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Abstract

The Smart City vision:How Innovation and ICT

can build smart, “liveable”, sustainable cities.

The city is a core paradigm for the mankind, where trade, technology, art and culture converge in designingand building the solutions to the civilization risks. Most people on the earth already live in bigger citiesand urbanization is accelerating: it is growing the demand for a more efficient, sustainable, “liveable”model for cities.

We can better face new threats, by looking at innovation and best practices, in re-inventing the cityorganization, leveraging ICT enabled nervous system, building smarter cities. In fact we know that thehuman population growth cannot be stopped, nor the expectation of a better life, that makes people movingto bigger towns and pressing local government and all stakeholders to get involved.

The target of this research is very compelling: since a “smart city” is a complex multi-dimensional network of“system of systems”, and the cultural, economical, social and geographic constraints of each city are unique,then both an analytic and holistic approach are needed to describe a smart city.

I think that a detailed taxonomy of the smart city’s components and stakeholders can help in decomposingthe problem in more manageable components. The top level classes of the proposed taxonomy, furtherdetailed in this document, are: Info-mobility and ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) smart mobility, logistic andtechnology; Developing human resources and social capital: Smart People; Economics 2.0: Smart Economyfor competiveness, Quality and Sustainability of living; Ecosystem: Sustainable Environment, renewableenergy and other resources; E-democracy, e-Government 2.0, Smart Government.

This document is the first step of a path, that will include for example smart city best practices, technologiesand vertical solutions, ICT proposition from leading companies and examples of innovative researches.The final scope is that of taking the best of each point of views, indentify low hanging fruits and longterm strategies, build a general framework, that is still flexible enough to be applied to specific needs andscenarios.

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The Innovation Knowledge Foundation

author: Donato Toppeta I October 2010

THINK! REPORT 005/2010

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TheInn ovation Knowledge Foundation

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The town development,

from the Greece’s “polis”,

the roman’s “urbis”,

the renaissances cities

like “Florence”, signs

major milestones in our

civilization history, up

to the contemporary,

global metropolis, where

advanced services have

replaced industrial plants. The city is a core aggregation

and socialization paradigm for the mankind, where trade,

technology, art and culture can help in designing and

building the solutions to many core global issues (i.e.

economical double dip, fossil energy and other resources

exhaustion, environmental climate change and pollution,social pressed by unemployment, poverty and demographic

growth, cultural for radical changes in communication in

digital life and globalization, biodiversity loss, etc.).

We can better face these threats by leveraging our ability to

improve the efficiency and re-invent the organization and

ICT enabled nervous system of smarter cities, because we

know that human population growth cannot be stopped

easily and quickly, nor the expectation of a bet ter life, that

keep on moving people to bigger towns in search of work

and other services.

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Smart City as a system of multiplesub-systems


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“Climate change is not just about theenvironment. It is THE social, economic

and political issue for every city in

Europe and worldwide. Cities have a keyrole to play in enabling local economies

to anticipate and adapt to climate

change to achieve economic recoveryand sustainable growth.”

Mona Heiberg former Deputy Mayor

of Copenhagen

IBM has already successfully stated that a “smart city” is

a complex infrastructure of “system of systems”; I would

like also to stress that this statement is true on multiple

dimensions; the most obvious one is the territorial and

administrative scale unit:

• Neighborhoods, where the integrated design of new

ones like Vauban (Freiburg) or Sjostad (Stockholm)

prove the effectiveness of the sustainable approach to

urban planning,

• Smaller territorial aggregations that share an

optimization approach in energy usage for smart

building with home automation, remote heating and

management, like in a condominium.

• Large, integrated, metropolitan areas resulting frommerging towns or the

role of fast trains1 and

high speed digital

c o m m u n i c a t i o n

network that allow

to lower the distance

barriers for work and

services like shopping

and entertainment

districts.

There are many dimensions that describe the scope of a

smart city such as:• Integration and interaction of different services and

infrastructures, both physical and virtual

• Smart utilities grids (not only the distributed electricity

and gas grids with bidirectional flow in a distributed

generation, that requires real time exchange of

information, but also remote heating/cooling to leverage

co/tri-generation, clean and grey water with detailed per

user/usage billing that encourage collection and reuse,

underground pipes for dif ferentiated waste collection).

• Public transportation and road network that aim

to manage the mobility needs with an appropriate

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) that takes care ofcongestion charging, reduce pollution and accident

rate, manage parking, car and bike sharing, reserved

lanes, digital signing, integrated payments by vehicle

pollution category, etc.

• ICT network that leverage high speed services, mobile

advanced location based services, social networking

and collaborative crowd sourcing, info-tainment, tele-

working, remote assistance and medical surveillance

for disabled or elderly people, touristic orientation and

guidance.

“During the past years, the digital

revolution and the emergence of aglobal internet connecting people,

enterprises and – increasingly – objects,

have generated a massive opportunityto “dematerialize” daily life in cities.”

EBR 2010, Planning a SmarterSociety - GIORGIO ANDREOLI,

CARLO MARIA MEDAGLIA

1 A very fast intercity railway (up to 350 km/h) is connecting Beijing and Tianjin in 27 min (180 km) anticipating

a slowly merge of the two metropolitan areas to a huge one. A f uturistic project has b een announced in the

Beijing’s Mentougou District: the “straddling bus” that looks like a subway or light-rail train bestriding the

road .

Introduction:

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• Integration of public local administrative services

with central private ones, to improve coordination,

information sharing and dematerialization, cooperation

with not for profit sector, accessibility and reduce the

transaction cost and environmental payload.

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2Density for example makes economic sustainable the investment in public transportation, reduces the

need to use a priv ate car to reach closer entertainment or work destinations, allows to implement centralized

remote heating systems that take advantages of co-generation. This argument is extensively discussed

in “Green metropolis” by David Owen, that compares the environmental footprint of an average New York

citizen versus a generic U.S. resident.


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Cities consume approximately only 2% of earth ground

(density can also be an advantage for sustainability2 ) but 55%

of the world population already live in towns and according

to several institutions’ forecast the percentage will grow up

to 70% (or 6.4 billion people) by 2050 (in Europe and North

America the astonishing 80% has already been achieved and

IBM Business Value institute forecast that it may grow up to

88%). There are already more than 450 cities with at least

1 million citizens (20 over10 millions), according to

“world atlas” the largest

are Tokyo, Japan with 28

millions, Mexico City,

San Paolo and Mumbai,

India 18-19 millions; but

the extended concept of

megalopolis involves up

to 200 million in the Indo-

Gangetic Plain that groups

Delhi and other cities. 21

megacities account for 9

per cent of the world urban

population; 97 of 100 the

fastest growing cities are

in growth markets, 8 in

China, 11 in India.

The impressive growth of Citiesand their environmental impact

According to the study, worldwide

population will jump from 6,615 billion in2007 to 9,075 billion by 2050. Average

increase tax per year will be 1.1%, from

2005 to 2010. Throughout the sameperiod, the world’s urban population– currently reaching half of the globalinhabitants, unequally distributed among

regions and continents – will register

2.0% of incremental taxes in ourplanet. Such increase will be 0.5%

year after year in richer countries,

2.5% in developing regions and4.0% in less developed countries.

The large cities’ population in Asian and

African countries will double from 2007to 2030.

United Nation World Urbanization

Prospects: economic and territorialimplications

McKinsey estimated in a report last year that an additional

350 million people, more than the population of the U.S.,

would move to the cities by 2015. More than 220 Chinese

cities will have more than one million people (there are

currently only 35 in Europe). A new skyscraper seems to

bloom in Shanghai every other month. China is pushing for

urban infrastructure, with McKinsey estimating that 170 new

mass transit systems could be built in China by 2025.

If India urbanization keeps on growing as estimated

500 new cities will born in the next two decades. Also in

Africa large towns are growing quickly. Addis Ababa, the

capital of Ethiopia, established in 1889, is facing a major

urban migration into the city since 1970s, driven mainly

by unemployment, poverty, and declining agricultural

productivity. The population is projected to roughly double

by 2020 from 3.4 million in 2007. 27% of Ethiopia’s urban

population lives in the capital city, and this process has

created substantial pressure on the city’s infrastructure,

housing, and urban services.

Cities are directly in charge of a growing environmental

footprint, including: 71% of total Green House Gas that

is altering the climate, and other pollutants such as

particulate. Cities account for 60% of all water allocated

for domestic human use, while human demand for water isexpected to increase six fold in the next 50 years and some

municipalities lose up to 50% of precious water through

leaky infrastructure. Even where water is relatively plentiful,

water pollution is increasingly a concern. Beijing, notorious

for water stress issues, is rapidly depleting groundwater

sources that are now 100m below sea level and threatened

by saltwater intrusion. The solution to date, damming and

diverting rivers (spending tens of billions of dollars), is too

slow and is also inadvertently causing water deprivation in

southern China and other countries as well. Chinese can now

afford piped water, private bathrooms, washing machines,

homes with gardens, cars that need washing, and morefood, which needs water for growing. A different smarter

management of water resources is needed implementing

a more sustainable ‘cascade type water reuse’ with smart

water distribution and collecting grids.

FIGURE: URBAN POPULATION BY MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL AREA ( IN PER CENT OF TOTAL POPULATION )

Source: United Nations, Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division:

World Urbanization Prospects, the 2009 Revision.

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An improved collaboration becomes possible when the

stakeholders use a common language and create a shared

vision of success for Smart Cities, improving community

engagement through sustainability initiatives that

stimulate innovation and economic recovery and preser ve

the environment and the culture.

The increasing consumption of energy, soil and other non-

renewable resources, difficulty in waste management,acoustic pollution; altered microclimate, urban traffic

congestion, hard to provide home care for the elderly,

poor security and social integration are some examples

of the growing cities’ issues that require timely and

effective solutions, with more and more difficult to find

resources for local government, called upon to assume

direct responsibility. A good carbon management strategy

in the town government is also essential for managing the

potential risks associated on a global scale with climate

change, that very often can have a massive impact on high

density urban areas.

These risks include:• Physical risks from the direct impacts of climate

change, like severe weather events: heating is often up

to 6 C higher in the city center (urban heat land effect),

soil erosion and extreme precipitation, most towns are

near to river or the coast and therefore are exposed

to flooding , ecosystem alterations that favor new

invasive plants and pests with habitat destruction,

fire exposure, etc.

• Regulatory and Litigation risks from tightening national

and international regulat ions like in EU: pollution due to

concentrated traffic and buildings’ heating is a serious

concern not only for health consequences on citizensbut also for penalties that can be applied. Climate

change-related law suits and public actions by NGOs

like GreenPeace are now being seen in the US, EU and

some other states.

• Competitive risks from cities that have a better

environmental reputation and a shared sustainability

approach versus ones whose citizens perceive a lack

of action to address climate change and pollution.

Consumer sustainability awareness is a growing topic in

the local political agenda, where the link with territory

is stronger. As the sustainability mandate expands,

cities committed to social and environmental causesare likely to attract the top talent; also investors now

look at sustainability performance. There could also be

consequences for economies dependent on tourism.

• Operational risks from changes like rising electricity

prices or transportation costs linked to fossil fuels and

other depleted natural resources, like potable water

(exposed to exhaustion and pollution), can have a direct

impact on the OPEX of the local public administration.

The increased “environmental refugees” pressure

might also affect cities.

The main risks that the Cities mustaddress


43 Annapolis is surrounded by six bodies of water and was subjected to the destructive effect s of a higher sea level on the

downtown area during a hurricane in 2003. New York City, Amsterdam and Venice are especially vulnerable to sea level

rises and coastal storms while the City of New Orleans is below sea level and has already suffered catastrophic effects.4 EUROCITIES and the European Commission have acknowledged - alongside initiatives like Smart 2020 and Information

and Communication Technologies for Energy Efficiency, “ICT4EE” - the important contribution ICT can make to increasing

energy efficiency, reducing emissions and generally realizing a sustainable,

low-carbon society

A proposed taxonomy for smartCities

Smart cities are those that are combining ICT and Web 2.0

technology with other organizational, design and planning

efforts to de-materialize and speed up bureaucratic

processes and help to identify new, innovative solutions

to city management complexity, in order to improve

sustainability and “liveability”.

New combined, holistic strategies (“look at the forest,

not the trees”) are needed to govern the change and

generate consensus, such as: the smart planning of the

infrastructures and distributed renewable energy, the

publication of incentives or the imposition of standards

for energy efficiency in buildings, issuing of specific

guidelines for governing the territory and supporting

the economy, the choice of policies for promoting public

transport and measures for limiting the private traffic and

the accident rate. This approach can be summarized by a

simple but effective definition: “People want to live in smart

cities, with a higher quality of work, study, life and social

relations; capable of supporting the expectation of a better

future, individually and collectively; compatible with theplanets finite resources and people’s human right.”

To help comparing and integrate different contribution

I’ve built the following taxonomy of the ICT and innovation

role in the Smart City extending the original one from the

EUROCITY 4 charter and European Smart Cities, an EU project

led by the Vienna University of Technology:

1. Info-mobility and ITS: smart mobility, logistic and

technology

2. Developing human resources and social capital: Smart

People

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3. Economics 2.0: Smart Economy for competiveness

4. Quality and Sustainability of living

5. Ecosystem: Sustainable Environment, renewable

energy and other resources

6. E-democracy, Government 2.0, Smart Government

It’s very difficult to compile an exhaustive list of the

solutions and technologies that can be associated to each

main entry of the ICT role in Smart City, since it keeps on

evolving due to the innovation, plus some components that

have broad impacts on several factors.

• Tracking dangerous goods with intelligent access

permissions, disabled people’s assisted mobility

and video surveillance with automatic detection of

abnormal situations and alarm for security services,

while protecting privacy. Crowd Sourcing for collecting

demand for minor maintenance (holes in the streets,hidden or damaged signs, illegal parking, blocked

drains, lights out, gas or liquid oil leaks, wildlife in

danger, etc.), ideas to improve services or offers of

collaboration.

• Mathematical models and computer assisted

simulation to compare different road and transport

infrastructure scenarios (based on regulatory and

enabling technology), in order to predict environmental

and social effects and evaluate the expected economical

outcomes.

• Venice: from the Doges to a digital city 2.0: the networkof channels and pedestrian road in the city, the Green

Port with cold ironing, and the broad-band digital

communication5 as linking elements of new services

(i.e. e-commerce, tele-work, etc.) and infrastructure of

smart city with a r ich history and a mass tourism. Most

towns where built over a river or near a port, some have

a web of water channel (i.e. Amsterdam, New York,

Zhouzhuang, etc.); many are rediscovering the role of

water links not only for tourism and landscape, but also

for transport and heating or cooling (heat pumps). Clean

and grey water infrastructure has a growing importance

since water will be the most critical resource in the

future.

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5

Info-mobility and ITS (IntelligentTransport Systems) smart mobility,logistic and technology

• Integrated, variable charging schemes for transport

and other services (e.g. transit & parking tolls, vehicle

licensing and compliance, infotainment and touristic

services, etc.) based on direct infrastructure cost

and LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) of environmental cost,

automatic fares collection and micro payments via

proximity cards and mobile phone (NFC, SMS), etc.

• Enhanced travelers information services (CRM

integrated): Searching, by smart-phone, mobile

devices, touch screen and gesture interfaces, for stops,

connections, destinations and estimated real time

arrival time by public transport, bike sharing and carpooling availability, van sharing (for goods optimized

loading and delivery path), events reservation and

touristic monuments self guided tours, search for

nearest bus / taxi, browse for local shops or restaurants,

location based social community, games and services,

etc.

• Detection and analysis of traffic flows and intelligent

management of signage, giving priority to emergency

and public transport (taking into account their demand

and delay), automatic detection of drive code violations

and road danger (such as traffic lights failures,

flooding, fog, explosions, etc.). Geo-location andautomatic alarm in case of incident, reporting accidents

to vehicles and signposts information, machine to

machine communication. Geo-referenced driving

charging by time shift, pollution, number of vehicle’s

passengers (pooling), integrated insurance, driving

rules enforcements, service provided (goods smart

delivery, health assistance), etc. Business Intelligence

for managing a growing amount of sensor based data

that can provide insight by multi-modal, real time

analysis.

5 According to Eurostat 2009 households in urban regions tend to have higher Internet access r ates than in rural ones. At

EU-27 level, 65 % of households in densely populated areas have access to the Internet, w hile only 51% in less populated

areas. In general, regions with big cities (e.g. Lisbon, Madrid, Barcelona, Rome, Milan, Vienna, Budapest etc.) are islands

in the surrounding regions owing to higher levels of Internet access.

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• Lifelong learning systems and computer assisted

permanent education, e-books loan, support forums

and expert advice in collaboration with the third sector,

information on trends in employment opportunities

and meeting for facilitation in re-skilling, incentives

for employment and development of the labor market

linked to SME and new technologies, micro-credit for

entrepreneurship.

• Tele-medicine services, management of re, ooding and

anti-theft alarms (integrated with home automation),

mobility assistance and prevention of social isolation

for elderly, disabled and chronical illnesses.

• Discussion groups, social networking and collaborativedesign (e.g. Ning, Kublai, LinkedIn, Xing, Architizer,

Sermo, BootB, Skypso, etc.) for entrepreneurs.

Incubators for start-up in collaboration with

universities, venture capitalists, business angels,

research institutions, etc.

• Location based proximity services (plus afnities and

profile) to provide advertisement, digital signage,

tourist information, social networking, etc.

• Eco-tourism services, virtual museums, augmented

reality, digital art and new media co-creation and

enjoyment, custom guides, live assisted translation

and cultural mediation, exploration games.

• Incubators linked to universities, chambers of

commerce, analysts and consulting companies,

professional services, etc.

• Tailor services for the citizen, including emphasis on

education and training leveraging on-line tools and

crow sourcing.

• Modular decentralized ofces (virtual satellite ofces)

with broadband access, equipped to support tele-work

and able to provide ancillary services (e.g. secretary,

regular mail, canteen or kitchen area) plus opportunities

for socialization and training.

• Cloud computing from decentralized Green Data Centers

where smart power management, optimized HVAC and

dynamic power grow (containerized Data Centers) can

be leveraged.

• Logistics systems of neighborhood for withdrawal order

online (often associated with preference for biological

and local goods) and lowered packaging impact.

• Infrastructure for xed and mobile broadband, smart

grid for the integration of renewable distributed

generation and accumulation (e.g. BetterPlace) as a

step towards the Internet of Things.

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Developing human resources andsocial capital: Smart People

6 For example the following web sites helps in matching volunteers and not for profit organizations in U.S. A. http://www.volunteermatch.org/ and Italy http://www.socialidarity.it7 Co-housing is a type of collaborative housing in which residents actively par ticipate in the design and operation of their own neighborhoodsand have access to extensive common facilities (i.e. open space, courtyards, a playground and a room with industrial based, high efficiencywashing machines, etc.). Examples of cohousing are: Swan’s Market - Oakland – CA , Eastern village - Washington DC, Older women’s CoHo -London – U.K., Sanpolino Brescia – Italy.8 Co-working is a community of professionals, usually wit h workplace flexibilit y, that share a common physical workspace, values and relationsor services while having independent activities. Co-workers often have in common a nomadic work style, attention to sustainability and useof social networking and web services. Two examples are the network “The Hub” a “places for people who change things” in 12 cities of 4continents and the net work “Cowo”.

Economics 2.0: Smart Economy forcompetiveness

• Complementary marketplace for jobs in not for prot

organizations6 ( volunteermatch.org, socialidarit y.it , etc),

km0 and Fair-trade products, farmers’ markets, bank

of time, cooperative buying groups (or investment or

production), micro-credit and social lending (e.g. ZOPA,

Prestiamoci.it, Jak bank, Terzovalore.com, etc.), crowd

based fund raising, cash converters / swap shops,

neighborhood e-auctions & bartering sites.

• Internet based temporary aggregation of services;

partners and customers for creative solutions are

achievable by Web 2.0 in SaaS mode (e.g. ZOOPPA,

Zoes).

• “Co-working” building (like “the Hub”) with reservation

of space and equipment rental, professional services

provided in tele-work arrangements, support of

“nomadic computing workers”.

Quality and Sustainability of living

• WebGIS systems for smart urban development

planning, simulation and analysis, with services and

balanced flow analysis of needs and risks (flood,

earthquake, etc.), in order to manage densification

and achieve a sustainable social, environmental and

generational mix. modern

• Software for CAD including energy dynamic ow

and optimization, acoustic verification, certification

and efciency and sustainability adjustment (LEED,

BREEM, ITHACA, etc.), security and building core-level

planning, investment return rate estimator tools.

• Thankless water heaters, solar water heaters,

geothermal heating systems, cool-roofs, rooftop

photovoltaic, residential wind systems, home energymonitoring systems & home automation, smart

domestic appliances.

• Integrated solutions for remote management, remote

heating and cooling co/tri-generation and renewable

energy integration, accounting for drinking water

usage, groundwater management, charging by volume

and categories of the waste collection with effective

incentives to minimize packaging, increase reuse and

recycle, energy (heat or bio-gas) extraction.

• Co-housing 7 and co-working

8, micro-nurseries.

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• Smart trafc control systems to prioritize the trafc

mobility by category and needs (e.g. quick, pleasant,

and effective public and emergency transportation,

pedestrian and cycle safet y, increased autonomy of the

disabled, reduced traffic contribution to air and noise

pollution, prevented traffic jams).

• Charging the private trafc according to the

environmental impact and infrastructure use (pollution,

occupation of public property, and time zone, etc.).

Tele-heating combined with cogeneration and heat

pumps to reduce pollution, effective management and

continuous monitoring of water and sewer to promotewater conservation. Efficient lighting (in particular solid

state lighting and stabilization and dimmering for street

lighting and indoor).

• Integrated administration and control of the supply

chain to identify and prioritize local (km 0, farmer

markets) products or fair trade ones, adopt green

procurement policies, reduce packaging and waste and

increase the percentage of recycling/reuse.

• Tracking of the production and labeling (RFID, QR-Code)

of the products to promote the awareness of:

o Sustainability ethic (prevention of child labor andrespect for trade union rules, etc.)

o Environmental sustainability (total CO2,

hazardous or non-renewable, LCA, etc.)

o Health safety (carcinogenic or allergenic

components, fat content, etc.).

• Transparent systems for monitoring and forecasting of

the quality of air and water, noise and electromagnetic

pollution, with internet based open reporting and

citizens’ feedback to identify potential leakage in the

measurement system.

• Connected green spaces/parks and wildlife corridors,Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems and smart

irrigation systems to prevent flooding and contamination

of ground-water. Vertical farm, green roofs.

• Smart grid optimization of distributed generation from

renewable sources and peak load management, energy

trading benefits extended to end users (integration

with home automation)

• Smart wireless sensor for pollution, noise, trafc and

other environmental data, up to MEMS

Ecosystem: SustainableEnvironment, renewable energyand other resources

• Green and fair-trade public procurement, LCA based

assessment of the supply chain. Local sourcingincentives and fair trade for imported goods. Integrated,

accessible, vertical portals that help to shift from narrow

opportunistic behaviors to a long term sustainable

vision and transparency.

• Collaborative discussion groups (such as Ning, RCM:

PartecipaMI, straight lines, E21-OpenDCN: citymap,

barcamp, citycamp9, Online Jam, etc.). Tools for

e-democracy and direct communication with public

institutions, cultural sector and the third sector, online

surveys & widely communicated results.

• Information sharing platforms based on cloud

computing, common standards and automated

workflow for solving cross-cutting issues and lower

bureaucracy delay and transaction cost among city

districts and agency boundaries. Systems of direct

and secure access by internet to local information and

public services. De-materialization of bureaucracy by

privacy and legal validity of e-documents, automated

workflow and business intelligence.

• Social media and crowd sourcing for more frequent

involvement of all stakeholders in tactical planning and

feedback on strategy. Internet saloons (training open

spaces to combat digital divide of elder people).

• Ecosystem of caregivers working together, resulting in

full, integrated electronic medical record about each

patient for emergency, and increase the quality of

care. Central smart reservation medical services with

unique, automatic compatible donors, beds, analytical

instruments and specialists, all while reducing costs.

Emergency management and coordination of sanitary

forces, epidemiology (better detect, track, prepare for

and stay ahead of disease outbreaks also by Internet

analytics).

• Improve city safety by reducing crime and emergency

response time. Estimation and r isk prevention systemsalerting based on the location, occupation and exposure

to risk (e.g. sensitivity to pollution, extreme summer

heating).

• Social gaming (like criticalcity.org), portals and

collective involvement on good practice (e.g.

StoptheFever.org, ClimateChange, GenerazioneClima),

adventure-based learning, urban gardens.

• Tools to help matching between unemployed workers

and working opportunities with focused retraining

support and mentoring.

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9 CityCamp is a F REE unconference, a barcamp focused on innovation for municipal

governments and community organizations. Content for CityCamp is not programmed

for a passive audience. Participants are e xpected to play active roles in sessions. T his

provides an excellent format for creative, open exchange geared toward action. The

first Cit yCamp was held January 23-24, 2010 in Chicago, IL.

7

E-democracy, e-Government 2.0,Smart Government

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The next steps of this research will be the collection of

detailed descriptions of several emblematic best practices

of smart city (e.g. Freiburg, Stockholm, Curitiba, Masdar,

Songdo, Melbourne, Amsterdam, Boulder, etc.), innovative

towns and eco-districts. Those examples allow to proof the

feasibility of smart cities, where ICT and innovation are the

enabling components of the new paradigm of sustainable,

ICT empowered city, on multiple dimensions: economical,

environmental, social and cultural.

Additionally, many European and Global Organizations

and Companies, with a specific, but not exclusive, focus

on ICT ones (e.g. IBM, CISCO, ACCENTURE, etc.), that drive

the Smart City revolution, have already proposed very

interesting models but that till now they are available only

on separate documents.There are also some technologies and vertical solutions,

such as in building, transportation and energy

management or e-government that are strongly involved in

the transformation of a town in a smart city, with ICT that

is often a winning additional tool to find new, cheaper and

smarter solution to old and rising problems.

Finally a stakeholder map will be provided to identify most

of the actors involved in a smart city.

The final scope of this broad research is that of taking the

best of each point of view, indentify low hanging fruits

and long term strategies, in order to support a generalframework, that is still flexible enough to be applied to

specific needs and scenarios. Still a document, even

rich of recent content, as I attempted to write, cannot be

exhaustive on this topic, for this reason I’m inviting you to

participate to the World Smart City Forum, to discuss both

in person and by internet based virtual collaboration tools,

the future of the network of smart cities, the true laboratory

of our future.

Next Step for this research

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Accenture - 2009 - The Accenture Intelligent City Network , Accenture

Andrea Caragliu, Chiara Del Bo, Peter Nijkamp - 2009 - Smart cities in Europe - University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics,

Business Administration and Econometrics.

Connected Urban Development - 2009 - Climate Changes: Cities in Action - CUD-Metropolis-CISCO

Daniel Castro - 2009 - What’s Next for Open Government? - The Informatition Technology & Innovatition Foundatition

David Owen - 2009 - Green Metropolis - Riverhead Books

Eurocities - 2010 - Eurocities in 2009: annual report

Eurocities - 2009 - EUROCITIES Response to European Commission Survey on ICT4EE - www.eurocities.eu

European Communities - 2010 - Eurostat regional yearbook 2009 - epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/publications/regional_

yearbook

Gérald Santucci - 2009 - Smart networks, objects, buildings and people: Empowering the Internet for Smarter Cities

Gerry Mooney - 2010 - Smarter Transportation - IBM Smarter Cities Virtual Forum

Giorgio Andreoli, Carlo Medaglia - 2010 - Planning for a Smart Society - EBR

IBM - 2010 - SmarterCities: Learning from Leaders - The SmarterCities Leadership Series

IBM Institute for Business Value - 2010 - A vision of smarter cities - How cities can lead the way into a prosperous and sustainable

future

IBM Institute for Business Value - 2009 - Intelligent transport - How cities can improve mobility

ICT4EE - 2010 - ICT for Energy Efficiency - Report on the session “Smart Sustainable Cities”

Joel Kotkin - 2010 - The World’s Smartest Cities - www.Forbes.com/smartcities

Monique Meche - 2009 - ICT: Enabling the Sustainable City and Community - CISCO

Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Stanley S. Litow - 2009 - Informed and Interconnected: A Manifesto for Smarter Cities - Harvard Business

School (working paper)

United Nations - 2010 - 2009 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects (+ on-line DB) - www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm

Vienna Univ. of Technology, Delft Univ. of Technology, Univ. of Ljubljana - 2008 - Smart cities Ranking of European medium-

sized cities - www.smart-cities.eu

References THINK! REPORT 005/2010

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Covenant of Mayors - www.eumayors.eu

Environment Directorate-General of the European Commission- European Green Capital - www.europeangreencapital.eu

IBM Smarter Planet: Smarter Cities - www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/sustainable_cities/ideas/

ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability - www.iclei.org

Port of Venice - www.port.venice.it/en

UN Global Compact - www.unglobalcompact.org

Web Site

Documents

Toppeta Report 005 2010