Top Marks 2 TM AK SPA.indd

1

REVIEW OF TENSES (page 4)

PRESENT TENSES AND STATIVE VERBS

1 1. Present Simple 2. Present Simple

3. Present Continuous

2 a. sentence 3 b. sentence 1

c. sentence 2

3 1. The verb understand is a stative verb and is not usually used in the continuous form.

2. The verb hear is a stative verb and is not usually used in the continuous form.

PAST TENSES

4 1. Past Simple 2. Past Continuous

3. Past Perfect Simple


c. sentence 2

PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE

6 1. Present Perfect Simple 2. Past Simple

3. Present Perfect Simple


c. sentence 2

FUTURE TENSES

8 1. be going to 2. Present Continuous with future meaning

3. Future Simple

9 a. sentences 1 and 2 b. sentence 3

FUTURE PERFECT AND FUTURE CONTINUOUS

10 1. Future Continuous 2. Future Perfect


page 5

TEST YOURSELF

1. a 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. a 9. b 10. a 11. b 12. a 13. a 14. b 15. a

16. a 17. a 18. b 19. b 20. a 21. a 22. a 23. b 24. a 25. a 26. a 27. b 28. a 29. a 30. a

2

1unit ARE YOU MOBILE?

READING (page 8)

READING STRATEGY: READING FOR THE MAIN IDEA

1 See exercise 2.

2 b. Rules for mobile phone use

3 gathered: collected together hoot: a sound made by a car horn as a warning or

signal tapping: touching something or somebody lightly,

especially more than once

page 9

OVER TO YOU

Possible answers

It’s quite different from our country because we don’t have so many rules here. You can use your mobile phone in lots of places such as restaurants and cafés.

A CLOSER LOOK: EASILY CONFUSED WORDS

1. b 2. a

only: sólo, solamente

alone: solo, sola

EXAM TOP MARKS – READING

5 1. True. “Parisians won’t hesitate to speak their mind if they see someone chatting on the phone.” (lines 27-29)

2. False. “If I’m socialising and my mobile phone rings, I never answer it – it’s just not done.” (lines 36-40)

3. True. “Text messaging is extremely popular here.” (lines 55-56)

4. False. “They’ll express their disapproval by tapping their feet loudly until the call is over.” (lines 64-66)

6 1. In London, people disapprove of using mobile phones in public.

2. When they are with friends, Parisians never answer their mobile phones.

3. Parisians feel that meals are more important than the phone.

4. On public transport in Japan, people are not allowed to talk on mobile phones.

5. Japanese businessmen ignore the rules if they think they might miss out on a deal.

7 1. obviously (line 2) 4. shows up (line 46) 2. disturbed (line 21) 5. rarely (line 54)

3. seems (line 22) 6. annoyed (line 64)

VOCABULARY (page 10)

j WORDS FROM THE TEXT1 1. a 5. a

2. a 6. b 3. b 7. a 4. b

2 1. pavement 5. preferable 2. miss out on 6. crowded

3. deals 7. signal 4. value 8. switch off

3 1. annoyed 5. privacy 2. disapproval 6. hesitate

3. appreciate 7. on display 4. matter 8. put away

page 11

j VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Collocations

4 1. d 4. a 2. c 5. e

3. f 6. b

5 1. break the monotony 2. broke the ice

3. broke ... record 4. break the habit 5. broke ... heart 6. broken ... promise 7. breaking the law 8. broke the news

Idioms

6 1. f 5. b 2. e 6. a

3. g 7. c 4. d

7 1. What’s the latest gossip? Come on, I’m all ears! 2. This is just between you and me. Please don't

breathe a word. 3. I haven’t got a lot of time, so don’t beat about

the bush. 4. I’ve been trying to speak, but I can’t get a word in

edgeways! 5. Please speak your mind and tell me what’s

bothering you. 6. Why am I so sure that Ronald is getting married?

Well, I heard it straight from the horse’s mouth. 7. We’ve tried to make him understand, but it’s

like talking to the wall.

3

VOCABULARY IN USE

8 Possible answers

1. I feel annoyed when my parents don’t listen to me.

2. It’s quite difficult to break the habit of playing computer games.

3. I would never breathe a word about your family problems.

4. I try to avoid drinking coffee late at night. 5. Before I go to bed, I switch off my computer. 6. You run a risk when you walk alone at night.

GRAMMAR (page 12)

RELATIVE CLAUSES 1. people – who / that 2. things – which / that 3. places – where 4. times – when 5. possession – whose

DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES 1. non-defining 3. non-defining 2. Defining 4. Defining

FORMAL AND INFORMAL STRUCTURE 1. formal 2. informal 3. formal

1 1. when 5. where 2. which / that 6. who

3. whose 7. where 4. which / that

2 1. e - The first mobile phone was an instrument which / that weighed one kilogram.

2. b - GPS is a satellite technology which / that can locate things anywhere on Earth.

3. a - Ken Olson was a man who / that said, “There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.”

4. f - 1973 was the year when the mobile phone was invented.

5. c - 845 million is the number of people who / that use the Internet regularly.

6. d - The 1940s was the decade when the first computers were developed.

7. g - Latin America is the region where use of the Internet is growing the fastest.

page 13

3 1. whose 5. which / that 2. which ... player, 6. where

3. ,which / that ... headphones, 7. whom / that 4. which / that 8. when

4 The relative pronoun can be omitted in 4, 5 and 7.

5 1. I remember the day when we bought our digital camera.

2. Cybercafés, where people can use the Internet, are great for travellers.

3. The e-mail which / that you sent yesterday never arrived.

4. The Love Bug, which / that can destroy your computer files, is a kind of virus. / The Love Bug which is a kind of virus, can destroy your computer files.

5. The DVD player which / that I want to buy can be installed in a car.

6 1. The police found the computer thief for whom they had been searching.

2. The music to which you’re listening was written by my brother.

3. The girl to whom I sent a note is ignoring me. 4. The candidate for whom I want to vote is

speaking now. 5. The man with whom I was walking is my

husband.

7 1. The police found the computer thief they had been searching for.

2. The music you’re listening to was written by my brother.

3. The girl I sent a note to is ignoring me. 4. The candidate I want to vote for is speaking now. 5. The man I was walking with is my husband.

8 Possible answers 1. ... you can see beautiful beaches.

2. ... my team won the league, I was 15 years old. 3. ... career has been amazing, became famous in

Operación Triunfo. 4. ... once dated Tom Cruise. 5. ... was held in Germany in 2006, was won by Italy.

EXAM TOP MARKS – GRAMMARRewrites: Relative Clauses

9 1. His new song, which was played on the radio all day, is a great success.

2. She is a young author whose books I love. 3. This is Waterloo Station where you catch the train

to Westminster. 4. The child to whom I gave my ice cream was

very happy. 5. The company for which I work is very successful.

4

REVIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6

10 1. I have lost Sara’s phone number. 2. Thomas started working here six years ago.

3. The climber broke his leg while he was climbing. 4. When does the school year begin? 5. The student to whom I wanted to speak was ill.

SKILLS (page 14)

jLISTENING: Hug Shirts1 1. to introduce a new invention

2 1. c 3. a 2. c 4. b

3 1. True. “When you send a hug, the sensors in the shirt feel … the warmth of your skin ...”

2. False. “He doesn’t own one.” 3. True. “... you’d start out by hugging yourself.” 4. False. “... hug me shirts come in many different

colours!” 5. False. “They (hug shirts) can be washed! You just

remove the sensors ...” 6. True. “... it’s really inexpensive!”

j PRONUNCIATION

4 /g/: looks, works

/h/: seems, shows, plays, is

/BBh/: marches, catches

5 1. The picture shows a man – he seems worried.

2. He looks as if he’s on a business trip.

jSPEAKING: Describing a picture6 a. 2 b. 1 c. 3

7 1. This picture shows … (This is a picture of …); he looks as if … (I’d say that …, it could be that …, perhaps …)

2. He seems to be … (He must be …); ... in the background (... behind him)

3. From his expression (From the look on his face … ); I’d say that … (you can tell that …, it could be that … ); He’ll probably … (He’s likely to …)

WRITING (page 16)

1 1. “I believe that if you follow these rules, the world is at your fingertips!” (paragraph no. 4)

2. “... Internet shopping is convenient”- “there is no need to leave the comfort of your home.” “you can find items that might not be available locally ...” (paragraph no. 2)

3. “... it can be risky to shop by Internet.” “there are some items … that are better to see before buying.” (paragraph no. 3)

4. “Many people today use the Internet to shop because it is both quick and easy. Nevertheless, Internet shopping has some disadvantages.” (paragraph no. 1)

5. Examples in favour of Internet shopping: you can buy “unusual CDs” (paragraph no. 2); Examples against Internet shopping: “The credit card details that you provide may be used by the wrong people ...”; “clothes ... , are better to see before buying.” (paragraph no. 3)

j IMPROVING YOUR WRITING: Connectors of Addition and Contrast2 Connectors of addition: In addition, Moreover

Connectors of contrast: Nevertheless, On the one hand, On the other hand, but

3 1. c 5. b 2. a 6. c

3. b 7. a 4. a 8. c

page 17

4 1. Many young people do extreme sports although it’s / they’re dangerous.

2. Our football team won the local championship as well as the national championship.

3. Mobile phones are useful in emergencies. Moreover, they are very convenient.

4. I enjoyed the film despite arriving / having arrived late at the cinema.

5. The weather was stormy. Nevertheless, the pilot decided to land his plane.

6. Anna is quite talented at maths, and she’s also good at science.

5 1. despite 4. In addition 2. as well as 5. Although

3. However 6. but

5

6 Possible answers

1. Travelling is a wonderful way to learn new things; however, it can be rather expensive.

2. I almost always have a good time at parties even though I’m a terrible dancer.

3. Emma loves Italian food as well as Italian wine. 4. Some pupils use their mobile phones during

lessons even though everyone knows it’s forbidden.

5. Alex has been on a diet for weeks but he hasn’t lost any weight.

6. I’d like to learn to ski despite the fact that it’s a bit dangerous.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS (page 18)

VOCABULARY

1 1. ignore 6. on display 2. noticed 7. hesitate

3. gathered 8. deal 4. appreciate 9. signal 5. privacy 10. disapproval

2 1. c (broke) 4. a (ran) 2. b (broke) 5. f (break)

3. d (run) 6. e (run)

3 1. beating about the bush 2. won’t breathe a word

3. like talking to the wall 4. all ears 5. speaking his mind

GRAMMAR 1 2 3 4 5 6

4 1. were sleeping 6. will cut 2. don’t go 7. Are you seeing

3. which 8. whose 4. had lost 9. Have you finished 5. left 10. will have driven

5 1. They came in while we were discussing money. 2. The man to whom you introduced me seems

strange. 3. I continued to work after I had rested for

an hour. 4. He’s leaving in the morning. / He’ll be leaving

in the morning. 5. Birmingham, where I grew up, used to be much

smaller. 6. How much does bread cost nowadays? 7. I have known Harold for three years. 8. The woman who is speaking now is the

headmistress.

ERROR CORRECTION

6 1. If you’ve got a mobile phone, you’ll feel safe when you’re alone at home.

2. Sue is a nice person that I can depend on. 3. This is the student whose mobile phone has

just rung. 4. Japanese people, who are very sensitive to

noise, rarely shout in public.

6

page 19

1 They remember stories of better times that have gone by. They were very good-looking and good at sports, but now their lives aren’t as brilliant and attractive as they were when they were at high school. In fact, they haven’t been very lucky in life.

READING (page 20)

READING STRATEGY: PREDICTING CONTENT

1 Possible answer

I think the text is about how school life used to be in the past.

2 School has changed a lot since then. Nowadays, discipline isn’t as strict as it used to be, school subjects are less demanding and teachers are much more open with students.

3 taking part: participating in harsh: difficult to live in or tolerate because it’s very

uncomfortable addressing: calling someone a particular name or title

OVER TO YOU

Possible answers

They must have decided to participate in this reality TV programme because they wanted to become famous. That’s the only reason most people take part in this type of TV programme.

I would never take part in such an experiment becauseI don’t want anybody to know anything about my private life.

page 21


a. The adverbs are in sentences nos. 2 and 3. Hardly (sentence no. 2) is an adverb of frequency and hard (sentence no. 3) is an adverb of manner.

b. Sentence no. 1: Hard can be translated as duro. Sentence no. 2: Hardly can be translated as apenas. Sentence no. 3: Hard can be translated as mucho,

duramente and try hard as esforzarse.


5 1. b – Holly broke down when the matron shouted at her.

2. a – Holly found that she preferred the 1950s school to her own.

3. c – But now that we’ve seen That’ll Teach ‘Em, can we be sure that school life has improved since the 1950s?

6 1. False. “Every detail of life back then ... and horrible meals – was reproduced for the programme.” (lines 11-14)

2. True. “... could the experiment possibly succeed? Well, yes.” (lines 29-31)

3. False. “They later reported that they had hardly missed TV.” (lines 37-38)

7 1. burst into tears (line 2) 2. allowed (line 15)

3. sure (line 51)


j WORDS FROM THE TEXT1 1. b 5. b

2. a 6. b 3. b 7. b 4. a 8. a

2 1. change for the better 2. boarding school

3. as long as 4. gone too far 5. burst into tears 6. coping with

3 1. rules 5. dare 2. obey 6. punishment

3. tidy 7. doubt 4. allowed 8. harsh

j VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Phrasal Verbs

4 1. visit 4. criticise 2. survived 5. think of

3. break 6. discover

page 23

5 1. c 4. b 2. a 5. d

3. f 6. e

6 1. come up with 5. coming round 2. stands for 6. come across

3. came down on 7. stand by 4. stand out 8. stood up

Suffixes

7 Nouns: creation, obedience, kindness, punishment, possibility

Adjectives: graceful, disastrous, complicated, imaginative, recognisable, confident, experimental

2unit REMEMBER WHEN . . .

7

8 Noun suffixes: -tion, -ence, -ness, -ment, -ity

Other noun suffixes: -ship (membership, relationship, friendship) -ance (appearance, assistance, importance) -er / -or (driver, teacher, actor) -ure (failure, pressure, pleasure) -sion (admission, confusion, permission)

Adjective suffixes: -ful, -ous, -ed, -ive, -able, -ent, -al

Other adjective suffixes: -less (careless, harmless, useless) -ing (boring, tiring, exciting, amazing) -ic (realistic, optimistic, catastrophic, artistic)

9 1. doubtful 4. preferable 2. obedient 5. effective

3. reality 6. excellence

10 1. financial 4. polluted 2. seriousness 5. examination

3. enjoyment 6. nervous

VOCABULARY IN USE

11 Possible answers

1. One of my goals is finishing a university degree. 2. I feel quite confident about my chances of

getting into a good university. 3. There is no doubt in my mind that Julie will

stand by me when I need her. 4. I’ve never dared to ask a boy out. 5. I was glad when I stood up to the boy who

used to bully me at school. 6. The other day I came across an old jazz record

that my father had bought in a street market. 7. I’m quite happy as long as I don’t have too much

homework.

GRAMMAR (page 24)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

A a. sentence no. 2 b. sentence no. 1

B We use have / has + been + verb + ing to form the Present Perfect Continuous.

We use had + been + verb + ing to form the Past Perfect Continuous.

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

A a. The gerund appears as the subject in sentence 4. The gerund follows a verb in sentence 1.

The gerund follows a preposition in sentence 3. The gerund follows an expression in sentence 2. b. The infinitive follows a verb in sentence 5. The infinitive follows an adjective in sentence 6.

B pair no. 2

1 1. Have you been swimming 2. have been waiting

3. had been looking 4. had been planning 5. has been trying 6. hadn’t been getting

2 1. have been swimming 6. had been swimming / 2. covered had swum

3. changed 7. had had 4. had finished 8. had been waiting 5. climbed 9. have never heard 10. have ... changed

page 25

3 1. hasn’t invited 2. lived

3. had been studying 4. have known 5. has been sleeping 6. had been driving 7. had eaten 8. hasn’t been feeling

4 1. to go 5. asking 2. flying 6. getting

3. meeting 7. making 4. to leave 8. to play

5 1. I don’t remember meeting Jane. 2. I regret having to tell you the bad news.

3. I forgot to leave you a key. 4. My father has stopped smoking. 5. I regret lending him my camera. 6. We tried using hot water, but we still couldn’t

open the jar. 7. I’ll never forget seeing the baby take her first step. 8. We’ll stop to eat on the way.

6 Possible answers

1. She wants to improve her marks, so she has been working hard lately.

2. I hope swimming will improve my physique. 3. We know this town very well because we have

lived here all our lives. 4. Lately, my friends and I have argued a lot

because we have different interests. 5. They were covered in dirt because they had

been cleaning the garage.

EXAM TOP MARKS – GRAMMARRewrites: Change of Tense

7 1. We’ve lived / been living in this house for seven years.

2. The last time I saw a film was six months ago. 3. I’ve never been to London before. 4. After John had been driving for six hours, he

stopped to rest. 5. How long have you been studying English?

8

WRITING (page 28)

1 1. in the woods, in the summer 2. the writer’s family

3. heavy rain while camping 4. pack things and look for a hotel 5. used to, Past Simple (stopped, happened, was,

etc.), Past Continuous (were sleeping), Past Perfect (we had set up)

j IMPROVING YOUR WRITING:Connectors of Sequence

2 when, after, soon, then, during, at first, until, before, finally

3 1. As soon as 4. Next 2. by the time 5. at some point

3. eventually

4 1. Finally 5. by the time / before 2. before / by the time 6. At first

3. during 7. until 4. soon 8. Then

page 29

5 1. a 3. f 5. h 7. e 9. c 2. i 4. d 6. b 8. j 10. g

6 Possible answers

1. when / after 2. At first 3. All of a sudden 4. When / As soon as 5. during 6. in the end / eventually 7. After some time / At some point 8. eventually / then 9. by the time / when 10. Finally / In the end


VOCABULARY

1 1. complicated 6. boarding school 2. collapsed 7. as long as

3. miss 8. going too far 4. dare 9. obeyed 5. doubt 10. rules

2 1. stand by 4. stood up to 2. coming down on 5. came across

3. come up with

3 1. obedience 5. examinations 2. experimental 6. seriousness

3. punishments 7. enjoyment 4. effective

REVIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6

8 1. I regret telling him the news. 2. The child that we saw was probably lost.

3. I joined the club three weeks ago. 4. I have been playing the piano since I was six. 5. Ryan, who has lived in Greece, speaks fluent

Greek.

GRAMMAR IN USE9 Possible answers

1. I hadn’t been taking my school work very seriously; I’d been going out at night, watching lots of TV and so on. Eventually, I failed a few tests, so I decided to change my attitide.

2. Since then, I’ve been trying to concentrate more during the lessons and I work hard for every test.

SKILLS (page 26)

j LISTENING: An Unusual Experiment1 Possible answer

Maybe they are going to a fancy dress party.

2 The Bowler family participated in the British reality TV programme 1900 House, living exactly the way people did in the year 1900.

3 1. speaker 3 4. speaker 1 2. speaker 2 5. speaker 1

3. speaker 4 6. speaker 2

4 1. b 2. c 3. c 4. a

j PRONUNCIATION

5 /BL/: beer, pier /CL/: fair, pear

j SPEAKING: Comparing pictures7 a. sentence 2

b. sentence 1 and 3 c. sentence 5 d. sentence 4

page 27

8 1. Both pictures show parents and children together.

2. There’s a difference in the way they’re sitting. In picture A, they are posing for the camera, but in picture B they’re relaxing and watching TV.

3. It looks like the people in picture A are very serious about getting their picture taken – they’re probably doing it for the first time.

4. I’d rather live in the 21st century than in the year 1900.

9

GRAMMAR 1 2 3 4 5 64 1. have been looking 7. appeared

2. have noticed 8. repeat 3. stopped 9. were 4. had been wearing 10. are 5. were wearing 11. having 6. had been

5 1. had been crying 4. to move 2. whom 5. had spilt

3. haven’t been studying

ERROR CORRECTION

6 1. I haven’t downloaded any music since my PC broke down.

2. I worked in a shop when I lived in Paris. 3. I don’t remember seeing Jean at the party. 4. He looked tired because he had been working

for ten hours non-stop. 5. I lived in Santiago for ten months. Then I lived

in Vigo for a couple of years.

10

page 31

1 1. c 3. a 5. c 7. c 2. a 4. b 6. b 8. a

2 Possible answers

I think it’s worth learning English and French because if you speak these languages, you can study in many foreign countries and finish your degree abroad. Also, if you speak English and French you have a better chance of finding a good job.

READING (page 32)

READING STRATEGY: PRONOUN REFERENCING

1 them – the Chinese people They – the crowd in Li Yang’s lesson

he – Li Yang this – reading English texts out loud

2 overcomes: successfully deals with or copes with something

runs counter to: goes against or conflicts with something

enabling: making something possible to happen

page 33

OVER TO YOU

Possible answers

This method is good to relax and lose your self-consciousness. It’s great for students who are afraid of conversing in a classroom.

One disadvantage is that maybe students in big groups are not paid enough attention and the teacher doesn’t correct their mistakes, as there are a lot of people shouting at the same time.

I would like to try this method because I’m very shy and it’s difficult for me to participate in small groups where everybody is looking at me.


a. Though is a connector; through is a preposition and thought is a verb.

b. Through means por medio de, a través de; thought means pensado, creído; though means aunque.


4 1. It’s difficult for the Chinese people to speak in a classroom because they feel embarrassed when they make a mistake in public. (lines 14-16)

2. Li has changed a lot since high school because he used to be very reserved and unsuccessful, but now he’s become a charismatic and successful teacher. (lines 25-27)

3. We know that Li was determined to continue his studies because he made up his mind to start studying hard for an English examination. (lines 30-31)

4. Crazy Chinese is similar to Crazy English because Li’s unusual approach is used to teach both languages. (lines 50-52)

5 1. c – Li discovered that he could concentrate and remember better when he read the text out loud. (lines 32-33)

2. b – His approach runs counter to the Chinese traditional values of restraint, modesty and moderation. (lines 42-44)

3. a – He believes that people who are bilingual in Chinese and English will soon be in great demand as China’s global influence grows. (lines 52-55)

6 1. succeed (line 4) 4. natural (line 25) 2. famous (line 5) 5. conventional (line 41)

3. shy (line 14) 6. grows (line 55)


j WORDS FROM THE TEXT

1 1. charm 4. read aloud 2. devised 5. upcoming

3. banned

2 1. prosper 4. runs counter to 2. value 5. judge

3. hop 6. proposal

3 1. yelling 5. enable 2. is about to 6. proficient

3. insane 7. overcome 4. throughout 8. command

jVOCABULARY BOOSTER: British / American English

4 1. d 4. a 2. f 5. c 3. e 6. b

3unit CRAZY ENGLISH

11

5 1. British 3. American 2. American 4. British

6 1. tin / can, dustbin / garbage can 2. apartment / flat, elevator / lift 3. movie / film, cab / taxi 4. boot / trunk, junction / intersection

page 35

Prefixes

7 1. b 6. e 2. d 7. d

3. f 8. a 4. g 9. h 5. c

The meaning not is used twice.

8 1. misbehave 5. co-exist 2. re-arrange 6. enclose

3. indirect 7. non-members 4. interdependent 8. bicycle

9 1. unimportant 5. co-workers 2. misunderstood 6. encourage

3. overpopulated 7. anti-virus 4. non-smoking 8. preview

10 1. 1. b 4. 1. b 2. a 2. a

2. 1. a 5. 1. b 2. b 2. a 3. 1. a 6. 1. a 2. b 2. b

VOCABULARY IN USE

11 Possible answers

1. I am an enthusiastic fan of Jason Kay, the singer of Jamiroquai.

2. I’m quite proficient in playing the guitar. 3. I usually try to co-operate with my parents. 4. I sometimes mispronounce the word though,

which I often confuse with through. 5. I’d love to have a vacation in Russia, which is an

exciting country. 6. I feel I deserve to pass all my exams in May.

GRAMMAR (page 36)

MODALS

be able to, have to / don’t have to, need to

MODAL PERFECTS

a. sentence 2 d. sentence 4 b. sentence 6 e. sentence 5 c. sentence 3 f. sentence 1

SHOULD / HAD BETTER

a. sentence 2 b. sentence 1

had better (‘d better) is followed by the base form of the verb.

1 1. shouldn’t go 4. needn’t wait 2. can’t be 5. may have left

3. must have left 6. might rain

2 1. can’t have heard 2. shouldn’t have eaten

3. couldn’t have been 4. may have read 5. would have told 6. needn’t have come 7. must have lost 8. should have called

3 1. must have gone 2. wouldn’t have managed

3. could have been 4. should have spoken 5. might not have heard

page 37

4 1. must feel 2. shouldn’t use

3. should have taken 4. may / might come 5. may / might / must have stolen

5 1. needn’t 5. don’t have to 2. must not use 6. may have forgotten

3. can’t 7. would have 4. should have known

6 1. ‘d better visit 4. ‘d better start 2. ‘d better leave 5. ‘d better not stay

3. ‘d better not tell 6. ‘d better not drive

7 Possible answers

1. Sarah’s got a great voice. She should go to the next Operación Triunfo audition.

2. That man is badly hurt. We should take him to a hospital.

3. That dog looks angry. You’d better not bother it. 4. I need to lose weight. I’d better give up eating

hamburgers. 5. I’ve broken my tooth. I should go to the dentist

right now.

12

EXAM

TOP MARKS – GRAMMARRewrites: Modals

8 1. He may have called while I was out. 2. You needn’t move the table.

3. Robin must be home by now. 4. Alan shouldn’t have been rude to his boss. 5. You’d better not move.

REVIEW 1 2 3 4 5 69 1. Philip had been waiting for you for an hour

when you showed up. 2. I’m trying to stop wasting water. 3. The morning train, which usually arrives on time,

was late today. 4. She can’t be serious. 5. Yvonne must have forgotten my birthday.

GRAMMAR IN USE10 Possible answers

1. The driver may have drunk alcohol. The driver might not have seen the other car. The driver should have been more careful. 2. They must have gone to the nearest hospital.

SKILLS (page 38)

jLISTENING: Language School1 1. She wants to study Italian because she loves

that language. 2. Nigel suggests that Carol go to the language

centre at the University of Bologna. 3. She’s surprised because she hadn’t thought

about both living and studying the language in Italy.

2 1. c 3. b 5. b 2. b 4. c

3 Conversation

1Conversation

2Conversation

3

Language Italian French English

Length of course

Three weeks One week Twelve weeks

Maximum number of students in class

15 8 25

Price €500 €600 €250

j PRONUNCIATION

4 /q / year, beautiful

/r/ where, one

5 In wh-questions, the intonation goes down at the end of the sentence. In yes / no questions, the intonation goes up.

j SPEAKING: An Interview6 Yes, she’s suitable for the job because she has got a

lot of experience as a waitress, as she has helped her father in the family restaurant in Verona (Italy).

page 39

7 1. Anna Frezza 2. I live in London.

3. I am 18 years old. 4. I finished school last month. 5. I worked as a waitress in the family restaurant. 6. Because it will give me the chance to meet people

and practise my English. 7. I’m returning to Italy next year to study modern

languages.

WRITING (page 40)

1 1. Dubbing films in other languages or using subtitles.

2. The author prefers dubbing films. 3. Subtitles take away from the enjoyment of

watching a film. With subtitles it is harder to relax and enjoy the film. Subtitles are usually of poor quality.

4. It’s difficult to keep up with the story while reading, particularly with fast-moving scenes. With subtitles, parts of the conversation are omitted because they have to be short enough to fit on the screen.

j IMPROVING YOUR WRITING: Connectors of Cause and Result

2 Connectors of cause: since (as, because), because (since)

Connectors of result: as a result (therefore, consequently),

consequently (for this reason, so, therefore), therefore (as a result, consequently, for this reason)

3 1. a 3. c 5. b 7. c 2. a 4. b 6. a 8. b

13

page 41

4 Possible answers

1. so / therefore 2. because / as / since 3. Due to / Because of 4. because of / due to / owing to 5. For this reason / Therefore / As a result

5 1. We’d like to go on holiday. Therefore, we’ve contacted a travel agent.

2. Sara can’t pay for her tickets due to her financial problems.

3. I am unable to send you an e-mail as we have no Internet connection.

4. We are willing to reconsider your request as a result of your parents’ letter. / As a result of your parent’s letter, we are willing to reconsider your request.

5. David was given the lead role in the play since he’s got great talent.

6 Possible answers

1. I think that English is important because it’s the most useful language in the business world.

2. Many films are in English due to the fact that most of them are produced in the United States.

3. Some people have got a natural talent for languages. Therefore, it’s easier for them to learn a language.

4. It’s a good idea to learn Chinese since China will become more influential in the future.

5. Charles would love to live in France. For this reason, he’s taking French lessons now.


VOCABULARY

1 1. runs counter to 6. judge 2. started out 7. proposal

3. command 8. overcome 4. are about to 9. expelled 5. prosper 10. yell

2 1. gas (American) 4. tins (British) 2. fall (American) 5. lorry (British)

3. elevator (American) 6. boot (British)

3 1. insane 4. misbehave 2. non-smoking 5. co-workers

3. enable 6. re-arrange

GRAMMAR 1 2 3 4 5 6

4 1. had to buy 7. couldn’t understand 2. had been trying 8. shouldn’t have moved

3. didn’t know 9. have been laughing 4. shook 10. must have thought 5. turned 11. had ... chosen 6. had shown

5 1. b 5. a 2. b 6. c

3. c 7. b 4. a

ERROR CORRECTION

6 1. Even though the Chinese are shy, Li’s students don’t mind shouting.

2. Brian must have felt embarrassed when he fell.

3. Could we have learned more English by using Li’s method?

4. Local governments shouldn’t have banned Crazy English.

5. They learn English easily because / as / since they use rap in class.

14

page 43

1 1. It’s impossible to do any physical activity unless you have eaten properly.

2. Some people simply eat to stay alive. However, other people just want to eat all day long.

3. What you eat says a lot about the type of person you are.

4. Apart from very basic things like eating, other things (relaxing, travelling, etc.) are also important.

5. People have different tastes and what may be pleasant for you might be repulsive to another.

6. People who are going through bad times are more ingenious and likely to take risks and achieve goals. / When you’re hungry, anything tastes good.

Sayings nos. 2, 3, 4 and 6 are similar in Spanish.

2 Possible answers

I agree with saying no. 4 because I think that there is more to life than just working. I also need to have a good time with my friends, play sports and have fun.

I disagree with saying no. 6 because if you are hungry, you can’t think well and it’s more difficult to make a sensible decision.

READING (page 44)

READING STRATEGY: SCANNING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION

1 1. John (aged 15), Jason (aged 17) and Nathan(aged 10)

2. 230 3. 2002 4. near Chicago (USA)

2 The crime rate can be reduced by a healthy diet because the nutrients in healthy meals help to prevent violence in individuals who are likely to commit a crime.

3 crave: have a strong desire for something nourishing: providing the food that is necessary for

life and good health disruptive: disturbing; interrupting normal order or

progress

page 45

OVER TO YOU

Possible answer

A healthy diet should be based on vegetables, fruit, fish and some meat. It should avoid fast food, chocolates and sweets.

I’m afraid my diet is not very healthy because I often eat pizza and hamburgers.


a. Each is always followed by a singular noun. b. All is always followed by a plural noun. c. Each (cada); all (todo/s)


Sentence Completion

5 Possible answers

1. Dr Gesch’s study shows that schools should provide more nutritious meals.

2. A standard diet wouldn’t help John and Jason because they have severe responses to certain foods.

3. The diets given at the Pfeiffer Center are based on the particular nutrients that each patient needs / that each patient must avoid to prevent violent reactions.

4. Nathan wouldn’t have been in a special school if his behaviour weren’t disruptive / violent.

6 1. c 2. b

7 1. unfortunately (line 5) 2. reduce (line 32) 3. inexpensive (line 33) 4. lacks (line 40) 5. severe (line 47) 6. ordinary (line 50)


j WORDS FROM THE TEXT 1 1. b 3. a 5. c 2. c 4. c 6. a

2 1. b 3. e 5. f 7. d 2. c 4. g 6. h 8. a

3 1. point out 6. liable 2. disruptive 7. nourishing 3. lacks 8. assortment 4. imbalance 9. level 5. crave 10. ruin

j VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Phrasal Verbs

4 1. causes 2. move to an earlier time 3. earning 4. begin to discuss 5. return 6. reduced

4unit FOOD FOR THOUGHT

15

page 47

5 1. c 3. a 5. e 2. f 4. d 6. b

6 1. bring on 2. put off 3. bring down 4. has ... put forward 5. will ... bring in 6. brought up 7. has put up with

Idioms

7 1. often 4. bad 2. angry 5. isn’t 3. wrong 6. many

8 1. a couch potato 2. a piece of cake 3. not my cup of tea 4. selling like hotcakes 5. food for thought

9 1. not my cup of tea 2. eat my hat 3. a piece of cake 4. put all your eggs in one basket 5. bit / has bitten off more than he can chew 6 selling like hotcakes 7. take ... with a pinch of salt 8. couch potato

VOCABULARY IN USE

10 Possible answers

1. I refuse to put up with people who don’t respect me.

2. I sometimes crave a cup of coffee although it’s bad for me.

3. I’m afraid that David Bisbal is not my cup of tea. 4. I don’t like it when our teachers bring up the

subject of exams. 5. I enjoy nourishing foods, such as salads and stews. 6. For me, English is a piece of cake.

GRAMMAR (page 48)

REPORTED SPEECH

STATEMENTS

1. It moves a step back into the past.

2. Personal references, time expressions and place words.

QUESTIONS

1. We add if / whether when reporting a yes / no question.

2. The word order is the same as that of a statement, not a question.

ORDERS 1. We use an infinitive in reported orders.

2. We add not to the infinitive in negative reported orders.

SUGGESTIONS recommend / suggest + that + subject + base form + complements

recommend / suggest + gerund + subject + complements

REPORTING VERBS WITH OTHER STRUCTURES a. reporting verb + infinitive b. reporting verb + gerund c. reporting verb + object + infinitive

1 1. the previous night 4. not to come 2. she had been waiting 5. had enjoyed 3. the next day

2 1. Beth asked what time the party was. 2. Beth asked if Paul would be there. 3. Beth asked if her dress looked nice. 4. Beth asked where the front door key was. 5. Beth asked if I / we could give her a lift home.

3 1. Janis said that she hadn’t enjoyed that book. 2. The detective warned us not to say a word. 3. Fred promised to do / that he would do the

washing-up the next / the following day. 4. Nadine suggested buying their tickets early. 5. Harriet asked me whether / if I could help her

move those chairs. 6. The Smiths claimed that they hadn’t met their

new neighbours yet. 7. Grace admitted copying Paul’s work / that she

had copied Paul’s work. 8. My friend told me that he / she had been

sleeping during the lecture the day before / the previous day.

16

page 49

4 1. had booked 2. wanted 3. try 4. to bring 5. liked 6. wanted 7. preferred 8. had made 9. would bring 10. had been waiting / had waited

5 1. “I have to study for my exam tonight,” Larry explained.

2. “Why don’t we try the new coffee shop?” Martha suggested.

3. “Don’t forget to post the letter on your way home!” Trevor reminded me. / “Post the letter on your way home,“ Trevor reminded me.

4. “Don’t tell anyone about my secret!” Lily warned us.

5. “I was at home last night,” the suspect claimed. 6. “You’d better / You should eat brown bread,”

the dietician advised me. 7. “Have you ever been to this city before?” our

host inquired. 8. “Where can I find jeans?” I asked the sales

assistant.

EXAM TOP MARKS – GRAMMARRewrites: Direct Speech to Reported Speech

6 1. Eleanor said that they had gone out to a restaurant the previous Sunday / the Sunday before.

2. My mother asked me if I knew what time it was then.

3. The leader ordered Paula to wait there for him / her. 4. Adam asked Molly whether she would come

with him the following day / the next day. 5. Nathan suggested that they clean the house

and surprise everyone.

REVIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 1. You needn’t bring your grammar book tomorrow. 2. Anna enquired why Andrew was using her

computer. 3. We should have asked her for her phone number. 4. You’d better not touch that snake! 5. I have been working on this project all morning.

GRAMMAR IN USE 8 Possible answers

1. Mrs Romero told us that ten students had failed the philosophy exam.

2. Mr Jimeno asked us why we hadn’t worked harder for our maths exam.

3. The headmaster reminded us not to smoke in the toilets.

4. Mrs Villalba insisted that she wouldn’t put off our history exam.

5. Mr Capote warned us not to speak during the test.

SKILLS (page 50)

jLISTENING: GM Food 1 They must have different opinions because Dr Kirby is a

biotechnologist who has helped develop GM foods and Greg Bailey is an environmental activist campaigning against genetic modification.

2 1. c 2. d 3. b 4. a

3 1. b 3. d 5. d 2. d 4. b 6. c

j PRONUNCIATION 4 unhealthy, hungry, husband, huge, who, human

5 1. In my opinion, GM food is harmful to humans. 2. Tests have shown that it’s not unhealthy.

jSPEAKING: Expressing opinions 6 Student A shows more interest because he / she

often asks the other student for his / her opinion.

7 I think that – In my opinion, It seems to me that What do you think? – What’s your opinion? I disagree – I don’t think you’re right In my opinion – I think that, It seems to me that What makes you think that? – Why do you think so? You’re right about that – You’ve got a point,

That’s true Don’t you think …? – Isn’t it a fact that …? I suppose so – You’ve got a point, I guess

WRITING (page 52)

2 Nos. 1, 4 and 5 were not included in the summary.

3 Only main ideas must be included in a summary. It’s unnecessary to include details or examples.

17

page 53

j IMPROVING YOUR WRITING: Paraphrasing 4 Sentence no. 1 is better because sentence no. 2

includes the writer’s opinion (sadly), examples (the Spanish, the Italians, the French) and copies words from the original text (neglect the unique food of their own cultures).

5 1. Because of the increase in sales of herbal tea, less regular tea is being consumed.

2. Although doctors are worried about obesity, eating contests have become more popular recently.

3. Oily fish is / are an excellent source of the fatty acids (which are) needed for brain function.

4. Many people don’t believe that carrots are beneficial for your vision, but it’s true.

6 1. Clearly 2. Apparently 3. Consequently 4. Presently 5. Although


VOCABULARY

1 1. enrolled 6. pointed out 2. level 7. ruined 3. pill 8. lacks 4. staff 9. liable 5. treat 10. measure

2 1. brought up 2. bring on 3. put forward 4. put up with 5. put off 6. putting up

3 1. a piece of cake 2. not my cup of tea 3. eat my hat 4. put all your eggs in one basket 5. bit my head off 6. take them with a pinch of salt

GRAMMAR 1 2 3 4 5 6

4 1. weighs 2. can eat 3. has taken part / has been taking part 4. has broken 5. had eaten 6. could have eaten 7. stayed 8. ate 9. not to begin 10. starting

5 1. Sonya said that she was going to be in a competition the following day / the next day.

2. The interviewer asked whether he / she had won his / her first contest.

3. This is Nathan, whose car I’ve just bought. 4. Tom needn’t have apologised. 5. You had better not speak during the exam. 6. Jenny promised that she would cook dinner

that night. 7. Beth may have spoken to George about the

problem. 8. When he woke us, we had been sleeping for

an hour. 9. Those rumours can’t be true. 10. Rob asked me if I had been thinking about him

that morning.

ERROR CORRECTION

6 1. All inmates were given pills containing vitamins. 2. Some meals lack vitamins and minerals. 3. Sue’s grandparents brought her up in Italy. 4. My father asked me why I had come home so late. 5. The doctor ordered John not to eat tomatoes.

18

page 55

1 They weren’t famous from the beginning because they played in bars, slept in their own cars, practised out in the street and didn’t have much money.

At the end of the story they were given the opportunity to sign a record company contract.

2 Possible answers

It is a positive trend because it’s good for a singer to appear on TV and become well known. Everybody deserves the opportunity to succeed in the world of music.

I don’t think it’s a good trend because these groups and singers are not real artists who have made themselves. They are artificial products created by companies or TV channels to make money. And the truth is, nobody will remember most of these singers in a couple of years’ time.

READING (page 56)

READING STRATEGY: IDENTIFYING THE AUTHOR’S PURPOSE

1 3. To explain facts or give information.

2 A tribute band is a group that plays the songs of a famous band, imitating their performance as far as possible.

3 weird: strange mainstream (adj): reflecting the most widely accepted

views of a nation or culture wreck (v): to destroy completely or damage seriously

page 57

OVER TO YOU

Possible answers

I think I would go if the tickets were cheap. I wouldn’t go. I’m not sure it’s worth seeing an imitation. I’m not really interested in seeing a tribute band because what I want is the original band.


a. live (sentence no. 1) is an adverb and lives (sentence no. 2) is a noun.

b. live (sentence no. 1) means en directo and lives (sentence no. 2) means vidas.

EXAM TOP MARKS – READINGFinding Synonyms / Antonyms

5 1. convincingly (line 22) 2. allowed (line 27) 3. rewarding (line 38) 4. remain (line 50) 5. witnessing (line 54) 6. chances are (lines 57-58)

6 1. True. “Its members are all over 50, while the musicians on stage must be in their 20s.” (lines 6-8)

2. True. “Many of the players are first-rate.” (line 21)

3. True. “Moreover, it can be much more profitable than playing in an original band which may not succeed.” (lines 43-45)

4. False. “Another advantage is feeling like a celebrity, but without the security guards and paparazzi that can wreck the lives of real stars.” (lines 46-48)

5. False. “So get those tickets for your favourite band and relax ...” (lines 56-57)

7 Possible answers

1. Nowadays tribute bands are welcome at elite nightclubs where they couldn’t play in the past. (lines 25-27)

2. Musicians in tribute bands perform for enthusiastic audiences and make more money than playing for an anonymous band. (lines 37-45)

3. a. Musicians feel like superstars playing for enthusiastic audiences and they aren’t disturbed by paparazzi. (lines 46-48)

b. You can have a good time seeing the nearest thing to your favourite group at an affordable price. (lines 55-57)


jWORDS FROM THE TEXT 1 1. a 3. a 5. b 7. a 2. b 4. a 6. b

2 1. front-row seats 2. moved to tears 3. might as well 4. named after 5. looks down on 6. all in all 7. go broke

5unit MUSIC MANIA

19

3 1. no longer 2. devoted 3. first-rate 4. equipment 5. on stage 6. afford 7. rewarding 8. well worth

page 59

j VOCABULARY BOOSTER: Collocations

4 1. have a go at 2. went from bad to worse 3. went broke 4. on the go 5. went mad 6. going bald

5 1. the next best thing 2. just the thing for 3. the real thing 4. has a thing about 5. no such thing 6. make a big thing about

Word Families

6Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

1 enjoy enjoyment enjoyable enjoyably

2 originate origin 1 original originally

3 play player playful playfully

4 use use 2 useful 3 usefully

5 profit profit profitable profitably

6 accept acceptance acceptable acceptably

7 describe description descriptive descriptively

8 devote devotion devoted devotedly

9 appreciate appreciation appreciative 4 appreciatively

10 secure security secure securely

1. also originality 2. also user, usefulness and uselessness 3. also useless and usable 4. also appreciable

Use and profit have got the same form for the verb and noun.

7 1. appreciation 6. acceptance 2. useful 7. profitable 3. originally 8. enjoyment 4. playful 9. devote 5. security 10. describe

VOCABULARY IN USE

8 Possible answers

1. There’s no such thing as white monkeys in Gibraltar.

2. My laptop is the most useful thing I own. 3. I’d like to have a go at parachuting. 4. People are appreciative when you do your best

to please them. 5. I can’t afford to travel around the world. 6. Studying for a degree is well worth the effort.

GRAMMAR (page 60)

THE PASSIVE

1. The passive is formed with the appropriate tense of the verb be and the participle of the main verb.

2. We use the passive when the action is more important than the person or thing that does the action and also when we ignore who / what the agent of the action is.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS

When writing a passive sentence with both a direct and an indirect object, either the direct or indirect object can become the subject of the sentence, depending on which information we want to highlight. However the first form is more common.

SPECIAL FORMS

Passive 1 / Structure: It + be + participle + clause Passive 2 / Structure: Subject + be + participle +

infinitive

THE CAUSATIVE

In the causative form, we use have or get + object + past participle.

1 1. is being served 5. could have been killed 2. hasn’t been used 6. was spent 3. should ... be put 7. was being discussed 4. had been tested 8. have to be paid

2 1. will be broadcast / is being broadcast / will broadcast

2. must have moved 3. was being discussed 4. have already packed 5. Are … sold 6. had been done 7. might have been painted 8. Did … throw away 9. are being interviewed

20

3 1. The thief has already been caught. 2. It will be delivered to your home tomorrow. 3. He wasn’t sent a cheque for £1 million till last

month. 4. It shouldn’t have been left on the table. 5. She is believed to be in Italy now.

4 1. Your bill wasn’t paid last month. 2. Is coffee grown by Jamaican farmers? 3. Help! I’m being robbed! 4. This work can be done by Matthew. 5. Have the new books been ordered (by the library)

yet? 6. This trip could have been planned more carefully.

page 61

5 1. I haven’t been shown my room yet. My room hasn’t been shown to me yet. 2. We could have been given better advice. Better advice could have been given to us. 3. He had just been sold the ring. The ring had just been sold to him. 4. It is thought that the exhibition is interesting. The exhibition is thought to be interesting. 5. It is known that rock singers make a lot of money. Rock singers are known to make a lot of money. 6. It is believed that the French are the best cooks. The French are believed to be the best cooks.

The best cooks are believed to be French.

6 1. Where did you get them printed? 2. We’ll have it repaired tomorrow. 3. They’re having it prepared by a professional chef. 4. I got my clothes washed by the laundry service. 5. How often do you have it cut? 6. Have you had your teeth checked this year?

7 1. feel 2. is believed 3. has been transformed 4. depends 5. might have become 6. cannot be underestimated 7. is considered 8. will change

EXAM TOP MARKS – GRAMMARRewrites: Active and Passive

8 1. They were repairing my car when you called. 2. The fire is being put out as fast as possible. 3. In England, people / they eat dinner early in the

evening. 4. The accident might have been caused by the

lorry driver. 5. I realised that someone had stolen my credit card. 6. This book has been translated into six languages.

REVIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6

9 1. You can borrow books for a month from this library.

2. Sonia asked Luke if / whether he had found his keys.

3. We’ve already had our car repaired. 4. The problem wasn’t solved. 5. You’d better not forget to post the letter. 6. My mother promised to lend me the car the

following day / the next day.

GRAMMAR IN USE 10 Possible answer

Last summer I went to the U2 concert in Seville. Amazing sound equipment and lighting were used.

SKILLS (page 62)

jLISTENING: Crossover Music 1 Most people think that classical music is for older

people.

2 1. b 3. d 5. c 2. a 4. b

3 1. False. Classical music makes up only 4% of record sales.

2. True. They are all graduates of London’s top music academies.

3. False. The fact that Tony is black was a big selling point.

j PRONUNCIATION

4 /O:/ five, dry, might /Q:/ boy, oyster, soil /P:/ drown, cow, plough

5 1. allowed 3. concert 2. quiet 4. conductor

21

j SPEAKING: Comparing pictures 6 Possible answers

1. 1. people listening to music2. enjoy themselves 3. young people clapping and having fun 4. older people listening to classical music

2. 1. the people2. the conductor of the orchestra 3. the singer or the band

3. 1. quiet and serious2. excited and cheerful 3. standing and cheering

4. 1. go to a fast-food restaurant2. go to a smart restaurant and have dinner

5. 1. A 2. I find classical music boring

WRITING (page 64)

1 Possible answers

1. Dear Sir / Madam, 2. 73 Sun Lane, Birmingham 3. I hope you will consider my application

favourably. Enclosed please find a CV including my contact details so that you can get in touch with me.

4. 57 Ennersdale Road, Oldbury B69 2HD 5. I am writing in order to apply for the position of

music show presenter on Radio 9’s Hot Spot. 6. Yours faithfully, 7. I have worked at the Metropolitan Music Shop

for nearly two years; constantly read music magazines; well-informed; ability to speak convincingly to an audience.

j IMPROVING YOUR STYLE: Connectors of Purpose 2 in order to (paragraph no. 1) and so as to

(paragraph no. 2) are followed by the bare infinitive form so that (paragraph no. 4) is followed by a clause

3 1. in order to 2. so that 3. so as to 4. so that

4 Possible answers

1. Sally won’t come back home late so as not to make her parents angry.

2. My mum wants to find a job so that she can bring in some money.

3. I’ll start revising for my history exam right now in order not to waste time.

4. Jim and Sara are always having parties so that they will have a lot of friends.

5. I’ve discussed the problem with Jim so as to find a solution as soon as possible.

6. In a job interview you must look confident to make a good impression.

jReview of Connectors 5 1. b 3. c 5. c 7. b 2. a 4. a 6. c

page 65

6 1. Some people are willing to climb mountains even though it’s dangerous.

2. Max has been studying hard. Furthermore, he has been working all year.

3. We discussed the problem while we were having dinner.

4. We wrote a letter because of the bad service we had received.

5. Despite being a famous celebrity, she lacks any talent.

7 Possible answers

1. They thought carefully about the trip. Then, they put forward a plan.

2. Even though it’s illegal to park on the pavement, many offenders are not caught.

3. The workers were dissatisfied because they had to work long hours for low pay.

4. The band plays mostly hip hop. However, they also play punk.

5. Although brand name clothes are expensive, teenagers insist on buying them.

6. Our teacher has been ill. As a result, we haven’t finished the material for the exam.

8 1. in order to 6. Furthermore 2. First of all 7. as well as 3. Next 8. as a result of 4. also 9. However 5. After 10. despite


VOCABULARY

1 1. no longer 6. remained 2. went broke 7. front-row seats 3. unknown 8. rewarding 4. devoted 9. well worth 5. might as well 10. wrecked

2 1. d. A crackling fire is just the thing for a cold winter day.

2. e. I love planes. One day I’d like to have a go at flying one.

3. b. Marcus has so much energy, he’s on the go from morning till night.

4. a. The weather went from bad to worse so we couldn’t go to school.

5. c. I wish Sally wouldn’t make a big thing about the price of the tickets.

3 1. appreciation 4. acceptance 2. originated 5. useful 3. descriptively 6. enjoyable

22

GRAMMAR 1 2 3 4 5 6

4 1. had been injured 2. had been complaining 3. couldn’t be given 4. try 5. listened 6. felt / was feeling 7. is considered to be 8. can reduce 9. enables 10. is also used

5 1. What is being done to fight pollution? 2. This bag must have been left here by mistake. 3. Have they banned smoking in pubs? 4. Food is sold to tourists at higher prices. 5. We are having a new air conditioner installed

in our flat. 6. Cindy asked Bob if he had been sleeping since the

night before / the previous night. 7. Kevin warned me not to listen to Rona. 8. It’s a pity, she should have written down what

the doctor said. 9. I gave up smoking five years ago. 10. This is Liverpool, where The Beatles grew up.

ERROR CORRECTION

6 1. Jim wants an iPod to listen to his favourite music. 2. Their favourite songs are now being recorded

by a tribute band. 3. Led Zepagain is said to be a first-rate band. 4. Their new album will be released next week. 5. Kieran is working hard in order not to

disappoint his parents.

23

page 67

3 Possible answers

It’s true that I’m realistic and quite conventional. I think I would like to be an architect, but not an accountant.

My personality type is social and enterprising, but I would like to be a doctor. I think it’s also important to like working with people if you want to be a doctor and to help people who need you.

READING (page 68)

READING STRATEGY: MAKING INFERENCES 1 b

2 He wanted to go to Africa because he wanted to visit interesting, remote places where he could have new experiences.

3 summoned: requested or required a person to go somewhere

docks (n): group of piers on a protected area of water used as a general landing area for ships

marauders: people who carry out violent attacks

page 69

OVER TO YOU

Possible answers

I think foreign travel can influence your personality in quite a good way because it can help you become more mature and responsible as your parents won’t be around and you’ll have to get by on your own.

I feel it can be a bit dangerous to travel abroad on your own. There’s no point in having dangerous experiences in foreign countries.


a. The whole family can be translated as toda la familia or la familia entera. All the windows is translated as todas las ventanas.

b. Whole is an adjective and all is a determiner.

EXAM TOP MARKS – READINGGeneral Exam Tips

Review of Question Types

4 1. b – “… it took you about five weeks to get to China” (lines 11-12)

2. c – “Without the slightest regret I said goodbye to Repton forever…” (lines 23-25)

5 1. False. “In those days it was not difficult to get into either of these great universities so long as you could pay.” (lines 3-5)

2. True. “… I was sailing away for a good deal longer than three years because the Second World War was to come along in the middle of it all.” (lines 43-46)

3. False. “… I got my African adventure all right.” (lines 47-49)

6 Possible answers

1. When the writer was told he was going to Africa he was excited. He looked forward to seeing the wild animals. (lines 30-34)

2. We know that he had dangerous experiences in the jungle because he says he had to learn to protect himself against the attacks of dangerous people. (lines 63-67)

3. The trip had a positive effect on the writer, who learned to take care of himself in difficult situations. (lines 67-69)

7 Possible answers

1. In the early 1930s, people could not travel as easily as we can nowadays. (lines 9-10)

2. The writer did not apply to companies that would not send him to foreign countries. (lines 19-20)

3. Young people who have stayed in civilisation will never learn to take care of themselves. (lines 67-69)

8 1. straight 4. salary 2. abroad 5. stifling 3. slightest


j WORDS FROM THE TEXT 1 1. distant 2. almost 3. fell heavily 4. to a foreign country 5. two weeks 6. burning 7. decision

6unit MAKING CHOICES

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2 1. b 5. a 2. b 6. a 3. a 7. b 4. b 8. a

3 1. straight 5. a good deal 2. come along 6. Above all 3. apply for 7. regrets 4. summons 8. turns out

j VOCABULARY BOOSTERBritish / American English

4 1. b 5. h 2. d 6. a 3. g 7. e 4. c 8. f

page 71

5 1. American – mail 2. British – underground 3. British – wardrobe 4. American – faucet 5. British – trolley

Phrasal Verbs

6 1. a 5. b 2. a 6. b 3. b 7. b 4. a 8. a

7 1. c 4. e 2. a 5. d 3. b

8 1. turned out 6. turned up 2. see to 7. see ... through 3. turned on 8. saw ... into 4. turn in 9. turned ... into 5. see ... off 10. turn up

VOCABULARY IN USE

9 Possible answers

1. A fortnight ago, I had a terrible argument with my parents.

2. If I ever go abroad, I’d like to go to India, which must be an incredible country.

3. I have no regrets about the decision I’ve made. 4. This year has been a good deal more demanding

than I had expected. 5. This term I hope to be lucky and pass all my

subjects. 6. I think that Ice Age 2 is terrific.

GRAMMAR (page 72)

CONDITIONALS 1. second conditional 2. third conditional 3. first conditional

IMPERATIVES, MODALS AND TIME CLAUSES

1. first 2. both 3. present

WISH CLAUSES

a. sentence no. 3 b. sentence no. 2 c. sentence no. 1

1 1. put 5. hear 2. would have read 6. wouldn’t work 3. can’t 7. stops 4. were 8. hadn’t locked

2 1. had, would try 2. arrives, will answer 3. wouldn’t have enjoyed, hadn’t read 4. might have agreed, had asked 5. would look, were 6. will cry / cries, yell

3 1. If they didn’t like us, they wouldn’t invite us to their house every week.

2. If you had listened, you would have known what to do.

3. Unless he buys one, he won’t be able to get in touch.

4. If she goes to the doctor, he / she may give her medicine.

5. If you go out, please buy some (milk) at the supermarket.

6. If I hadn’t jumped, I would have been knocked over by the / a lorry.

page 73

4 1. had told 4. could 2. were 5. would call 3. had

5 Possible answers

1. We had a great time. I wish you had come with us.

2. I’ve got brown eyes, but I wish they were blue. 3. Toby had a car accident last year. He wishes

people wouldn’t ask him about the accident. 4. I don’t like that man. If only he would leave. 5. I broke up with Cindy last year, but I’m still sad.

I wish I could forget her. 6. I miss Kenny. If only he hadn’t left the country.

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6 1. are 5. weren’t 2. will turn out 6. hadn’t broken up 3. would have 7. wouldn’t have spent 4. knew 8. have decided

EXAM

TOP MARKS – GRAMMARRewrites: Conditionals and Wish Clauses

7 1. Unless you come along, I won’t go. / I won’t go unless you come along.

2. If I had enough money, I would travel. 3. If only the jeans had been the right size (she

would have bought them.) 4. I wish we had found the correct information. 5. I wish I could tell you the whole story. 6. I wish I could speak Italian.

REVIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6

8 1. Josh told me he wouldn’t be there that night. 2. If my car weren’t in the garage, I could drive you

to the shops. 3. This project should have been finished yesterday. 4. All the children were given Christmas presents. 5. As soon as I get my marks, I’ll apply to university. 6. I wish I had asked Paul out.

GRAMMAR IN USE 9 Possible answers

I wish I hadn’t been so rude to my girlfriend. I wish she hadn’t broken up with me. I wish I could forget her. I wish I had better marks at school. I wish I could buy a car. I wish my parents would allow me to study in a

foreign country.

SKILLS (page 74)

jLISTENING: The Gap Year 1 b

2 1. b 3. d 5. b 2. c 4. a

3 1. You can find travelling companions through the Internet.

2. If she had the chance, Holly would work with animals.

3. Volunteers pay for their flight, food and a place to stay.

4. According to Holly, if you work you should use the money for university.

5. You can do a gap year after you have finished your degree.

j PRONUNCIATION 5 1. you’ll 3. you are 5. I am 2. I’d 4. they’re

jSPEAKING: Role play 6 Possible answers

1. I don’t think that’s a good idea. 2. On the contrary. 3. Don’t you realise …? 4. That’s not true. 5. don’t forget that … 6. we can talk about it later. 7. Let’s sleep on it.

7 Possible answers

They are arguing about what Sophie should study when she finishes school.

I agree with Sophie because I think it’s more important to do something you like even if your parents think it won’t help you find a good job.

WRITING (page 76)

1 a. Queenstown is an absolutely wonderful place for young travellers. If you are in that part of the world, you definitely shouldn’t miss it! (paragraph no. 4)

b. bungee jumping, white-water rafting, skydiving, ballooning, skiing, snowboarding, cruises, tours and mountain hikes (paragraph no. 3)

c. Queenstown, a town in New Zealand’s Southern Lakes district (paragraph no. 1)

d. located next to a deep, blue lake, surrounded by breathtaking mountains (paragraph no. 2)

j IMPROVING YOUR STYLE: Adjectives and Adverbs 2 1. crowded, boring 2. glorious, deep, blue, beautiful, wonderful 3. popular, fantastic, fun, relaxing, world-famous,

enjoyable, famous

3 Possible answers

1. The region is known for its white, sandy beaches and fabulous surfing.

2. You’ll enjoy walking down the narrow streets of this ancient village and learning about the area’s glorious history.

3. Tourists can go for a thrilling ride in a speedboat or just have a relaxing massage at the spa.

4. This city, with its modern architecture and busy streets, is famous for its lively atmosphere and great entertainment.

5. The cable car takes you up to the top, where you can enjoy a breathtaking view of the majestic mountains all around.

26

4 Possible answers

breathtaking: speed, scenery relaxing: hotel, holiday resort fascinating: country, city, culture picturesque: village, harbour crowded: restaurant, café entertaining: tours, hikes ancient: monuments, civilisation lively: town, community glorious: valley, cliffs thrilling: flight, journey majestic: countryside, pyramid sandy: beach, floor, towel noisy: pub, tavern, club tranquil: spa, scenery modern: facilities, transport fabulous: lake, view

page 77

5 1. typical 4. superb 2. horrible 5. graceful 3. charming

6 Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of Degree

seldom absolutely

frequently extremely

occasionally fairly

often pretty

rarely rather

usually completely

quite

7 Possible answers

1. Our local museum often has some fairly interesting exhibits.

2. I occasionally go shopping at the shopping centre despite the fact that it’s rather expensive.

3. That disco is quite popular and students from our school frequently go there.

4. We were absolutely shocked to find out that restaurants usually closed their doors between two and seven o’clock.

5. Although the sea in the area is often stormy, on that day it was completely calm.

8 Possible answers 1. My town, which has an ancient history and a

majestic tower, is pretty attractive for middle-aged tourists.

2. Miami is quite a modern place which has always fascinated me.

3. Nervión Plaza is a lively place where I occasionally go shopping.


VOCABULARY

1 1. summoned 6. terms 2. straight 7. faraway 3. a good deal 8. fortnight 4. applied for 9. turned out 5. regrets 10. got off

2 1. cookie 4. purse 2. shopping trolley 5. posted 3. chips 6. drugstore

3 1. off 4. out 2. to 5. away 3. out 6. through

GRAMMAR 1 2 3 4 5 6

4 1. has been living / has lived 2. would find 3. were 4. would have to spend 5. is able to use 6. should have been told 7. helped 8. wouldn’t have turned out 9. appreciated / appreciates 10. would do

5 1. b 4. c 2. a 5. a 3. b 6. c

ERROR CORRECTION

6 1. If I don’t go to university, I will apply for a job. 2. I’ll take some time off as soon as I have finished

school. 3. He’ll study medicine unless he fails his entrance

exam. 4. I wish she would study a bit harder.

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EXAM PRACTICE 1 (page 82)

1 1. b 2. a 3. a

2 Possible answers

1. According to the writer, teenagers always look for new ways to stand up to their parents and teachers.

2. Teenagers passed on the ringtone by text messages.

3. The writer believes that “Teen Buzz” will remain popular because students enjoy hearing their phones ring while the teacher can’t.

3 1. detected 4. going on 2. gradually 5. evidently 3. affectionately

4 1. Because it was originally created by adults to be used against teenagers.

2. Technology changes, but human nature doesn’t.


1 1. c 2. a 3. b

2 1. a 2. b 3. b

3 1. Visitors using the Lifeplus system are required to wear a miniature camera on their head and a backpack computer.

2. Lifeplus is different from ordinary virtual reality in a number of ways.

4 1. It combines digital and real views and it creates augmented reality.

2. It could enable virtual characters to interact with real people.


1 1. b 2. a 3. c

2 1. damaging 2. to the point 3. capable of 4. switch 5. unfounded

3 1. False. “Yet despite these concerns, many experts insist that teenage writing skills have not been affected by text messaging.”

2. True. “Furthermore, some experts claim that the increased … a generation with improved writing skills.”

3. True. “Overall, the concerns that teenagers are fast turning into text-messaging robots appear to be unfounded.”

4 They can change between texting and standard English in the same way that bilingual children switch languages between school and home.


1 1. c 2. b 3. b

2 1. springing up 2. scents 3. to counter 4. benefits 5. fad 6. proven

3 1. False. “Although oxygen-bar users swear that they feel healthier and have more energy, doctors are not convinced.”

2. False. “It is true that the benefits of using the oxygen bar haven’t been scientifically proven.”

4 1. To counter the effects of highly-polluted city air. 2. It stops people from going to ordinary bars where

they drink alcohol and breathe cigarette smoke.


1 1. a 2. b 3. b

2 1. a 2. c 3. a 4. b

3 1. Bacteria and parasites seemed to be controlled by the music.

2. As a result of the music, Cignozzi believes that his plants have grown stronger and healthier.

4 1. False. “Cignozzi’s findings have so impressed … to confirm them scientifically.”

2. False. “Yet Cignozzi needs no scientific proof to convince him that grapes do better under the influence of music.”

3. False. “What is more, he firmly believes … and that not just any music will do.”


1 1. c 2. b 3. c

2 1. skills 2. funded 3. award 4. participating 5. encourage

28

3 1. True. ”In their view, by emphasising the direct rewards … that volunteering is its own reward.”

2. False. “It is this intrinsic reward that will ultimately encourage … after the programme has ended.”

4 1. The Millenium Volunteers Programme was created so that young people who weren’t able to afford to take gap years will now be able to.

2. Volunteers who complete the programme are more likely to get into university or find jobs.

29

PRACTICE TEST 1 (page 88) 1 1. c 2. c 3. b

2 1. shortage 2. landmark 3. old-fashioned 4. take part 5. copy 6. combining

3 1. Due to the popularity of the game, there was a national shortage of coins.

2. Computer game companies have tried to make games more lifelike in recent years.

4 1. True. “The first time around, the game … used to play it.”

2. True. “Perhaps the renewed interest … also fun to play!”

PRACTICE TEST 2 (page 89)

1 1. b 2. c 3. a

2 1. b 2. a 3. a

3 1. False. “By reviewing the blogs … to gain valuable information.”

2. True. “Yet, although many companies are analysing blogs, … as sources of information.”

4 1. Unless the company deals with the individual problem quickly, the issue may start to appear in many blogs.

2. Although negative opinions were expressed on the Internet, the new burger was a big success.

30

LISTENING PRACTICE 1 (page 91)

THE BIG SCREEN

1. d 3. a 5. a 7. a2. c 4. d 6. b 8. d


BANNING HOODIES 1. d 3. b 5. a 7. c2. c 4. d 6. d 8. c


AN UNUSUAL RACE 1. d 3. d 5. c 7. b2. b 4. b 6. a 8. d


APNOEA-DIVING1. c 3. a 5. c 7. a2. b 4. d 6. b 8. c


HEALTH MATTERS1. d 3. d 5. c 7. c2. a 4. b 6. b 8. b


LEARNING A NEW LANGUAGE

1. d 3. b 5. c 7. d2. c 4. b 6. a 8. d

31

LISTENING TEST 1 (page 97)

THE MISSING MOBILE 1. b 3. c 5. c 7. a2. b 4. d 6. b 8. c

LISTENING TEST 2 (page 98)

DRIVER SAFETY 1. b 3. a 5. a 7. b2. c 4. b 6. d 8. c

32

PRONUNCIATION (page 119)

j PHONETIC ALPHABET

2 1. /æ/ 5. /C/

2. /A/ 6. /N/

3. /F/ 7. /O/

4. /I/ 8. /CB/

3 1. / a/ 5. /i/

2. / Y/ 6. /q/

3. /f/ 7. /b/

4. /W/ 8. /d/

4 1. teacher 5. houses 2. Thursday 6. cupboard 3. computer 7. homework 4. chocolate 8. jeans

j WORD STRESS

5 1. preferable 5. overhear 2. disruptive 6. devoted 3. confident 7. interrupt 4. proposal 8. terrific

j WEAK FORMS

6 1. weak 5. weak 2. strong 6. weak 3. weak 7. weak 4. strong 8. strong

j DIPHTHONGS

7 1. said 2. lot 3. low 4. olive

j TRIPHTHONGS

9 1. fear 2. tower 3. layer

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