TOPIC

School of EngineeringMechanical Engineering

ENGR 114

Engineering Graphics & CAD

© Tulong Zhu, All rights reserved.

01Introduction: Modern CAD/CAE/CAM Tools and Their Applications

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CAD/CAE/CAM: State of the Art

• An Essential Tool for Mech. Design and DraftingMore than one million mechanical engineers, designers

and analysts worldwide use advanced 3-D solid modeling technology

Another two million use 2-D mechanical drafting

• A Key for Improved ProductivityEntire automobiles, airplanes, jet engines, buildings,

bridges, etc., are being designed in an integrated (CAD/CAE/CAM) manner.

Internet is being used to exchange design data worldwide.Products that previously took several years to bring to

market can be developed in just months.The products are more reliable, meet customer

expectations better, and are less costly to manufacture.

Terminology

State of the Art

• CAD: Computer Aided Design• CAE: Computer Aided Engineering• CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing

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CAD/CAE/CAM: Applications

Motion Simulation

Analysis & Optimization

Manufacturing Planning of Simulation

• Machining

• Industrial Robots

• Mechanism Design and Simulation

• …

• Pre- and Post- Processors for Finite Element Analysis (Mechanics, Dynamics, Thermo-flow, etc.)

• Identification of Optimal Design Parameters and Configurations

• Motion Analysis (Location, Speed, Acceleration and Force)

Mechanical Design and Visualization

• Detailed Design and Electronic Drafting

• Parametric Modeling

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Some Popular Integrated CAD/CAE/CAM Tools

• Pro/ENGINEER (PTC)

• CATIA (Dassault Systemes - IBM)

• Unigraphics Solutions (Electronic Data Systems Corp - EDS)

• I-DEAS (EDS)

Professional CAD/CAE/CAM Tools

Other CAD & Graphics Packages

• AutoCAD Mechanical Desktop

• SolidWorks (CATIA)

• Solid Edge (EDS)

• MicroStation

• Intergraph

• …

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Pro/Engineer©

• One of the CAD/CAM/CAE industry’s leading suppliers of software tools from Parametric Technology Corp. (PTC)

• A pioneer of the new feature-based, parametrically driven design paradigm in late 1980s, now industrial standard.

• A system used to automate the development of a mechanical product from its conceptual design through production.

• Offering integrated software technologies to reduce time to market, improve engineering process, and optimize product quality.

• One of the fastest growing companies in the mechanical design automation market.

• Improved user’s interface in recent release (Pro/Engineer© WildfireTM).

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CATIA©

• A process-centric CAD/CAM software solution marketed exclusively by IBM and manufactured by Dassault Systems

• A system used to design and manufacture many complex 3D products. Today, 7 out of every 10 airplanes and 4 out of every 10 cars are designed using CATIA-CADAM Solutions, making it the de facto standard for these markets.

A software of choice for a wide variety of applications ranging from consumer goods and machinery to plant design and shipbuilding.

300,000 CATIA users worldwide, nearly half in English language markets.

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I-DEAS©

• A full spectrum design modeling, analysis, simulation, and manufacturing CAD/CAE/CAM software from Structural Dynamics Research Corporation (SDRC, now owned by EDS)

• One of the older and well-established CAD/CAE system, having a significant market share.

• Having very strong CAE capabilities• A software of choice for a wide variety of applications ranging from consumer

goods and machinery to automotive (Ford Motor Company)

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Unigraphics©

• A full spectrum design modeling, analysis, simulation, and manufacturing CAD/CAE/CAM software from EDS

• One of the older and well-established CAD/CAE system.• A software of choice for a wide variety of applications, especially in

automotive and aerospace product development.

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Solid Edge©

• Powerful modeling tools• Integrated design management• Productivity for large assemblies• Ease of adoption• Model faster• Eliminate errors with engineering aids• Drafting tools• Unmatched interoperability• Design-through-manufacturing• Someimes refered as the simplified version of “Unigraphics”.

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SolidWorks©

• 3D Computer-aided Mechanical Design software from SolidWorks Corp. founded in 1993 and acquired be Dassault System (owns CATIA) in 1997.

• A leader of the group of new lower-priced mechanical design solution companies based upon component software.

• A system used for designing and engineering parts and assemblies in a completed 3D-centric process linked to automated assembly and drafting functions.

• The first solid modeling program to run in native Windows 95 and NT environments, and sells for a fraction of the cost of similar programs.

• Easy to learn (relatively).

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MicroStation©

• A premier CAD software for infrastructure engineering and major architectural and civil engineering from Bentley Systems, Incorporated, the worldwide leader in engineering software products, user services and overall quality.

• The software foundation underlying the engineering of well- known buildings, airports, hospitals, highways, bridges and industrial plants throughout the world, used in over 70% of the largest US engineering firms.

• Bentley System now serves over 250,000 professionals in construction engineering, geo- engineering, and mechanical engineering fields.

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AutoCAD and Mechanical Desktop• A world’s leading PC-based 3D mechanical design package, from AutoDesk

Inc.• Used to be the primary PC drafting package (dealer, PC)• The world’s most popular CAD software due to its lower cost and PC

platform• Flexible programming tools, AutoLISP, ADS and ARX• New features (Mechanical Desktop):

ACIS 3.0 Advanced Solid Modeling Engine NURBS Surface Modeling Robust Assembly Modeling and Automated Associative Drafting

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What Is Design?Design • Definition: The process of bringing together engineering

principles, material resources, and creativity to produce a new solution to a well defined problem

• A non-linear processConcurrent engineeringMany of the processes in design may be revisited several

times

• Engineers are just some of the players

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A Six Step Design Process: Step 1Step 1: Problem Identification

• What is the problem?Defining the problem is the most important step in the

design processBe creative even at this step (brainstorm)

• What part of the problem do we hope to solve?• What is the design criteria?

What limitations or conditions will restrict the design?• Make a formal problem statement

Problem Description o A concise description capturing the main problem

Requirementso Conditions that must be satisfiedo Prioritize other items

Limitationso Determine constraints (cost, space, weight, environment,

etc.)Additional information

o Has this problem been addressed in the past?o Are there solutions to similar problems?

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A Six Step Design Process: Steps 2-4Step 2: Preliminary Ideas

• BrainstormWild ideas are encouragedUse your imagination (be creative)

• Make sketches

Step 2: Preliminary design

• Select best of preliminary ideas

• Combine ideas

• Refine sketches

• Develop simple computer models

• Evaluate the merits of each design

• Look at the most promising ideas from the previous step• Work out the details of each design

More sophisticated computer modeling (design visualization)

How will the proposed design interact with other systems? How will the parts be made? What materials will be used? Rapid prototyping

Step 2: Refinement

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A Six Step Design Process: Steps 5-6Step 5: Analysis

• Apply engineering and scientific principles to evaluate the design Stress, fatigue, or wear analysis Thermal analysis, etc.

Step 6: Preliminary design

• Select best of preliminary ideas• Combine ideas• Refine sketches • Develop simple computer models• Evaluate the merits of each design

• Choose the best design based on results of the previous steps (refinement and analysis)

• DocumentationDesign drawings (needed for patent application)Create working drawings (production drawings)Technical illustrations

• Build a prototype• Do thorough testing• Marketing• Production planning

Step 2: Implementa-tion