Topic 1 Earth Energy

7/29/2019 Topic 1 Earth Energy

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INSC201: Energy!

Instructors: Baski & Hunnicutt (sec 001), Woodworth (sec 002),

Reber (sec 003), Baski & Ye (sec 901)

Pre-requisites: Math 131 or Stat 208 (proficiency with basic algebra)

Highly Recommended: CPS clicker (register at Blackboard)

Optional: Energy, Environment & Climate by Wolfson

Why is the bulb crossed out?

Three Gorges Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxwV7QVW2C8&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxwV7QVW2C8&NR=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dreischluchtendamm_hauptwall_2006.jpg


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Energy! Course Trivia

Did you hear about this course from a friend? (a) yes (b) no

How many total students are enrolled inEnergy! this semester?

(a) 450 (b) 700 (c) 900How many students have already takenEnergy! since it was first

offered in Fall 2008?

(a) 800 (b) 1,100 (c) 1,400

What percentage of students last semester 'did the work' and earned an

"A" or "B" inEnergy!(a) 50% (b) 75%


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Syllabus for INSC201: Energy!

Class Work(15% or 0%)need CPS clicker

Homework(35%)due on Wednesdays by 8 am in LON-CAPA

Quizzes (20% or 25%)due on Mondays by 8 am in LON-CAPA

Mid-term exam (10% or 15%)in-class and closed-book

Final exam (20% or 25%)in-class and closed-book

Grade calculated using both Method #1 & Method #2 and highest grade

is assigned. Class work is not required but highly recommended!


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Syllabus Questions

Have you used LON-CAPA before? (a) yes (b) no

Can you make-up a homework or quiz? (a) yes (b) no

For clicker class work, the answer must be correct for credit (unlessstarred) and there is a maximum of 10 points. If you miss 4

questions one day (out of 16 questions), then what is your score?(a) 6 pts (b) 7 pts (c) 8 ptsIf you correctly answered all 10 questions on a quiz but used two tries

on four of the questions, then what is your percentage score?

(a) 80% (b) 90% (c) 100%

How many grades can you drop for the following:

class work, homework, and quizzes? (3-digit answer)


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Reinforcement of Course Material

(1)

(2)

(3)

Clicker Questions

LON-CAPA Homework

Exam Questions

Mindful PRACTICE!


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Discussion Question: Energy Challenges

Which energy-related challenge are you mostconcerned about?

(a) Rising energy costs

(b) Climate change (e.g., global warming)

(c) Pollution such as acid rain


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Discussion Question: Energy Conservation

Which of these actions are you willing to do now?

(Enter in numeric order.)

(1) Recycle (cans, plastics, paper).

(2) Adjust your thermostat (5 colder in winter, warmer in summer).

(3) Drive 20% fewer miles, take public transportation, or drive a more

fuel efficient vehicle.

(4) Pay 30% more for gasoline and/or electricity for "energy" taxes.


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Topic 1: Our Earth!

Approximately how old is the Earth?

(a) 4.6 million years (b) 4.6 billion years (c) 4.6 trillion years

Approximately how many years have homo sapiens lived on Earth?

(a) 2,000years (b) 200,000 years (c) 20 million years


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History of Earth

Aerobic

life-forms

Anaerobiclife-forms

Photo-synthesis


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CarbonDioxide

Gas

OxygenGas

Sunlight

ENERGY

Chlorophyll

Photosynthesis

Consumed Produced

Sugarfuel

Water

When plants convert CO2and water into sugar fuel, the process:

(a) requires energy

(b) releases energy


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CarbonDioxide

Gas

OxygenGas

Sunlight

ENERGY

Chlorophyll

Photosynthesis

Consumed Produced

Sugarfuel

Water

Photosynthesis consumes __________. (Enter in numeric order.)

(1) O2 and sugar fuel

(2) CO2 and H2O(3) energy

Photosynthesis produces __________.


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Respiration (Combustion)

ENERGY!

Aerobic Life form

CarbonDioxide

GasWater

When life forms breathe and "combust" sugar fuel, the process:

(a) requires energy(b) releases energy

OxygenGas

Sugarfuel


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Respiration (Combustion)

ENERGY!

Aerobic Life form

CarbonDioxide

GasWaterOxygen

Gas

Sugarfuel

Respiration consumes __________. (Enter in numeric order.)

(1) O2 and sugar fuel

(2) CO2 and H2O(3) energy

Respiration produces __________.


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Size of Earth

What is the approximate

circumference of the Earth?(a) 6,400 km

(b) 40,000 km

(c) 12,800 km

Which is larger?

(a) km (kilometer)

(b) mile


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Structure of Earth

What major magnetic element

comprises the Earths inner core?

(a) steel

(b) lead

(c) iron

Does Earths magnetic field protect

it from the solar wind?

(a) yes

(b) no


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Temperature of Earth

Earths temperature has changedabout 30 C over the past few billion

years, where it has usually been warmer than today.

A temperature change of 30 C correspond to a change of how many

degrees in Fahrenheit? (Format = XX)

Hint: A change of 1C corresponds to a change of 1.8 F.


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Composition of Earth's Atmosphere

The "young" Earthhad an atmosphere that contained N2 and CO2.

Oxygen was not yet present because _______ did not yet occur.

(a) photosynthesis from plants (b) anaerobic life formsToday, the atmosphere is roughly 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen.

What gas has always been present in Earth's atmosphere?

(a) carbon dioxide (CO2) (b) oxygen (O2) (c) nitrogen (N2)

f


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Layers of Earth's Atmosphere

Mesosphere

~5080 km

Stratosphere

~1050 km

Troposphere

~010 km

80% mass

Temperature (C)

Altitu

de(km)

60 40 20 0 20

OZONE heats up!

10

20

30

40

50

60

L f E h' A h


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Layers of Earth's Atmosphere

What important gas exists in the stratosphere and helps protect us

from ionizing ultraviolet radiation?

(a) ozone(O3) (b) carbon dioxide (CO2) (c) nitrogen (N2)

Atmospheric temperatureincreases with altitude in which zone?

(a) Troposphere (b) Stratosphere (c) Mesosphere

S li ht S t R hi E th


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Sunlight Spectrum Reaching Earth

Sunlight INSIDE atmospherereaching Earths surface

Sunlight OUTSIDE atmosphere

46% 47%

Infrared

7%

UV

Percentage of incoming sunlight

400 2000750 1500 5002500

Sunlight peaks in which part of the spectrum? (a) UV (b) Vis (c) IR

Wavelength (nm)ShorterWavelengthHigherEnergy

1000x

Visible

LongerWavelengthLowerEnergy

Vi ibl P t f S li ht


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Visible Part of Sunlight

What is the shortest wavelength (or highest energy) light that our eyes

usually can see in units of nanometers (nm)? (= violet)(a) 100 nm (b) 280 nm (c) 400 nm (d) 750 nm (e) 1000 nm

What is the longest wavelength (or lowest energy) light that our eyes

usually can see? (= red)

Your eye is most sensitive to the color green. Which statement is true?

(a) green has a shorter wavelength than red

(a) green has a longer wavelength than red

Ult i l t P t f S li ht


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Ultraviolet Part of Sunlight

What type of UV light is mostly absorbed by the atmosphere?

(a) UVA (b) UVB (c) UVC

What type of UV light causes sunburn and is used for sunscreen

ratings?

S li ht i P t f El t ti S t


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Sunlight is Part of Electromagnetic Spectrum

Visible Light

Red Violet

Radio Waves Gamma RaysX-raysUVInfrared

LongerWavelength

LowerEnergy

ShorterWavelength

HigherEnergy

AM FMMicrowave

750 nm 400 nm

EM Spectrum in Physics Textbooks (reversed for Chemistry!)

G h G i E th At h


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Greenhouse Gases in Earths Atmosphere

1. Sunlight delivers energy to Earth (visible,UV)

3. Greenhouse gases absorb and

emit infrared (IR)radiation

(like a "blanket" on Earth)

2. Earth absorbs light and emits infrared (IR) radiation

Start PHET animation on greenhouse gases.

G h G


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Greenhouse Gases

Indicate the correct ORDER for the steps given below in the

greenhouse effect. (4-digit answer)

(a) Visible radiation passes through the Earth's atmosphere.

(b) The sun emits visible radiation.

(c) Greenhouse gases absorb and emit IR radiation.

(d) The ground absorbs visible radiation and emits IR radiation.

ORDER the types of EM radiation from lowest to highest energy.

(3-digit answer)

(a) ultraviolet (UV)

(b) infrared (IR)

(c) visible light (vis)

G h G


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Greenhouse Gases

Water vapor = 60% of natural greenhouse effect

Carbon dioxide = 26%

Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), & ozone (O3) = 8%

Rankthe following gases from those that contribute the most to the

greenhouse effect down to the least.

(a) H2O(b) N2 and O2

(c) CH4

(d) CO2

Vibrations and Bending ofCO2 = Greenhouse Gas that absorbs infrared

CO Processes on Earth


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CO2 Processes on Earth

Determine whether each process decreases (enter 0) or increases

(enter 1) CO2 levels in the atmosphere. (4-digit answer)

volcanic action

weathering of rocks with rain containing dissolved CO2 photosynthesis

burning of forests or gasoline (combustion)

CO Feedback Cycle on Earth


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CO2 Feedback Cycle on Earth

If the Earth's temperature increases, then

(a) rock weathering increases and the CO2 concentration increases.

(b) rock weathering increases and the CO2 concentration decreases.

(c) rock weathering decreases and the CO2 concentration decreases.

(d) rock weathering decreases and the CO2 concentration increases.

If the Earth's temperature initially increases, then rock weathering

causes the Earths temperature to eventually:

(a) increase more (b) decrease again

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Topic 1 Earth Energy