The International Social Survey Program, 1985-2012

Tom W. Smith, NORC/University of Chicago

Arctic Circleircle

Tropic of CancerTropic of Cancer

Tropic of Capricorn

Equator Equator Equator

Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn

Ouargla

Reggane

Comodoro Rivadavia

Neuquen

Barreiras

Cachimbo

Cuiaba

Porto Velho

Amos

Baker Lake

Churchill

Flin Flon

Fort McMurray

Grande Prairie

Inukjuak

Kamloops

Labrador City

Port Radium

Prince AlbertPrince GeorgePrince Rupert

Rankin Inlet

Saskatoon

Thompson

Timmins

Valdivia

Golmud

Hami

Hotan

Karamay

Kashi

Korla

Qiemo

Yumen

Aswan

Vaasa

Bakhtaran

Aktyubinsk

Aralsk

Atbassar

Balqash

Rudnyy

Sabhah

Tolanaro

Araouane

Altay

Dalandzadagad

Hovd

Bilma

AltaAntipayuta

Archangelsk

Batagay

Bodaybo

Bratsk

Igarka

Khabarovsk

Kirov

Magadan

Mirnyj

Murmansk

Nizhnevartovsk

Norilsk

Novgorod

Orol

Petropavlovsk-Kamcha

Sangar

Syktyvkar

Ulan Ude

Vorkuta

Voronez

Jakutsk

Juzno Sachalinsk

Makkah (Mecca)

Port Elizabeth

Waw

Kiruna

Lulea

Ostersund

Skelleftea

Albuquerque

Barrow

Butte

Fairbanks

Fort Yukon

Las Vegas

Nome

Provo

Scottsbluff

Unalaska

Kananga

Vologda

Luederitz

Khatanga

Ust-Olenek

Volochanka

Cordova

Belaja Gora

Djanet

Bear Lake

Juneau

Brandon

Dawson Creek

Fort Chipewyan

Moosonee

Red Deer

Swift Current

Antofagasta

Concepcion

Al Jawf

Talara

Trujillo

Dudinka

Anchorage

Duluth

Grand Forks

Reno

Tucson

Twin Falls

Williston

Alice Springs

Bourke

Cairns

CookKalgoorlie

Mackay

Tennant CreekBroome

Carnarvon

Geraldton

LearmonthPort Hedland

Huambo

Rosario

Adelaide

Melbourne

Sydney

Brisbane

Belem

Belo Horizonte

Campinas

Curitiba

Fortaleza

Goiania

Manaus

Porto Alegre

Recife

Rio De Janeiro

Salvador

Sao Paulo

Calgary

Montreal

Vancouver

BaotouBenxi

Chengdu

Dalian

Dukou FuzhouGuiyang

Harbin

Huangshi

Jilin

Jixi

KaifengLanzhou

Mianyang

Nanning

Ningbo

Qingdao

Qiqihar

Shanghai

Shantou

Urumqi

Wenzhou

Xiamen

Xian

Xining

Yinchuan

Torshavn

Nantes

Toulouse

Agra

Ahmadabad

Allahabad

Jaipur

Nagpur

Pune

Surat Ulhasnagar

Esfahan

Shiraz

Basra

Cork

Sendai

Qaraghandy

Krakow

Constanta

Chelyabinsk

Gorkiy

Irkutsk

IzevskKazan

Krasnodar

Krasnojarsk

Kuybyshev

St. Petersburg

NovosibirskOmsk

Perm

Saratov

Sverdlovsk

Ufa

Volgograd

Jaroslavl

Umtata

Barcelona

Sevilla

Valladolid

Taipei

AdanaIzmir

Frunze

Lviv

Sunderland

Buffalo

Charlotte

Dallas

Detroit

Jacksonville

Atlanta

Kansas City

New Orleans

New York

Boston

Norfolk

Oakland

Omaha

SeattleSpokane

Ho Chi Minh City

Likasi

Perth

Sao Goncalo

Changchun

Fuxin

Hefei

Taiyuan

YueyangZigong

Bayonne

(Bombay) Mumbai

(Calcutta)Kolkata

Cochin

Naples

Sapporo

Casablanca

Walvis Bay

Multan

Davao

Gdansk

Porto

Rostov

Tol Yatti

Baltimore

Birmingham

Denver

Chicago

Houston

Los Angeles

Memphis

MilWawkee

Minneapolis

Philadelphia

Portland

San Diego

San FranciscoSt. Louis

Tampa

Hong Kong

Alma Ata

Chennai (Madras)

Kabul

Luanda

Canberra

Ponta Delgada

Dhaka

Minsk

Porto Novo

La PazSucre

Yaounde

NÕDjamena

Santiago

Bogota

Havana

Copenhagen

Quito

Addis Abbaba

Asmara

Kampala

Port Stanley

Helsinki

Paris

Libreville

GibraltarAthens

Singapore

Reykjavik

New Delhi

Jakarta

Tehran

Baghdad

Rome

Phnom Penh

Nairobi

Vientiane

Riga

Tripoli

Kaunas

Antananarivo

Kuala Lumpur

Bamako

Nouakchott

Mexico City

Ulaanbaatar

Rangoon

Windhoek

Niamey

Abuja

Pyongyang

Oslo

Muscat

Islamabad

Manila

Warsaw

Bucharest

Moscow

Riyadh

Mogadishu

Cape Town

Seoul

Madrid

Colombo

Stockholm

Dar es Salaam

Bangkok

Tunis

Ankara

Ashgabat

Kiev

Washington D. C.

Montevideo

Tashkent

CaracasGeorgetown

Paramaribo

Sanaa

Kinshasa

LusakaHarare

Algiers

Buenos Aires

Gaborone

Ottawa

Bangui

Beijing

Brazzaville

Nicosia

Cairo

Malabo

Tallinn

Berlin

Accra

Nuuk

Conakry

Dublin

Abidjan

Tokyo

Bishkek

Monrovia

Rabat

MaputoMbabane

Port Moresby

Asuncion

Lima

Lisbon

Sao Tome

Dakar

Freetown

Bloemfontein

Pretoria

Khartoum

Lome

London

Hanoi

Astana

Dili

RUSSIA

FINLAND

ITALY

SPAIN

SWEDEN

NORWAY

GERMANY

FRANCE

PORTUGAL

ROMANIA

TURKEY

DENMARK

POLAND BELARUS

UKRAINECZECHSLOVAKIA

GREECE

CYPRUS

NETH.

BELGIUM

IRELAND

MOLDOVA

LITHUANIALATVIA

ESTONIA

LUX.

GREENLAND

ICELAND

U. S. A.

CANADA

MEXICO THE BAHAMAS

CUBA

PANAMA

EL SALVADORGUATEMALA

BELIZEHONDURAS

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA

JAMAICAHAITI

DOM. REP.

ARGENTINA

BOLIVIA

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

PERU

BRAZIL

CHILE

ECUADOR KENYA

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA

SUDAN

EGYPT

NIGER

MAURITANIAMALI

NIGERIASOMALIA

NAMIBIA

LIBYA

CHAD

SOUTH AFRICA

TANZANIA

DEM. REP. OF CONGO

ANGOLA

ANGOLA

ALGERIA

MADAGASCARBOTSWANA

ZAMBIA

GABON

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

TUNISIA

MOROCCO

UGANDA

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

MALAWI

BURUNDIRWANDA

TOGO

BENINGHANA

IVORY COAST

GUINEA

CAMEROON

SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

ZIMBABWE

CONGOEQUATORIAL GUINEA

WESTERN SAHARA

(occupied by Morocco)

DJIBOUTI

Canary Islands JORDAN

ISRAELLEBANON

ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN

GEORGIAKYRGYZSTAN

TAJIKISTAN

KUWAIT

QATAR

U. A. E.

YEMEN

SYRIA

IRAQ IRAN

OMAN

SAUDI ARABIA

AFGHANISTAN

PAKISTAN

INDIA

CHINA

KAZAKHSTAN

TURKMENISTAN

UZBEKISTAN

MYANMAR

THAILAND

CAMBODIA

NEPALBHUTAN

VIETNAM

SRI LANKA

LAOSBANGLADESH

MALAYSIA

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

BRUNEI

PHILIPPINES

TAIWAN

INDONESIA

JAPAN

MONGOLIA

SOUTH KOREA

NORTH KOREA

AUSTRALIA

NEW ZEALA

U. K.

NEW CALED

COMOROSEAST TIMOR

ATLANTICPACIFIC PACIFIC

INDIAN

ARCTIC OCEAN

OCEANOCEAN

OCEA

OCEAN

RCTIC

OCEAN

1000 KmScale at Equato

Red=ISSP, Black=Former ISSP

Table 3-1. ISSP Modules

ISSP Role of Socia l Socia l Family/ Role of Socia l Environ- Family/Members Countr ies Govt . Suppor t Equa lity Gender Work Govt . I I Relig ion Equa l. I I ment Gender I IRSSS Australia D86 D87 D88 D90 -- D90 D93 D93 D93 D94IS Austria D86 D86 D88 D88 D89 -- D93 D93 D95 D95BUP Bangladesh -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --IUPERJ Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ASA Bulgaria -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D93 D94 D95SC Canada -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D92 D93 D94CES Chile -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --CAR Cyprus -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ISCAS Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D92 D93 D94DEPPA Denmark -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --FSD Finland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --CDA Flanders - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --France-ISSP France -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ZUMA Germany D85 D86 D87 D88 D89 D90 D91 D92 D93 D94NCSR Grt Britain D85 D86 D87 D88 D89 D90 D91 D92 D93 D94Tarkai Hungary -- D86 D87 D88 D93 D94 D89 D90 D91 D92SSRC Ireland -- D89 D89 D89 D89 D91 D91 -- D93 D94TAU Israel -- -- -- -- D89 D91 D91 -- D93 D94Eurisko/CENItaly D85 D87 D87 D88 D89 D91 D91 D92 D93 D94BCRI Japan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D93 D94LAS/LSRC Latvia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --CEO Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --SCP The Netherlands -- -- D87 D89 D89 -- D91 -- D93 D94MU New Zealand -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94NSD Norway -- -- -- -- D89 D90 D91 D92 D93 D94SWS The Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94

Table 3-2. ISSP Modules

ISSP Role of Socia l Socia l Family/ Role of Socia l Environ- Family/Members Countr ies Govt . Suppor t Equa lity Gender Work Govt . I I Relig ion Equa l. I I ment Gender I ISWS The Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94ISS Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94ICS Portugal -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --VCIOM Russia -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94IS -SAS Slovakia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --POMCRC Slovenia -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D93HSRC South Africa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --CIS/ASEP Spain -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D93 D94 D94UU Sweden -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 -- D94SIDOS Switzerland -- -- D87 -- -- -- -- -- D93 --AS Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --NORC United States D85 D86 D87 D88 D89 D90 D91 D92 D93 D94LACSO Venezuela -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Others:IFS Poland -- -- D87 -- -- -- -- -- -- --BS Lithuania -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D94D=Done P=Planned

Table 3-3. ISSP Modules

ISSP National Role of Work Rel ig ion Socia l Envi ron- Socia l Fami ly National Members Countries Identi ty Govt. III II II Equal . III ment II Support Gender II ID II Ci tizansh ipRSSS Australia D96 D98 -- D98 D00 -- D01 D02 D03 P04IS Austria D95 -- -- D99 D00 D01 D01 D03 P03 P04BUP Bangladesh -- -- D97 -- -- -- -- -- -- P04IUPERJ Brazil -- -- -- -- -- P00 D01 D03 -- P04ASA Bulgaria D95 D97 D97 D99 D99 D00 D01 D01 D03 P04SC Canada D95 D96 D99 D99 D00 D00 D02 -- D03 P04CEP Chile -- -- -- D98 D00 D00 D01 D02 P04 P04CAR Cyprus -- D96 D97 D98 D99 -- D01 D02 P03 P04ISCAS Czech Repub D95 D96 D97 D99 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04DEPPA Denmark -- -- D97 D98 -- D01 -- D03 D03 P04FSD Finland -- -- -- -- -- D01 D01 D02 D03 P04CDA Flanders -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D02 -- P04FRANCE-ISFrance -- D97 D98 D98 D99 -- -- D02 D03 P04ZUMA Germany D95 D96 D97 D98 D00 D00 D02 D02 P04 P04NCSR Grt Britain D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04Tarkai Hungary D95 D96 D97 D98 D98 -- D01 D02 D03 P04SSRC Ireland D95 D96 -- D98 -- D02 -- D02 D03 P04TAU Israel -- D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04Eurisko/CENItaly D95 D96 D97 D99 -- -- D02 -- -- P04

Table 3-4. ISSP Modules

ISSP National Role of Work Rel ig ion Socia l Envi ron- Socia l Fami ly National Members Countries Identi ty Govt. III II II Equal . III ment II Support Gender II ID II Ci tizanshipBCRI Japan D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04SRC Korea -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- P03 P04LAS/LSRC Latvia D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D03 D03 P04CEO Mexico -- -- -- -- -- D01 -- D03 P03 P04SCP The Netherla D96 -- D98 D98 -- D00 -- D03 -- P04MU New Zealand D96 D97 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04NSD Norway D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04SWS The Philippi D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04ISS Poland D95 D97 D97 D99 D99 -- D01 D02 -- P04ICS Portugal -- -- D97 D99 D99 D00 -- D03 P03 P04VCIOM Russia D96 D97 D98 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04IS -SAS Slovakia D96 -- -- D98 D01 -- -- D02 D03 P04POMCRC Slovenia D95 D95 D97 D98 D98 D00 D01 D03 P03 P04HSRC South Africa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D03 P04CIS/ASEP Spain D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D03 D03 P04UU Sweden D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D01 -- D02 D03 P04SIDOS Switzerland -- D98 D98 D99 D99 D02 D01 D03 D03 P04AS Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D02 D03 P04NORC United States D96 D96 D98 D98 D00 D00 D02 D02 D04 P04DE/SI Uruguay -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D03 P04

Domain‐Specific National PrideHow proud are you of COUNTRY in each of the following? Very Proud/Somewhat Proud/Not Very Proud/Not at All Proud

1. The way democracy works 2. Its political influence in the world3. COUNTRY’S economic achievement4. Its social security system5. Its scientific and technological achievements6. Its achievements in sports7. Its achievement in the arts and literature8. COUNTRY’S armed forces9. Its history10. Its fair and equal treatment of all groups in society

Questions Wordings

Rank Country Average

1 United States 3.6

2 Venezuela 3.9

3 Ireland 6.9

4 South Africa 7.8

5 Australia 7.9

6 Canada 9.6

7 The Philippines 9.7

8 Austria 10.4

9 New Zealand 11.0

10 Chile 12.1

11 Great Britain 13.7

12 Israel 14.5

13 Uruguay 14.6

14 Finland 16.0

15 Spain 16.7

16 Denmark 17.3

17 Switzerland 17.8

Rank Country Average

18 Japan 18.3

19 France 19.0

20 Portugal 19.6

21 Hungary 21.8

22 Bulgaria 21.9

23 Norway 22.0

24 Russia 22.2

25 Sweden 22.7

26 Slovenia 23.6

27 Germany (West) 23.6

28 Czech Republic 23.7

29 Taiwan 25.7

30 Latvia 26.6

31 Korea 27.0

32 Slovakia 27.1

33 Poland 28.1

34 Germany (East) 28.4

Overall Rank of Countries on Domain‐Specific National Pride

Rank Demo Poli Eco Soc Sci Sports Arts Mil. Hist. Group1 USA USA USA FR USA VEN VEN USA VEN VEN2 AUSL VEN IRE AUS ISR NZ IRE ISR USA CAN3 SA SA CHL DEN AUSL AUSL HUN GB BUL USA4 DEN CHL VEN FIN NZ IRE CHL AUSL PORT SA5 VEN IRE SA CAN JP AUS USA VEN ISR URG6 SWI NZ AUS SWI VEN BUL JP NZ IRE AUSL7 URG ISR AUSL SA CAN HUN NZ IRE URG PH8 PH PH NOR SPN FIN SA URG CHL GB IRE9 CAN CAN PH IRE HUN USA PH SA PH AUS

10 AUS SPN CAN PH AUS PH PORT FIN CHL BUL11 GB GB FIN NOR SWI LAT AUS CAN CAN SWI12 IRE AUSL SPN USA GB CZ AUSL PH SA GB13 ISR FR GB VEN SA PORT BUL SPN FR NZ14 SPN AUS NZ SWE IRE SLVK SA RUS CZ SPN15 FIN DEN SWI AUSL PH JP CZ PORT AUSL CHL16 SWE URG DEN WG FR SWE CAN FR RUS FIN17 NOR WG TW NZ SWE SLVE RUS URG FIN DEN18 CHL RUS JP GB CHL CAN SLVK POL AUS TW19 NZ NOR WG ISR RUS KOR FR AUS SLVK SLVE20 WG PORT ISR CHL WG URG LAT SLVK HUN PORT21 JP FIN KOR URG DEN CHL GB SWI DEN ISR22 TW SWI SLVE TW URG NOR SPN JP NZ SWE23 LAT JP URG JP SPN DEN ISR SLVE POL JP24 FR SWE EG SLVE EG RUS SLVE DEN KOR NOR25 PORT SLVE LAT CZ TW SPN WG BUL SLVE FR26 SLVE TW SWE EG KOR EG EG CZ SPN POL27 KOR EG HUN RUS CZ SWI FIN KOR JP WG28 CZ POL PORT PORT BUL GB SWE LAT NOR HUN29 RUS LAT RUS KOR NOR WG DEN TW SWI RUS30 POL CZ CZ HUN POL POL SWI WG TW CZ31 HUN HUN FR POL SLVE FIN NOR NOR SWE EG32 EG KOR SLVK LAT LAT FR POL HUN LAT KOR33 BUL SLVK POL BUL PORT ISR KOR SWE WG SLVK34 SLVK BUL BUL SLVK SLVK TW TW EG EG LAT

National Pride Rankings Across Ten Domains

Rank Demo Poli Eco Soc Sci Sports Arts Mil. Hist. Group1 USA USA USA FR USA VEN VEN USA VEN VEN2 AUSL VEN IRE AUS ISR NZ IRE ISR USA CAN3 SA SA CHL DEN AUSL AUSL HUN GB BUL USA 4 DEN CHL VEN FIN NZ IRE CHL AUSL PORT SA5 VEN IRE SA CAN JP AUS USA VEN ISR URG6 SWI NZ AUS SWI VEN BUL JP NZ IRE AUSL7 URG ISR AUSL SA CAN HUN NZ IRE URG PH8 PH PH NOR SPN FIN SA URG CHL GB IRE9 CAN CAN PH IRE HUN USA PH SA PH AUS

10 AUS SPN CAN PH AUS PH PORT FIN CHL BUL11 GB GB FIN NOR SWI LAT AUS CAN CAN SWI12 IRE AUSL SPN USA GB CZ AUSL PH SA GB13 ISR FR GB VEN SA PORT BUL SPN FR NZ14 SPN AUS NZ SWE IRE SLVK SA RUS CZ SPN15 FIN DEN SWI AUSL PH JP CZ PORT AUSL CHL16 SWE URG DEN WG FR SWE CAN FR RUS FIN17 NOR WG TW NZ SWE SLVE RUS URG FIN DEN18 CHL RUS JP GB CHL CAN SLVK POL AUS TW19 NZ NOR WG ISR RUS KOR FR AUS SLVK SLVE20 WG PORT ISR CHL WG URG LAT SLVK HUN PORT21 JP FIN KOR URG DEN CHL GB SWI DEN ISR22 TW SWI SLVE TW URG NOR SPN JP NZ SWE23 LAT JP URG JP SPN DEN ISR SLVE POL JP24 FR SWE EG SLVE EG RUS SLVE DEN KOR NOR25 PORT SLVE LAT CZ TW SPN WG BUL SLVE FR26 SLVE TW SWE EG KOR EG EG CZ SPN POL27 KOR EG HUN RUS CZ SWI FIN KOR JP WG28 CZ POL PORT PORT BUL GB SWE LAT NOR HUN29 RUS LAT RUS KOR NOR WG DEN TW SWI RUS30 POL CZ CZ HUN POL POL SWI WG TW CZ31 HUN HUN FR POL SLVE FIN NOR NOR SWE EG32 EG KOR SLVK LAT LAT FR POL HUN LAT KOR33 BUL SLVK POL BUL PORT ISR KOR SWE WG SLVK34 SLVK BUL BUL SLVK SLVK TW TW EG EG LAT

National Pride Rankings Across Ten Domains

Country Percent %Portugal 4.66Hungary 3.64Ireland 3.42Chile 3.26

Sweden 3.2Bulgaria 2.88Norway 2.87

New Zealand 2.76Italy 2.69

Denmark 2.32Japan 2.32Austria 2.28

Great Britain 2.13Spain 2.12France 2.05

Switzerland 2.04Canada 2.03

United States 1.95Australia 1.7

East Germany 1.03The Netherlands 0.92

Slovenia 0.79West Germany 0.66

Israel 0.64The Philippines 0.35

Slovakia 0.14Poland 0.09Russia -0.18

Czech Republic -1.18Cyprus -1.25Latvia -1.95

Average, Net Change per Annum in Approval of Same-Gender-Sexual Behavior

(% Increase “Not Wrong at All“+ % Decrease in “Always Wrong”)

Source: ISSP

% “Not Wrong At All”

2008, By Country

0 20 40 60 80

The NetherlandsDenmarkNorway

SwitzerlandBelgium (Flanders)

SpainSwedenFinland

German (East)New Zealand

Germany (West)Austria

Great BritainFranceIrelandUruguay

United StatesPortugal

Czech RepublicSlovakiaSloveniaTaiwanCroatiaChile

MexicoCyprusLatviaRussia

South AfricaDominican Republic

UkraineKoreaJapan

The PhilippinesTurkey

% “Not Wrong At All”

Country

Age Differences on Approval of Same-Gender-Sexual Behavior by Country and

Year

Country 1991 1994 1998 2008Australia ‐‐‐‐ ‐17.2 ‐38.8 ‐‐‐‐Austria ‐13.1 ‐13 ‐38.9 ‐42

Belgium (Flanders) ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐38.2Bulgaria ‐‐‐‐ ‐18.2 ‐22.3 ‐‐‐‐Canada ‐‐‐‐ ‐35 ‐41.1 ‐‐‐‐Chile ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐6.7 ‐19.3Croatia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐14.5Cyprus ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐24.5 ‐19.2

Czech Republic ‐‐‐‐ ‐34.2 ‐31.6 ‐27.4Denmark ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐37.1 ‐45.5

Dominican Republic ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐2.1Finland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐52.5France ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐42.6 ‐45.6

Germany, East ‐30.7 ‐28.2 ‐26.4 ‐51.5Germany, West ‐34.9 ‐28.2 ‐32.4 ‐40.7Great Britain ‐26.9 ‐34.7 ‐49.3 ‐41.3Hungary ‐9 ‐7.1 ‐12.4 ‐‐‐‐Ireland ‐20.9 ‐24.2 ‐31.8 ‐38.7Israel ‐21.2 ‐23 ‐17.4 ‐‐‐‐Italy ‐16.8 ‐25.2 ‐14.6 ‐‐‐‐Japan ‐‐‐‐ ‐2.1 ‐6.1 ‐11.9Korea ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐6.3Latvia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐15.9 ‐15.2Mexico ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐15.7

The Netherlands ‐42.5 ‐47.5 ‐37.2 ‐38.8New Zealand ‐27.4 ‐39.1 ‐43.5 ‐40.3

Norway ‐31.7 ‐31.5 ‐31.7 ‐41.1The Philippines ‐1.2 ‐5 ‐2.8 ‐1.2

Poland ‐11.8 ‐19.5 ‐15.1 ‐‐‐‐Portugal ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐19.8 ‐42Russia ‐6.5 ‐15.7 ‐16.2 ‐13.6Slovakia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐19.7 ‐27.5Slovenia ‐1.6 ‐4.5 ‐11.8 ‐20.1

South Africa ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐4.6Spain ‐‐‐‐ ‐54.6 ‐59.2 ‐55.4Sweden ‐‐‐‐ ‐23.7 ‐48.8 ‐39.3

Switzerland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐37.7 ‐29.3Taiwan ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐30.1Turkey ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 0.6Ukraine ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐8.8

United States ‐14.9 ‐22.3 ‐28.1 ‐27Uruguay ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐33

Average ‐19.4 ‐24.1 ‐20 ‐20.1

% Not Wrong at All for those over 70 - those less than

30

Educational Differences on Approval of Same-Gender-Sexual Behavior by Country

and Year

Country 1991 1994 1998 2008Australia ‐‐‐‐ 10.8 18.2 ‐‐‐‐Austria 12.3 5.8 17.3 +

Belgium (Flanders) ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 17.2Bulgaria ‐‐‐‐ 6.8 ‐‐‐‐ 11.7Canada ‐‐‐‐ 17 18.1 ‐‐‐‐Chile ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 5.6 8.5Croatia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 16.3Cyprus ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 9.1 10.7

Czech Republic ‐‐‐‐ 15.3 5.5 9Denmark ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 23.5 28.3

Dominican Republic ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 0.4Finland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 22.4France ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 17.4 21

Germany, East 12.9 20.6 17.2 12.7Germany, West 23.3 16.7 24.5 17.8Great Britain 21.3 19.4 19.1 19.9Hungary 4.3 5.4 3.5 ‐‐‐‐Ireland 9.7 10.7 6.2 21.3Israel 10.9 14.9 1.6 ‐‐‐‐Italy 7.9 14.6 10.5 ‐‐‐‐Japan ‐‐‐‐ 3.3 1.9 1.4Korea ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 1.6Latvia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 1.7 7.9Mexico ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 9

The Netherlands 20.2 24.4 14.1 21.7New Zealand 11.1 9.5 15.4 13.5

Norway 19.9 12.1 15.6 19The Philippines 1.1 0.4 0.1 ‐1.5

Poland 6.8 11.8 13.6 ‐‐‐‐Portugal ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 18.6 21.3Russia 0.1 5.8 6.9 4.3Slovakia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 8.9 9.4Slovenia 1.9 5.5 6.4 18.2

South Africa ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 5Spain ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 21.2 20.6

Sweden ‐‐‐‐ 13.1 23.5 14.3Switzerland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 10.3 15Taiwan ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 18.7Turkey ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 5Ukraine ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 4

United States 9.6 11.1 16.3 20.5Uruguay ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 24.5

Average 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.8

% Not Wrong at All More than 12 Years – 12 Years of

Schooling or Less

Religious Services Attendance Differences on Approval of Same-Gender-Sexual Behavior by Country

and Year

Country 1991 1994 1998 2008Australia ‐‐‐‐ 26 29.3 ‐‐‐‐Austria ‐‐‐‐ 21.7 31.9 28.7

Belgium (Flanders) ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 32.1Bulgaria ‐‐‐‐ 0.7 ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐Canada ‐‐‐‐ 36.3 43.1 ‐‐‐‐Chile ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 1.3 15.4Croatia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 28.9Cyprus ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 29.2 18.3

Czech Republic ‐‐‐‐ 18.7 21.8 19.3Denmark ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 35 51.6

Dominican Republic ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 2.3Finland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 60.3France ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 35.2 40.8

Germany, East 19.5 15.6 2.9 17.2Germany, West 33.3 30 22.3 28Great Britain 13.3 18 26.8 29.2Hungary 4.8 2.6 10.3 ‐‐‐‐Ireland 23.3 44 35.4 32.5Israel ‐‐‐‐ 26.7 ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐Italy 18.3 31.8 28.4 ‐‐‐‐Japan ‐‐‐‐ ‐2.4 5.2 7.6Korea ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 6.5Latvia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 6.6 8.9Mexico ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 22.9

The Netherlands 46.2 49.6 52.5 60.1New Zealand 26.3 33.6 38.9 49.3

Norway 39 40.9 48.8 53The Philippines 0.4 1.7 ‐1.5 0.5

Poland 15.8 21.2 28.7 ‐‐‐‐Portugal ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 12.9 39.9Russia 1.4 4.8 7.6 6.8Slovakia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 15.1 20.2Slovenia ‐‐‐‐ 9.3 17.5 22.8

South Africa ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 3.4Spain ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 35.8 34.7

Sweden ‐‐‐‐ 26.9 43.6 37.1Switzerland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 51.4 35.1Taiwan ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 6.1Turkey ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 2.1Ukraine ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 6.7

United States 22.8 20.8 23.3 36.6Uruguay ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 21.1

Average 20.3 21.8 25.2 25.6

% Not Wrong at All Never Attend – Attend Weekly or More

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