Tourism Mrktg Project

CHAPTER 1

TOURISMTourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals.Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts.

DEFINITION:One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region.In 1981 International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined Tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment. The United Nations classified three forms of tourism in 1994 in its Recommendations on Tourism Statistics: Domestic tourism, which involves residents of the given country travelling only within this country; Inbound tourism, involving non-residents traveling in the country; Outbound tourism, involving traveling in another country.The UN also derived different categories of tourism by combining the 3 basic forms of tourism: International tourism, which comprise domestic tourism and inbound tourism; National tourism, which comprise domestic tourism and outbound tourism; and International tourism, which consists of inbound tourism and outbound tourism.Intra bound tourism is termed by the Korea Tourism Organization and widely accepted in Korea. Intrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in that the former encompasses policy-making and implementation of national tourism policies.Recently, the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of inbound tourism to the promotion of Intrabound tourism because many countries are experiencing though competition for inbound tourist. Some national policymakers have shifted their priority to the promotion of Intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy. Examples of such campaigns include See America in the United States, Get Going Canada in Canada, and Guseok Guseok(corner to corner) in South Korea.Before people are able to experience tourism they usually need disposable income (i.e. money to spend on non-essentials); time off from work or other responsibilities; leisure time tourism infrastructure, such as transport and accommodation; and legal clearance to travel.Individually, sufficient health is also a condition, and of course the inclination to travel. In some countries there are legal restrictions on travelling, especially abroad. Certain states with strong governmental control over the lives of citizens (notably established Communist states) may restrict foreign travel only to trustworthy citizens. The United States prohibits its citizens from travelling to some countries.

CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM: Recreational tourism:In the recreational tourism, the tourist spent their leisure hour at the hill stations, sea beaches etc. such type of tourism provides an opportunity to the tourist to get away from day to day humdrum bad refresh their mind and energy.

Adventure Tourism:Adventure tourism is a type of niche tourism involving exploration or travel to remote areas, where the traveler should expect the unexpected. Adventure tourism is rapidly growing in popularity as tourists seek unusual holidays, different from the typical beach vacation. Adventure tourism typically involves traveling into remote, inaccessible and possibly hostile areas. It may include the performance of acts that require significant effort and grit and may also involve some degree of risk.

Health tourism:Health tourism has always existed, but it was not until the eighteenth century that it became important. In England, it was associated with spas, places with supposedly health-giving mineral waters, treating diseases from gout to liver disorders and bronchitis. The most popular resorts were Bath, Cheltenham, Buxton, Harrogate, and Turnbridge Wells. Visits to take the waters also allowed the visitors to attend balls and other entertainments. Continental Spas such as Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary) attracted many fashionable travelers by the nineteenth century. Ecological tourism:One of the most promising types of tourism all over the world is ecologic tourism. This type of tourism lets people gain power and energy in the course of communicating with nature and watching it. Besides, it stimulates environment protection thus making this type of tourism profitable for local population. UNESCO list of worlds legacy includes five natural objects from Russia: virginal forests of Komi, the Baikal Lake, volcanoes of Kamchatka, golden mountains of Altai and western Caucasus. It is ecologic tourism that could contribute to environment protection, increasing the employment rate and social and economic development. Apart from these places, there are many other places in Russia that could be attractive for ecologic tourists.

Niche tourism:Physical activity or sports oriented niche tourism includes adventure tourism such as mountaineering and hiking (tramping); Backpacker Tourism; Sport travel to do skiing, golf and scuba dri9ving or see a sports event (e.g., FIFA World Cup); and extreme tourism for people interested in risky activities. Learning-oriented niche tourism includes audio tourism and audio walking tours; bookstore tourism, in which travelers visit independent bookstores; creative tourism workshops; educational tourism for classes; ancestry tourism, to visit birth places; hobby tourism (such as garden tours, amateur radio DX-peditions, or square dance cruises) The cultural sub-type of learning-oriented niche tourism focuses on cultural and arts activities, including cultural tourism, music tourism, and heritage tourism. The nature and environment-oriented sub-types include Coastal Tourism; Ecotourism (e.g. sustainable tourism in Rainforests or national parks); Garden tourism; and Rural Tourism such as Agritourism.Lifestyle-oriented niche tourism include Gay tourism; Gourmet tourism; Wine tourism; Health tourism; Medical tourism; Inclusive tourism (or Accessible Tourism) for people with disabilities; Mystical (e.g., involving Meditation, yoga, and rituals).TOURISM MARKETING:Tourism marketing is the systematic and coordinated execution of business policy by either tour operators or tourist organizations to achieve optional satisfaction of needs, wants, demands of identifiable consumer groups and in meeting the demands, to achieve reasonable returns. It is an integrated efforts by tour organizations to optimize the satisfaction of tourist groups and individuals. Data on tourist needs, demand; data on tourist places mostly preferred through marketing research. The tourism marketing communicates the tour content to the tourist through advertising and promotion. be Ideas,

Earlier it was mentioned that a product can goals, or services. Since tourism is primarily a service based industry, the principal products provided by tourism businesses are recreational experiences and hospitality. These are intangible products and are more difficult to market than tangible products such as automobiles. The intangible nature of services makes quality control difficult but crucial. It also makes it more difficult for potential customers to evaluate and compare service offerings. In addition, instead of moving the product to the customer, the customer must travel to the product area/community). Travel is a significant portion of the time and money spent in association with recreational and tourism experiences and is a major factor in peoples decisions on whether or not to visit your business or community.

As an industry, tourism has many components comprising the overall travel experience. Along with transportation, it includes such things as accommodations, food and beverage services, shops, entertainment, aesthetics and special events. It is rare for one business to provide the variety of activities or facilities tourists need or desire. This adds to the difficulty of maintaining and controlling the quality of the experience. To overcome this hurdle, tourism related businesses, agencies, and organizations need to work together to package and promote tourism opportunities in their areas and align their efforts to assure consistency in product quality.

Why tourism needs marketed?Gone those days when tourist can accept your tour program, food etc. If a tour organization is practice; it may be survive in 21st century. In fact tourist needs to be understood and accordingly tour to be planned. Thus the marketing is practiced to understand what is the demand by tourist and how to supply it. With such types of process the organization will able to project bright image in tourist world.

Significance of tourism marketing:

It helps in identifying the tourists behaviors, which in turn helps the organization in getting its objective, also makes possible workable information system, helps in overcoming competitions, simplifies the task of marketing planning, product development, also it eases formulating prices and marketing communicating efforts.In global, nearly 16 countries contribute70% of business France, US, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Hongkong, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Switzerland, Thailand, Canada, Greece, Asia.

ABOUT THE TITLE:TITLE OF THE STUDY:

The present study is titled as A STUDY ON TOURISM MARKETING.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

1) To study about the working of tour agencies in INDIA.2) To study the level of operations.

3) To study how they promote their tourism activities.

4) To study the success in promoting the tourism.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The area of our research is to study how tourism in INDIA is operating, how the tourism activities are promoted and how the tourism culture is.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

The study has been made on a sample and hence it may not be very representative in nature.

DATA COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY:PRIMARY DATA:

A questionnaire was prepared for getting the view of tourism activities and their promotion in INDIA. For this Tours & Travel Agencies were visited. The survey was conducted in DOMBIVLI.

SECONDARY DATA:

Secondary data was collected from Books and Internet. CHAPTER 2

TOURISM MARKETING PLAN:

One of the most important steps a business or community can take to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their marketing efforts is to develop a written marketing plan. This plan will guide their marketing decisions and assist them in allocating marketing resources such as money and personnel time. The plan should include:

(1) The overall business objectives-what they want to accomplish;

(2) An assessment of the market environment-what factors may affect their marketing efforts;

(3) A business/community profile-what resource are available,(4) Market identification (segmentation)-the specific groups or clientele most interested in their product;

(5) The marketing objectives for each segment;

(6) The marketing strategies (or mixes)for different markets a travel agency target-the best combination of the 4 Ps (product, price, place, promotion) for each segment;

(7) An implementation planhow to make it work;

(8) The marketing budget-how much they have to spend; and

(9) A method for evaluation and change.

MARKETING MIX:

A firm takes the support of numerous marketing instruments with regards to its product, pricing, distribution and promotion. The formulation of the mix is vital for its role in helping managers to conceive right ideas regarding the switching on of the marketing action, particularly to raise the acceptability of the product by creating and penetrating demand.The marketing strategy, or mix, should be viewed as a package of offerings designed to attract and serve the customer or visitor. Recreation and tourism businesses and communities should develop both external and internal marketing mixes for different target markets.Framing of the proper marketing mix is significant because it helps the tourist organization in accomplishing the objective and projecting a faire image. (Fig 2.1) A) EXTERNAL MIX:The external marketing mix includes product/service, price, place/location, and promotion.

1. Product :The principal products that recreation and tourism businesses provide are recreational experiences and hospitality. The factors that create a quality recreational experience often differ among people. Decisions on what facilities, programs and services to provide should be based on the needs and desires of the target market(s).Recognize that a recreational/tourism experience includes five elements: trip planning and anticipation; travel to the site/area; the experience at the site; travel back home; and recollection. Businesses should look for ways to enhance the quality of the overall experience during all phases of the trip. This could be accomplished by providing trip planning packages which include maps, attractions on route and on site, and information regarding lodging, food and quality souvenirs and mementos.Tourism businesses should also view their service/product in generic terms. Thinking of products/services in this manner helps focus more attention on the experiences desired by customers and also the facilities, programs and services that will produce those experiences. For example, campgrounds are the business of providing recreational lodging not just campsites to park an RV or set up a tent. Marians should provide recreational boating experiences, not just slippage.

Tourism Products:1. Accommodation:

Unclassified

One star

Four star

Five star

2. Destination:

Natural Scenes

Historical Excellence

Artificial Beauties

Social Cultural Excellence

3. Transportation:

Airways

Railways

Roadways

Waterways

4. Tour operators:

Travel companies

Travel agents

Guides

5. Shopping:

Handicrafts

Handloom

Book

2. Place:Too many tourism businesses and communities fail to recognize their role in improving travel to and from their areas. They focus instead on servicing the customer once they arrive at the site/community. A bad experience getting to or leaving a TOURISM site can adversely affect a persons travel experience. Ways to help prevent this include:(1)Providing directions and maps:

(2)Providing estimates of travel time and distances from different market areas;

(3)Recommending direct and scenic travel routes;

(4)Identifying attractions and support facilities along different travel routes; and

(5)Informing potential customers of alternative travel methods to the area such as airlines and railroads.

3. Pricing:

Price is one of the most important and visible elements of the marketing mix. When setting prices it is important to take into consideration all of the following:

(1) business and target market objectives;

(2) the full cost of producing, delivering and promoting the product;

(3) the willingness of the target market to pay for the product or service you provide;

(4) prices charged by competitors offering a similar product/service to the same target market(s);

(5) the availability and prices of substitute product/services(for example, campgrounds, motels, and bed and breakfast are all substitutes for lodging);

(6) the economic climate (local and national);and

(7) the possibility of stimulating high profit product/services (such as boats) by offering related services (such as maintenance) at or below cost.

When establishing prices, tourism businesses should give attention to pricing strategies which may encourage off season and non-peak period sales, longer stays, group business, and the sale of package (combination of room, meals, and recreational facilities).

4. Promotion:Promotion provides target audiences with accurate and timely information to help them decide whether to visit your community or business. The information should be of importance and practical use to the potential or existing visitor and also accurate. Misrepresentation often leads to dissatisfied customers and poor recommendations. Dont make claims you cannot live up to.

Developing a promotional campaign is not a science with hard and fast rules. Making decisions regarding which type or combination of promotion types to use (personal selling, advertising, sales promotions, or publicity) is not always easy. If, however, you follow a logical process and do the necessary research, chances for success will be improved. It will be necessary to make decisions regarding:

(1) Target audience---the group you are aiming at;

(2) Image---that which your community or business wants to create or reinforce;

(3) Objectives---those of the promotional campaign;

(4) Budget---the amount of money available for your promotion;

(5) Timing---when and how often should your promotions appear;

(6) Media---which methods (television, radio, newspaper, magazine) will most effectively and efficiently communicate your message to the target audience; and

(7) Evaluation---how can the effectiveness of the promotional campaign be determined.

5. Process:There are many different types of processes involved in running a tourism business, for example, administration, training, planning, and strategizing, recruitment, purchasing, distribution and service delivery. It is important to ensure that these processes are planned and carried out properly so that operations run smoothly and problems are rectified quickly.For example, a hotel needs a efficient front and back office communications to ensure high quality service and experience without inconvenience for the customer.

A great deal of attention needs to be paid to processes in services-oriented businesses. Dealing with staff turnover, sick leave, suppliers and distribution channels all have an impact on how the service is delivered. Implementing clear procedures will ensure that the best possible service is delivered at all times.

6. People:

The people who sell the product and service your product are an extremely important part of tourism marketing. Friendly personal service and trained employees can make or break a tourism business. Because much of tourism industry is based upon word of mouth advertising- particularly about the service received- what their customers say after they depart can trust your business forward or send it into a downward spiral. It is extremely important to ensure that all staff dealing with customers carries out excellent service delivery at all times. Staff professionalism can be boosted and grown through solid training and employee reward systems.

Service invariably involves front line people and it is here that a tourism offering can really can do well or fail miserably.

7. Physical Evidence:

The physical evidence of a tourism product refers to a range of more tangible attributes of the operations. Tangibalising the product is a good way of giving positive or attractive hints or cues to potential customers with regard to the quality of the product.

For example, if you run a shuttle service then it are important to ensure that your vehicles are spotlessly clean at all times. Elements such as quality and attractiveness of decor, effective layout of establishment, surroundings and quality of promotional material are all important.

B) INTERNAL MIX:As stated, marketing services such as recreation and tourism differ from marketing tangible products. Recreation and tourism businesses must direct as much attention at marketing to customers on site as they do not attracting them. In this respect, internal marketing is important.

The success of internal marketing is dependent on creating an atmosphere in which employees desire to give good service and sell the business/community to visitors. To create such an atmosphere requires the following four important elements:

(1) Hospitality and Guest Relations:-

An organization wide emphasis on hospitality and guest relations, including a customer oriented attitude on the part of the owners and managers as well as the employees. If the owner/manager is not customer sensitive, it is unlikely the lower paid employees will be.

(2) Quality Control:-

A program which focuses on improving both the technical quality and the functional quality. All employees who come into contact with customers should receive hospitality training.

(3) Personal Selling:- Training the staff in the selling aspects of the business or community. This also includes rewarding them for their efforts. By being informed about the marketing objectives, and their role in accomplishing those objectives, they can help increase sales.(4) Employee Morale:-

Programs and incentives aimed at maintaining employee morale. The incentives can be both monetary and non-monetary. A customer oriented atmosphere usually results in customers that are more satisfied, do less complaining and are more pleasant to serve. This helps build employee morale, their desire to provide good service and their efficiency.

Pricing Tourism Products & Services:

In general, tourism businesses appear to be in a highly competitive industry with limited flexibility to set prices. Either they sell at or below the established market price or see a rapid drop in sales. Establishing a firms price under such circumstances is straightforward, although not always simple. All one needs to do is to identify what the competition is charging and price ones own product comparably.

Despite this apparent lack of flexibility, however, the uniqueness of tourism/recreation goods and services actually enables producers to establish prices. This uniqueness stems from a number of product attributes, including: business location, its natural environment, the types of facilities offerred, the personal relationships that management and staff develop with customers, and real and perceived differences in the quality of the firms products.

Because most tourism businesses have at least some flexibility to establish prices, this bulletin will address the key factors that should be considered in making pricing decisions. Keep in mind, however, that the same uniqueness which provides pricing flexibility also precludes development of a universally applicable formula for guiding pricing decisions. Furthermore, the goals of businesses in this industry vary widely and, because price is a major tool for achieving a businesss goals, identical businesses under identical circumstances may logically establish different prices.While it is not possible to prescribe a single formula for all price-setting decisions, it is possible to identify the primary components of a sound pricing strategy. These ingredients can be found in textbooks and by observing business pricing practices. Both sources are drawn upon here to provide you with the ingredients to make sound pricing decisions. Ultimately, you must fit them to your business goals and circumstances to arrive at the best prices for your products.

Tourism Promotion Management

Tourism Advertising:

Advertising, in a true sense, is a communication link between the seller and the buyer or the consumer. It is an active attempt at influencing people to action by an overt appeal to reason or emotion. Advertising as a part of the total marketing mix influences the sale of the product. Advertising should be complementary to personal selling, an important marketing tool concerned with communication. Thus advertising is a potent tool of marketing and a component of overall promotion activities.

Categorically, for tourism, the advertising is aimed at the public to create awareness of the travel offers available, or a resort and its attractions to influence their business decisions. The media available for advertising are newspapers (national, regional, local, weekly and Sunday editions), Technical press (technical magazines and newspapers), magazines (general, womens magazine and special interest, e.g., recreation, hobbies, furnishing etc.), commercial television, commercial radio, poster sites (out doors generally at transport termini), cinema and theatres (program and displays during intervals) and direct mail.

Advertising in tourism essentially follows the AIDA principles of attracting attention (advertisements are placed on TV), creating awareness or interest by an invitation to receive information, specially prepared to transform curiosity into readiness), fostering desire (by a combination of public relations activity surrounding the prospects for the launching of product and inspiring action (by sending application forms or publishing them in newspapers).

DISTRIBUTION:In the tourism industry, the distribution is concerned with transmission of information about the products to the interested persons. As and when the booking is made, the confirmation becomes essential.It is essential that tourism organizations attempt to simplify and rationalize the distribution systems. A number of factors influencing the distribution policy, such as the location of points-of sale, the cost of distribution, effectiveness if the marketing efforts, the image of the tourist organization and tourist motivating regarding the products.

A) The Marketing Channel In Tourism Industry:

Marketing channels are the distribution networks through which products flow to market. Of course, the middlemen constitute the building blocks that producers seek to link together into marketing channels to bridge over the gap between themselves and the target market. Very often, the available middlemen dictate the marketing channels. In a true sense, the distribution is a major marketing decision area in which marketing channel is found important. In any marketing channel, the producer is the first in the succession of the enterprises involved in the distribution prices. More formally defined, a marketing channel or channel of distribution is path traced in the direct andIndirect transfer of ownership to a product moving from producers to ultimate consumers. In the tourism industry, the marketing channel describes the methods by which a service is distributed from its manufacturing source to its eventual consumers.

B) The chain of distribution:

The term chain of distribution donates the methods by which a product or service is distributed from producers to the consumers. The middlemen are the link is strong: the producers succeed in raining the tourists influx. The middlemen are wholesales, buying tourism products in bulk and then making then available to the retailers, e.g. the travel agents. The retailers are the travel agents. The tour operators buy a range of tourism products in bulk, viz. airline seats hotel accommodation, and coach transfers tec. They package the tourist products and sale either to travel agents or direct to the tourists.The travel agents buy travel services at the request of their clients and provide a convenient network of sale outlets catering to the needs of a local catchments area. In figure, we find the chain of distribution or the channel of distribution for the tourism products. e.g. from producer to the tourists direct, from producers to retailers and the tourists.The distribution chain is shown below: b) TOURISM INDUSTRY AND MIDDLEMEN: (Fig 2.2)

1) TOUR OPERATORS ARE WHOLESALERS IN TOURISM INDUSTRY: (Fig 2.3)

2) TRANSPORT SERVICE MIDDLEMEN: (Fig 2.4)

3) ACCOMODATION: (Fig 2.5)

MARKET SEGMENTATION

Tourism businesses and communities often make the mistake of attempting to be all things to all people. It is difficult, and risky, to develop marketing strategies for the mass market. Strategies designed for the average customer often results in unappealing products, prices, and promotional messages. For example, it would be difficult to develop a campground that would be equally attractive to recreational vehicle campers and backpackers or promote a property to serve both snowmobilers and nature oriented cross country skiers.

Marketing is strongly based on market segmentation and target marketing. Market segmentation is the process of:

(1) taking existing and/or potential customers/visitors(market) and categorizing them into groups with similar preferences referred to as market segments;

(2) selection the most promising segments as target markets; and

(3) designing marketing mixes, or strategies (combination of the 4 Ps), which satisfy the special needs, desires and behavior of the target markets.

There is no unique or best way to segment markets, but ways in which customers can be grouped are:

(1) location of residence---instate, out-of-state, local;

(2) demographics---age, income, family status, education;

(3) equipment ownership/use---RVs, sailboats, canoes, tents, snowmobiles;

(4) important product attribute---price, quality, quantity; and

(5) lifestyle attributes---activities, interests, opinions.To be useful, the segment identification process should result in segments that suggest marketing efforts that will be effective in attracting them and at least one segment large enough to justify specialized marketing efforts.

After segments have been identified, the business or community must select the target markets, those segments which offer them the greatest opportunity. When determining target markets, consideration should be given to:

(1) existing and future sales potential of each segment;

(2) the amount and strength of competition for each segment;

(3) the ability to offer a marketing mix which will be successful in attracting each segment;

(4) the cost of servicing each segment; and

(5) each segments contribution to accomplishing overall business/community objectives.

It is often wiser to target smaller segments that are presently not being served, or served inadequately, than to go after larger segments for which there is a great deal of competition.

MARKETING OBJECTIVES FOR EACH SEGMENT:Marketing objectives which contribute to the accomplishment of overall business objectives should be established for each target market. Objectives serve a number of functions including:

(1) guidance for developing marketing mixes for different target markets;

(2) information for allocating the marketing budget between target markets;

(3) a basis for objectively evaluating the effectiveness of the marketing mixes (setting standards); and

(4) a framework for integrating the different marketing mixes into the overall marketing plan.

The target market objective should:

(1) be expressed in quantitative terms;

(2) be measureable;

(3) specify the target market; and

(4) indicate the time period in which the objective is to be accomplished.

For example, increase the number of overnight stays by people from the Chicago market over the next two by five percent.

Remember, rank objectives by priority and carefully evaluate them to ensure that they are reasonable given the strength of the competition and resources available for marketing.

Product & Service Trends:

Hotel rooms, increasing equipped as offices with full-size desks, computers and advanced communications technologies, will minimize the need for business centers.

Expansion of Europes high-sped train network will eliminate short haul flights.

Hub airport will install capsule-cocoon hotels in terminal facilities.

Hotel and restaurant facilities will be designed for an aging population with lower rise steps, more handrails and wider doors.

Travel guidebooks will become highly specialized and more frequently consulted-primarily on the web.

100% Satisfaction Guaranteed will replace Let the Buyer Beware.

Growth in demand for home food delivery outpace all other food service segments.

A new wave of budget conference & exhibition hotels will be built to meet the convention needs of cost conscious companies.

Center-city urban resorts will challenge sun, sand & sea vacation villagers in the leisure market.

Credit card check-in/check-out, F&B vending machines, self-cleaning bathrooms and self-serve laundries will eliminate most human contact in budget hotels.

Luxury resorts that once shunned children will welcome them with an expanded array activities and tailored dining options.

Tourism Marketing Trends:

The Internet will become the dominant distribution channel for all travel and tourism products eliminating most intermediaries.

Understanding customers as people- their likes, dislikes, habits, interest and hobbies- will become critical to establishing competitive advantage in hospitality marketing.

Customer retention will replace customer acquisition as travel agencies strategic objective.

Homogenization of airlines services will render them commodities while lodging products will continue to focus on differentiation.

Print media advertising will move onto the web.

Increasingly value-conscious customers will demand more and better product information.

Consumers will increasingly expect to negotiate hotel and airline rates Cross-sector strategic alliances between food service lodging, travel and entertainments companies will prove to be effective marketing formats.

As marketers increasingly distinguish between loyalty and satisfaction, frequent use programs will become more elaborate.

Hotel revenue management systems will become more sophisticated and be relocated from the reservations department to sales & marketing.

CHAPTER 3

TOURISM : INDIA

INTRODUCTION:

India is one of the popular tourist destinations Asia. Bounded by the Himalayan ranges in the north, and surrounded on three sides by water( the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean), with a long history and diverse culture, India offers a wide array of places to see and things to do. In 2004, foreign tourists visiting India spent US$ 15.4 billion- the world India is also ranked among the top 3 adventure tourism destinations. The Travel and Tourism industry holds tremendous potential for Indias economy. It can provide impetus to other industries, create millions of new jobs and generate enough wealth to help pay off the international debt. That is why we have included Tourism amongst the Core Sectors of the Indian Economy.

Tourism is now well recognized as a major growth engine. Several countries have transformed their economies by developing their tourism potential. Tourism has great capacity to create large-scale employment- from the most specialized to the unskilled.

The Indian economy is undergoing a major transformation. With an annual growth of eight percent, India has become the second most favored destination for foreign direct investment. As an economic activity in the service sector, tourism also has enormous potential for contributing to economic growth.

Tourism has the potential to change the economic face of a region. Promotion of tourism would bring many direct and indirect benefits to the people. Some of the direct benefits accruing to the local community of a region as a result of tourism development are:

Employment opportunities in tourism and hospitality sector

Development of private enterprise

Improved standard of living

Social upliftment and improved quality of life

Better education and training

Sustainable environmental practices

Foreign exchange earningSome of the indirect benefits accruing to the local community of a region as a result of tourism development are:

Infrastructure development-power, water, sanitation, hospitals, roads, etc.

Market for local produce

Employment in infrastructure sector

Economic upliftment due to income multiplier effect.

PROFILE OF TOURISM IN INDIA:

Incredible India:India is probably the only country that offers various categories of tourism. These include history tourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism (ayurveda and other forms of Indian medications), spiritual tourism, beach tourism (India has the longest coastline in the East) etc.

Explore India- choose the locales of your choice, and see what each state has to offer. Lose yourself in the wonder that is India. Meander through lands steeped in chivalry and pageantry that begin before recorded history. Explore modern cities that have the roots of a multi-hued past. Make a pilgrimage to holy shrines that echo with tales of antiquity. Frolic on a vast array of golden beaches that dot an enviable coastline, washed by two seas and an ocean. Sport with adventure in style. Let the jungle lure you to a fascinating world at a diverse array of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks this is wonder that is India.

GrowthThe growth of tourism in India, has been rapid in the last five years despite a late start. Tourist arrivals have gone up by more than 25% and foreign exchange earnings has jumped by 40%. The World Travel & Tourism Council has rated India as one of the five fastest growing tourism economies in the world. The survey conducted by Lonely Planet has also supported this view. The rich heritage, trade, culture, history and growing economy have become major attractions for the tourists. The survey conducted by Conde Nast Traveller came out with the findings that India is preferred to many other tourist destinations like France, Singapore and Switzerland.

India on the World Map

The Indian tourism industry has not had it so good since the early 1990s. With global recession seeming to have waned decisively, Indian economy growing at around 7% per annum and rise in disposable incomes of Indians, an increasing number of people are going on holiday trips within the country and abroad resulting in the tourism industry growing wings.

It is fast turning into a volume game where an ever-burgeoning number of participants are pushing up revenues of industry players (hotels, tour operators, airlines, shipping lines. etc.) Thus, the tourism sector is expected to perform very well in future and the industry offers an interesting investment opportunity for long-term investors.

Despite the numerous problems, tourism industry was the second-largest foreign exchange earner for the country during the year ended March 2003. During 2002, 2.2 million foreigners visited India. Foreign tourist in-flow has risen 20% this year.

India : An Idea whos time has come

Indias economic reforms have given a big push to tourism sector. Tourism is today projected as an engine of economic growth and an instrument for eliminating poverty, solving unemployment problem, opening up new fields of activity and the uplifted of women. New opportunities are being tapped to promote eco, adventure, rural, postage, wildlife and health and herbal including medical tourism. The subcontinent to whose splendor, diversity and world-class facilities the world has finally woken up to. Away from threats, untouched by SARS and politically stable India is the flavor of the season. Take a fresh look at her flourishing economy (double digit growth in third quarter of 2003- 2004), geographically strategic location, faith fortified by major software firms to make it a global backup hub for software the staggering figure of over 366 national/international level expos and about 100 congress already scheduled for leap year 2004 (of which over 50 in January alone), her forex reserves, her rising Sensex, rapidly growing consumer markets, presence of worlds finest and choicest brands and the exceptional growth in interest from FIIs, to understand why India offers a feel good factor. Truly, India is one of the most exciting emerging markets in the world. The booming tourism industry:The year 2004-05 saw tourism emerging as one of the major sectors for growth of Indian economy, the foreign exchange earnings increased from Rs. 16,429 crore to 21,828 crore up to December.Similarly in the last year, tourism industry registered a growth rate of 17.3% in foreign tourist arrivals, which has been the highest in last 10 years. Foreign exchange earnings grew at an even higher rate 30.2%.Indias tourism industry is thriving due to an increase in foreign tourist arrivals and greater than before travel by Indians to domestic and abroad destinations. The visitors are pouring in from all over the world: Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia and Australia. At the same time, the number of Indians traveling has also increased. Some tourists come from Middle East countries to witness the drenching monsoon rains in India, a phenomenon never seen in desert climates.Domestic tourists are also fueling the industrys revival. Many of them escape from the summer heat on the plains to resorts in the Himalayan Mountains. One of the major beneficiaries this year is Kashmir, where a ceasefire between India and Paksitan has reduced violence, if not completely, at least enough to help revive the states sagging tourism industry.Among the most favored tourist destinations in India, Kerala for its scenic beauty, Agra for TajMahal, Khujarao for its sculptures and temples, Goa for its beaches and some pilgrimages are the most important.The disastrous tsunami didnt affect Indias tourism industry, as tourist arrivals in India rose 23.5 percent in Dec 2004 and tourist arrivals crossed 3 million mark for the first time in 2004. The disaster was expected to have a negative Impact on Indias tourism in terms of large-scale cancellations of tourist to India but nothing of that sort was seen.

TOURISM POTENTIALS OF INDIA:

India has significant potential for becoming a major global tourist destination. The country witnessed foreign tourist arrivals of 2.75 million in 2001.

Travel and tourism is second highest foreign exchange earner for India, and the government has given organizations is this industry export house status. There is considerable government presence in the travel and tourism industry. Each state has a tourism corporation, which typically runs a chain of hotels / motels and operates package tours, while the central government runs the India Tourism Development Corporation. Incoming foreign tourist arrivals have shown a 6% compounded annual growth rate over the last 10 years. The government has realized the potential and has advanced several incentives to promote infrastructure growth in the tourism sector.

Current investments are likely to see hotel room capacity increase by 20 % over the next three years, with several international hotel chains entering the hotel industry. Similar growth is anticipated in air travel capacity. TOURISM STATISTICS:Foreign Tourist Arrival in India During 2008 and Corresponding Figures For 2006 & 2007

FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVAL

(Nos.)PERCENTAGE

CHANGE

MONTH2006*2007*2008#2007/062008/07

January45948953563159133716.610.4

February43909050169256139314.311.9

March39100947249454147820.814.6

April30920835055038420313.49.6

May2550082770173008408.68.6

June27837031036434015911.59.6

July33733239986642945618.57.4

August30438735844639142317.89.2

September2978913018923308741.39.6

October39139944456445256613.61.8

November44241353242852124720.3-2.1

December54157159656052199010.2-12.5

TOTAL44471675081504536696614.35.6

Foreign Exchange Earnings (in Rs. Crore) During 2008 and Curresponding Figures For 2006 &2007

FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS (IN RS. CRORES)PERCENTAGE CHANGE

MONTH

2006*2007*2008#2007/062008/07

January

39704698543818.315.8

February

37934401518216.017.7

March

33784144503522.721.5

April

28503218377312.917.2

May

2350254329888.217.5

June

25662849340911.019.7

July

29903436387014.912.6

August

26983080362614.217.7

September

264025943143-1.721.2

October

33553785424812.812.2

November

37934533493519.58.9

December

4642507950839.40.1

TOTAL

39025443605073013.714.4

STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE MARKETING:The competition for travelers from the source markets, identified for India, is fierce, and effectively complete in these markets, India will have to shift its currant tradition marketing approach to one of that is more aggressive and competitive. In this context, India will have to use an array of marketing tools and strategies to:- The differentiate itself from the completing destinations, including developing of unique market position, image and brand that can not held by the competitors;

Undertake an extensive qualitative and quantitative market research programs in the target source markets;

Identify and assemble the highly attractive productive tailored to the interest of each source market, and develop and implement on going cost effective promotion programs in each source market in partnership with the state and private sector industry in India and source market. Of special importance is the formulation and implementation of village tourism program that would be primarily targeted at the domestic urban market in India but which could also attract the International market;

Establish an effective and on going market representation presence with the travel in each source market;

Establish an internet portal for the various languages to service the information, product description. And product sales requirements of the target market segments in each source market, and to connect these directly with the preferred supplier

SWOT ANALYSIS:The tourism sectors contribute to the national development priorities and strategies has so far been relatively limited. A review of the sectors competitive strengths and weakness, opportunities and treats indicates that it has considerable growth potentials. The main results of the analysis are:- Competitive strength:

Indias great competitive strength from the tourism point of view is its ancient and yet living civilization that gave rise to fore of the worlds great religious and philosophies, and brought travelers and trade millennia ago. The rich natural and rural landscape of the India is punctuated with the built heritage of its ancient past and more modern structure of the present and its hope for the future. Indias contacts with the other civilization is reflected in the rich cultural diversity of its people through its languages, cuisine, traditions, customs, music, dance, religious practices and festivals, its holist healing traditions, art and craft.

Weaknesses:

Lack if major city experiences

Weather, especially compared to overseas sun destinations

Cost comparison to overseas sun destinations

Transport infrastructure

Staff skills

Traffic congestion

Lack of warmth of local communities

Opportunities:

The competitive opportunities are:

Leverage the huge potential of its domestic population to develop rural tourism

Leverage of strength as one of the world ancient civilization in the contest of its rich and diverse natural heritage to increase its share of the huge international travel market, especially the fast growing long haul segment of this market,

Leverage Indias strength as one of the worlds largest economies for business, meetings, convention, incentives, events, and exhibition based tourism.

Threats:

The main internal threats to the development in the tourism sector are security, safety and health situation; failing to involve communities in decision making process for tourism development; and the failure to adopt and implement sustainable development and management principals and practices at tourism site, especially in the rural and natural areas of the country. Growth will mean increase in low quality, seasonal jobs

Growth will bring more visitors to parts of the region already up to capacity

Lose support of local communities as they suffer from more traffic and environmental damage

Competition from other areas is growing stronger1) LEVEL AT WHICH THE TOURS AGENCIES WORK:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.1)From the above graph, we find that 50% of the Tours & Travel agencies operate at the Local level, 30% at the National & International level and 20% at the National level.

2) MODE OF TRANSPORT THROUGH WHICH TOUR ACTIVITIES ARE CONDUCTED:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.2)From the above graph, we find that 50% of the Tours & Travel agencies operate through Air, Rail, & Roadways, 30% through Roadways, and 10% each through Waterways.3) TOUR DESTINATIONS:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.3)From the above graph, we find that 70% of the Tours & Travel agencies have their Tour Destinations at All the Places, while 30% of them have their Tour Destinations at Natural Scenes only.4) PERIOD OF ADVERTISEMENT:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.4)From the above graph, we find that 70% of the Tours & Travel agencies advertise Seasonally, 20% Monthly and 10% advertise Regularly.5) MEDIUM OF ADVERTISING TOURISM ACTIVITIES:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.5)From the above graph, we find that 70% of the Tours & Travel agencies advertise their tourism activities through Pamphlets, 20% through Media & Pamphlets and 10% through Media.6) MODE OF SALES DISTRIBUTION:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.6)From the above graph, we find that 50% of the Tours & Travel agencies have their Sales Distribution through Direct Sales, 30% through both Direct Sales & Travel Agents and 20% through Travel Agents.7) WAY IN WHICH RESERVATIONS ARE MADE FOR TICKETS:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.7)From the above graph, we find that 50% of the Tours & Travel agencies provide the reservations to the tourists through Office, Online & Telephone, 30% through Office & Telephone and 20% through Office & Online.8)MANAGING TOURIST INFORMATION SYSTEM:

ANALYSIS: (Fig4.8)From the above graph, we find that 90% of the Tours & Travel agencies manage Tourist Information System, while 10% of them donot manage Tourist Information System.9) SOFTWARE FOR KEEPING ACCOUNTS:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.9)From the above graph, we find that 40% of the Tours & Travel agencies use TALLY for keeping accounts, 30% use EXCEL, 20% use REGISTER and 10% use COMSOFT DATABASE software. 10) GOVERNMENT TAXES APPLIED ON TOURISM ACTIVITIES:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.10)From the above graph, we find that 50% of the Tours & Travel agencies pay Service Tax, 30% pay Road Tax and 20% pay both Service and Road Tax.

11) LIMITATIONS FROM GOVERNMENT ON TOURISM ACTIVITIES:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.11)From the above graph, we find that 60% of the Tours & Travel agencies donot face Limitations from the Government in their Tourism activities, while 40% of them face Limitations from the Government.12) PRICES FIXED ACCORDING TO:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.12)From the above graph, we find that 60% of the Tours & Travel agencies fix their prices according to Competition, 10% on the basis of Market Segments, 10% on the basis of Income Groups, and 20% on the basis of all the above.13) SPECIAL CONCESSIONS TO REPEAT VISITORS:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.13)From the above graph, we find that 80% of the Tours & Travel agencies give Discounts to Repeat Visitors, while 20% donot give Concessions or Discounts to Repeat Visitors.14) IS INSURANCE PROVIDED TO TOURISTS:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.14)From the above graph, we find that 80% of the Tours & Travel agencies provide Insurance to the tourists while 20% donot provide Insurance to the tourists.15) FIRST - AID FACILITY TO TOURISTS:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.15)From the above graph, we find that 80% of the Tours & Travel agencies provide First-Aid facilities to the Tourists, while 20% of them donot provide First-Aid facilities.16) SELF OWNED MECHANICS ON TOURS:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.16)From the above graph, we find that 70% of the Tours & Travel agencies donot have self owned mechanics for long Tours, while 30% have self owned mechanics for long Tours.

17) COMMUNICATION OF TOUR ESCORTS IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES TO TOURIST :

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.17)From the above graph, we find that 60% of the Tours & Travel agencies have their guides communicating in different languages with the Tourists, while 40% donot have their guides communicating in different languages with the Tourists.18) HOTEL ARRANGEMENT FOR TOURISTS:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.18)From the above graph, we find that 100% of the Tours & Travel agencies make Hotel Arrangements for Tourists, while 10% of them donot make Hotel Arrangements for Tourists.19) FOOD OFFERED ACCORDING TO TOURISTS DESIRE:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.19)From the above graph, we find that 60% of the Tours & Travel agencies provide food to the Tourists according to their wish, while 40% of them donot provide food to the Tourists according to their wish.20) SUCCESS OF AGENCIES IN PROMOTING THEIR TOURISM ACTIVITIES:

ANALYSIS: (Fig 4.20)From the above graph, we find that 80% of the Tours & Travel agencies feel that they are Successful in Promoting their Tourism activities, while 20% of them feel that they are Stable and not so Successful in Promoting their Tourism activities.FINDINGS:

Majority of the tours and travel agencies work at local level.

Seasonal advertising is made largely through pamphlets.

It is observed that, reservations are made through Office, Online and Telephone.

Due importance is given to online and office reservation because it is found that proper information is not provided through telephone and some of the telephone calls for enquiry may be fake.

Majority of tours and travel agencies use Tally for keeping their accounts.

Service tax is applicable to those Tours & Travel Agencies whose annual turnover is above Rs.800000/-

Majority of the Tours & Travel agencies fix their prices on the basis of competition.

Majority of the Tours and Travels agencies provide insurance facilities to their tourists. It is observed that most of the Tours & travel agencies do not have self owned mechanics for long tours.

The Government regulations are not transparent and there is lot of red-tapism.

The Tours & Travel agencies do not have their guides communicating in different languages to tourists from different states.

There is provision for first- aid facility to the tourists.

Majority of the Tours & Travel agencies have their tour destination which includes Natural Scenes, Historic Places, Artificial Beauties and so on.

Most of Tours & Travel agencies operate through Airways, Railways and Roadways.

Tourist Information System is maintained by most of the Tours & Travel agencies, which enables them to have a detailed record of the tourists so that they can provide special concessions to repeat visitors.

Majority of the Tours & Travel agencies have their sales distribution through direct sales

The Tours & Travel agencies make hotel arrangements for tourists.

Food preferences of tourists are taken into consideration.

It is found that most of the Tours & Travel Agencies are successful in promoting the tourism activities.

SUGGESTIONS:

The Tours & Travel agencies should gear up their tourism activities at national & international level.

Along with seasonal advertisement, regular advertisement should be made, so that tourism impact is maintained.

Along with pamphlets, different media should also be used to have a better awareness among the people.

As far as possible, reservation through telephone should be, avoided to prevent fake enquiries.

Comsoft database, a software which is specially for managing accounts should be used by all Tours & Travel agencies.

The prices of the tour packages should be fixed taking into consideration the low income groups and the market segments. All Tours & Travel agencies should have self owned mechanic for long tours to have an immediate remedy on breakdowns.

The government should encourage the tourism activities by providing concessional infrastructural facilities for average income group people.

The Escorts of Tours & Travel agencies should be well versed with all types of different languages to facilitate better communication between the tourists.

The Tours & Travel agencies should also try to conduct tours through waterways.

The Tours & Travel agencies should make arrangements for training their staff and employees to overcome the breakdown problems during long tours.

CONCLUSION:Tourism Marketing in INDIA has a wide scope. There are thousands of places of tourist attractions. The Tours & Travel Agencies can encourage their tourism through Waterways, which is also todays need. The tourism product and the tour packages should be arranged in such a way that they are reasonable and also affordable to the low income group people. Media advertisement should be encouraged on a wide scale. If the people in tourism cater to the needs of the tourists, it will result in their satisfaction. Customer satisfaction in tourism is greatly influenced by the way in which the service is delivered and the physical appearance and personality of the business. It is critical that these elements be communicated in the best possible manner to convince people to come and experience what the agencys business or community has to offer. Equally important is the ability to generate repeat business because of their efforts. Thus, marketing becomes the method to reach potential visitors. It is a vital part of tourism management and can be done effectively and well, with sophistication and tact, or it can be done poorly in a loud, crass and intrusive manner. Also there should be regular updation of the tourism marketing plans. Government encouragement to the tourism activities will also help the tourism to flourish in INDIA as well as ABROAD, lasting for never ending success.QUESTIONNAIRE:

1) On what level does your travel agency work ?

a) Local

b) National

c) International

d) Both National & International

2) How does your transportation take place through ?

a) Airways

b) Railways

c) Roadways

d) Waterways

e) Air, Rail, Roadways

f) All the above

3) What are your tour destinations ?

a) Natural Scenes

b) Historic Places

c) Social cultural

d) Artificial Beauties

e) All the Places

4) When do you advertise your tourism activities ?

a) Seasonally

b) Monthly

c) Regularly

5) Through what medium do you advertise or promote your tourism activities ?

a) Media

b) Advertising Pamphlets

c) Media & Pamphlets

d) Any other

6) Your sales distribution is through which system ?

a) One-stage system - direct sales

b) Two-stage system- travel agent

c) Both 1st & 2nd Stage

7) In what way is the reservation done for Stickets ?

a) Office & Online

b) Office & Telephone

c) Office ,Online & Telephone

8) Do you manage tourist information system ?

a) Yes

b) No

9) What type of software do you use for managing or keeping accounts ?

a) Excel

b) Comsoft Database

c) Register

d) Tally

10) What type of government taxes are applied on your tourism activities ?

a) Service tax

b) Road tax

c) Both Service & Road tax

11) Do you face any limitations from the Government, in promoting your tourism activities ?

a) Yes

b) No

12) Prices are fixed according to

a) Competition

b) Income Groups

c) Market Segment

d) All the above

13) Do you provide special concessions to repeat visitors ?

a) Yes

b) No

14) Is Insurance provided to the tourists?

a) Yes

b) No

15) Do you provide first aid facilities to tourists ?

a) Yes

b) No

16) Do you have Self Owned Mechanics ?

a) Yes

b) No

17) Do your tourist escorts communicate in different languages to tourists of different states countries ?

a) Yes

b) No

18) Do you arrange hotels for tours ?

a) Yes

b) No

19) Is the food offered according to preferences of the tourist ?

a) Yes

b) No

20) Do you feel your agency is successful in marketing your tourism activities?

a) Yes

b) No

c) Stable

1

_1478425033.xlsChart1

91

YES

NO

Sheet1

YESNO

MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST INFORMATION SYSTEM91

To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.

_1478425043.xlsChart1

7

2

1

TIME OF ADVERTISEMENT

Sheet1

TIME OF ADVERTISEMENT

SEASONALLY7

MONTHLY2

REGULARLY1


_1478425048.xlsChart1

AIRWAYS

RAILWAYS

3

1

5

1

MODE OF TRANSPORT

Sheet1

MODE OF TRANSPORT

AIRWAYS

RAILWAYS

ROADWAYS3

WATERWAYS1

AIR, RAIL, & ROADWAYS5

ALL THE ABOVE1


_1478425051.xlsChart1

523

LOCAL

NATIONAL

NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL

Sheet1

LOCALNATIONALNATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL

LEVEL OF WORKING523


_1478425046.xlsChart1

3

HISTORIC PLACES

SOCIO-CULTURAL

ARTIFICIAL BEAUTIES

7

DESTINATIONS

Sheet1

DESTINATIONS

NATURAL SCENES3

HISTORIC PLACES

SOCIO-CULTURAL

ARTIFICIAL BEAUTIES

ALL THE PLACES7


_1478425038.xlsChart1

523

1 STAGE-DIRECT SALES

2 STAGE-TRAVEL AGENT

BOHT 1st & 2nd STAGE

Sheet1

1 STAGE-DIRECT SALES2 STAGE-TRAVEL AGENTBOHT 1st & 2nd STAGE

MODE OF SALES DISTRIBUTION523


_1478425041.xlsChart1

172

MEDIA

PAMPHLETS

BOTH MEDIA AND PAMPHLETS

Sheet1

MEDIAPAMPHLETSBOTH MEDIA AND PAMPHLETS

MEDIUM OF ADVERTISEMENT172


_1478425036.xlsChart1

235

OFFICE & ONLINE

OFFICE & TELEPHONE

OFFICE, ONLINE & TELEPHONE

Sheet1

OFFICE & ONLINEOFFICE & TELEPHONEOFFICE, ONLINE & TELEPHONE

MODE OF RESERVATIONS235


_1478425023.xlsChart1

6112

COMPETITION

MARKET SEGMENTS

INCOME GROUPS

ALL OF THEM

Sheet1

COMPETITIONMARKET SEGMENTSINCOME GROUPSALL OF THEM

PRICES FIXED ACCORDING TO6112


_1478425027.xlsChart1

532

SERVICE TAX

ROAD TAX

BOTH SERVICE AND ROAD TAX

Sheet1

SERVICE TAXROAD TAXBOTH SERVICE AND ROAD TAX

TYPES OF TAXES APPLIED532


_1478425030.xlsChart1

3

1

2

4

SOFTWARE FOR MAINTAINING ACCOUNTS

Sheet1

SOFTWARE FOR MAINTAINING ACCOUNTS

EXCEL3

COMSOFT DATABASE1

REGISTER2

TALLY4


_1478425025.xlsChart1

4

6

LIMITATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

Sheet1

LIMITATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

YES4

NO6


_1478425013.xlsChart1

3

7

SELF OWNED MECHANICS

Sheet1

SELF OWNED MECHANICS

YES3

NO7


_1478425018.xlsChart1

81

YES

NO

Sheet1

YESNO

INSURANCE TO TOURISTS81


_1478425020.xlsChart1

82

YES

NO

Sheet1

YESNO

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS82


_1478425016.xlsChart1

82

YES

NO

Sheet1

YESNO

FIRST-AID FACILITY82


_1478425008.xlsChart1

10

0

HOTEL ARRANGEMENTS

Sheet1

HOTEL ARRANGEMENTS

YES10

NO0


_1478425011.xlsChart1

64

YES

NO

Sheet1

YESNO

TOUR ESCORTS COMMUNICATING IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES64


_1478425006.xlsChart1

64

YES

NO

Sheet1

YESNO

FOOD OFFERED ACCORDING TO TOURISTS WISH64


_1478425003.xlsChart1

8

NO

2

SUCCESS OF TOUR AGENCIES

Sheet1

SUCCESS OF TOUR AGENCIES

YES8

NO

STABLE2


Documents

Tourism Mrktg Project