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TORE SUPRA
AssociationEURATOM-CEA
Philipps, Huber, Schweer, Sergienko, Brezinsek, Mertens, Zlobinski&
Grisolia, Hernandez, Roche, Pocheau, Davi, SemerokDelaporte, Hermann, Vatry, Mercadier, Sentis
laser based diagnostics for :
• tritium inventory
• material (PFC) composition
• dust in situ measurments
WP of TEXTOR and Tore Supra
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Basic concept of a laser based diagnostic system on a fixed location (portplug) and/or on RH system suitable for:
• Laser induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIAS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (Tore Supra)
in-situ without main plasma
• Laser illuminated dust observation (LIDO) (Tore Supra, TEXTOR)
in-situ with and without main plasma
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Basic concept of a laser based diagnostic system on a fixed location (portplug) and/or on RH system suitable for:
• Laser induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIAS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (Tore Supra)
in-situ without main plasma
• Laser illuminated dust observation (LIDO) (Tore Supra, textor)
in-situ with and without main plasma
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
LIDS : Status of work
Laser induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) • fast thermal heating of a single spot (d≈ 3mm in TEXTOR)• total desorption of H isotopes• excitation of released H isotopes by main plasma• absolute measurement of induced H intensity • determination of H isotopes inventory using conversion factors
LIDS tested and demonstrated in 3 years R&D on TEXTOR
In situ & time resolved measurement of fuel retention in C-based materials and deposits
Lower detection limit ≈ 1- 5 1016 D/cm2
Real time TEXTOR deposits measured up to about 0.5 m (≈ 1 x 1018
D/cm2), but no upper limit
Next R&D work (TEXTOR) : extension to W based materials (bulk W and W layers )
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Movable target holder
Quadrupol MS
Fast IR linear array
camera
Fiber coupling
TEXTOR Tokamak
Laboratory Device
YAG Laser
Material test facility 1
Optical diagnostic D (H/D ratio) D, Dγ, CD CII, CIII
Conditions: absorbed power: 70 kW/cm2, pulse duration: 2-4 ms, Surface temperature Ts ≈ 1800 K
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Graphite EK98 target exposed to TEXTOR plasma, LIDS
measurement: 2.2x1017 H,D/cm2), ±30%
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Basic concept of a laser based diagnostic system on a fixed location (portplug) and/or on RH system suitable for:
• Laser induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIAS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (Tore Supra)
in-situ without main plasma
• Laser illuminated dust observation (LIDO) (Tore Supra)
in-situ with and without main plasma
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIAS)
Method:1. Absorption of power, breaking of C bonds 2. Production of Jet beam ±5o with particle energies of a few eV3. Absolute measurement of induced line intensities4. Determination of released particle using conversion factors
Status (FZJ )Q-switch Ruby laser: TEXTOR: E ≈15 J, tpulse 10 ns, 1,5 GW, =694 nm, 1 pulse /sFull ablation of a-C:H layers on graphite and tungsten limiter
Laboratory: E ≈ 1 J, double pulse: t=10 µsEnergy distribution (ToF), species distribution, ionisation degree, formation of cluster, reproducibility (particles/pulse)Wavelength dependence for ablation (Nd:YAG, Ruby, Excimer)
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
580 600 620 640 660 6800
100
200
300
400
500
600
CII(678.4nm)
CII(658nm)H(656nm)CII(589nm)
1st laser pulse 0.25J/cm2, spot No2, #96692
2nd laser pulse 0.25J/cm2, spot No2, #96693
3d laser pulse 0.25J/cm2, spot No2, #96694
inte
nsity
/ a.
u.
wavelength / nm
Laser induced ablation (LIAS)
Tungsten test limiter with 140 nm a-C:D coating
Laser ablation has been demonstrated, but more R&D on reproducibility & quantification needed
Cooperation of TEXTOR team with Polish association
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Hogan et al (2007)
VD1
VD2VD3
VD4
Laser impactFor calibration(TS PhD 2009 work)
consequences
Improvement of Spectroscopic measurements
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Basic concept of a laser based diagnostic system on a fixed location (portplug) and/or on RH system suitable for:
• Laser induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIAS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (Tore Supra)
in-situ without main plasma
• Laser illuminated dust observation (LIDO) (Tore Supra)
in-situ with and without main plasma
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Release process identical with LIASBut spectroscopic observation of ablated material by laser induced plasma
in between discharges
• well established method in material analysis (in gaseous atmospheres)• application in vacuum also investigated
Assess reproducibility and accuracy
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Mercadier Hermann, CEA/CNRS, Marseille
Goal : compare Laser efficiency(all materials)
~40J/cm2
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Mercadier Hermann, CEA/CNRS, Marseille
~25J/cm2
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
3 steps of spectra modeling:
1. Analysis assuming a uniform plasma
2. Analysis of a non-uniform plasma
3. Self-absorption of resonance lines
(optical thick case)
ne , T
r
ne , T
r
LIBS (Mercardier, Hermann, CEA/CNRS, Marseille)
Composition of the Ablated plasma!
T/C
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Basic concept of a laser based diagnostic system on a fixed location (portplug) and/or on RH system suitable for:
• Laser induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced ablation spectroscopy (LIAS) (TEXTOR)
in-situ with main plasma• Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (Tore Supra)
in-situ without main plasma
• Laser illuminated dust observation (LIDO) (Tore Supra)
in-situ with and without main plasma
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Method:pulsed illumination of dust particles with high repetition rateObservation of scattered light During discharge and in between discharges (gas injection)After dust mobilisation events (?)
fast events (ELMS, disruptions, mechanical vibrations)
Need of robust model!!!
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Open questions:• link between dust in suspension and total in vessel dust• consequences of forced gas flow• …However, useful technique to measure dust in suspension, sedimentation
Give data for model validation!
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Wall element Laser spot 1cm2
H observation Ø1m
Mirror laser focussing
Mirror H light collector Nd
:YA
G l
as
er
H
lig
ht
Wall element
Nd
:YA
G l
as
er
H light
Exposed area: 1cm2
Absorbed energy: 80 JPower: 20 kWPulse duration: 4 msDistance 10 mCoaxial observationTilting angle 3o
0.5 m on wall
LCFS
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
mirror
surface
Ablation
Laser
CCD camera
Beam splitter
Tunable pulsed laser
Speckle interferometry
Altitude [µm]
X [cm]
Y [
cm]
Shape variation Image
Depth crater ~ 10 to 40 µm (accuracy ~ 5µm)
X [cm]
Alt
itu
de
[µ
m]
X [cm]
Alt
itu
de
[µ
m]
(Gauthier PSI)
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
LASKArticulated armLaser Applications System Kit
TORE SUPRAAssociationEURATOM-CEA
Tool for RH system:• Ablation/Heating/Dust sampling/ LIBS/…• Vacuum Atm Pressure• High T° (operation 120°C)