Tom Hamilton – America’s Channel Database CSE

Oracle Architecture

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Common Oracle Versions

Oracle 8i (no SMO support)Oracle 9i (no SMO support 3.3 or later)Oracle 10gOracle 11gComing attractions

– Oracle 12c – not released by Oracle yet

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Oracle Components

Database filesAutomatic Storage Management (ASM)Real Application Cluster (RAC)ProtocolsDisaster Recovery

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Oracle Database Files

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Storage System

Oracle Database Files

Binaries Configuration filesDatafiles Temporary database files Redo log files Archive redo log files Cluster-related files

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What’s a Block?

The basic unit Oracle uses to manage data.Typically 8k in size.Some data warehouses or any other

database with a lot of long sequential reads will have 16k or 32k.

You can have a database with mixed block sizes, but it is very rare

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Block Structure. It has a header that

contains a database address, SCN number, checksum, etc.

It has a tail with more metadata about the block.

Not a good candidate for deduplication.

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Block Structure: Deduplication

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The header should be globally unique in the whole database, meaning that first 4k WAFL block will have

no duplicates. The tail is not 100%

unique, but it’s highly variant, meaning that final 4k WAFL block will have very few

duplicates.

NetApp Deduplication and Data Compression Sample Use Cases and Space Savings

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Legend

Compression & Deduplication

Deduplication Only

Compression Only

Neither

Oracle Database Backup and Recovery

Backup and recovery– Archivelog mode

Control files Redo logs Archive logs SCN Benefits Consequences

– Non-Archivelog mode Control files Redo logs Benefits Consequences

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Oracle Database Backup and Recovery

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Automatic Storage Manager

What is it? Features

Mirroring and Striping Dynamic Storage Configuration Interoperability with non-ASM databases RAC and single instance

Components Disk Groups Disks Failure groups Files Templates

NetApp interoperability

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NetApp Adds Value to Oracle ASM

Oracle ASM NetApp Oracle ASM + NetApp

Data Resilience

Protect against Single Disk Failure Yes Yes Yes

Protect against Double Disk failure No Yes Yes

Passive Block corruption detection Yes Yes Yes

Active Block corruption detection Yes Yes Yes

Lost disk write detection No Yes Yes

Performance

Stripe data across ASM Disks Yes No Yes

Balance I/O across ASM Disks Yes No Yes

Stripe data across Physical Disks No Yes Yes

Balance I/O across Physical Disks No Yes Yes

I/O prioritization No Yes Yes

Storage Utilization

Free space management across physical disks

No Yes Yes

Thin provisioning of ASM Disks No Yes Yes

Space efficient Cloning No Yes Yes

Data Protection

Storage Snapshot based Backups No Yes Yes

Storage Snapshot based Restores No Yes Yes

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ASM versus FC: IO Layers

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Real Application Cluster

Shared databaseCluster-aware storage

– ASM– Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS)– NFS– Raw devices

Distance between RAC nodes

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Oracle RAC

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Introducing Oracle dNFS

Collaborative solution from NetApp & OracleNFSv3 client within Oracle RDBMS serverNFS files accessed directly from OracleEliminates extra O/S NFS client code pathOptimized NFS code path for database I/O

patterns via direct I/O and asynchronous I/O support

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What is Direct NFS client?

Introducing Oracle dNFS

Eliminates the need for NFS mount optionsStandard NFS client implementation across all

platforms supported by the Oracle Database, even Windows.

No infrastructure changes are required to change from kNFS to dNFS.

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What is Direct NFS client?

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dNFS Optimizes Oracle I/O Traffic

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TCP / IP layer

Driver + NIC HW

FS layer

NFS client

TCP / IP layer

Driver + NIC HW

Traditional NFS I/O Direct NFS I/O

dNFS

1122

33 OS

Dat

ab

ase

Extra layers1

2

3

Not optimizedfor Oracle

Extra networktraffic Storage

Oracle dNFS Innovation

Scales across 4 separate network paths between DB host & NFS server

Load balances across available pathsScales linearly with number of pathsHigh Availability across pathsTested with NetApp VIF technologyNo configuring O/S LACP bonding

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dNFS is scalable, reliable, & easy to use!

Improved Scalability with dNFSPerforms on par with blocks protocolsHigher concurrent access to NFS server

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Protocols

FCP/FCoEiSCSINative NFSDirect NFS (DNFS)DO NOT USE CIFS

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Performance Considerations

FCP/FCoEiSCSINative NFSDirect NFS (DNFS)Which one do you choose?

– The customer is always right– Current infrastructure– Expertise level– Requirements– DO NOT GET IN A PROTOCOL WAR!

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Performance Considerations – TR3932

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Performance Considerations – TR3932

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Oracle Disaster Recovery Methods: Data Guard

Data availability, data protection and disaster recovery solutionWhat:•Replicates Oracle databases from one data center to another•Ability to perform backups from the standby database instead of the production database•Both physical and logical versions

Image from Oracle Corp