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C0119.7 698 TOP SECRET TOP SECUT . .. Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C., section 403g) I THIS DOCUMENT HAY NOT BE: REPRODUCED 29 July 1988 i. MEMORANDUM FOR: The Director of Central Intelligence SUBJECT USSR GENERAL STAFF LESSON: Organizational Structure of the Sc 1 1iet f.rmed Forces 1. The enclosed Intelligence Information Special Report is part of a series now in classified TOP SECRET, prepared in 1985 for use in the Voroshilov General Staff Academy. /71"------------ .... --------,, ..... ------,...JI this document e handled on a strict need-to-know basis within recipient agencies. 25Xl, · E.0.13526 f ' c l Y 1Char f'. Stolz Deputy Director for Operations TS i888643 Copy IL l ALL PORTIONS CARRY CLASSIFTCATIC'li\l J\ND CONTROLS OF OVERALL DOCUMENT Withheld under statutory authority of the Page 1 of 11 Pages Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C., section 403g) DECLASSIFIED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL, E.O. 13526, SECTION 5.3(b)(3) ISCAP APPEAL NO. 2012-026, document no. 16 DECLASSIFICATION DATE: May 14, 2015 TOP SECRET

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Page 1: TOP SECUT I - National ArchivesC01197698 . TO¥" SECR[T ) Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C., section 403g) Page 6 of 11 Pages

C01197 698 TOP SECRET

TOP SECUT

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g)

I THIS DOCUMENT HAY NOT BE REPRODUCED

29 July 1988

i

MEMORANDUM FOR The Director of Central Intelligence

SUBJECT USSR GENERAL STAFF 1 ~CiWEMY LESSON Organizational Structure of the Sc11iet frmed Forces

1 The enclosed Intelligence Information Special Report is part of a series now in prepa~ation classified TOP SECRET prepared in 1985 for use in the Voroshilov General Staff Academy

71--------------------------JI this document e handled on a strict need-to-know basis within recipient agencies

25Xl middotE013526

f c lY 1Char f Stolz Deputy Director for Operations

TS i888643 Copy IL

l ALL PORTIONS CARRY CLASSIFTCATIClil JND CONTROLS OF OVERALL DOCUMENT

Withheld under statutory authority of the Page 1 of 11 PagesCentral Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g)

DECLASSIFIED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL EO 13526 SECTION 53(b)(3)

ISCAP APPEAL NO 2012-026 document no 16 DECLASSIFICATION DATE May 14 2015

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WAIININQ NOTia-INTBUGNCE SOURCS ot MITHOD$1NV0LIEJ) HOT IIIUASAall TO IOllliOH NATIONALgtd

I

Distribution

The Director of Intelligence and Research Department of State

The Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Director Defense Intelligence Agency

The Assistant to the Chief of Staff for Intelligence Department of the Army

Directormiddot of Naval Intelligence Depa~tment of the Navy

1he A~sistant Chief of Staff I ntelligence U S Air Force

Director National Security Agency

Deputy Director of Central Intelligence

Deputy Ditbulleclor fo r Intellig~nCe

Director of Soviet Analysis

Director of Scientific and Weapons Research

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JQP SEGAH

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WARNING NOTICE-INTWGENCi SOUfiCES OR MfTHOOS

NOT llWASABlE TO FOREIGN NATIONAlS

THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED

Intelligence Information Special Report Page 3 of 11 Pages

Withheld under statutory authority of the -shyCentral Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g)

COUNTRY USSR

DATE OF DATE 29 July 1988

INFO 1985

SUBJECT

USSR GENERAL STAFF ACADEMY LESSON Organizationalmiddot Structu~r of t he Soviet Armed Forces

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Summary

The following intelligence report is a translation from Russian of the text of a lecture at the Vorostdlov General Staff Academy on the organizational structure of the Soviet Armed Forces ihis is apparently the introductory lecture in a series on the Soviet lirmed Forces Soviet operational art and the role of reconnaissance in operations In brief survey form it covers the nature and role of Soviet military doctrine the organization of the five branches of the Armed Forces and their branch arms and the basic hierarchy of organizational entities Of particular interest are references to current organizational and doctrinal issues and controversies including a reference to Marshal Ogarkovs 198ll article in Military Thought iri which he rejects of the idea of a limited nuclear war I I middot

End of Summart

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUH~ OF ide SOVIET ARMED FORCES

The organhatioral ~l rmiddotudurmiddot E of Lh~ arflleil rorces of any state including ours is defined above all by a set of sociopolitical factors that is state

middotpolicy which is based on social and state (word illegible] In addition the organizational structure of the armed forces of a state is influenced by a number of other factors

the size and quality of the populat i on

the moral and Olitical qualities or the population

the levei of economic development

the geographic location of the state a maritime power such as Great Britain is one thing and a continental country is another

historical trends in the development of the people

historical factors and a number of others

However a key factor in correcUy resolving issues of military organizational development is the scientific definition of the nature of a future war and the system of views on the sociopolitical and military aspects of preparing and wLging a wa~ ~1hich f s f o imiddotm ulat ed on this basis and approved by senior state anti military leaders agt military doctrine While we are familiar with the definition of mil i tary doctrine one thing should be explained when the question i s asked Hw1mt is doei r iite 1 the a nswer is given It is a systgtm of views on prmiddoteparing for and wag i ng war ih ~ s is all conbullect but the only 11ajor correction Js that this is not stmply a system of views Anyone is free to express hi~ views in the open press in periodical literature views are expressed n Military rhoughti Military doctrine is a system of officially approved views middot

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bullbullbull as the first chapter in the P~ inciples

it is not oallEli 11 llllcar Ooctrtne t1ut The Nature or Modern War fare However the rinciples were workP-d on for 15 yeatbulls by a large collective of generals aQct officers o ~ t he _Armed ror c e~ (lnd were ap_proved by thl government And ths is how t tJey de f lne war thP pEr i0ds 0f Har and how a war can be of 1ong or short- duration In other words this is a system of views whi oh has a methodolog f (nl bMis in a elass l fied Iss ue o r Hlltary Thought former Chief

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of tha General Staff Marshal of the Soviet Union Ogarkov makes some critical points For example he says that to think that there will be a period with limited employment of nuclear weapons ls ab$urd but in the Principles such a period is examined It r~ e ~w~im~ t~ ~ h~middotbullIB middot~i bmiddotc-msD ile fr0quently tie ourselves ( ~middot ~ l1iy2~y~middot ymsyu J to the ~middotlws of thE p1middotcoable adver-sacy quite closely so tmiddot~ s~ak this is one rtaso11 and a second reason is that it is truly difficult to predict

Soviet military doctrine must provide definite answers to the following questions

1 What is the degree of probabi lity that a war will begin and with what sort of adversary wfll we have to rteaJ

2 What will be the nature of thE lt~ilr ~rhat objectives will it pursue and what missions will be car-ried out

j llihampt arE the ltbullrmed forces that w~ wHl need to have in order to acco~pHsh these lllissions and in what direction will military organizational develop111ent middotbe carried out middot

4 lihich forms and methods are to be used to wage war The Principles have an entire section called Types Forms and Methods of Military Operations Danilevich who parttcipaJed in the Principles and led a group

which worked on operations wrote an article in Military Thought on the system of operatlors of the armiddot mlt~d forcPs MgtW that space is a factor and in addition to the two dimension~) depth and breadth F middot thirdl dimension the vertical dimen~ 1on hcv ap[Cgteared ln the air- land o~ ta tion in (word i legible] the system of~ single strategic middotoperation 57 other operations [word illegible ] An operation is a form C organizdion2l structure [ t-o words illegible] As for methods Jtmiddot i one bing to wzge a Hai lbullrith nucleltr weapons and another with conventicmal weapons

5 How should we prmiddotepare the country and the Armed Forces for war It is quite clear that (word illegible] an enumeration of these (issues] sounds quite concrete CJu [word illegible] illltlieaes tba t [ two words illegible J these Issues in order to give ~ definite nJwnmiddot tc them What are the armed forces that we are [developing [Word iJlegiblej the Strategic Rocket Forces when they were estahiished I ihree words illegible J not immediately but for a whole five year1 tbc issue war clofoated to etEgtbligtt or not to establish [the Strategic Hncket Forbullces 1 M a Slt1parte brltgtnchi Everyone has three branches but we had five middot

We hltIJe every reason to believe that ourmiddot Soviet military doctrine is being built and developed on a strictly scientific basis because it takes into consideration the economic capabilities of the country it is grounded in the

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political aspect it studies the nature of [twbullgt words illegible]of the probable adversary and it is guided by the present state of development of military science and lflilitary art The fact tbo1 Uutmiddote are some omissions [word illegible] natural inl3~much l the~~ ~~ Ct~ord lll~gj ble 1 We take the organization =f tre ~lli middot Smiddoti for ~e~ ~-D rr~Jbullmiddot ~middot il middot~ ~iTtmiddotc tmmiddote middotf r~ilitary unfts which ensures their middotptiwm 01t(liticm middot~112 u~dllluc comiddotrelalion between the types of weapons and the combat arms and the most successful performance of the tasks assigned to them The organization of the Armed Forces is a component part of military organizational development and covers all components of the Armed Forces-

The present-day stru~ture of thbull3 Sovl~t Almed Forces includes five branches plus the Rear S~rvfres of the Armed Forces the Civil Defense Forces the Border Troops the lnternel frcops ancl if we stlck closely to the Principles special trmiddotoop~ lts wen the Border O(ips artl subordinate to the Gommi ttee for State 5ec~ri t)r [KG~] the Internal Troop~ are ~uborcUnate to the Minister of Internal Artairs [HVD l aHhough ja bmld Ulegible j miHtay units -- all this is part of fword illegiblej units that is ~ it - is part of the Armed Forces Foreign sourcPs rate our dllil defense very highly Whether they actually know it~ statui or not they tate it very highly in their publications According to their sources not ours iOO persons for every 1000 are trained (Sever-al lines illegible J

A branch is a component of the Arllled Forces which has a particular kind of armaments anlti is ci~signated p carr-y uut r~issions within a particular spatial sphere in hs iirticie Uaniievich c1Lsirgul~hbullrs the following spheres cont irwnts gtHSi ~ vc~r ns zir nElf ~p~lmiddotmiddot l nilddie SJmce 1 and deep space In his articlft Ogadwv cif_~~tillfuistes the ioli tJiir) middot spheres under water above water shore anti Crmiddot In OttWi Hmbullc J tHd i if il~ ver)i coneept of spatial spheres is [wormiddotd i l~eEibleir r-lt~rit ul~xmiddot ly in connecti on ~Jth rhe fad that the problem of space s nm1 01 ve1bully c 1bullHic2 l ore

lbere are presenij_y Ji w~ branch~s in 0urmiddot ArDted Fotbullces I will provide a very br Jel ctescrlption of the 111-ssion structure and compo~iticm of branch arms for tach b~anch since there have been many changes in this area

The )tratflt(lc Rockltlt r middotnc SJ~ a1middote 1 mltjc1 IO~Jponent of the strategic nuclear forces of our tat~ ~middoto hasP con1e ltnmiddotound to rhe same LrJad as they have in the Unitelti States Tnn mibullgtn i or of this brrmd~ gt ro underntine the llllitarmiddoty and economic r-otcm ticbull l nf ~h~ ~ Jrobable adcr-s~ ry ciestrbullY nuclear missiles (printarmiddotHy strategimiddotc mudlpoundtgt desti OY lii tJjnr troCio grmiddotoupings disrupt highshylevel gov~rnmE rt and milttmmiddot~middotmiddot eommnnd and conrr-ol lnfJ disrupt the operation of the strbulla tEg ii c 1~ ear cmv i cPltL

Tite ttoops illd hrbullnnchr-$ of thp bulllrrJO fcrces 7 Jw lurHng the Stra tfgtg i c Rocket Forlt~ e$ cens1~( ot hrbullrnch ubullms sp~et8l (J bulloop~gt rear sqrviceuros units and

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facilities and facilitJes and institutions Until recently three or four years age this was the only branch of the Armed Forces that did not have its own branch arms At the present time l~e S~middot ltltegic Rocket Forces have the Intercontinental MissUfe TnJops (WI) 1-bullJr-pgt nd the Intermedtate-Range Missile

rTroops (RSD Trmiddotcp middot3fgt r~middotirrt a1~ 11 ~tmiddot ~hmiddot middot tJl~ fmm~dhtely mallte the reservation ~middotmiddot however that lld i 8 middotcrmiddotJ spelfiu ~ivisicm Ther do Mt have comltDanders-Jnshychief for each branch everything is from Tolubkos unified division and

everything is under unified [word illegible) in the Main Staff The only thing is that the sectors (napravleniya] aredistlnguished and their combat regulations also consist of two parts one part for each branch arm

[Unknown antount of t middot~llt missine J

bullbullbull aceohhng to f4artime JOampS irx 0ttte1bull ~oras these tr-oops are capable of carrying r~ut ltiisaions on all the continent ana in an geographic areas

Groun~ forces in tl-Jeuro rinciplesl until rbulleeently as (several words illegible] that ttle~ are the largest braneh of the Armed Forces and are used to

1 perform tasics in continental theaters of inilitary operatlons to seize and hold areasmiddot and liJ1eS this is their general mlssion

The Ground ~orces eons st of th(~ foiiowing branch arms Hotorized Rifle Troops lank Troops (shalom separately but actually under a unified command) RockP-t Troops and Artillery Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces and Airborne Troops i

[JnknrJWTl nlt)Lnt N teYr m5$~li ng ~i art1 ~rntf (I Viation oolhich i~ not a branch ar-1 of the Grotmd li middotJlt~ce~bull bui ls nc h1deci in eoillbJned-arms formations large unit 3nd units and at the ~ am- tLne Js a c~omponent of the Air forces army avlatior1 ls thJs lttgtai suoord1nation

liarious components hwe ~orHnted ro [rlimimlttesimpl ify this staff l and treshy Imiddot I

Ground lorcee in genen1 cs a bbullmiddotanch of Lhe Armed Forces but all of this j ~

somehow ctfd not [ord iJJegihJe Jn fad tle Ground Forces have developed 1ntennivey rmiddotec~mtiy middot b~eauw i~he g1middotound ioret or our probablP adversary are developing very aetiveJy It is suficieHt ~o note thai in recent years 1 that Iis during ~be eurrent per-iud 1 ihe JOWElt or il1e [word illegible) or 01 motorized rifle divisiou has increased oy a factor of 20 its fire [word illegible] has j

middot increasec hy factor of 2-l) thf numb= of [ wori HlE t~~-ble carriers has increa~l(Jd by a faci~or nf middotmiddoti and at~Jlrmiddot o J iima te1l 50 [ t~K1 worbullds illegibie] tanks in

i t a motori~ed tbulliile divisior1

Petbullhampps ti1e only braucl1 of the ~lm(ll1 r~middotorces lrrticll has particularly undergone reorampanhtlon f1re ttlf f-i f bull ~) t~fbull~nsltl Fmiddotvcwlt iJlt1 1e thai tl1 ~ s middotis thP Ai rbull Defense Forces not he AJ1bull Defnn11e Fo-rGes of tbP Country as they were called unt 11 recently Whereas untJl rPcently the Alr- Defense oorces had three branch arms

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they now have si~ Missile Attack Warning Troops Missile Defense Troops Space Defen~e Troopn Surface-to-Air Missile and Antiaircraft Artillery Troops Air Defense lwiation (not Fighter AviatorJ a tii s branch arm was previously called ) and Radio tedm gt _ lrncpt~

The numb~ )f ~~ middot middotc n~i1 -~ ~ ~ r- U t- Urmiddot D~ [Ew~B fu t eoc llas dcubled and naturally the tasks thi s branch performs have increased in volume and become more complex fn content These tasks are combatting the air and space enemy detecting a missile attack and warning the relevant authorities about it protecting a-dmin1strative-political industrial bull and military target s and in peacetime protecting the air borders monitoring observance of t he established flight regime ( three words i llegible] aviation including civil aviation and 110nitoring circuaterrestr ~ al space [ lJne ill~gible J Of course the system of co11aand and con tlol has c- hanged t o be procj s~ it has ~ come more complex due to the tact ~ha t llan lf of the f nnr tinns otmiddot the twt) branches [ the Jtir De f ense Forces and Air Fornes) lia ve been combined lllso a [word illegi bl e ] publication states that onemiddot of the s 1laquocial f tat -es of tbis bltanlth is that the air defense high command has bPer taken out of thPshy oper~ tiooal [word i llegi bi e ) so that all air def e nse means are curmiddottentl y middots ubordinate to the t heater command

Duril)g thElt prepar-a tion and part i eular-ly during th~ cond uct of fr ont operatiors the fr-ont has a comb i lled cbullllJIand poit of t he air tor-ces _andair defensel H i ~--usC rw~r bc irtg set up bui i ll ~ny event bull

[ Unkncwn anluuu t oi t ext middotmiss ing ~

[Ai l r li llts l lh is L~~ t hi only branch [bullild ] a the llr lled Forces wHh i ts own elemen ts ( v i ltiy j anrt coHpnrwnts (ImiddotodzJ lna ( Je the ~ lemen l s listed by Ogar-kov in thr~ -J ft l_ ro c t p i ~smiddot rNH~ i t ion lly d 1qte WPt-t alwayo elemen ts we did t hem that way ior ccnven ience f wo ltmiddotd illag i b lmiddot~] l etc th-P-se elemen t s The Princi p l es do ncbull bullt hale til is [Theymiddot ~d mpiy say ] thi t t -11 10bull Air Forces cons is i of Long-Range Aviat i on 11l1icil i n a ~omponent part of CnG 3t rategic nuclear f orces Front Aviation t1rmy AbullJirt tion arbull1 ~UHaty Tr-artEport IIJ 5 otion each of which consists of componntlt middot~le na Vt bull [ Uil k norm arMHm t (bullf t -J t mifgts f ng no t rre than severai_ U n~s ) s ~ Hbo te the Jd r lormiddotbull- -s htw-e the foUcJi ng aviat ion cOlllponents t omtJe r tirjl t ermiddot--oomaermiddot J fi gh tpound1 middot at acl r econnaissance transport and speciaJ rJvi n lion middot In mt~ of t he VG ~d ons of the Pr i nciples [several words illegible aJlto mt c UE middotshycampnYi ng bumber ( s evermiddotal ords illegible ] as an

inderYmd~n t (ltomr-onen t J 0 Ii1~ Hll~t~ i b1e ] middot

middotrni~ bro w~b of ttJe Abullmeri Fornfls i -ltmiddot ignrtl a large set of asks and has a broad rang1~ c mt os lmiddot~ns cif lir c i on Gf ll Ll t C~ ry- j nd us trial i nstallations disruption c f govexWient and mlli ~armiddot y cbullJmmrlnd nd control and di sruption o f the opera middoti-ton o t VH r e~ sbull~lri bull~( l ~ Tids bonch of the -Ar irHd For ces s upplies a ll the Armed rorces branches in n ngtJPr a t ~ on wit h aer_al reconna i sscnce da ta and

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carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

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A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

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Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

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WAIININQ NOTia-INTBUGNCE SOURCS ot MITHOD$1NV0LIEJ) HOT IIIUASAall TO IOllliOH NATIONALgtd

I

Distribution

The Director of Intelligence and Research Department of State

The Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Director Defense Intelligence Agency

The Assistant to the Chief of Staff for Intelligence Department of the Army

Directormiddot of Naval Intelligence Depa~tment of the Navy

1he A~sistant Chief of Staff I ntelligence U S Air Force

Director National Security Agency

Deputy Director of Central Intelligence

Deputy Ditbulleclor fo r Intellig~nCe

Director of Soviet Analysis

Director of Scientific and Weapons Research

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WARNING NOTICE-INTWGENCi SOUfiCES OR MfTHOOS

NOT llWASABlE TO FOREIGN NATIONAlS

THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED

Intelligence Information Special Report Page 3 of 11 Pages

Withheld under statutory authority of the -shyCentral Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g)

COUNTRY USSR

DATE OF DATE 29 July 1988

INFO 1985

SUBJECT

USSR GENERAL STAFF ACADEMY LESSON Organizationalmiddot Structu~r of t he Soviet Armed Forces

middot---middotmiddot--middot------------------------ SOURCE Documentary

Summary

The following intelligence report is a translation from Russian of the text of a lecture at the Vorostdlov General Staff Academy on the organizational structure of the Soviet Armed Forces ihis is apparently the introductory lecture in a series on the Soviet lirmed Forces Soviet operational art and the role of reconnaissance in operations In brief survey form it covers the nature and role of Soviet military doctrine the organization of the five branches of the Armed Forces and their branch arms and the basic hierarchy of organizational entities Of particular interest are references to current organizational and doctrinal issues and controversies including a reference to Marshal Ogarkovs 198ll article in Military Thought iri which he rejects of the idea of a limited nuclear war I I middot

End of Summart

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUH~ OF ide SOVIET ARMED FORCES

The organhatioral ~l rmiddotudurmiddot E of Lh~ arflleil rorces of any state including ours is defined above all by a set of sociopolitical factors that is state

middotpolicy which is based on social and state (word illegible] In addition the organizational structure of the armed forces of a state is influenced by a number of other factors

the size and quality of the populat i on

the moral and Olitical qualities or the population

the levei of economic development

the geographic location of the state a maritime power such as Great Britain is one thing and a continental country is another

historical trends in the development of the people

historical factors and a number of others

However a key factor in correcUy resolving issues of military organizational development is the scientific definition of the nature of a future war and the system of views on the sociopolitical and military aspects of preparing and wLging a wa~ ~1hich f s f o imiddotm ulat ed on this basis and approved by senior state anti military leaders agt military doctrine While we are familiar with the definition of mil i tary doctrine one thing should be explained when the question i s asked Hw1mt is doei r iite 1 the a nswer is given It is a systgtm of views on prmiddoteparing for and wag i ng war ih ~ s is all conbullect but the only 11ajor correction Js that this is not stmply a system of views Anyone is free to express hi~ views in the open press in periodical literature views are expressed n Military rhoughti Military doctrine is a system of officially approved views middot

[UnknoWTJ amount or text missing i

bullbullbull as the first chapter in the P~ inciples

it is not oallEli 11 llllcar Ooctrtne t1ut The Nature or Modern War fare However the rinciples were workP-d on for 15 yeatbulls by a large collective of generals aQct officers o ~ t he _Armed ror c e~ (lnd were ap_proved by thl government And ths is how t tJey de f lne war thP pEr i0ds 0f Har and how a war can be of 1ong or short- duration In other words this is a system of views whi oh has a methodolog f (nl bMis in a elass l fied Iss ue o r Hlltary Thought former Chief

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of tha General Staff Marshal of the Soviet Union Ogarkov makes some critical points For example he says that to think that there will be a period with limited employment of nuclear weapons ls ab$urd but in the Principles such a period is examined It r~ e ~w~im~ t~ ~ h~middotbullIB middot~i bmiddotc-msD ile fr0quently tie ourselves ( ~middot ~ l1iy2~y~middot ymsyu J to the ~middotlws of thE p1middotcoable adver-sacy quite closely so tmiddot~ s~ak this is one rtaso11 and a second reason is that it is truly difficult to predict

Soviet military doctrine must provide definite answers to the following questions

1 What is the degree of probabi lity that a war will begin and with what sort of adversary wfll we have to rteaJ

2 What will be the nature of thE lt~ilr ~rhat objectives will it pursue and what missions will be car-ried out

j llihampt arE the ltbullrmed forces that w~ wHl need to have in order to acco~pHsh these lllissions and in what direction will military organizational develop111ent middotbe carried out middot

4 lihich forms and methods are to be used to wage war The Principles have an entire section called Types Forms and Methods of Military Operations Danilevich who parttcipaJed in the Principles and led a group

which worked on operations wrote an article in Military Thought on the system of operatlors of the armiddot mlt~d forcPs MgtW that space is a factor and in addition to the two dimension~) depth and breadth F middot thirdl dimension the vertical dimen~ 1on hcv ap[Cgteared ln the air- land o~ ta tion in (word i legible] the system of~ single strategic middotoperation 57 other operations [word illegible ] An operation is a form C organizdion2l structure [ t-o words illegible] As for methods Jtmiddot i one bing to wzge a Hai lbullrith nucleltr weapons and another with conventicmal weapons

5 How should we prmiddotepare the country and the Armed Forces for war It is quite clear that (word illegible] an enumeration of these (issues] sounds quite concrete CJu [word illegible] illltlieaes tba t [ two words illegible J these Issues in order to give ~ definite nJwnmiddot tc them What are the armed forces that we are [developing [Word iJlegiblej the Strategic Rocket Forces when they were estahiished I ihree words illegible J not immediately but for a whole five year1 tbc issue war clofoated to etEgtbligtt or not to establish [the Strategic Hncket Forbullces 1 M a Slt1parte brltgtnchi Everyone has three branches but we had five middot

We hltIJe every reason to believe that ourmiddot Soviet military doctrine is being built and developed on a strictly scientific basis because it takes into consideration the economic capabilities of the country it is grounded in the

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political aspect it studies the nature of [twbullgt words illegible]of the probable adversary and it is guided by the present state of development of military science and lflilitary art The fact tbo1 Uutmiddote are some omissions [word illegible] natural inl3~much l the~~ ~~ Ct~ord lll~gj ble 1 We take the organization =f tre ~lli middot Smiddoti for ~e~ ~-D rr~Jbullmiddot ~middot il middot~ ~iTtmiddotc tmmiddote middotf r~ilitary unfts which ensures their middotptiwm 01t(liticm middot~112 u~dllluc comiddotrelalion between the types of weapons and the combat arms and the most successful performance of the tasks assigned to them The organization of the Armed Forces is a component part of military organizational development and covers all components of the Armed Forces-

The present-day stru~ture of thbull3 Sovl~t Almed Forces includes five branches plus the Rear S~rvfres of the Armed Forces the Civil Defense Forces the Border Troops the lnternel frcops ancl if we stlck closely to the Principles special trmiddotoop~ lts wen the Border O(ips artl subordinate to the Gommi ttee for State 5ec~ri t)r [KG~] the Internal Troop~ are ~uborcUnate to the Minister of Internal Artairs [HVD l aHhough ja bmld Ulegible j miHtay units -- all this is part of fword illegiblej units that is ~ it - is part of the Armed Forces Foreign sourcPs rate our dllil defense very highly Whether they actually know it~ statui or not they tate it very highly in their publications According to their sources not ours iOO persons for every 1000 are trained (Sever-al lines illegible J

A branch is a component of the Arllled Forces which has a particular kind of armaments anlti is ci~signated p carr-y uut r~issions within a particular spatial sphere in hs iirticie Uaniievich c1Lsirgul~hbullrs the following spheres cont irwnts gtHSi ~ vc~r ns zir nElf ~p~lmiddotmiddot l nilddie SJmce 1 and deep space In his articlft Ogadwv cif_~~tillfuistes the ioli tJiir) middot spheres under water above water shore anti Crmiddot In OttWi Hmbullc J tHd i if il~ ver)i coneept of spatial spheres is [wormiddotd i l~eEibleir r-lt~rit ul~xmiddot ly in connecti on ~Jth rhe fad that the problem of space s nm1 01 ve1bully c 1bullHic2 l ore

lbere are presenij_y Ji w~ branch~s in 0urmiddot ArDted Fotbullces I will provide a very br Jel ctescrlption of the 111-ssion structure and compo~iticm of branch arms for tach b~anch since there have been many changes in this area

The )tratflt(lc Rockltlt r middotnc SJ~ a1middote 1 mltjc1 IO~Jponent of the strategic nuclear forces of our tat~ ~middoto hasP con1e ltnmiddotound to rhe same LrJad as they have in the Unitelti States Tnn mibullgtn i or of this brrmd~ gt ro underntine the llllitarmiddoty and economic r-otcm ticbull l nf ~h~ ~ Jrobable adcr-s~ ry ciestrbullY nuclear missiles (printarmiddotHy strategimiddotc mudlpoundtgt desti OY lii tJjnr troCio grmiddotoupings disrupt highshylevel gov~rnmE rt and milttmmiddot~middotmiddot eommnnd and conrr-ol lnfJ disrupt the operation of the strbulla tEg ii c 1~ ear cmv i cPltL

Tite ttoops illd hrbullnnchr-$ of thp bulllrrJO fcrces 7 Jw lurHng the Stra tfgtg i c Rocket Forlt~ e$ cens1~( ot hrbullrnch ubullms sp~et8l (J bulloop~gt rear sqrviceuros units and

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facilities and facilitJes and institutions Until recently three or four years age this was the only branch of the Armed Forces that did not have its own branch arms At the present time l~e S~middot ltltegic Rocket Forces have the Intercontinental MissUfe TnJops (WI) 1-bullJr-pgt nd the Intermedtate-Range Missile

rTroops (RSD Trmiddotcp middot3fgt r~middotirrt a1~ 11 ~tmiddot ~hmiddot middot tJl~ fmm~dhtely mallte the reservation ~middotmiddot however that lld i 8 middotcrmiddotJ spelfiu ~ivisicm Ther do Mt have comltDanders-Jnshychief for each branch everything is from Tolubkos unified division and

everything is under unified [word illegible) in the Main Staff The only thing is that the sectors (napravleniya] aredistlnguished and their combat regulations also consist of two parts one part for each branch arm

[Unknown antount of t middot~llt missine J

bullbullbull aceohhng to f4artime JOampS irx 0ttte1bull ~oras these tr-oops are capable of carrying r~ut ltiisaions on all the continent ana in an geographic areas

Groun~ forces in tl-Jeuro rinciplesl until rbulleeently as (several words illegible] that ttle~ are the largest braneh of the Armed Forces and are used to

1 perform tasics in continental theaters of inilitary operatlons to seize and hold areasmiddot and liJ1eS this is their general mlssion

The Ground ~orces eons st of th(~ foiiowing branch arms Hotorized Rifle Troops lank Troops (shalom separately but actually under a unified command) RockP-t Troops and Artillery Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces and Airborne Troops i

[JnknrJWTl nlt)Lnt N teYr m5$~li ng ~i art1 ~rntf (I Viation oolhich i~ not a branch ar-1 of the Grotmd li middotJlt~ce~bull bui ls nc h1deci in eoillbJned-arms formations large unit 3nd units and at the ~ am- tLne Js a c~omponent of the Air forces army avlatior1 ls thJs lttgtai suoord1nation

liarious components hwe ~orHnted ro [rlimimlttesimpl ify this staff l and treshy Imiddot I

Ground lorcee in genen1 cs a bbullmiddotanch of Lhe Armed Forces but all of this j ~

somehow ctfd not [ord iJJegihJe Jn fad tle Ground Forces have developed 1ntennivey rmiddotec~mtiy middot b~eauw i~he g1middotound ioret or our probablP adversary are developing very aetiveJy It is suficieHt ~o note thai in recent years 1 that Iis during ~be eurrent per-iud 1 ihe JOWElt or il1e [word illegible) or 01 motorized rifle divisiou has increased oy a factor of 20 its fire [word illegible] has j

middot increasec hy factor of 2-l) thf numb= of [ wori HlE t~~-ble carriers has increa~l(Jd by a faci~or nf middotmiddoti and at~Jlrmiddot o J iima te1l 50 [ t~K1 worbullds illegibie] tanks in

i t a motori~ed tbulliile divisior1

Petbullhampps ti1e only braucl1 of the ~lm(ll1 r~middotorces lrrticll has particularly undergone reorampanhtlon f1re ttlf f-i f bull ~) t~fbull~nsltl Fmiddotvcwlt iJlt1 1e thai tl1 ~ s middotis thP Ai rbull Defense Forces not he AJ1bull Defnn11e Fo-rGes of tbP Country as they were called unt 11 recently Whereas untJl rPcently the Alr- Defense oorces had three branch arms

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they now have si~ Missile Attack Warning Troops Missile Defense Troops Space Defen~e Troopn Surface-to-Air Missile and Antiaircraft Artillery Troops Air Defense lwiation (not Fighter AviatorJ a tii s branch arm was previously called ) and Radio tedm gt _ lrncpt~

The numb~ )f ~~ middot middotc n~i1 -~ ~ ~ r- U t- Urmiddot D~ [Ew~B fu t eoc llas dcubled and naturally the tasks thi s branch performs have increased in volume and become more complex fn content These tasks are combatting the air and space enemy detecting a missile attack and warning the relevant authorities about it protecting a-dmin1strative-political industrial bull and military target s and in peacetime protecting the air borders monitoring observance of t he established flight regime ( three words i llegible] aviation including civil aviation and 110nitoring circuaterrestr ~ al space [ lJne ill~gible J Of course the system of co11aand and con tlol has c- hanged t o be procj s~ it has ~ come more complex due to the tact ~ha t llan lf of the f nnr tinns otmiddot the twt) branches [ the Jtir De f ense Forces and Air Fornes) lia ve been combined lllso a [word illegi bl e ] publication states that onemiddot of the s 1laquocial f tat -es of tbis bltanlth is that the air defense high command has bPer taken out of thPshy oper~ tiooal [word i llegi bi e ) so that all air def e nse means are curmiddottentl y middots ubordinate to the t heater command

Duril)g thElt prepar-a tion and part i eular-ly during th~ cond uct of fr ont operatiors the fr-ont has a comb i lled cbullllJIand poit of t he air tor-ces _andair defensel H i ~--usC rw~r bc irtg set up bui i ll ~ny event bull

[ Unkncwn anluuu t oi t ext middotmiss ing ~

[Ai l r li llts l lh is L~~ t hi only branch [bullild ] a the llr lled Forces wHh i ts own elemen ts ( v i ltiy j anrt coHpnrwnts (ImiddotodzJ lna ( Je the ~ lemen l s listed by Ogar-kov in thr~ -J ft l_ ro c t p i ~smiddot rNH~ i t ion lly d 1qte WPt-t alwayo elemen ts we did t hem that way ior ccnven ience f wo ltmiddotd illag i b lmiddot~] l etc th-P-se elemen t s The Princi p l es do ncbull bullt hale til is [Theymiddot ~d mpiy say ] thi t t -11 10bull Air Forces cons is i of Long-Range Aviat i on 11l1icil i n a ~omponent part of CnG 3t rategic nuclear f orces Front Aviation t1rmy AbullJirt tion arbull1 ~UHaty Tr-artEport IIJ 5 otion each of which consists of componntlt middot~le na Vt bull [ Uil k norm arMHm t (bullf t -J t mifgts f ng no t rre than severai_ U n~s ) s ~ Hbo te the Jd r lormiddotbull- -s htw-e the foUcJi ng aviat ion cOlllponents t omtJe r tirjl t ermiddot--oomaermiddot J fi gh tpound1 middot at acl r econnaissance transport and speciaJ rJvi n lion middot In mt~ of t he VG ~d ons of the Pr i nciples [several words illegible aJlto mt c UE middotshycampnYi ng bumber ( s evermiddotal ords illegible ] as an

inderYmd~n t (ltomr-onen t J 0 Ii1~ Hll~t~ i b1e ] middot

middotrni~ bro w~b of ttJe Abullmeri Fornfls i -ltmiddot ignrtl a large set of asks and has a broad rang1~ c mt os lmiddot~ns cif lir c i on Gf ll Ll t C~ ry- j nd us trial i nstallations disruption c f govexWient and mlli ~armiddot y cbullJmmrlnd nd control and di sruption o f the opera middoti-ton o t VH r e~ sbull~lri bull~( l ~ Tids bonch of the -Ar irHd For ces s upplies a ll the Armed rorces branches in n ngtJPr a t ~ on wit h aer_al reconna i sscnce da ta and

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carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

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A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

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Page tl of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

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C01197698 TOF SECRET

TGP SpoundCifl

WARNING NOTICE-INTWGENCi SOUfiCES OR MfTHOOS

NOT llWASABlE TO FOREIGN NATIONAlS

THIS DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED

Intelligence Information Special Report Page 3 of 11 Pages

Withheld under statutory authority of the -shyCentral Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g)

COUNTRY USSR

DATE OF DATE 29 July 1988

INFO 1985

SUBJECT

USSR GENERAL STAFF ACADEMY LESSON Organizationalmiddot Structu~r of t he Soviet Armed Forces

middot---middotmiddot--middot------------------------ SOURCE Documentary

Summary

The following intelligence report is a translation from Russian of the text of a lecture at the Vorostdlov General Staff Academy on the organizational structure of the Soviet Armed Forces ihis is apparently the introductory lecture in a series on the Soviet lirmed Forces Soviet operational art and the role of reconnaissance in operations In brief survey form it covers the nature and role of Soviet military doctrine the organization of the five branches of the Armed Forces and their branch arms and the basic hierarchy of organizational entities Of particular interest are references to current organizational and doctrinal issues and controversies including a reference to Marshal Ogarkovs 198ll article in Military Thought iri which he rejects of the idea of a limited nuclear war I I middot

End of Summart

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUH~ OF ide SOVIET ARMED FORCES

The organhatioral ~l rmiddotudurmiddot E of Lh~ arflleil rorces of any state including ours is defined above all by a set of sociopolitical factors that is state

middotpolicy which is based on social and state (word illegible] In addition the organizational structure of the armed forces of a state is influenced by a number of other factors

the size and quality of the populat i on

the moral and Olitical qualities or the population

the levei of economic development

the geographic location of the state a maritime power such as Great Britain is one thing and a continental country is another

historical trends in the development of the people

historical factors and a number of others

However a key factor in correcUy resolving issues of military organizational development is the scientific definition of the nature of a future war and the system of views on the sociopolitical and military aspects of preparing and wLging a wa~ ~1hich f s f o imiddotm ulat ed on this basis and approved by senior state anti military leaders agt military doctrine While we are familiar with the definition of mil i tary doctrine one thing should be explained when the question i s asked Hw1mt is doei r iite 1 the a nswer is given It is a systgtm of views on prmiddoteparing for and wag i ng war ih ~ s is all conbullect but the only 11ajor correction Js that this is not stmply a system of views Anyone is free to express hi~ views in the open press in periodical literature views are expressed n Military rhoughti Military doctrine is a system of officially approved views middot

[UnknoWTJ amount or text missing i

bullbullbull as the first chapter in the P~ inciples

it is not oallEli 11 llllcar Ooctrtne t1ut The Nature or Modern War fare However the rinciples were workP-d on for 15 yeatbulls by a large collective of generals aQct officers o ~ t he _Armed ror c e~ (lnd were ap_proved by thl government And ths is how t tJey de f lne war thP pEr i0ds 0f Har and how a war can be of 1ong or short- duration In other words this is a system of views whi oh has a methodolog f (nl bMis in a elass l fied Iss ue o r Hlltary Thought former Chief

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of tha General Staff Marshal of the Soviet Union Ogarkov makes some critical points For example he says that to think that there will be a period with limited employment of nuclear weapons ls ab$urd but in the Principles such a period is examined It r~ e ~w~im~ t~ ~ h~middotbullIB middot~i bmiddotc-msD ile fr0quently tie ourselves ( ~middot ~ l1iy2~y~middot ymsyu J to the ~middotlws of thE p1middotcoable adver-sacy quite closely so tmiddot~ s~ak this is one rtaso11 and a second reason is that it is truly difficult to predict

Soviet military doctrine must provide definite answers to the following questions

1 What is the degree of probabi lity that a war will begin and with what sort of adversary wfll we have to rteaJ

2 What will be the nature of thE lt~ilr ~rhat objectives will it pursue and what missions will be car-ried out

j llihampt arE the ltbullrmed forces that w~ wHl need to have in order to acco~pHsh these lllissions and in what direction will military organizational develop111ent middotbe carried out middot

4 lihich forms and methods are to be used to wage war The Principles have an entire section called Types Forms and Methods of Military Operations Danilevich who parttcipaJed in the Principles and led a group

which worked on operations wrote an article in Military Thought on the system of operatlors of the armiddot mlt~d forcPs MgtW that space is a factor and in addition to the two dimension~) depth and breadth F middot thirdl dimension the vertical dimen~ 1on hcv ap[Cgteared ln the air- land o~ ta tion in (word i legible] the system of~ single strategic middotoperation 57 other operations [word illegible ] An operation is a form C organizdion2l structure [ t-o words illegible] As for methods Jtmiddot i one bing to wzge a Hai lbullrith nucleltr weapons and another with conventicmal weapons

5 How should we prmiddotepare the country and the Armed Forces for war It is quite clear that (word illegible] an enumeration of these (issues] sounds quite concrete CJu [word illegible] illltlieaes tba t [ two words illegible J these Issues in order to give ~ definite nJwnmiddot tc them What are the armed forces that we are [developing [Word iJlegiblej the Strategic Rocket Forces when they were estahiished I ihree words illegible J not immediately but for a whole five year1 tbc issue war clofoated to etEgtbligtt or not to establish [the Strategic Hncket Forbullces 1 M a Slt1parte brltgtnchi Everyone has three branches but we had five middot

We hltIJe every reason to believe that ourmiddot Soviet military doctrine is being built and developed on a strictly scientific basis because it takes into consideration the economic capabilities of the country it is grounded in the

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political aspect it studies the nature of [twbullgt words illegible]of the probable adversary and it is guided by the present state of development of military science and lflilitary art The fact tbo1 Uutmiddote are some omissions [word illegible] natural inl3~much l the~~ ~~ Ct~ord lll~gj ble 1 We take the organization =f tre ~lli middot Smiddoti for ~e~ ~-D rr~Jbullmiddot ~middot il middot~ ~iTtmiddotc tmmiddote middotf r~ilitary unfts which ensures their middotptiwm 01t(liticm middot~112 u~dllluc comiddotrelalion between the types of weapons and the combat arms and the most successful performance of the tasks assigned to them The organization of the Armed Forces is a component part of military organizational development and covers all components of the Armed Forces-

The present-day stru~ture of thbull3 Sovl~t Almed Forces includes five branches plus the Rear S~rvfres of the Armed Forces the Civil Defense Forces the Border Troops the lnternel frcops ancl if we stlck closely to the Principles special trmiddotoop~ lts wen the Border O(ips artl subordinate to the Gommi ttee for State 5ec~ri t)r [KG~] the Internal Troop~ are ~uborcUnate to the Minister of Internal Artairs [HVD l aHhough ja bmld Ulegible j miHtay units -- all this is part of fword illegiblej units that is ~ it - is part of the Armed Forces Foreign sourcPs rate our dllil defense very highly Whether they actually know it~ statui or not they tate it very highly in their publications According to their sources not ours iOO persons for every 1000 are trained (Sever-al lines illegible J

A branch is a component of the Arllled Forces which has a particular kind of armaments anlti is ci~signated p carr-y uut r~issions within a particular spatial sphere in hs iirticie Uaniievich c1Lsirgul~hbullrs the following spheres cont irwnts gtHSi ~ vc~r ns zir nElf ~p~lmiddotmiddot l nilddie SJmce 1 and deep space In his articlft Ogadwv cif_~~tillfuistes the ioli tJiir) middot spheres under water above water shore anti Crmiddot In OttWi Hmbullc J tHd i if il~ ver)i coneept of spatial spheres is [wormiddotd i l~eEibleir r-lt~rit ul~xmiddot ly in connecti on ~Jth rhe fad that the problem of space s nm1 01 ve1bully c 1bullHic2 l ore

lbere are presenij_y Ji w~ branch~s in 0urmiddot ArDted Fotbullces I will provide a very br Jel ctescrlption of the 111-ssion structure and compo~iticm of branch arms for tach b~anch since there have been many changes in this area

The )tratflt(lc Rockltlt r middotnc SJ~ a1middote 1 mltjc1 IO~Jponent of the strategic nuclear forces of our tat~ ~middoto hasP con1e ltnmiddotound to rhe same LrJad as they have in the Unitelti States Tnn mibullgtn i or of this brrmd~ gt ro underntine the llllitarmiddoty and economic r-otcm ticbull l nf ~h~ ~ Jrobable adcr-s~ ry ciestrbullY nuclear missiles (printarmiddotHy strategimiddotc mudlpoundtgt desti OY lii tJjnr troCio grmiddotoupings disrupt highshylevel gov~rnmE rt and milttmmiddot~middotmiddot eommnnd and conrr-ol lnfJ disrupt the operation of the strbulla tEg ii c 1~ ear cmv i cPltL

Tite ttoops illd hrbullnnchr-$ of thp bulllrrJO fcrces 7 Jw lurHng the Stra tfgtg i c Rocket Forlt~ e$ cens1~( ot hrbullrnch ubullms sp~et8l (J bulloop~gt rear sqrviceuros units and

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facilities and facilitJes and institutions Until recently three or four years age this was the only branch of the Armed Forces that did not have its own branch arms At the present time l~e S~middot ltltegic Rocket Forces have the Intercontinental MissUfe TnJops (WI) 1-bullJr-pgt nd the Intermedtate-Range Missile

rTroops (RSD Trmiddotcp middot3fgt r~middotirrt a1~ 11 ~tmiddot ~hmiddot middot tJl~ fmm~dhtely mallte the reservation ~middotmiddot however that lld i 8 middotcrmiddotJ spelfiu ~ivisicm Ther do Mt have comltDanders-Jnshychief for each branch everything is from Tolubkos unified division and

everything is under unified [word illegible) in the Main Staff The only thing is that the sectors (napravleniya] aredistlnguished and their combat regulations also consist of two parts one part for each branch arm

[Unknown antount of t middot~llt missine J

bullbullbull aceohhng to f4artime JOampS irx 0ttte1bull ~oras these tr-oops are capable of carrying r~ut ltiisaions on all the continent ana in an geographic areas

Groun~ forces in tl-Jeuro rinciplesl until rbulleeently as (several words illegible] that ttle~ are the largest braneh of the Armed Forces and are used to

1 perform tasics in continental theaters of inilitary operatlons to seize and hold areasmiddot and liJ1eS this is their general mlssion

The Ground ~orces eons st of th(~ foiiowing branch arms Hotorized Rifle Troops lank Troops (shalom separately but actually under a unified command) RockP-t Troops and Artillery Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces and Airborne Troops i

[JnknrJWTl nlt)Lnt N teYr m5$~li ng ~i art1 ~rntf (I Viation oolhich i~ not a branch ar-1 of the Grotmd li middotJlt~ce~bull bui ls nc h1deci in eoillbJned-arms formations large unit 3nd units and at the ~ am- tLne Js a c~omponent of the Air forces army avlatior1 ls thJs lttgtai suoord1nation

liarious components hwe ~orHnted ro [rlimimlttesimpl ify this staff l and treshy Imiddot I

Ground lorcee in genen1 cs a bbullmiddotanch of Lhe Armed Forces but all of this j ~

somehow ctfd not [ord iJJegihJe Jn fad tle Ground Forces have developed 1ntennivey rmiddotec~mtiy middot b~eauw i~he g1middotound ioret or our probablP adversary are developing very aetiveJy It is suficieHt ~o note thai in recent years 1 that Iis during ~be eurrent per-iud 1 ihe JOWElt or il1e [word illegible) or 01 motorized rifle divisiou has increased oy a factor of 20 its fire [word illegible] has j

middot increasec hy factor of 2-l) thf numb= of [ wori HlE t~~-ble carriers has increa~l(Jd by a faci~or nf middotmiddoti and at~Jlrmiddot o J iima te1l 50 [ t~K1 worbullds illegibie] tanks in

i t a motori~ed tbulliile divisior1

Petbullhampps ti1e only braucl1 of the ~lm(ll1 r~middotorces lrrticll has particularly undergone reorampanhtlon f1re ttlf f-i f bull ~) t~fbull~nsltl Fmiddotvcwlt iJlt1 1e thai tl1 ~ s middotis thP Ai rbull Defense Forces not he AJ1bull Defnn11e Fo-rGes of tbP Country as they were called unt 11 recently Whereas untJl rPcently the Alr- Defense oorces had three branch arms

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they now have si~ Missile Attack Warning Troops Missile Defense Troops Space Defen~e Troopn Surface-to-Air Missile and Antiaircraft Artillery Troops Air Defense lwiation (not Fighter AviatorJ a tii s branch arm was previously called ) and Radio tedm gt _ lrncpt~

The numb~ )f ~~ middot middotc n~i1 -~ ~ ~ r- U t- Urmiddot D~ [Ew~B fu t eoc llas dcubled and naturally the tasks thi s branch performs have increased in volume and become more complex fn content These tasks are combatting the air and space enemy detecting a missile attack and warning the relevant authorities about it protecting a-dmin1strative-political industrial bull and military target s and in peacetime protecting the air borders monitoring observance of t he established flight regime ( three words i llegible] aviation including civil aviation and 110nitoring circuaterrestr ~ al space [ lJne ill~gible J Of course the system of co11aand and con tlol has c- hanged t o be procj s~ it has ~ come more complex due to the tact ~ha t llan lf of the f nnr tinns otmiddot the twt) branches [ the Jtir De f ense Forces and Air Fornes) lia ve been combined lllso a [word illegi bl e ] publication states that onemiddot of the s 1laquocial f tat -es of tbis bltanlth is that the air defense high command has bPer taken out of thPshy oper~ tiooal [word i llegi bi e ) so that all air def e nse means are curmiddottentl y middots ubordinate to the t heater command

Duril)g thElt prepar-a tion and part i eular-ly during th~ cond uct of fr ont operatiors the fr-ont has a comb i lled cbullllJIand poit of t he air tor-ces _andair defensel H i ~--usC rw~r bc irtg set up bui i ll ~ny event bull

[ Unkncwn anluuu t oi t ext middotmiss ing ~

[Ai l r li llts l lh is L~~ t hi only branch [bullild ] a the llr lled Forces wHh i ts own elemen ts ( v i ltiy j anrt coHpnrwnts (ImiddotodzJ lna ( Je the ~ lemen l s listed by Ogar-kov in thr~ -J ft l_ ro c t p i ~smiddot rNH~ i t ion lly d 1qte WPt-t alwayo elemen ts we did t hem that way ior ccnven ience f wo ltmiddotd illag i b lmiddot~] l etc th-P-se elemen t s The Princi p l es do ncbull bullt hale til is [Theymiddot ~d mpiy say ] thi t t -11 10bull Air Forces cons is i of Long-Range Aviat i on 11l1icil i n a ~omponent part of CnG 3t rategic nuclear f orces Front Aviation t1rmy AbullJirt tion arbull1 ~UHaty Tr-artEport IIJ 5 otion each of which consists of componntlt middot~le na Vt bull [ Uil k norm arMHm t (bullf t -J t mifgts f ng no t rre than severai_ U n~s ) s ~ Hbo te the Jd r lormiddotbull- -s htw-e the foUcJi ng aviat ion cOlllponents t omtJe r tirjl t ermiddot--oomaermiddot J fi gh tpound1 middot at acl r econnaissance transport and speciaJ rJvi n lion middot In mt~ of t he VG ~d ons of the Pr i nciples [several words illegible aJlto mt c UE middotshycampnYi ng bumber ( s evermiddotal ords illegible ] as an

inderYmd~n t (ltomr-onen t J 0 Ii1~ Hll~t~ i b1e ] middot

middotrni~ bro w~b of ttJe Abullmeri Fornfls i -ltmiddot ignrtl a large set of asks and has a broad rang1~ c mt os lmiddot~ns cif lir c i on Gf ll Ll t C~ ry- j nd us trial i nstallations disruption c f govexWient and mlli ~armiddot y cbullJmmrlnd nd control and di sruption o f the opera middoti-ton o t VH r e~ sbull~lri bull~( l ~ Tids bonch of the -Ar irHd For ces s upplies a ll the Armed rorces branches in n ngtJPr a t ~ on wit h aer_al reconna i sscnce da ta and

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carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

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A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

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Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUH~ OF ide SOVIET ARMED FORCES

The organhatioral ~l rmiddotudurmiddot E of Lh~ arflleil rorces of any state including ours is defined above all by a set of sociopolitical factors that is state

middotpolicy which is based on social and state (word illegible] In addition the organizational structure of the armed forces of a state is influenced by a number of other factors

the size and quality of the populat i on

the moral and Olitical qualities or the population

the levei of economic development

the geographic location of the state a maritime power such as Great Britain is one thing and a continental country is another

historical trends in the development of the people

historical factors and a number of others

However a key factor in correcUy resolving issues of military organizational development is the scientific definition of the nature of a future war and the system of views on the sociopolitical and military aspects of preparing and wLging a wa~ ~1hich f s f o imiddotm ulat ed on this basis and approved by senior state anti military leaders agt military doctrine While we are familiar with the definition of mil i tary doctrine one thing should be explained when the question i s asked Hw1mt is doei r iite 1 the a nswer is given It is a systgtm of views on prmiddoteparing for and wag i ng war ih ~ s is all conbullect but the only 11ajor correction Js that this is not stmply a system of views Anyone is free to express hi~ views in the open press in periodical literature views are expressed n Military rhoughti Military doctrine is a system of officially approved views middot

[UnknoWTJ amount or text missing i

bullbullbull as the first chapter in the P~ inciples

it is not oallEli 11 llllcar Ooctrtne t1ut The Nature or Modern War fare However the rinciples were workP-d on for 15 yeatbulls by a large collective of generals aQct officers o ~ t he _Armed ror c e~ (lnd were ap_proved by thl government And ths is how t tJey de f lne war thP pEr i0ds 0f Har and how a war can be of 1ong or short- duration In other words this is a system of views whi oh has a methodolog f (nl bMis in a elass l fied Iss ue o r Hlltary Thought former Chief

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of tha General Staff Marshal of the Soviet Union Ogarkov makes some critical points For example he says that to think that there will be a period with limited employment of nuclear weapons ls ab$urd but in the Principles such a period is examined It r~ e ~w~im~ t~ ~ h~middotbullIB middot~i bmiddotc-msD ile fr0quently tie ourselves ( ~middot ~ l1iy2~y~middot ymsyu J to the ~middotlws of thE p1middotcoable adver-sacy quite closely so tmiddot~ s~ak this is one rtaso11 and a second reason is that it is truly difficult to predict

Soviet military doctrine must provide definite answers to the following questions

1 What is the degree of probabi lity that a war will begin and with what sort of adversary wfll we have to rteaJ

2 What will be the nature of thE lt~ilr ~rhat objectives will it pursue and what missions will be car-ried out

j llihampt arE the ltbullrmed forces that w~ wHl need to have in order to acco~pHsh these lllissions and in what direction will military organizational develop111ent middotbe carried out middot

4 lihich forms and methods are to be used to wage war The Principles have an entire section called Types Forms and Methods of Military Operations Danilevich who parttcipaJed in the Principles and led a group

which worked on operations wrote an article in Military Thought on the system of operatlors of the armiddot mlt~d forcPs MgtW that space is a factor and in addition to the two dimension~) depth and breadth F middot thirdl dimension the vertical dimen~ 1on hcv ap[Cgteared ln the air- land o~ ta tion in (word i legible] the system of~ single strategic middotoperation 57 other operations [word illegible ] An operation is a form C organizdion2l structure [ t-o words illegible] As for methods Jtmiddot i one bing to wzge a Hai lbullrith nucleltr weapons and another with conventicmal weapons

5 How should we prmiddotepare the country and the Armed Forces for war It is quite clear that (word illegible] an enumeration of these (issues] sounds quite concrete CJu [word illegible] illltlieaes tba t [ two words illegible J these Issues in order to give ~ definite nJwnmiddot tc them What are the armed forces that we are [developing [Word iJlegiblej the Strategic Rocket Forces when they were estahiished I ihree words illegible J not immediately but for a whole five year1 tbc issue war clofoated to etEgtbligtt or not to establish [the Strategic Hncket Forbullces 1 M a Slt1parte brltgtnchi Everyone has three branches but we had five middot

We hltIJe every reason to believe that ourmiddot Soviet military doctrine is being built and developed on a strictly scientific basis because it takes into consideration the economic capabilities of the country it is grounded in the

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political aspect it studies the nature of [twbullgt words illegible]of the probable adversary and it is guided by the present state of development of military science and lflilitary art The fact tbo1 Uutmiddote are some omissions [word illegible] natural inl3~much l the~~ ~~ Ct~ord lll~gj ble 1 We take the organization =f tre ~lli middot Smiddoti for ~e~ ~-D rr~Jbullmiddot ~middot il middot~ ~iTtmiddotc tmmiddote middotf r~ilitary unfts which ensures their middotptiwm 01t(liticm middot~112 u~dllluc comiddotrelalion between the types of weapons and the combat arms and the most successful performance of the tasks assigned to them The organization of the Armed Forces is a component part of military organizational development and covers all components of the Armed Forces-

The present-day stru~ture of thbull3 Sovl~t Almed Forces includes five branches plus the Rear S~rvfres of the Armed Forces the Civil Defense Forces the Border Troops the lnternel frcops ancl if we stlck closely to the Principles special trmiddotoop~ lts wen the Border O(ips artl subordinate to the Gommi ttee for State 5ec~ri t)r [KG~] the Internal Troop~ are ~uborcUnate to the Minister of Internal Artairs [HVD l aHhough ja bmld Ulegible j miHtay units -- all this is part of fword illegiblej units that is ~ it - is part of the Armed Forces Foreign sourcPs rate our dllil defense very highly Whether they actually know it~ statui or not they tate it very highly in their publications According to their sources not ours iOO persons for every 1000 are trained (Sever-al lines illegible J

A branch is a component of the Arllled Forces which has a particular kind of armaments anlti is ci~signated p carr-y uut r~issions within a particular spatial sphere in hs iirticie Uaniievich c1Lsirgul~hbullrs the following spheres cont irwnts gtHSi ~ vc~r ns zir nElf ~p~lmiddotmiddot l nilddie SJmce 1 and deep space In his articlft Ogadwv cif_~~tillfuistes the ioli tJiir) middot spheres under water above water shore anti Crmiddot In OttWi Hmbullc J tHd i if il~ ver)i coneept of spatial spheres is [wormiddotd i l~eEibleir r-lt~rit ul~xmiddot ly in connecti on ~Jth rhe fad that the problem of space s nm1 01 ve1bully c 1bullHic2 l ore

lbere are presenij_y Ji w~ branch~s in 0urmiddot ArDted Fotbullces I will provide a very br Jel ctescrlption of the 111-ssion structure and compo~iticm of branch arms for tach b~anch since there have been many changes in this area

The )tratflt(lc Rockltlt r middotnc SJ~ a1middote 1 mltjc1 IO~Jponent of the strategic nuclear forces of our tat~ ~middoto hasP con1e ltnmiddotound to rhe same LrJad as they have in the Unitelti States Tnn mibullgtn i or of this brrmd~ gt ro underntine the llllitarmiddoty and economic r-otcm ticbull l nf ~h~ ~ Jrobable adcr-s~ ry ciestrbullY nuclear missiles (printarmiddotHy strategimiddotc mudlpoundtgt desti OY lii tJjnr troCio grmiddotoupings disrupt highshylevel gov~rnmE rt and milttmmiddot~middotmiddot eommnnd and conrr-ol lnfJ disrupt the operation of the strbulla tEg ii c 1~ ear cmv i cPltL

Tite ttoops illd hrbullnnchr-$ of thp bulllrrJO fcrces 7 Jw lurHng the Stra tfgtg i c Rocket Forlt~ e$ cens1~( ot hrbullrnch ubullms sp~et8l (J bulloop~gt rear sqrviceuros units and

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facilities and facilitJes and institutions Until recently three or four years age this was the only branch of the Armed Forces that did not have its own branch arms At the present time l~e S~middot ltltegic Rocket Forces have the Intercontinental MissUfe TnJops (WI) 1-bullJr-pgt nd the Intermedtate-Range Missile

rTroops (RSD Trmiddotcp middot3fgt r~middotirrt a1~ 11 ~tmiddot ~hmiddot middot tJl~ fmm~dhtely mallte the reservation ~middotmiddot however that lld i 8 middotcrmiddotJ spelfiu ~ivisicm Ther do Mt have comltDanders-Jnshychief for each branch everything is from Tolubkos unified division and

everything is under unified [word illegible) in the Main Staff The only thing is that the sectors (napravleniya] aredistlnguished and their combat regulations also consist of two parts one part for each branch arm

[Unknown antount of t middot~llt missine J

bullbullbull aceohhng to f4artime JOampS irx 0ttte1bull ~oras these tr-oops are capable of carrying r~ut ltiisaions on all the continent ana in an geographic areas

Groun~ forces in tl-Jeuro rinciplesl until rbulleeently as (several words illegible] that ttle~ are the largest braneh of the Armed Forces and are used to

1 perform tasics in continental theaters of inilitary operatlons to seize and hold areasmiddot and liJ1eS this is their general mlssion

The Ground ~orces eons st of th(~ foiiowing branch arms Hotorized Rifle Troops lank Troops (shalom separately but actually under a unified command) RockP-t Troops and Artillery Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces and Airborne Troops i

[JnknrJWTl nlt)Lnt N teYr m5$~li ng ~i art1 ~rntf (I Viation oolhich i~ not a branch ar-1 of the Grotmd li middotJlt~ce~bull bui ls nc h1deci in eoillbJned-arms formations large unit 3nd units and at the ~ am- tLne Js a c~omponent of the Air forces army avlatior1 ls thJs lttgtai suoord1nation

liarious components hwe ~orHnted ro [rlimimlttesimpl ify this staff l and treshy Imiddot I

Ground lorcee in genen1 cs a bbullmiddotanch of Lhe Armed Forces but all of this j ~

somehow ctfd not [ord iJJegihJe Jn fad tle Ground Forces have developed 1ntennivey rmiddotec~mtiy middot b~eauw i~he g1middotound ioret or our probablP adversary are developing very aetiveJy It is suficieHt ~o note thai in recent years 1 that Iis during ~be eurrent per-iud 1 ihe JOWElt or il1e [word illegible) or 01 motorized rifle divisiou has increased oy a factor of 20 its fire [word illegible] has j

middot increasec hy factor of 2-l) thf numb= of [ wori HlE t~~-ble carriers has increa~l(Jd by a faci~or nf middotmiddoti and at~Jlrmiddot o J iima te1l 50 [ t~K1 worbullds illegibie] tanks in

i t a motori~ed tbulliile divisior1

Petbullhampps ti1e only braucl1 of the ~lm(ll1 r~middotorces lrrticll has particularly undergone reorampanhtlon f1re ttlf f-i f bull ~) t~fbull~nsltl Fmiddotvcwlt iJlt1 1e thai tl1 ~ s middotis thP Ai rbull Defense Forces not he AJ1bull Defnn11e Fo-rGes of tbP Country as they were called unt 11 recently Whereas untJl rPcently the Alr- Defense oorces had three branch arms

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they now have si~ Missile Attack Warning Troops Missile Defense Troops Space Defen~e Troopn Surface-to-Air Missile and Antiaircraft Artillery Troops Air Defense lwiation (not Fighter AviatorJ a tii s branch arm was previously called ) and Radio tedm gt _ lrncpt~

The numb~ )f ~~ middot middotc n~i1 -~ ~ ~ r- U t- Urmiddot D~ [Ew~B fu t eoc llas dcubled and naturally the tasks thi s branch performs have increased in volume and become more complex fn content These tasks are combatting the air and space enemy detecting a missile attack and warning the relevant authorities about it protecting a-dmin1strative-political industrial bull and military target s and in peacetime protecting the air borders monitoring observance of t he established flight regime ( three words i llegible] aviation including civil aviation and 110nitoring circuaterrestr ~ al space [ lJne ill~gible J Of course the system of co11aand and con tlol has c- hanged t o be procj s~ it has ~ come more complex due to the tact ~ha t llan lf of the f nnr tinns otmiddot the twt) branches [ the Jtir De f ense Forces and Air Fornes) lia ve been combined lllso a [word illegi bl e ] publication states that onemiddot of the s 1laquocial f tat -es of tbis bltanlth is that the air defense high command has bPer taken out of thPshy oper~ tiooal [word i llegi bi e ) so that all air def e nse means are curmiddottentl y middots ubordinate to the t heater command

Duril)g thElt prepar-a tion and part i eular-ly during th~ cond uct of fr ont operatiors the fr-ont has a comb i lled cbullllJIand poit of t he air tor-ces _andair defensel H i ~--usC rw~r bc irtg set up bui i ll ~ny event bull

[ Unkncwn anluuu t oi t ext middotmiss ing ~

[Ai l r li llts l lh is L~~ t hi only branch [bullild ] a the llr lled Forces wHh i ts own elemen ts ( v i ltiy j anrt coHpnrwnts (ImiddotodzJ lna ( Je the ~ lemen l s listed by Ogar-kov in thr~ -J ft l_ ro c t p i ~smiddot rNH~ i t ion lly d 1qte WPt-t alwayo elemen ts we did t hem that way ior ccnven ience f wo ltmiddotd illag i b lmiddot~] l etc th-P-se elemen t s The Princi p l es do ncbull bullt hale til is [Theymiddot ~d mpiy say ] thi t t -11 10bull Air Forces cons is i of Long-Range Aviat i on 11l1icil i n a ~omponent part of CnG 3t rategic nuclear f orces Front Aviation t1rmy AbullJirt tion arbull1 ~UHaty Tr-artEport IIJ 5 otion each of which consists of componntlt middot~le na Vt bull [ Uil k norm arMHm t (bullf t -J t mifgts f ng no t rre than severai_ U n~s ) s ~ Hbo te the Jd r lormiddotbull- -s htw-e the foUcJi ng aviat ion cOlllponents t omtJe r tirjl t ermiddot--oomaermiddot J fi gh tpound1 middot at acl r econnaissance transport and speciaJ rJvi n lion middot In mt~ of t he VG ~d ons of the Pr i nciples [several words illegible aJlto mt c UE middotshycampnYi ng bumber ( s evermiddotal ords illegible ] as an

inderYmd~n t (ltomr-onen t J 0 Ii1~ Hll~t~ i b1e ] middot

middotrni~ bro w~b of ttJe Abullmeri Fornfls i -ltmiddot ignrtl a large set of asks and has a broad rang1~ c mt os lmiddot~ns cif lir c i on Gf ll Ll t C~ ry- j nd us trial i nstallations disruption c f govexWient and mlli ~armiddot y cbullJmmrlnd nd control and di sruption o f the opera middoti-ton o t VH r e~ sbull~lri bull~( l ~ Tids bonch of the -Ar irHd For ces s upplies a ll the Armed rorces branches in n ngtJPr a t ~ on wit h aer_al reconna i sscnce da ta and

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carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

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A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

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Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

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of tha General Staff Marshal of the Soviet Union Ogarkov makes some critical points For example he says that to think that there will be a period with limited employment of nuclear weapons ls ab$urd but in the Principles such a period is examined It r~ e ~w~im~ t~ ~ h~middotbullIB middot~i bmiddotc-msD ile fr0quently tie ourselves ( ~middot ~ l1iy2~y~middot ymsyu J to the ~middotlws of thE p1middotcoable adver-sacy quite closely so tmiddot~ s~ak this is one rtaso11 and a second reason is that it is truly difficult to predict

Soviet military doctrine must provide definite answers to the following questions

1 What is the degree of probabi lity that a war will begin and with what sort of adversary wfll we have to rteaJ

2 What will be the nature of thE lt~ilr ~rhat objectives will it pursue and what missions will be car-ried out

j llihampt arE the ltbullrmed forces that w~ wHl need to have in order to acco~pHsh these lllissions and in what direction will military organizational develop111ent middotbe carried out middot

4 lihich forms and methods are to be used to wage war The Principles have an entire section called Types Forms and Methods of Military Operations Danilevich who parttcipaJed in the Principles and led a group

which worked on operations wrote an article in Military Thought on the system of operatlors of the armiddot mlt~d forcPs MgtW that space is a factor and in addition to the two dimension~) depth and breadth F middot thirdl dimension the vertical dimen~ 1on hcv ap[Cgteared ln the air- land o~ ta tion in (word i legible] the system of~ single strategic middotoperation 57 other operations [word illegible ] An operation is a form C organizdion2l structure [ t-o words illegible] As for methods Jtmiddot i one bing to wzge a Hai lbullrith nucleltr weapons and another with conventicmal weapons

5 How should we prmiddotepare the country and the Armed Forces for war It is quite clear that (word illegible] an enumeration of these (issues] sounds quite concrete CJu [word illegible] illltlieaes tba t [ two words illegible J these Issues in order to give ~ definite nJwnmiddot tc them What are the armed forces that we are [developing [Word iJlegiblej the Strategic Rocket Forces when they were estahiished I ihree words illegible J not immediately but for a whole five year1 tbc issue war clofoated to etEgtbligtt or not to establish [the Strategic Hncket Forbullces 1 M a Slt1parte brltgtnchi Everyone has three branches but we had five middot

We hltIJe every reason to believe that ourmiddot Soviet military doctrine is being built and developed on a strictly scientific basis because it takes into consideration the economic capabilities of the country it is grounded in the

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political aspect it studies the nature of [twbullgt words illegible]of the probable adversary and it is guided by the present state of development of military science and lflilitary art The fact tbo1 Uutmiddote are some omissions [word illegible] natural inl3~much l the~~ ~~ Ct~ord lll~gj ble 1 We take the organization =f tre ~lli middot Smiddoti for ~e~ ~-D rr~Jbullmiddot ~middot il middot~ ~iTtmiddotc tmmiddote middotf r~ilitary unfts which ensures their middotptiwm 01t(liticm middot~112 u~dllluc comiddotrelalion between the types of weapons and the combat arms and the most successful performance of the tasks assigned to them The organization of the Armed Forces is a component part of military organizational development and covers all components of the Armed Forces-

The present-day stru~ture of thbull3 Sovl~t Almed Forces includes five branches plus the Rear S~rvfres of the Armed Forces the Civil Defense Forces the Border Troops the lnternel frcops ancl if we stlck closely to the Principles special trmiddotoop~ lts wen the Border O(ips artl subordinate to the Gommi ttee for State 5ec~ri t)r [KG~] the Internal Troop~ are ~uborcUnate to the Minister of Internal Artairs [HVD l aHhough ja bmld Ulegible j miHtay units -- all this is part of fword illegiblej units that is ~ it - is part of the Armed Forces Foreign sourcPs rate our dllil defense very highly Whether they actually know it~ statui or not they tate it very highly in their publications According to their sources not ours iOO persons for every 1000 are trained (Sever-al lines illegible J

A branch is a component of the Arllled Forces which has a particular kind of armaments anlti is ci~signated p carr-y uut r~issions within a particular spatial sphere in hs iirticie Uaniievich c1Lsirgul~hbullrs the following spheres cont irwnts gtHSi ~ vc~r ns zir nElf ~p~lmiddotmiddot l nilddie SJmce 1 and deep space In his articlft Ogadwv cif_~~tillfuistes the ioli tJiir) middot spheres under water above water shore anti Crmiddot In OttWi Hmbullc J tHd i if il~ ver)i coneept of spatial spheres is [wormiddotd i l~eEibleir r-lt~rit ul~xmiddot ly in connecti on ~Jth rhe fad that the problem of space s nm1 01 ve1bully c 1bullHic2 l ore

lbere are presenij_y Ji w~ branch~s in 0urmiddot ArDted Fotbullces I will provide a very br Jel ctescrlption of the 111-ssion structure and compo~iticm of branch arms for tach b~anch since there have been many changes in this area

The )tratflt(lc Rockltlt r middotnc SJ~ a1middote 1 mltjc1 IO~Jponent of the strategic nuclear forces of our tat~ ~middoto hasP con1e ltnmiddotound to rhe same LrJad as they have in the Unitelti States Tnn mibullgtn i or of this brrmd~ gt ro underntine the llllitarmiddoty and economic r-otcm ticbull l nf ~h~ ~ Jrobable adcr-s~ ry ciestrbullY nuclear missiles (printarmiddotHy strategimiddotc mudlpoundtgt desti OY lii tJjnr troCio grmiddotoupings disrupt highshylevel gov~rnmE rt and milttmmiddot~middotmiddot eommnnd and conrr-ol lnfJ disrupt the operation of the strbulla tEg ii c 1~ ear cmv i cPltL

Tite ttoops illd hrbullnnchr-$ of thp bulllrrJO fcrces 7 Jw lurHng the Stra tfgtg i c Rocket Forlt~ e$ cens1~( ot hrbullrnch ubullms sp~et8l (J bulloop~gt rear sqrviceuros units and

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facilities and facilitJes and institutions Until recently three or four years age this was the only branch of the Armed Forces that did not have its own branch arms At the present time l~e S~middot ltltegic Rocket Forces have the Intercontinental MissUfe TnJops (WI) 1-bullJr-pgt nd the Intermedtate-Range Missile

rTroops (RSD Trmiddotcp middot3fgt r~middotirrt a1~ 11 ~tmiddot ~hmiddot middot tJl~ fmm~dhtely mallte the reservation ~middotmiddot however that lld i 8 middotcrmiddotJ spelfiu ~ivisicm Ther do Mt have comltDanders-Jnshychief for each branch everything is from Tolubkos unified division and

everything is under unified [word illegible) in the Main Staff The only thing is that the sectors (napravleniya] aredistlnguished and their combat regulations also consist of two parts one part for each branch arm

[Unknown antount of t middot~llt missine J

bullbullbull aceohhng to f4artime JOampS irx 0ttte1bull ~oras these tr-oops are capable of carrying r~ut ltiisaions on all the continent ana in an geographic areas

Groun~ forces in tl-Jeuro rinciplesl until rbulleeently as (several words illegible] that ttle~ are the largest braneh of the Armed Forces and are used to

1 perform tasics in continental theaters of inilitary operatlons to seize and hold areasmiddot and liJ1eS this is their general mlssion

The Ground ~orces eons st of th(~ foiiowing branch arms Hotorized Rifle Troops lank Troops (shalom separately but actually under a unified command) RockP-t Troops and Artillery Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces and Airborne Troops i

[JnknrJWTl nlt)Lnt N teYr m5$~li ng ~i art1 ~rntf (I Viation oolhich i~ not a branch ar-1 of the Grotmd li middotJlt~ce~bull bui ls nc h1deci in eoillbJned-arms formations large unit 3nd units and at the ~ am- tLne Js a c~omponent of the Air forces army avlatior1 ls thJs lttgtai suoord1nation

liarious components hwe ~orHnted ro [rlimimlttesimpl ify this staff l and treshy Imiddot I

Ground lorcee in genen1 cs a bbullmiddotanch of Lhe Armed Forces but all of this j ~

somehow ctfd not [ord iJJegihJe Jn fad tle Ground Forces have developed 1ntennivey rmiddotec~mtiy middot b~eauw i~he g1middotound ioret or our probablP adversary are developing very aetiveJy It is suficieHt ~o note thai in recent years 1 that Iis during ~be eurrent per-iud 1 ihe JOWElt or il1e [word illegible) or 01 motorized rifle divisiou has increased oy a factor of 20 its fire [word illegible] has j

middot increasec hy factor of 2-l) thf numb= of [ wori HlE t~~-ble carriers has increa~l(Jd by a faci~or nf middotmiddoti and at~Jlrmiddot o J iima te1l 50 [ t~K1 worbullds illegibie] tanks in

i t a motori~ed tbulliile divisior1

Petbullhampps ti1e only braucl1 of the ~lm(ll1 r~middotorces lrrticll has particularly undergone reorampanhtlon f1re ttlf f-i f bull ~) t~fbull~nsltl Fmiddotvcwlt iJlt1 1e thai tl1 ~ s middotis thP Ai rbull Defense Forces not he AJ1bull Defnn11e Fo-rGes of tbP Country as they were called unt 11 recently Whereas untJl rPcently the Alr- Defense oorces had three branch arms

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they now have si~ Missile Attack Warning Troops Missile Defense Troops Space Defen~e Troopn Surface-to-Air Missile and Antiaircraft Artillery Troops Air Defense lwiation (not Fighter AviatorJ a tii s branch arm was previously called ) and Radio tedm gt _ lrncpt~

The numb~ )f ~~ middot middotc n~i1 -~ ~ ~ r- U t- Urmiddot D~ [Ew~B fu t eoc llas dcubled and naturally the tasks thi s branch performs have increased in volume and become more complex fn content These tasks are combatting the air and space enemy detecting a missile attack and warning the relevant authorities about it protecting a-dmin1strative-political industrial bull and military target s and in peacetime protecting the air borders monitoring observance of t he established flight regime ( three words i llegible] aviation including civil aviation and 110nitoring circuaterrestr ~ al space [ lJne ill~gible J Of course the system of co11aand and con tlol has c- hanged t o be procj s~ it has ~ come more complex due to the tact ~ha t llan lf of the f nnr tinns otmiddot the twt) branches [ the Jtir De f ense Forces and Air Fornes) lia ve been combined lllso a [word illegi bl e ] publication states that onemiddot of the s 1laquocial f tat -es of tbis bltanlth is that the air defense high command has bPer taken out of thPshy oper~ tiooal [word i llegi bi e ) so that all air def e nse means are curmiddottentl y middots ubordinate to the t heater command

Duril)g thElt prepar-a tion and part i eular-ly during th~ cond uct of fr ont operatiors the fr-ont has a comb i lled cbullllJIand poit of t he air tor-ces _andair defensel H i ~--usC rw~r bc irtg set up bui i ll ~ny event bull

[ Unkncwn anluuu t oi t ext middotmiss ing ~

[Ai l r li llts l lh is L~~ t hi only branch [bullild ] a the llr lled Forces wHh i ts own elemen ts ( v i ltiy j anrt coHpnrwnts (ImiddotodzJ lna ( Je the ~ lemen l s listed by Ogar-kov in thr~ -J ft l_ ro c t p i ~smiddot rNH~ i t ion lly d 1qte WPt-t alwayo elemen ts we did t hem that way ior ccnven ience f wo ltmiddotd illag i b lmiddot~] l etc th-P-se elemen t s The Princi p l es do ncbull bullt hale til is [Theymiddot ~d mpiy say ] thi t t -11 10bull Air Forces cons is i of Long-Range Aviat i on 11l1icil i n a ~omponent part of CnG 3t rategic nuclear f orces Front Aviation t1rmy AbullJirt tion arbull1 ~UHaty Tr-artEport IIJ 5 otion each of which consists of componntlt middot~le na Vt bull [ Uil k norm arMHm t (bullf t -J t mifgts f ng no t rre than severai_ U n~s ) s ~ Hbo te the Jd r lormiddotbull- -s htw-e the foUcJi ng aviat ion cOlllponents t omtJe r tirjl t ermiddot--oomaermiddot J fi gh tpound1 middot at acl r econnaissance transport and speciaJ rJvi n lion middot In mt~ of t he VG ~d ons of the Pr i nciples [several words illegible aJlto mt c UE middotshycampnYi ng bumber ( s evermiddotal ords illegible ] as an

inderYmd~n t (ltomr-onen t J 0 Ii1~ Hll~t~ i b1e ] middot

middotrni~ bro w~b of ttJe Abullmeri Fornfls i -ltmiddot ignrtl a large set of asks and has a broad rang1~ c mt os lmiddot~ns cif lir c i on Gf ll Ll t C~ ry- j nd us trial i nstallations disruption c f govexWient and mlli ~armiddot y cbullJmmrlnd nd control and di sruption o f the opera middoti-ton o t VH r e~ sbull~lri bull~( l ~ Tids bonch of the -Ar irHd For ces s upplies a ll the Armed rorces branches in n ngtJPr a t ~ on wit h aer_al reconna i sscnce da ta and

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carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

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A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

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Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

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political aspect it studies the nature of [twbullgt words illegible]of the probable adversary and it is guided by the present state of development of military science and lflilitary art The fact tbo1 Uutmiddote are some omissions [word illegible] natural inl3~much l the~~ ~~ Ct~ord lll~gj ble 1 We take the organization =f tre ~lli middot Smiddoti for ~e~ ~-D rr~Jbullmiddot ~middot il middot~ ~iTtmiddotc tmmiddote middotf r~ilitary unfts which ensures their middotptiwm 01t(liticm middot~112 u~dllluc comiddotrelalion between the types of weapons and the combat arms and the most successful performance of the tasks assigned to them The organization of the Armed Forces is a component part of military organizational development and covers all components of the Armed Forces-

The present-day stru~ture of thbull3 Sovl~t Almed Forces includes five branches plus the Rear S~rvfres of the Armed Forces the Civil Defense Forces the Border Troops the lnternel frcops ancl if we stlck closely to the Principles special trmiddotoop~ lts wen the Border O(ips artl subordinate to the Gommi ttee for State 5ec~ri t)r [KG~] the Internal Troop~ are ~uborcUnate to the Minister of Internal Artairs [HVD l aHhough ja bmld Ulegible j miHtay units -- all this is part of fword illegiblej units that is ~ it - is part of the Armed Forces Foreign sourcPs rate our dllil defense very highly Whether they actually know it~ statui or not they tate it very highly in their publications According to their sources not ours iOO persons for every 1000 are trained (Sever-al lines illegible J

A branch is a component of the Arllled Forces which has a particular kind of armaments anlti is ci~signated p carr-y uut r~issions within a particular spatial sphere in hs iirticie Uaniievich c1Lsirgul~hbullrs the following spheres cont irwnts gtHSi ~ vc~r ns zir nElf ~p~lmiddotmiddot l nilddie SJmce 1 and deep space In his articlft Ogadwv cif_~~tillfuistes the ioli tJiir) middot spheres under water above water shore anti Crmiddot In OttWi Hmbullc J tHd i if il~ ver)i coneept of spatial spheres is [wormiddotd i l~eEibleir r-lt~rit ul~xmiddot ly in connecti on ~Jth rhe fad that the problem of space s nm1 01 ve1bully c 1bullHic2 l ore

lbere are presenij_y Ji w~ branch~s in 0urmiddot ArDted Fotbullces I will provide a very br Jel ctescrlption of the 111-ssion structure and compo~iticm of branch arms for tach b~anch since there have been many changes in this area

The )tratflt(lc Rockltlt r middotnc SJ~ a1middote 1 mltjc1 IO~Jponent of the strategic nuclear forces of our tat~ ~middoto hasP con1e ltnmiddotound to rhe same LrJad as they have in the Unitelti States Tnn mibullgtn i or of this brrmd~ gt ro underntine the llllitarmiddoty and economic r-otcm ticbull l nf ~h~ ~ Jrobable adcr-s~ ry ciestrbullY nuclear missiles (printarmiddotHy strategimiddotc mudlpoundtgt desti OY lii tJjnr troCio grmiddotoupings disrupt highshylevel gov~rnmE rt and milttmmiddot~middotmiddot eommnnd and conrr-ol lnfJ disrupt the operation of the strbulla tEg ii c 1~ ear cmv i cPltL

Tite ttoops illd hrbullnnchr-$ of thp bulllrrJO fcrces 7 Jw lurHng the Stra tfgtg i c Rocket Forlt~ e$ cens1~( ot hrbullrnch ubullms sp~et8l (J bulloop~gt rear sqrviceuros units and

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facilities and facilitJes and institutions Until recently three or four years age this was the only branch of the Armed Forces that did not have its own branch arms At the present time l~e S~middot ltltegic Rocket Forces have the Intercontinental MissUfe TnJops (WI) 1-bullJr-pgt nd the Intermedtate-Range Missile

rTroops (RSD Trmiddotcp middot3fgt r~middotirrt a1~ 11 ~tmiddot ~hmiddot middot tJl~ fmm~dhtely mallte the reservation ~middotmiddot however that lld i 8 middotcrmiddotJ spelfiu ~ivisicm Ther do Mt have comltDanders-Jnshychief for each branch everything is from Tolubkos unified division and

everything is under unified [word illegible) in the Main Staff The only thing is that the sectors (napravleniya] aredistlnguished and their combat regulations also consist of two parts one part for each branch arm

[Unknown antount of t middot~llt missine J

bullbullbull aceohhng to f4artime JOampS irx 0ttte1bull ~oras these tr-oops are capable of carrying r~ut ltiisaions on all the continent ana in an geographic areas

Groun~ forces in tl-Jeuro rinciplesl until rbulleeently as (several words illegible] that ttle~ are the largest braneh of the Armed Forces and are used to

1 perform tasics in continental theaters of inilitary operatlons to seize and hold areasmiddot and liJ1eS this is their general mlssion

The Ground ~orces eons st of th(~ foiiowing branch arms Hotorized Rifle Troops lank Troops (shalom separately but actually under a unified command) RockP-t Troops and Artillery Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces and Airborne Troops i

[JnknrJWTl nlt)Lnt N teYr m5$~li ng ~i art1 ~rntf (I Viation oolhich i~ not a branch ar-1 of the Grotmd li middotJlt~ce~bull bui ls nc h1deci in eoillbJned-arms formations large unit 3nd units and at the ~ am- tLne Js a c~omponent of the Air forces army avlatior1 ls thJs lttgtai suoord1nation

liarious components hwe ~orHnted ro [rlimimlttesimpl ify this staff l and treshy Imiddot I

Ground lorcee in genen1 cs a bbullmiddotanch of Lhe Armed Forces but all of this j ~

somehow ctfd not [ord iJJegihJe Jn fad tle Ground Forces have developed 1ntennivey rmiddotec~mtiy middot b~eauw i~he g1middotound ioret or our probablP adversary are developing very aetiveJy It is suficieHt ~o note thai in recent years 1 that Iis during ~be eurrent per-iud 1 ihe JOWElt or il1e [word illegible) or 01 motorized rifle divisiou has increased oy a factor of 20 its fire [word illegible] has j

middot increasec hy factor of 2-l) thf numb= of [ wori HlE t~~-ble carriers has increa~l(Jd by a faci~or nf middotmiddoti and at~Jlrmiddot o J iima te1l 50 [ t~K1 worbullds illegibie] tanks in

i t a motori~ed tbulliile divisior1

Petbullhampps ti1e only braucl1 of the ~lm(ll1 r~middotorces lrrticll has particularly undergone reorampanhtlon f1re ttlf f-i f bull ~) t~fbull~nsltl Fmiddotvcwlt iJlt1 1e thai tl1 ~ s middotis thP Ai rbull Defense Forces not he AJ1bull Defnn11e Fo-rGes of tbP Country as they were called unt 11 recently Whereas untJl rPcently the Alr- Defense oorces had three branch arms

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gtKlT IQIE~JSAa11 TO IOtl~GN NlYON1l lS IJ

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 8 of 11 Pages

they now have si~ Missile Attack Warning Troops Missile Defense Troops Space Defen~e Troopn Surface-to-Air Missile and Antiaircraft Artillery Troops Air Defense lwiation (not Fighter AviatorJ a tii s branch arm was previously called ) and Radio tedm gt _ lrncpt~

The numb~ )f ~~ middot middotc n~i1 -~ ~ ~ r- U t- Urmiddot D~ [Ew~B fu t eoc llas dcubled and naturally the tasks thi s branch performs have increased in volume and become more complex fn content These tasks are combatting the air and space enemy detecting a missile attack and warning the relevant authorities about it protecting a-dmin1strative-political industrial bull and military target s and in peacetime protecting the air borders monitoring observance of t he established flight regime ( three words i llegible] aviation including civil aviation and 110nitoring circuaterrestr ~ al space [ lJne ill~gible J Of course the system of co11aand and con tlol has c- hanged t o be procj s~ it has ~ come more complex due to the tact ~ha t llan lf of the f nnr tinns otmiddot the twt) branches [ the Jtir De f ense Forces and Air Fornes) lia ve been combined lllso a [word illegi bl e ] publication states that onemiddot of the s 1laquocial f tat -es of tbis bltanlth is that the air defense high command has bPer taken out of thPshy oper~ tiooal [word i llegi bi e ) so that all air def e nse means are curmiddottentl y middots ubordinate to the t heater command

Duril)g thElt prepar-a tion and part i eular-ly during th~ cond uct of fr ont operatiors the fr-ont has a comb i lled cbullllJIand poit of t he air tor-ces _andair defensel H i ~--usC rw~r bc irtg set up bui i ll ~ny event bull

[ Unkncwn anluuu t oi t ext middotmiss ing ~

[Ai l r li llts l lh is L~~ t hi only branch [bullild ] a the llr lled Forces wHh i ts own elemen ts ( v i ltiy j anrt coHpnrwnts (ImiddotodzJ lna ( Je the ~ lemen l s listed by Ogar-kov in thr~ -J ft l_ ro c t p i ~smiddot rNH~ i t ion lly d 1qte WPt-t alwayo elemen ts we did t hem that way ior ccnven ience f wo ltmiddotd illag i b lmiddot~] l etc th-P-se elemen t s The Princi p l es do ncbull bullt hale til is [Theymiddot ~d mpiy say ] thi t t -11 10bull Air Forces cons is i of Long-Range Aviat i on 11l1icil i n a ~omponent part of CnG 3t rategic nuclear f orces Front Aviation t1rmy AbullJirt tion arbull1 ~UHaty Tr-artEport IIJ 5 otion each of which consists of componntlt middot~le na Vt bull [ Uil k norm arMHm t (bullf t -J t mifgts f ng no t rre than severai_ U n~s ) s ~ Hbo te the Jd r lormiddotbull- -s htw-e the foUcJi ng aviat ion cOlllponents t omtJe r tirjl t ermiddot--oomaermiddot J fi gh tpound1 middot at acl r econnaissance transport and speciaJ rJvi n lion middot In mt~ of t he VG ~d ons of the Pr i nciples [several words illegible aJlto mt c UE middotshycampnYi ng bumber ( s evermiddotal ords illegible ] as an

inderYmd~n t (ltomr-onen t J 0 Ii1~ Hll~t~ i b1e ] middot

middotrni~ bro w~b of ttJe Abullmeri Fornfls i -ltmiddot ignrtl a large set of asks and has a broad rang1~ c mt os lmiddot~ns cif lir c i on Gf ll Ll t C~ ry- j nd us trial i nstallations disruption c f govexWient and mlli ~armiddot y cbullJmmrlnd nd control and di sruption o f the opera middoti-ton o t VH r e~ sbull~lri bull~( l ~ Tids bonch of the -Ar irHd For ces s upplies a ll the Armed rorces branches in n ngtJPr a t ~ on wit h aer_al reconna i sscnce da ta and

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Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50

Page 9 of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

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Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 10 of 11 Pages

A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

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~bull~In -tgtTlCI middot --U~EMlJC[ ~OUJ~Ciigt 0~ MEr~OlS INV 11)1 13MpoundAIIU TO row~J NAilitlgtloi it bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (SO

Page tl of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

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C01197698 TOf SECHET

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 7 of 11 Pages

facilities and facilitJes and institutions Until recently three or four years age this was the only branch of the Armed Forces that did not have its own branch arms At the present time l~e S~middot ltltegic Rocket Forces have the Intercontinental MissUfe TnJops (WI) 1-bullJr-pgt nd the Intermedtate-Range Missile

rTroops (RSD Trmiddotcp middot3fgt r~middotirrt a1~ 11 ~tmiddot ~hmiddot middot tJl~ fmm~dhtely mallte the reservation ~middotmiddot however that lld i 8 middotcrmiddotJ spelfiu ~ivisicm Ther do Mt have comltDanders-Jnshychief for each branch everything is from Tolubkos unified division and

everything is under unified [word illegible) in the Main Staff The only thing is that the sectors (napravleniya] aredistlnguished and their combat regulations also consist of two parts one part for each branch arm

[Unknown antount of t middot~llt missine J

bullbullbull aceohhng to f4artime JOampS irx 0ttte1bull ~oras these tr-oops are capable of carrying r~ut ltiisaions on all the continent ana in an geographic areas

Groun~ forces in tl-Jeuro rinciplesl until rbulleeently as (several words illegible] that ttle~ are the largest braneh of the Armed Forces and are used to

1 perform tasics in continental theaters of inilitary operatlons to seize and hold areasmiddot and liJ1eS this is their general mlssion

The Ground ~orces eons st of th(~ foiiowing branch arms Hotorized Rifle Troops lank Troops (shalom separately but actually under a unified command) RockP-t Troops and Artillery Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces and Airborne Troops i

[JnknrJWTl nlt)Lnt N teYr m5$~li ng ~i art1 ~rntf (I Viation oolhich i~ not a branch ar-1 of the Grotmd li middotJlt~ce~bull bui ls nc h1deci in eoillbJned-arms formations large unit 3nd units and at the ~ am- tLne Js a c~omponent of the Air forces army avlatior1 ls thJs lttgtai suoord1nation

liarious components hwe ~orHnted ro [rlimimlttesimpl ify this staff l and treshy Imiddot I

Ground lorcee in genen1 cs a bbullmiddotanch of Lhe Armed Forces but all of this j ~

somehow ctfd not [ord iJJegihJe Jn fad tle Ground Forces have developed 1ntennivey rmiddotec~mtiy middot b~eauw i~he g1middotound ioret or our probablP adversary are developing very aetiveJy It is suficieHt ~o note thai in recent years 1 that Iis during ~be eurrent per-iud 1 ihe JOWElt or il1e [word illegible) or 01 motorized rifle divisiou has increased oy a factor of 20 its fire [word illegible] has j

middot increasec hy factor of 2-l) thf numb= of [ wori HlE t~~-ble carriers has increa~l(Jd by a faci~or nf middotmiddoti and at~Jlrmiddot o J iima te1l 50 [ t~K1 worbullds illegibie] tanks in

i t a motori~ed tbulliile divisior1

Petbullhampps ti1e only braucl1 of the ~lm(ll1 r~middotorces lrrticll has particularly undergone reorampanhtlon f1re ttlf f-i f bull ~) t~fbull~nsltl Fmiddotvcwlt iJlt1 1e thai tl1 ~ s middotis thP Ai rbull Defense Forces not he AJ1bull Defnn11e Fo-rGes of tbP Country as they were called unt 11 recently Whereas untJl rPcently the Alr- Defense oorces had three branch arms

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gtKlT IQIE~JSAa11 TO IOtl~GN NlYON1l lS IJ

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 8 of 11 Pages

they now have si~ Missile Attack Warning Troops Missile Defense Troops Space Defen~e Troopn Surface-to-Air Missile and Antiaircraft Artillery Troops Air Defense lwiation (not Fighter AviatorJ a tii s branch arm was previously called ) and Radio tedm gt _ lrncpt~

The numb~ )f ~~ middot middotc n~i1 -~ ~ ~ r- U t- Urmiddot D~ [Ew~B fu t eoc llas dcubled and naturally the tasks thi s branch performs have increased in volume and become more complex fn content These tasks are combatting the air and space enemy detecting a missile attack and warning the relevant authorities about it protecting a-dmin1strative-political industrial bull and military target s and in peacetime protecting the air borders monitoring observance of t he established flight regime ( three words i llegible] aviation including civil aviation and 110nitoring circuaterrestr ~ al space [ lJne ill~gible J Of course the system of co11aand and con tlol has c- hanged t o be procj s~ it has ~ come more complex due to the tact ~ha t llan lf of the f nnr tinns otmiddot the twt) branches [ the Jtir De f ense Forces and Air Fornes) lia ve been combined lllso a [word illegi bl e ] publication states that onemiddot of the s 1laquocial f tat -es of tbis bltanlth is that the air defense high command has bPer taken out of thPshy oper~ tiooal [word i llegi bi e ) so that all air def e nse means are curmiddottentl y middots ubordinate to the t heater command

Duril)g thElt prepar-a tion and part i eular-ly during th~ cond uct of fr ont operatiors the fr-ont has a comb i lled cbullllJIand poit of t he air tor-ces _andair defensel H i ~--usC rw~r bc irtg set up bui i ll ~ny event bull

[ Unkncwn anluuu t oi t ext middotmiss ing ~

[Ai l r li llts l lh is L~~ t hi only branch [bullild ] a the llr lled Forces wHh i ts own elemen ts ( v i ltiy j anrt coHpnrwnts (ImiddotodzJ lna ( Je the ~ lemen l s listed by Ogar-kov in thr~ -J ft l_ ro c t p i ~smiddot rNH~ i t ion lly d 1qte WPt-t alwayo elemen ts we did t hem that way ior ccnven ience f wo ltmiddotd illag i b lmiddot~] l etc th-P-se elemen t s The Princi p l es do ncbull bullt hale til is [Theymiddot ~d mpiy say ] thi t t -11 10bull Air Forces cons is i of Long-Range Aviat i on 11l1icil i n a ~omponent part of CnG 3t rategic nuclear f orces Front Aviation t1rmy AbullJirt tion arbull1 ~UHaty Tr-artEport IIJ 5 otion each of which consists of componntlt middot~le na Vt bull [ Uil k norm arMHm t (bullf t -J t mifgts f ng no t rre than severai_ U n~s ) s ~ Hbo te the Jd r lormiddotbull- -s htw-e the foUcJi ng aviat ion cOlllponents t omtJe r tirjl t ermiddot--oomaermiddot J fi gh tpound1 middot at acl r econnaissance transport and speciaJ rJvi n lion middot In mt~ of t he VG ~d ons of the Pr i nciples [several words illegible aJlto mt c UE middotshycampnYi ng bumber ( s evermiddotal ords illegible ] as an

inderYmd~n t (ltomr-onen t J 0 Ii1~ Hll~t~ i b1e ] middot

middotrni~ bro w~b of ttJe Abullmeri Fornfls i -ltmiddot ignrtl a large set of asks and has a broad rang1~ c mt os lmiddot~ns cif lir c i on Gf ll Ll t C~ ry- j nd us trial i nstallations disruption c f govexWient and mlli ~armiddot y cbullJmmrlnd nd control and di sruption o f the opera middoti-ton o t VH r e~ sbull~lri bull~( l ~ Tids bonch of the -Ar irHd For ces s upplies a ll the Armed rorces branches in n ngtJPr a t ~ on wit h aer_al reconna i sscnce da ta and

TS 1888613 Copy __

f middot u

middot middot 1

lP1 bull i I

~ffl

I

C01197698

bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50

Page 9 of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

TS 6888643 Copy IL

TOf- SECRCT

middot

co 11-97 698 TGi SLGRET

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 10 of 11 Pages

A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

TS 8886il3 Copy__

COll-976 98

~bull~In -tgtTlCI middot --U~EMlJC[ ~OUJ~Ciigt 0~ MEr~OlS INV 11)1 13MpoundAIIU TO row~J NAilitlgtloi it bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (SO

Page tl of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

TS 888~lt3 _ Copy~

TOi mn

TOP SECRET

i

J I

middotI middot

middotI I

I

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I bull middot

middot

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middot

-

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middot middotshy-~------------

Page 8: TOP SECUT I - National ArchivesC01197698 . TO¥" SECR[T ) Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C., section 403g) Page 6 of 11 Pages

C01197698 TOP SECRET

bull WAR~IIHO NOTCd-INTBJlG~NCI SOiJiGU OR METHOnS I

gtKlT IQIE~JSAa11 TO IOtl~GN NlYON1l lS IJ

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 8 of 11 Pages

they now have si~ Missile Attack Warning Troops Missile Defense Troops Space Defen~e Troopn Surface-to-Air Missile and Antiaircraft Artillery Troops Air Defense lwiation (not Fighter AviatorJ a tii s branch arm was previously called ) and Radio tedm gt _ lrncpt~

The numb~ )f ~~ middot middotc n~i1 -~ ~ ~ r- U t- Urmiddot D~ [Ew~B fu t eoc llas dcubled and naturally the tasks thi s branch performs have increased in volume and become more complex fn content These tasks are combatting the air and space enemy detecting a missile attack and warning the relevant authorities about it protecting a-dmin1strative-political industrial bull and military target s and in peacetime protecting the air borders monitoring observance of t he established flight regime ( three words i llegible] aviation including civil aviation and 110nitoring circuaterrestr ~ al space [ lJne ill~gible J Of course the system of co11aand and con tlol has c- hanged t o be procj s~ it has ~ come more complex due to the tact ~ha t llan lf of the f nnr tinns otmiddot the twt) branches [ the Jtir De f ense Forces and Air Fornes) lia ve been combined lllso a [word illegi bl e ] publication states that onemiddot of the s 1laquocial f tat -es of tbis bltanlth is that the air defense high command has bPer taken out of thPshy oper~ tiooal [word i llegi bi e ) so that all air def e nse means are curmiddottentl y middots ubordinate to the t heater command

Duril)g thElt prepar-a tion and part i eular-ly during th~ cond uct of fr ont operatiors the fr-ont has a comb i lled cbullllJIand poit of t he air tor-ces _andair defensel H i ~--usC rw~r bc irtg set up bui i ll ~ny event bull

[ Unkncwn anluuu t oi t ext middotmiss ing ~

[Ai l r li llts l lh is L~~ t hi only branch [bullild ] a the llr lled Forces wHh i ts own elemen ts ( v i ltiy j anrt coHpnrwnts (ImiddotodzJ lna ( Je the ~ lemen l s listed by Ogar-kov in thr~ -J ft l_ ro c t p i ~smiddot rNH~ i t ion lly d 1qte WPt-t alwayo elemen ts we did t hem that way ior ccnven ience f wo ltmiddotd illag i b lmiddot~] l etc th-P-se elemen t s The Princi p l es do ncbull bullt hale til is [Theymiddot ~d mpiy say ] thi t t -11 10bull Air Forces cons is i of Long-Range Aviat i on 11l1icil i n a ~omponent part of CnG 3t rategic nuclear f orces Front Aviation t1rmy AbullJirt tion arbull1 ~UHaty Tr-artEport IIJ 5 otion each of which consists of componntlt middot~le na Vt bull [ Uil k norm arMHm t (bullf t -J t mifgts f ng no t rre than severai_ U n~s ) s ~ Hbo te the Jd r lormiddotbull- -s htw-e the foUcJi ng aviat ion cOlllponents t omtJe r tirjl t ermiddot--oomaermiddot J fi gh tpound1 middot at acl r econnaissance transport and speciaJ rJvi n lion middot In mt~ of t he VG ~d ons of the Pr i nciples [several words illegible aJlto mt c UE middotshycampnYi ng bumber ( s evermiddotal ords illegible ] as an

inderYmd~n t (ltomr-onen t J 0 Ii1~ Hll~t~ i b1e ] middot

middotrni~ bro w~b of ttJe Abullmeri Fornfls i -ltmiddot ignrtl a large set of asks and has a broad rang1~ c mt os lmiddot~ns cif lir c i on Gf ll Ll t C~ ry- j nd us trial i nstallations disruption c f govexWient and mlli ~armiddot y cbullJmmrlnd nd control and di sruption o f the opera middoti-ton o t VH r e~ sbull~lri bull~( l ~ Tids bonch of the -Ar irHd For ces s upplies a ll the Armed rorces branches in n ngtJPr a t ~ on wit h aer_al reconna i sscnce da ta and

TS 1888613 Copy __

f middot u

middot middot 1

lP1 bull i I

~ffl

I

C01197698

bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50

Page 9 of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

TS 6888643 Copy IL

TOf- SECRCT

middot

co 11-97 698 TGi SLGRET

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 10 of 11 Pages

A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

TS 8886il3 Copy__

COll-976 98

~bull~In -tgtTlCI middot --U~EMlJC[ ~OUJ~Ciigt 0~ MEr~OlS INV 11)1 13MpoundAIIU TO row~J NAilitlgtloi it bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (SO

Page tl of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

TS 888~lt3 _ Copy~

TOi mn

TOP SECRET

i

J I

middotI middot

middotI I

I

bullbull f

I bull middot

middot

)1

middot

-

ti

middot middotshy-~------------

Page 9: TOP SECUT I - National ArchivesC01197698 . TO¥" SECR[T ) Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C., section 403g) Page 6 of 11 Pages

C01197698

bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50

Page 9 of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

carries out many transport movement tltwks and many tasks in support of ground forces in front and army operations

[Unknown amount of tbulltvt bullii~~in~ bull 1

As a brarcmiddot~l ~ f tb FJ rtJ middot~ rc ~ 1~middot- r~ ~~JV llls filtC it WC~1 arrls the Submarine Forces prevlously called Submarines as a branch) Surface Forces (previously called Surface Ship) Naval Aviation Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops (BRAIJ) and Naval Infantry

[Several wormiddotds illegible] with recent [movements] [word illegible] of our Navy particularly among the strategi~ submarine forces has increased fbullmiddot

tremendously as has the nucleaz- potemttal [Two lines illegible1 They perform the followng tasks oestJbulluction of milHary-industr1al installations disruption cf command and eontrol destlIJctlon of enemy naval groupings both durirff r-assage and at bltsbull~s gaining naval supremacy in coastal bodies of water and in opelationally LJ~i ant atmiddoteus f thro ocean

S)ecial Troops Soecial troops iii~ both a component part of the Armed Forces as a whole anri 1lt1ith their component parimiddots are Included iln each branch of the Armed forc~o altho11gh not all i$pecial troopsj ar-e For example the Space Troops are [~et apart as] indeperdent special troops because all of space is reIOIfld froDI subordination to a cornmander-in-chief There were [many] [word illegible I under [word ilHlgib1e] r under Tolubko in tbe [Strategic kocket Forc(s [ two wordf i llegibie] subortii na re 1 alrPn away (word illegible] also removed f rbull) m mborriinarimiddotgtn mdlt- iltltbiltco rn theuro middot Prirciples 1 however the Space lNbullop~~ ~s 11$8amp8middot cbulli middot h~ l1t~1~middoteme fiigtt Command ar-e included as special troop~

In gtmermiddotai he ~upptwr syster~ haJ changed significantly Our sbulltpport system is divided in tn thee gro m opermiddotatioltmiddotl support- special technical support and imiddotbH seamp middot vielt ~ ppor middotc wHnin ltad of n~se gruups tile tvpes of support have aJ1o betome more middotonrr ie~ Tilermiddotbull ate doul- ~2 yps~~ of special trClCIPS in the Arlled FtgtrCe5 Cbese irr~lwi~~ recollnaisance large units and units communitations and eJe~tronic warfare large units and units troops fmmiddot protewt1o~ agaLn~bullG ~ltear)om of mafmiddot ~bull desirucLion engineermiddot troops nucl farshytechiiicaJ trbull(V)ps ~ mi~sfi_~- l middotbnic)_ t roor~ ra ILway troops pipeline engineer tr-oopl ~icbull tor transpor middott tmiddotvmiddotlp~ s pltria J c~vntro1 middotmits and aviation engineer

middot [ uni ts ~ pprmiddot~middotr Liatel_v (fmiddotmiddotlourl-b r-I middotLlt n~ norlllaii~bull- adielEgts in the Prinr Jp1r3bull~ arJ re11nter1 tc tne rules anc cbullrmiddotgani7ailon of all tJrpes of support

CrgErdr1 t1onally tre 1rwtl For(Ps ( iJnstst of fmbullmations large units units and subunits [Line illegibie J

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TOf- SECRCT

middot

co 11-97 698 TGi SLGRET

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 10 of 11 Pages

A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

TS 8886il3 Copy__

COll-976 98

~bull~In -tgtTlCI middot --U~EMlJC[ ~OUJ~Ciigt 0~ MEr~OlS INV 11)1 13MpoundAIIU TO row~J NAilitlgtloi it bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (SO

Page tl of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

TS 888~lt3 _ Copy~

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middotI middot

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Page 10: TOP SECUT I - National ArchivesC01197698 . TO¥" SECR[T ) Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C., section 403g) Page 6 of 11 Pages

middot

co 11-97 698 TGi SLGRET

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 USC section 403g) Page 10 of 11 Pages

A formation iltJ an organizational unit with a variable (non-T0 composition everything depends on what kind of fonlzttion i l) perfo4~41ng what kinds of tagtks In the Armecl Forces there ltWe strategi~ c t -lt~tional-strategic operational and operational-tactical f0rmiddotm~U c~ ~

Stra tegic tc ~J2 LLO IJ l ll l-) bull fu ~middot lt~ [ mmiddotJ i l0Ule in [ ~ltOlCi Ulegible] composition combined armed forces in the TMO It has been established in practice and now (word Hlegible] the theater command (two or tllref 1-0rds illegible] n the PrincipleS -- this ls a strategic formation

Operational~strateg(bull formations are the front fleet and air defense district the Moscow ilir Defense Distrbulllct is tM only air defense district left)

there are also operational-sttbullatertr tzorHcnmiddotial IormHtions which include group of forces ~ irontier military is tritts and iJeacetime mUi~ary districts which form fronts Ttalfrilt= wa~ ltm exeiciltlc last yeavmiddot by the Moscow Military District whJ ch~-was dhtiH~tedl by thEgt Chief middotof the General staffi on thP basis of the mHi raly ctistricl a tront was f0rmwJ

io put i t liml)ly operltbull ional forMa fions incluae all armie in the Armed Forcts combineti-arms arwies tank armies llissilt armies missile attack warnlng armies middot operational and strategic air armies of the Sllpreme High Command n1ilitary iransport aviatinn Ut appea-s as both an aviation element and an opermiddotational formiddotmation) and ahmiddot fomiddotces of fconts fleets and flotillas

rhermiddotF are also opernUonal trrmiddotrit rlinl formiddotmiddotroations hfch inc1uda interior mili l~ary c1 gtiJ i e i wli b formiddotti 5rpa u tilt ar r ~ I ~bull Et Ihe li~ girtning of a war and all wart lme 1r i ii ian r d ~ ~~bmiddot i ~ i~

up~rmiddota t ictncbullJ bull~ arimiddoti ca i t G1mat ion ( cot[gt alw middot ys ustci io 1(~ consiclered to be an opebullmiddotrllmiddotoola middotmiddot ~w r i cai 1 middotmiddot g~ uni t i ha~ ncbullw i s en in rank lo an npera tiona shytact 5cal fo~MtIon ~n lhH ne~r 11 Pl lncpiemiddot middotall tne sflt1ndarlt1s go through ttie corps Grrny (nmiddotmiddotroy ltor middot p~i tn ~ he f ucurmiddote cur arrty corps wiU probablv be set up as orrerationai maneuver group~ to conduri eombat actions (word Elegible 1 front operatitn dGrmiddotP ir t hEgt n mr r f the e r ~ l(r [ t~ est of lircf illegible]

Large units are a flO entity [formirovaniye and include all divisions and middotmiddot brigdes A large w11 t middot ~ named ac~ord i1p to the predominant type of weapon in

a givbullgtn dis tion lior rlPiilpi t a mototmiddot izd riilr rlJv ~ slon does of course have a tA11k ~nt i lt ti an and a irrik rmiddoteginront Ctil t middot L s it has a wt of tanks but it is not callGtl n tank divl~ion tlecause ma l l atm-5 ar e the ptedorrlinant weapon Or a miSSoJe bt f~tgt Ji~ 21M ln~l td Pgt other [WJ t d 11 rgi Ol 1 but bbullr VJrtue Of the predL)ilil1lttrJ - CJItpn HJon of m~ts u bbull~m fis middotand Wflaponmiddots it is considered a [miMil8] brmiddot igMie

TS 8886il3 Copy__

COll-976 98

~bull~In -tgtTlCI middot --U~EMlJC[ ~OUJ~Ciigt 0~ MEr~OlS INV 11)1 13MpoundAIIU TO row~J NAilitlgtloi it bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (SO

Page tl of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

TS 888~lt3 _ Copy~

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TOP SECRET

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J I

middotI middot

middotI I

I

bullbull f

I bull middot

middot

)1

middot

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COll-976 98

~bull~In -tgtTlCI middot --U~EMlJC[ ~OUJ~Ciigt 0~ MEr~OlS INV 11)1 13MpoundAIIU TO row~J NAilitlgtloi it bull

Withheld under statutory authority of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (SO

Page tl of 11 PagesUSC section 403g)

Military unlts include regiments and three classes of ships can include separate batlllions whl ch are not par t of rmiddotegiments and can even include separete collpnn1es which are not part ui saclions A characteristic appurtenan~e of a mllHrmiddot- m~ t ls ~hlt ~ r Jrtgtt rclorgt in the name of1

the PresitliUiil middot) f He ltmiddotlpltc ouit~ lbullL ltl - pb~gti ~ ~itJ reciue this of course penal iltcli - bbullJlig q4ad~middot ~1gt l Ja~ rd [on ~r lkv ~-crds illegible ] units do not receive this

These are the main points in a general survey of the Armed Forces

TS 888~lt3 _ Copy~

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TOP SECRET

i

J I

middotI middot

middotI I

I

bullbull f

I bull middot

middot

)1

middot

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