future. This approach is also at the heart of their work with people who make a living from small-scale commercial or subsistence aquaculture

Role: WWF’s role is to engage with the fishing sector in selected islands and facilitate changes across the value change towards sustainable practices and marine litter avoidance.

Data-based footprint calculator bodies, such as • Shaping Environmental Action (EA)

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Annex 3 : Evaluation Criteria for the offer

Evaluation Criteria Maximum Point

General experience and technical references (20 points)

Experience in creating and promoting environmental awareness locally in plastic pollution issues

Nature and number of the projects

Presented over 3 5 points

Presented 2 to 3 3 points Less than 2 0 points

Completion date of the most recent project

Less than or equal to 3 years 10 points Over 3 years 5 points

Good knowledge and connection with the 3 targeted sectors: fisheries, tourism and waste management

Nature and number of the initiatives

Presented over 2 10 points Presented 1 or 2 5 points None 0 points

Completion date of the most recent initiative

Less than or equal to 3 years 5 points

Over 3 years 0 points

Methodology, organisation and planning (30 points)

Methodology, organisation and planning

Methodology

Methodology clearly presented and meets the terms of reference and the training‘s objectives

20 points

Methodology fairly presented and partially meets the terms of reference and the training’s objectives

5 points

Methodology not clearly presented and does not meet the terms of reference and training’s objectives

0 points

Organization and planning

A clear and well worked-out organization of the work and a realistic planning that respects the deadline

10 points

A clear enough organization of the work and a planning that respects the deadline

5 points

A poor organization of the work or a planning that does not respect the deadline

0 points

Team proposed to provide the training (20 points)

Qualification of the team

Highly qualified with relevant experiences proven 30 points

Not all the team qualified 10 points Not qualified 0 points

Financial Proposal (30 points)

Total budget

Below 50 000 10 points Aligned with the technical expectations 20 points

Not aligned with the technical expectations 0 points

Total 100 points

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