Topic 9.ppt

8/7/2019 Topic 9.ppt

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CLASSIFACTION

OFRESEARCH

DR. RAFAQAT ALI AKBARASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION &RESEARCH

UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB


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OBJECTIVES OF THE TOPIC

After studying this topic you will be able to:

k now different basis of classification of research

Define different types of research

Explain characteristics of different types of research


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CLASSIFACTION BY PURPOSEBASIC RESEARCH

It generates a body of k nowledge by trying tocomprehend how certain problems that occurs in anorganization can be solved.

It develops theory or law by the discovery of broadgeneralizations or Principles.It leads to k nowledge for the sa k e of k nowledge.The findings of such research contribute to thebuilding of k nowledge in the various functionalareas of the business.It has no immediate or planned application.Such k nowledge generated is usually later appliedorganizational settings for problem solving.


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APPLIED RESEARCH

: It is the research done with the intention of applyingthe results of findings to solve specific problemscurrently being experienced in the organization.

It is applied in nature.Its purpose is improving a product or processTesting theoretical concepts in actual problem

situation.To solve a current problem faced by the manager in the wor k setting, demanding a timely solution.


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ACTION RESEARCHA method of initiating change processes with

an incremental focus for narrowing the gap betweendesired and actual state.

It focuses on problem here & now in a local setting.Its findings are applicable on local not universal.

Its findings are for improving organizationalpractices.It is primarily distinguishable in terms of its purpose,which is to influence or change some aspect ofwhatever is the focus of the research.Adds the promotion of change to the traditionalresearch purposes of description, understanding &explanation.It solve day to day problems not contribute toscience.


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EVALUATIVE RESEARCH:

It deals with judgment of effectiveness, social utilityor desirability of a product, process or program interms of defined and agreed upon objectives andvalues.

Its recommendations are for actions andimprovements.

It is not concerned with generalization that may beextended to other settings.


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REASEARCH &DEVELOPMENT

It deals with development of effective products touse in an organization not to formulate or test atheory.

R&D results in quality products.

R&D results in producing training material for managers, personnels, organizational targetsadvertisements, media materials and managementsystem.


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CLASSIFACTION BY METHOD

All research studies have certainprocedure/method. This specific proceduredetermined the nature of research.

Each of the method is designed to answer adifferent types of questions.By using different methods research may be

classified i.e. historical research,descriptive research and experimentalresearch.


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HISTORICAL RESEARCH

It involves the systematic search for the commentsdocuments & other sources that contains facts related tothe historians questions about the past.

It answer WHAT WAS , process involves investigating,

recording, analyzing and interpreting the event of thepast for the purpose of discovering generalizations thatare helpful in understanding the past & present and to alimited extent in anticipating the future.Historian discovers data through a search of historicalsources.Primary source of data provides first hand k nowledgesuch as eye witness reports & original documents andsecondary source of data constitute second handinformation such as description of an event by other than an eye witness.


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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

It involves collecting data in order to test hypothesis or answer questions concerning the currentstatus/situation of the subject of study.

It determines and reports the why th ings are.It involves assessing attitude or opinion to wardindividuals, organizations, events or functions.A research that describes the variables in present

situation of interest to the researcher.It is further divided into: qu antitative research &qu alitative research.


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Q UANTITAVE RESEARCH

It is the research involving analyses of data thatarent descriptive in nature and readily quantifiable

It involves some type of comparison or contrast and

attempt to discover relationship between existingnon manipulated variables.Data in the form of numbers.Some statistical analysis /procedures are used to

describe the results of study.Techniques for dealing such quantitative data areessential features of your professional life.


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Q UALITATIVE RESEARCH

It is the research involving analyses of data thatare descriptive in nature and not readily quantifiable.

Use non quantitative methods.

Find relationship between non quantifiable existingvariablesReferred to information gathered in a narrative formthrough interviews and observations.Collection of words are variously described as richfull and real and contrasted with thin abstractions ofnumbers.Non numerical data typically but not necessarily inthe form of words.


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EXPERIMENTEL RESEARCH

A study in which the researcher might createan artificial setting, control some variables &manipulate the independent variable to establishcause-and-effect relationships.

It describe wh at w ill be when certain variables aremanipulated.Focus is on variable relationships.

Generalizes the research findings to other situations& populations not warranted by the experimentaldesign & sampling procedures.


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CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

It determine weather to what degree a relationshipexists between two or more quantifiable variables.

Its purpose is may be to establish relationship or touse relationship in ma k ing predictions.Number of variables are believed to be related to amajor complex variables.


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CAUSAL RESEARCH

It is the study which establish cause-and- the effect relationships between two or amongmore variables .

It is done when it is necessary to establish adefinitive/ distinctive relationship.The independent variable or cause is notmanipulated. It has already occurred.


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THANKYOU

QUESTIONS PLEASE

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Topic 9.ppt