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Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d:solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins
Bengt E.W. NilssonChalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg
Talk at "Modern Developments in M-theory", Banff, Canada,January 14, 2014
Talk based on:
"Towards an exact frame formulation of conformal higher spins in three dimensions",arXiv:1312.5883
“Critical solutions in topologically gauged N = 8 CFTs in three dimensions” ,arXiv:1304.2270
"Topologically gauged superconformal Chern-Simons matter theories"with Ulf Gran, Jesper Greitz and Paul Howe, arXiv:1204.2521 in JHEP
"Aspects of topologically gauged M2-branes with six supersymmetries: towards a"sequential AdS/CFT"?, arXiv:1203.5090 [hep-th]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Background for the discussion: classical
Main subject: Classical CFTs in 3 dimensionsRecall: N = 8 supersymmetries:
BLG: [Bagger, Lambert(2007), Gustavsson(2007)]superconformal Chern-Simons (CS)-matter theory[Schwarz(2004)]only with gauge group SO(4) = SU(2)× SU(2)parity symmetricno U(1) factorany level k possiblerelation to stacks of M2-branes tricky
consider instead N = 6: then the M2-brane connection is clear[ABJM(2008), ABJ(2008)]
ABJ(M) are quiver theories with gauge groups likeUk(N)× U−k(N), for any k and any NSUk(N)× SU−k(N), for any k and any N(N = 2 and k = 1, 2 case classically equivalent to BLG)
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Background for the discussion: quantum
The (non-perturbative) quantum picture for N = 8 is better:
monopole operators [ABJM(2008), BKKS(2008), BKK(2009)]can lead to enhanced symmetries for ABJM theories
and to N = 8 susy for N-stacks of M2 branes
This can be checked by comparing moduli spaces [Lambert et al]or partition functions/superconformal indices [Kapustin et al]:
Examples:supersymmetry enhancement:ABJM Uk(N)× U−k(N) has 2 extra susy’s for k = 1, 2U(1) enhancementparity enhancement
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Motivation: some questions
Questions at the classical level:
why is classical BLG restricted to only SO(4)?
can this restriction be lifted?
can CS(supergravity) help? (recall the role of CS(gauge))what would such a CS-gravity constructionmean in string/M theory?in AdS4/CFT3? (for spin 2)in AdS4/CFT3 for higher spins (HS)?
the A and B models in Vasiliev’s AdS4 HS-theory haveparity symmetric boundary theories[Klebanov, Polyakov (2002)], [Sezgin, Sundell (2005)]BUT parity non-symmetric CS theories interpolate between them[Chang et al(2012)], [Aharony et al(2012)]recent checks of the correspondence use Neumann b.c. for all spinsand all-spin CFTs [Giombi et al (2013)],[Giombi-Klebanov(2013)], [Tseytlin(2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Motivation: some questions
Questions at the classical level:
why is classical BLG restricted to only SO(4)?
can this restriction be lifted?can CS(supergravity) help? (recall the role of CS(gauge))
what would such a CS-gravity constructionmean in string/M theory?in AdS4/CFT3? (for spin 2)in AdS4/CFT3 for higher spins (HS)?
the A and B models in Vasiliev’s AdS4 HS-theory haveparity symmetric boundary theories[Klebanov, Polyakov (2002)], [Sezgin, Sundell (2005)]BUT parity non-symmetric CS theories interpolate between them[Chang et al(2012)], [Aharony et al(2012)]recent checks of the correspondence use Neumann b.c. for all spinsand all-spin CFTs [Giombi et al (2013)],[Giombi-Klebanov(2013)], [Tseytlin(2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Motivation: some questions
Questions at the classical level:
why is classical BLG restricted to only SO(4)?
can this restriction be lifted?can CS(supergravity) help? (recall the role of CS(gauge))
what would such a CS-gravity constructionmean in string/M theory?in AdS4/CFT3? (for spin 2)in AdS4/CFT3 for higher spins (HS)?
the A and B models in Vasiliev’s AdS4 HS-theory haveparity symmetric boundary theories[Klebanov, Polyakov (2002)], [Sezgin, Sundell (2005)]BUT parity non-symmetric CS theories interpolate between them[Chang et al(2012)], [Aharony et al(2012)]recent checks of the correspondence use Neumann b.c. for all spinsand all-spin CFTs [Giombi et al (2013)],[Giombi-Klebanov(2013)], [Tseytlin(2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Outline and Results
Here we will consider topologically gauged "BLG" theories:[Gran,BN(2008)]
i.e. matter/Chern-Simons gauge theory with N = 8 ("BLG")superconformal symmetry coupled to conformal supergravity
we’ll find new features like:SO(N) gauge groups for any N (instead of the SO(4) in BLG )[Gran, Greitz, Howe, BN(2012)]higgsing to topologically massive supergravity (super-TMG)and a number of possible "critical" backgrounds [BN(2013)]
such results first found in top gauged ABJM/ABJ[Chu, BN(2009)],[Chu, Nastase, Papageorgakis, BN(2010)]
with indications ofa "sequential AdS/CFT" using Neumann b.c. [BN(2012)](see also [Vasiliev(2000,2012)], [Compere, Marolf(2008)])a connection to higher spin [BN(2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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3d N = 8 superconformal field theory: BLG
Review: 3d BLG theory in terms of structure constants f abcd
scalars Xia (real)
i: SO(8) R-symmetry vector indexa: enumerate the 3-algebra elements Ta with triple product[Ta,Tb,Tc] = f abc
dTd (antisymmetric in a, b, c)spinors ψa (2-comp Majorana)
with a hidden R-symmetry chiral spinor index (also real 8-dim),
vector gauge potential Aµab = Aµcd f cda
b
conformal dimensions (deduced from their kinetic terms):1/2 for Xi
a
1 for ψa
1 for Aµ
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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3d N = 8 superconformal field theory: Lagrangian
The BLG Lagrangian (with interactions and CS in terms of f abcd)
L = −12(DµXi
a)(DµXia) + i
2ΨaγµDµΨa + LCS(A)
− i4ΨbΓijXi
cXjdΨa f abcd − V(st)
BLG
where Dµ = ∂µ + Aµ and the Chern-Simons term
LCS(A) = 12εµνλ(f abcdAµab∂νAλcd + 2
3 f cdag f efgbAµabAνcdAλef
)and the potential
V(st)BLG = 1
12(XiaXj
bXkc f abc
d)(XieXj
f Xkg f efgd)
two triple products but a "single trace" (st)
introduce a level k by rescaling f abcd → λf abc
d where λ = 2πk
no other free parameters!Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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BLG transformation rules
The BLG transformation rules for (global) N = 8 supersymmetry are
δXai = iεΓiΨ
a,δΨa = DµXi
aγµΓiε+ 1
6 Xib Xj
c Xkd Γijkε f bcd
a.
Demanding cancelation on the (Cov.der.)2 terms in δL implies
δAµab = iεγµΓiXi
cψd f cdab
Full susy => the fundamental identity
f abcg f efg
d = 3f ef [ag f bc]g
d
only one finite dim. realization: A4 with SO(4) gauge symmetry(i.e. parity symmetric with levels (k,−k))[Papadopoulos(2008)][Gauntlett,Gutowski(2008)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
3-dim N = 8 superconformal gravity
To gauge the global super-conformal symmetries of the BLG theorywe couple it to 3d N = 8 conformal supergravity: [Gran,BN(2008)]
On-shell Lagrangian = three CS-like terms
Lconfsugra = 1
2εµνρTr(ωµ∂ν ωρ + 2
3 ωµων ωρ)
−ie−1εαµν(DµχνγβγαDρχσ)εβρσ−εµνρTr(Bµ∂νBρ+23
BµBνBρ),
supercovariant spin-connection: ωµαβ(eµα, χiµ)
CS terms are of 3rd, 2nd and 1st order in derivatives, respectivelyOK for any number N of supersymmetries if triality rotated to εi
[Lindström,Rocek(1989)] (N = 1 by [Deser,Kay(1983)])
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Topologically gauged BLG theory
This supergravity theory has no propagating degrees of freedom!
clear in the light-cone gauge: all non-zero field components (plus∂+ on them) can be solved for [BN(2008)]=> "topologically gauged CFT3"
Conformal supergravity can be coupled to BLG byNoether methods
[Gran,BN(2008)] [Gran, Greitz, Howe, BN(2012)]or by other methods [Gran, Greitz, Howe, BN(2012)]
demanding on-shell susy (as originally done by BLG)superspace : "the Dragon window" in 3d (Cotton eq)[Cederwall, Gran, BN(2011)][Howe, Izquierdo, Papadopoulos, Townsend(1995)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Topologically gauged BLG theory: some details
Supersymmetry to order (Dµ)2 gives the conformal coupling− e16 X2R:
(f µ is the dual field strength of the spin 3/2 field χµ) [Gran, BN (2008)]
Ltop gaugedBLG = Lconf
sugra + LcovBLG
+ 1√2ieχµΓiγνγµΨaDνXia (”the supercurrent term”)
− i4εµνρχµΓijχν(Xi
aDρXja) + i√
2f µΓiγµΨaXi
a
− e16 X2R + i
4 X2 f µχµ
Obtaining δL = 0 at linear and zeroth order in Dµ will requireadding many new terms to L and the transformation rules =>
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Topologically gauged BLG theory: the transformation rules
The complete transformation rules:with level parameter λ = 2π
k and the gravitational coupling gNB: new matter term in δAµa
b [Gran, Greitz, Howe, BN(2012)]
δeµα = iεgγαχµ, δχµ = Dµεg,
δBijµ = − i
2e εgΓijγνγµf ν − ig4 χµΓk[iεgXj]
a Xka −
ig32 χµΓijεgX2
− ig16ΨaΓijkγµεmXk
a −3ig8 ΨaγµΓ[iεmXj]
a ,
δXia = iεmΓiΨa,
δΨa = γµΓiεm(DµXia − iAχµΓiΨa) + λ
6 ΓijkεXibXj
cXkd ε
bcda
+ g8ΓiεmXi
bXjbXj
a −g
32ΓiεmXiaX2,
δAµab = iλεmγµΓiXi
cΨd εcda
b − iλ2 χµΓijεgXi
cXjd ε
cdab
+ ig4 εmγµΓiψ[aXi
b] + ig8 χµΓijεgXi
aXjb.
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Topologically gauged BLG theory: the Lagrangian
The bosonic terms in L relevant for this talk are
L = 1g Lsugra
conf + LBLGcov − 1
16 X2R− V(tt)new
the total scalar potential has
a single-trace (st) contribution from LBLGcov
V(st)BLG = λ2
12 (XiaXj
bXkc ε
abcd)(XieXj
f Xkg ε
efgd)
and a new triple-trace (tt) term from the topological gauging
V(tt)new = eg2
2·32·32
((X2)3 − 8(X2)Xj
bXjcXk
cXkb + 16Xi
cXiaXj
aXjbXk
bXkc
)without structure constants!
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Topologically gauged BLG theory: new properties
New theories with N = 8 superconformal (local) symmetry?[Gran,Greitz,Howe,BN(2012)]The gauge sector is deformed:
LCS(A) =1a
LCS(AL) +1a′
LCS(AR)
wherea :=
g8− λ, a′ :=
g8
+ λ
no longer parity symmetric
by taking λ = 2πk → 0, or setting f abc
d = 0 =>the "three-algebra" indices can be extended arbitrarilyi.e. the gauge group is now SO(N) for any N
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Topologically gauged N = 6 superconformal ABJ(M)
The new kind of potential without structure constants was first foundfor ABJ(M): [Chu, BN(2009)]
scalars ZAa complex (A in 4 of SUR(4), a 3-algebra index)
potential terms (explicit λ and g)the original ABJ(M) potential (single trace in 3-alg.):
V(st)ABJ(M) = 2
3λ2|ΥCD
Bd|2, ΥCDBd = f ab
cdZCa ZD
b ZcB+f ab
cdδ[CB ZD]
a ZEb Zc
E .
new terms with one structure constant (double trace)
V(dt)new = − 1
8 gλf abcd|Z|2ZC
a ZDb Zc
CZdD − 1
2 gλf abcdZB
a ZCb (ZD
e ZeB)Zc
CZdD .
and without structure constant (triple trace)
V(tt)new = −g2( 5
12·64 (|Z|2)3 − 132 |Z|
2|Z|4 + 148 |Z|
6) .
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Higgsing of topologically gauged ABJM: the chiral point
The chiral point for ABJ(M): VEV < Z >= v [Chu, BN(2009)]
LABJMhiggsed = LCS(grav) − 1
8 v2R− 1256 v6
Compare to the TMG version of LSS (opposite over-all sign!):[Li, Song, Strominger(2008)]
LLSSTMG = 1
κ2 ( 1µLCS(grav) − (R− 2Λ)), Λ = − 1
l2
thusµl = 1 (the LSS chiral point)
the signs of the Einstein-Hilbert and cosmological terms=> negative energy black holes (unitarity ?)
these features are dictated by the sign of the ABJ(M) scalarkinetic terms (via conformal invariance)!
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Chiral points of the SO(N) model?
Is there a chiral point solution also for the N = 8 SO(N) theory?[Gran,Greitz,Howe,BN(2012)],[BN(2013)]
LSO(N)N=8 = 1
g LCS(grav) − 116 X2R− g2
2·32·32((X2)3 − 8X2X4 + 16X6)
where in terms of Xia (a = 1, 2, ...,N and i = 1, 2, .., 8)
Xij = XiaXj
a, X2 = Xii, X4 = XijXij, X6 = XijXjkXki
Set VEV < X8N >= v and compare to TMG/LSS =>
µl = 1/3 ??
There are two well-known critical points on the market:chiral AdS with µl = 1 [Li, Song, Strominger(2008)]
null-warped AdS with µl = 3[Anninos, Compere, de Buyl, Detourney, Guica(2010)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Chiral points of the SO(N) model?
Is there a chiral point solution also for the N = 8 SO(N) theory?[Gran,Greitz,Howe,BN(2012)],[BN(2013)]
LSO(N)N=8 = 1
g LCS(grav) − 116 X2R− g2
2·32·32((X2)3 − 8X2X4 + 16X6)
where in terms of Xia (a = 1, 2, ...,N and i = 1, 2, .., 8)
Xij = XiaXj
a, X2 = Xii, X4 = XijXij, X6 = XijXjkXki
Set VEV < X8N >= v and compare to TMG/LSS =>
µl = 1/3 ??
There are two well-known critical points on the market:chiral AdS with µl = 1 [Li, Song, Strominger(2008)]
null-warped AdS with µl = 3[Anninos, Compere, de Buyl, Detourney, Guica(2010)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
New critical points of the SO(N) model
Xia is an 8× N rectangular matrix =>
generalize the VEV to a matrix: for I,A = 1, 2, .., p ≤ 8 [BN(2013)]
< Xia >→ vδI
A, => µl = 1/|1− 4p |
p = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 =>µl = 1
3 , 1, 3,∞, 5, 3,73 , 2
corresponding tocritical AdS for p = 2null-warped AdS (or Schödinger(z=2)) for p = 3, 6Minkowski for p = 4 (a BMS limit ??)
but in fact a special µl = 5 (p = 5) solution is also known![Ertl, Grumiller, Johansson(2010)]
in a similar context a new solution with µl = 2 (p = 8) foundrecently (vector fields crucial)[Deger, Kaya, Samtleben, Sezgin(Nov-2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
New critical points of the SO(N) model
Xia is an 8× N rectangular matrix =>
generalize the VEV to a matrix: for I,A = 1, 2, .., p ≤ 8 [BN(2013)]
< Xia >→ vδI
A, => µl = 1/|1− 4p |
p = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 =>µl = 1
3 , 1, 3,∞, 5, 3,73 , 2
corresponding tocritical AdS for p = 2null-warped AdS (or Schödinger(z=2)) for p = 3, 6Minkowski for p = 4 (a BMS limit ??)
but in fact a special µl = 5 (p = 5) solution is also known![Ertl, Grumiller, Johansson(2010)]
in a similar context a new solution with µl = 2 (p = 8) foundrecently (vector fields crucial)[Deger, Kaya, Samtleben, Sezgin(Nov-2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
New critical points of the SO(N) model
Xia is an 8× N rectangular matrix =>
generalize the VEV to a matrix: for I,A = 1, 2, .., p ≤ 8 [BN(2013)]
< Xia >→ vδI
A, => µl = 1/|1− 4p |
p = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 =>µl = 1
3 , 1, 3,∞, 5, 3,73 , 2
corresponding tocritical AdS for p = 2null-warped AdS (or Schödinger(z=2)) for p = 3, 6Minkowski for p = 4 (a BMS limit ??)
but in fact a special µl = 5 (p = 5) solution is also known![Ertl, Grumiller, Johansson(2010)]
in a similar context a new solution with µl = 2 (p = 8) foundrecently (vector fields crucial)[Deger, Kaya, Samtleben, Sezgin(Nov-2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
New critical points of the SO(N) model
Xia is an 8× N rectangular matrix =>
generalize the VEV to a matrix: for I,A = 1, 2, .., p ≤ 8 [BN(2013)]
< Xia >→ vδI
A, => µl = 1/|1− 4p |
p = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 =>µl = 1
3 , 1, 3,∞, 5, 3,73 , 2
corresponding tocritical AdS for p = 2null-warped AdS (or Schödinger(z=2)) for p = 3, 6Minkowski for p = 4 (a BMS limit ??)
but in fact a special µl = 5 (p = 5) solution is also known![Ertl, Grumiller, Johansson(2010)]
in a similar context a new solution with µl = 2 (p = 8) foundrecently (vector fields crucial)[Deger, Kaya, Samtleben, Sezgin(Nov-2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
New critical points of the SO(N) model
Xia is an 8× N rectangular matrix =>
generalize the VEV to a matrix: for I,A = 1, 2, .., p ≤ 8 [BN(2013)]
< Xia >→ vδI
A, => µl = 1/|1− 4p |
p = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 =>µl = 1
3 , 1, 3,∞, 5, 3,73 , 2
corresponding tocritical AdS for p = 2null-warped AdS (or Schödinger(z=2)) for p = 3, 6Minkowski for p = 4 (a BMS limit ??)
but in fact a special µl = 5 (p = 5) solution is also known![Ertl, Grumiller, Johansson(2010)]
in a similar context a new solution with µl = 2 (p = 8) foundrecently (vector fields crucial)[Deger, Kaya, Samtleben, Sezgin(Nov-2013)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
The Higgsed Chern-Simons sector
Symmetry breaking:(compare to [Mukhi, Papageorgakis(2008)],[Mukhi(2011)])
conformal –> AdSSO(N)× SOR(8)→ SO(N − p)× SOR(8− p)× SOdiag(p)
field equations in the SOdiag(p) sector (with m = gv2)
2εF(A) + m(A− B) = gXD(A,B)X (1)
εG(B) + m(A− B) = −gXD(A,B)X (2)
For zero coupling g = 0, eliminating B gives the exact form of thefield equation (P = d + A):
εF = 4mεP(εF) + 8
m2 ε(εF, εF) (3)
while for g non-zero an iteration is needed:
m(B− A) = Σn≥0(Xv )n(2εF − gXP(A)X)(X
v )n (4)
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
The Higgsed Chern-Simons sector: the spectrum
Split the indices: i→ (i, I), a→ (a,A)indices I and A identified under the diagonal SOdiag(p)
Scalars:
xia = (xi
a, xiA, xI
a, xIA) where
xIA = (z,w(IA), y[IA])
the physical ones after higgsing are
xia, z, wAB (some with masses equal to the BF bounds !)
Vector fields:the massive ones (YM+CS, see above)
AAaµ , BiJ
µ , AIJµ
while the rest are massless!
Leads to supermultiplets with an a index and without an a!
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
Questions and speculations
"Sequential AdS/CFT": AdS4/CFT3 → AdS3/CFT2 ?:dynamical (relies on spin 2 Neumann b.c.) [BN(2012)]from AdS foliations [Compere, Marolf(2008)]from higher spin algebra/unfolding [Vasiliev(2000, 2012)]
Neumann b.c. for the AdS4 bulk metric for spin 1 and 2 =>Chern-Simons or Cotton terms on the boundary[Witten(2003)],[Leigh, Petkou(2003,2007)],[Compare, Marolf(2008)],[de Haro(2008)]
Neumann b.c. for all spins used in recent anomaly computations(all-spin cancellations)[Giombi et al(2013)], [Giombi, Klebanov(2013)],[Tseytlin(2013)]
the AdS4 bulk should be an N = 8 higher spin theory(see work by Vasiliev and Sezgin-Sundell) —>
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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AdS4 Vasiliev higher spin theories
AdS4 Vasiliev systems: (very schematically)
action formulation not known
Interaction ambiguity given by θ parameters (all products ∧ and ?):3 master fields: W (gauge 1-form), B (scalar), J (current)
dW + W2 = J + cc,dB + WB− Bπ(W) = 0J = f (B)dz2 with f (B) = B eθ(B)
θ(B) = θ0 + θ2B2 + ..
The parity preserving A and B models are (with θ2n = 0 for n ≥ 1)θ0 = 0: dual to free scalar O(N) model on the boundary(φ2 a ∆ = 1 operator): bulk scalar with N bc –> CFTUV
[Klebanov-Polyakov (2002)]
θ0 = π2 : dual to free fermion O(N) model on the boundary
(ψ2 a ∆ = 2 operator): bulk scalar with D bc –> CFTIR
[Sezgin-Sundell (2005)]
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Possible connection to AdS4 Vasiliev higher spin theories:non-trivial θ
The CFT3 to BULK dictionary:
CS with finite level k <—> θ0 non-trivial: parity non-symmetric!
Bosonization-like features arise when comparing the different freeand interacting boundary theories! [Aharony, Gur-Ari, Yacoby (2012)]
by choosing b.c. one gets susy CFTs but only for N ≤ 6 CFTs[Chang, Minwalla, Sharma, Yin (2012)]
top gauged N = 8 vector model <—> bulk?? (work in progress)
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Conformal higher spins in 3d: covariant action
Vasiliev’s AdS4 theory with Neumann b.c. on HS gauge fields =>conformal 3d HS theory on the boundary!
What is this conformal theory? How can it be constructed?Is there a Lagrangian? Coupling to scalars?
Poisson bracket construction[Blencowe(1989), Pope-Townsend(1989)]
conformal algebra in 3d: SO(3, 2)realized with Poisson brackets for qα, pα (bosonic spinors)even polynomials in qα, pα => higher spin (HS) algebragauge all generators using a HS gauge field A
then: F = dA + A ∧ A = 0 gives for any spin s = n + 1:generalized Cotton equations for ea1...an
µ (the HS frame fields)constraints
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Conformal higher spins in 3d: covariant action
Vasiliev’s AdS4 theory with Neumann b.c. on HS gauge fields =>conformal 3d HS theory on the boundary!
What is this conformal theory? How can it be constructed?Is there a Lagrangian? Coupling to scalars?
Poisson bracket construction[Blencowe(1989), Pope-Townsend(1989)]
conformal algebra in 3d: SO(3, 2)realized with Poisson brackets for qα, pα (bosonic spinors)even polynomials in qα, pα => higher spin (HS) algebragauge all generators using a HS gauge field A
then: F = dA + A ∧ A = 0 gives for any spin s = n + 1:generalized Cotton equations for ea1...an
µ (the HS frame fields)constraints
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Conformal higher spins in 3d: covariant action
Consider spin 2:the generators Pa,Ma,D,Ka are bilinear in q, p:
Ma(1, 1) = − 12(σa)α
βqαpβ, etc (5)
Decompose F = dA + A2 = 0 using gauge fields e, ω, b, fFa(2, 0) = Dea(2, 0) = 0 (zero torsion constraint)FL
a (1, 1) = Ra(1, 1) + e(2, 0), f (0, 2)|Ma = 0FD(1, 1) = db(1, 1) + e(2, 0), f (0, 2)|D = 0(gauge b = 0 => constraint on Schouten tensor)Fa(0, 2) = Dfa(0, 2) = 0 (Cotton equation: Cµν = 0)
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Conformal higher spins in 3d: covariant action
Even polynomials in qα, pα => higher spin (HS) algebrageneralized exact Cotton equations for ea1...an
µ (= HS frame fields)after "solving" F = 0 the remaining fields in A are [BN(2013)]
f a1...anµ (0, 2n), f a1...an
µ (1, n− 1), ..., ωa1...anµ (n, n), ..., ea1...an
µ (2n, 0)
the first one is the HS "Schouten tensor"the last one is the HS frame field in terms of which all other(non-zero) fields are expressed!!spin 3 sector done in detail
=> spin s conformal field equations with 2s− 1 derivatives
this suggests using HS "spin connections" ω(n, n)(e) to write aChern-Simons type action
only (spin 2) covariant tensors appear
but such an action is not consistent with the Poisson bracket fieldequations! →
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Conformal higher spins in 3d: covariant action
Solution: Quantization [BN(2013)]
quantize qα, pα: => multi-commutators
expand the F = 0 equations in terms of these multi-commutators
may (?) give the full star product action now in covariant form
S =
∫Tr(ΩdΩ +
23
Ω ∧ Ω ∧ Ω)
where
Ω =
∞∑s=2
asω(s− 1, s− 1)
if the interaction terms require other fields than ω (as whencoupling to scalars) this action is a convenient starting point
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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This strategy can be used also for coupling to scalar fields:
The conformal coupling Rφ in the scalar field equation is due toquantization and unfolding of the eq. (D = d + A):
DΦ(x; p)|0 >= 0
HS analogues of Rφ easy to derive (in principle)
What about the back reaction in the HS gauge field equation?(Star product version of F = dA + A2 = J(Φ))
Write down the action giving the above scalar field equation!(containing the fields f (n− 1, n + 1) in the level above ω(n, n))Is this consistent?Not clear since the star product formulation of the equation F = Jwith currents J constructed from Φ is not known!(which it is in AdS for non-conformal HS (Vasiliev))
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 S
This strategy can be used also for coupling to scalar fields:
The conformal coupling Rφ in the scalar field equation is due toquantization and unfolding of the eq. (D = d + A):
DΦ(x; p)|0 >= 0
HS analogues of Rφ easy to derive (in principle)
What about the back reaction in the HS gauge field equation?(Star product version of F = dA + A2 = J(Φ))
Write down the action giving the above scalar field equation!(containing the fields f (n− 1, n + 1) in the level above ω(n, n))Is this consistent?Not clear since the star product formulation of the equation F = Jwith currents J constructed from Φ is not known!(which it is in AdS for non-conformal HS (Vasiliev))
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers
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Summary
Main points:
Topologically gauged 3d free CFTs with N = 8 susy areSO(N) vector models (BLG only SO(4))
These theories have new scalar potentials =>special/critical background solutions forµl = 1
3 , 1, 3,∞, 5, 3,73 , 2
"Sequential" AdS/CFT based on N b.c. ?AdS4/CFT3: 3d conformal HS theory plays a role for N b.c.
a covariant star product Lagrangian can be constructed startingfrom a Poisson bracket formulation (CS again??)coupling 3d conformal HS to scalars still tricky!
Thanks for your attention!
Topologically gauged CFTs in 3d: solutions, AdS/CFT and higher spins Bengt E.W. Nilsson, Chalmers