TOPIK BINTRODUCTION TO IATA

• International Air Transport Association

• Founded in 1919

• reorganized in 1945

• trade body comprising 80% world airlines which operate on international route

• head office in Montreal, Canada

• main function:

“ to simplify ticketing procedures and to monitor airlines all over the world to work together “

              

HISTORY OF IATA

• IATA was founded in Havana, Cuba, in April 1945.

• It is the prime vehicle for  inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe, reliable, secure and economical  air services - for the benefit of the world's consumers.

• The international  scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100 times larger than it was in 1945.

•  At its founding, IATA had 57 Members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America.

• Today it has over 230 Members from more than 130 nations in every part of the globe. 

• The modern IATA is the successor to the International  Air Traffic Association founded in the Hague in 1919 - the year of the  world's first international scheduled services.

IATA brings together approximately 280 airlines, including the world's largest. Flights by these airlines comprise more than 95 percent of all international scheduled air traffic.

Mission is to "represent and serve the airline industry".

IATA helps to ensure that Members' aircraft can operate safely, securely, efficiently and economically

IATA’s FUNCTIONS

1. Control over air-fares on international route

2. Promote safe, regular and economic air transport

3. Provide means for collaboration between air carrier (airlines)

4. Cooperate with International Civil Aviation Association (ICAA) and other international bodies for the promotion of safety and effective communication

5. Control many aspects of airline’s operation such as:

a) leg room

b) kind of meals

c) Cabin crew uniform

d) entertainment

6. Monitor areas of:

a) safety & security

b) environment

c) medical

d) legal

e) finance and accounting

g) standardization of fares, documentation and code of ethics.

FARE CONSTRUCTION – IATA AREAS• IATA has divided the world into three areas

• They are called Area 1, Area 2 and Area 3

• Also known as TC 1, TC 2 and TC 3

• TC stands for Traffic Conference

• The purpose : fare construction

AREA 1 (TC 1)

Covers the following sub areas of

- North America

- Central America (excluding Panama)

- South America (including Panama)

- Carribean

- Greenland

AREA 2 (TC2)

Covers the following sub areas of

- Europe ( including Morocco, Algeria,

Tunisia and West Russia)

- Middle East (including Egypt and Sudan)

- Africa

AREA 3 (TC 3)

Covers the following sub areas of

- Asia (including East Russia)

- South Pacific Islands

- Australia

- New Zealand

BILATERAL AGREEMENT

Definition:

“ Permission for each nation to take advantage of the traffic potential of the point granted in each country”

BILATERAL AGREEMENT

based on the Chicago Convention 1944

also known as “open sky policy” or ‘freedoms of the air”

each is subject to the specific conditions, that are determined through bilateral agreements between any two of the countries that are parties to the Convention.

BILATERAL AGREEMENTThe needs for bilateral agreement are to:

1) Maximize regulation of the routes

2) Control flight frequency

3) Control market shares

4) Encourage healthy competition between airlines.

5) Encourage development of route.

6) Discourage over capacity.

7) Protect profitability of the national flag carrier (airline owned by any government)

THE FREEDOM OF THE AIR(OPEN SKY POLICY)

‘RULES OF THE ROAD’ – Chicago Convention in 1944

Open sky policy is designed to:

a) Promote world air services.

b) Reach agreement on standard operating. procedures for air services between countries.

c) Secure diplomatic relation between countries.

d) Protect flag carrier company.

FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

1) An airlines

2) Origin @ Country of commencement (COC)

3) Destination

3 things to determine each freedom as follows:

Try to find the below cities

i. Mexico

ii. Brazil

iii. London

iv. Miami

v. Brazil

vi. Tokyo

vii. Seoul

viii.San Francisco

FREEDOMS OF THE AIRIATA has introduced 8th freedoms as follows:

First Freedom:

The right of an airline to overfly one country to get to another .

US Mexico Brazil

A US airline bound for Brazil overflies Mexico

Second Freedom:

The right of an airline to land in another country for a technical stopover (fuel, maintenance,etc) but not to pick up or drop off traffic.

FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

US Mexico Brazil

A US airline lands in Mexico for refueling

MEXICO

BRAZIL

US

Third Freedom:

The right of an airline, registered in country X, to drop off traffic from country X into country Y.

FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

US Mexico Brazil

A US airline carrying US citizens to be dropped off in Mexico

Fourth Freedom:

The right of an airline, registered in country X, to carry traffic back to country X from country Y

FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

US Mexico Brazil

A US airline carrying visitors from Mexico into the US

Fifth Freedom:

The right of an airline, registered in country X, to collect traffic in country Y and fly on to country Z, so long as the flight either originates or terminates in country X

FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

US Mexico Brazil

A US airline destined for Brazil may stop to pick up passengers in Mexico along its route

MEXICO

BRAZIL

US

Pick up passenger

Sixth Freedom:

The right of an airlines, registered in country X, to carry traffic to a gateway-a point in county X- and then abroad to a third country. The traffic has neither its origin nor ultimate destination in county X.

FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

London Miami Brazil

A US airline carrying British passengers from London destined for Brazil may stopover in Miami as a gateway to

South America destinations

MEXICO

BRAZIL

US

Pick up passenger

Seventh Freedom:

The right of an airline, registered in country X , to operate entirely outside of country X in carrying traffic between two other countries.

FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

US Tokyo Seoul

A US airline flies a shuttle service Tokyo and Seoul

Eighth Freedom:

The right of an airline, registered in county X, to carry traffic between any two points of country Y. This right is often referred to as cabotage. The 8th freedom is generally viewed as an infringement on the rights of domestic carriers.

FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

Japan Honolulu San Francisco

A Japanese airline carries traffic between Honolulu and San Francisco.

ICAO (INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION)

Also a result of Chicago Convention

Signed on 7 December 1944 by 52 States

Develop in a safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically

Introduction:

ICAO (INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION)

THE PURPOSE OF ICAO:

1. Help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world,

  2. To avoid friction and to promote that co-

operation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends.

CAA (CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY)

-  CAA is a public corporation, was established by Parliament in 1972 as an independent specialist aviation regulator and provider of air traffic services

      the CAA is the UK’s specialist aviation regulator

-         world leader in its field

Its specific responsibilities include: -         Air safety-         Economic Regulation-         Airspace Regulation-         Consumer Protection-         Environmental Research &

Consultancy

CAA(CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY)

The purpose of CAA: -  ensures that UK civil aviation standards are set and

achieved - regulates airlines, airports and National Air Traffic

Services economic activities  - manages the UK’s principal travel protection

scheme, the Air Travel Organiser’s (ATOL) scheme, licenses UK airlines and manages consumer issues

 -  Brings civil and military interests together to ensure

that the airspace needs of all us as equitably as possible