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Tourism responses to climate change: a social network approach. Marta Bystrowska (Specialist at the Ministry of Regional Development, Poland / Ma political sciences and regional development) – [email protected] - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Marta Bystrowska (Specialist at the Ministry of Regional Development, Poland / Ma political sciences and regional development) – [email protected] Hoarau-Heemstra (PhD student/ research fellow University of Nordland) – [email protected] Wigger (Managing director at Magic Ice AS; Student of Circumpolar studies at the University of Nordland) – [email protected]
Tourism responses to climate change: a social network approach
Outline presentation
• Introduction• Theoretical frame• Methodology• Findings• Discussion
Introduction
• Climate change in the Arctic & consequences for tourism on Svalbard
• Innovation as tool for adaptation to changes in the social and natural environment
• Network & system approach to innovation in tourism
Research questionHow is climate change perceived in Svalbard´s tourism
network and how do experience-based companies adapt their products, processes or organization
accordingly?
Contribution
• Arctic cases function as ´canary in the coalmine´ for understanding the impact of climate change on tourism destinations
• Empirical evidence of how network characteristics influence innovation processes in order to adapt to external uncertainties like climate change
• Understanding the impacts of climate on innovative behavior of the tourism industry is relevant for other destinations as well
Theoretical framework
Climate change & tourism
Innovation as responsive initiative
Tourism innovation &
networksTF 1 TF 2 TF 3
TF1: Climate change & tourism
• Climate sensitive & weather dependent tourism
• Mitigation & Adaptation
TF2: innovation
• Innovation as the process of making changes, large and small, radical and incremental, to products, processes, and services that results in the introduction of something new for the organization that adds value to customers and contributes to the knowledge store of the organization.
• Innovation types: product, process, organizational and marketing
• Innovation as strategic reflexive response to the environment interpretation and sense-making occur before action & behaviour
TF3: Innovation as responsive initiative
• Bansal & Roth (2000): model of ecological responsiveness
• Contextual factors & motivations for change– Ecological context– Organizational field context– Individual context
A c i rcu lar understanding of respons ive innovativeness
TF4: Tourism innovation & networks
• relation between cooperation in networks and innovation
• Sharing of knowledge between actors in a network seems to be the main link between network cooperation and innovation.
• network structure influences knowledge sharing between actors
Network elements
• Social network analysis– Survey– Quantitative network analysis– SNA software UCINET 6 version 6.375.
• Qualitative case study tourism destination Svalbard– Semi structured interviews (6 recorded & transcribed)– Informal meetings– Participant observations March/April 2012– Document analysis
Methodology
Findings & discussion
• Case description Svalbard• Svalbard´s tourism destination network• Attitudes towards climate change• Climate change responsiveness– We understand responses with the impacts the different
contexts have on tourism actors.
Network architecture
Dense, coherent and homogeneous network
Conclusions
• Tourism actors on Svalbard know, depend on and trust each other but new, external knowledge is hardly absorbed
• The ecological and organizational field context of Svalbard do not seem to favor a response to CC
• Accurate knowledge about Arctic CC & adaptive innovations are mainly lacking
• Organize tourism destination actors in formal networks to increase their resilience to climate change
The End….
Thank you for your attention!
Questions & suggestions are welcome
Marta, Karin & Hin