Toll Technology - 101

2008 ITS Washington Annual MeetingBart Cima, IBI Group - SeattleNovember 12, 2008

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Technology and Policy - Inextricably Connected

TOLL POLICYOPTIONS

TOLLTECHNOLOGY

CHOICES

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Key Elements of Tolling

1.Set the Toll

2.Collect the Toll

3.Enforcement

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Examples of Technology Choices

1. Cash

2. Electronic Toll Collection

3. Open Road Tolling

4. High Occupancy Tolling (HOT) Lanes

5. Ubiquitous Tolling

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Cash Toll Collection

1. Set the Toll• Fixed• Axle Based

2. Collect the Toll• Single Lane• Stop to Pay• Toll Collector• Automatic Coin Machine

3. Enforcement• Gates and Lights

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Electronic Toll Collection

1. Set the Toll• Fixed, Time of Day• Axle Based

2. Collect the Toll• Single Lane• Slow to Pay• Automatic Vehicle Identification

• Radio Frequency Identification

3. Enforcement• Gates• Cameras

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Open Road Tolling

1. Set the Toll

– Variable

– Axle Based or Shape Based

2. Collect the Toll

– Multiple Lanes

– Highway Speeds

– Automatic Vehicle Identification OR

– Automatic License Plate Recognition

3. Enforcement

– Cameras

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Automatic Vehicle Identification

TransponderMounted in

Vehicle

Reader Uses Radio Waves To Capture

ID #

ID# Used To Charge Account

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Automatic License Plate Recognition

If NO Transponder,

Cameras Capture Image of Plate

License Plate Linked to Registered Account or User Initiated Payment

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Vehicle Classification – Setting the Toll

Roadway Sensor

Determines # of Axles

Toll Rate Based on Axles

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High Occupancy Tolling (HOT) Lanes

1. Set the Toll– Dynamic – Based on Traffic– Vehicle Occupancy

• SOV’s Pay

2. Collect the Toll

i. Only Transponders for SOV ‘s

ii. Only Transponders for SOV ‘s with SOV/HOV Declaration Lanes

iii. Transponders for All with SOV/HOV Declaration Lanes

iv. SOV/HOV Declaration Transponder

v. HOV License Plate Registration

3. Enforcement– Visual– Self Declaration

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“Ubiquitous” Tolling

1. Set the Toll– Charge for Use of “All” Roads

(or all roads of particular type)– Toll Based On

• Distance• Congestion• Time of Day• Vehicle Type• Emissions

2. Collect the Toll– Multiple Lanes – Highway Speeds– On-Board Unit with GPS

3. Enforcement– Cameras– Mobile Units

Source: Toll Collect GmbH

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Conclusions

• Solution Should Address the Problem

• Policy Should be Mindful of Technology

• Moved from Cash to Cashless

• Moved from Stop to Non-Stop

• Tools In Place for Using Pricing to Manage Congestion

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Contact Information

Bart Cima, PE

IBI Group

206-521-9091

bcima@ibigroup.com