Jack OpiolaWorld Bank

Washington D.C.3 April 2006

Presentation

Toll Collection Systems

Technology Trend Impact on PPP’s & Highways’ Transport

1PPP Primer V2.1US Feb 06

Contents

To describe Toll Collection Systems;

To outline the key components of each system;

To outline what facilities are required to support eachsystem;

To outline the key issues in light of any “CulturalIssues”.

2

Toll System Design

3

Toll System Design Criteria

Traffic Flow

Plaza Design System & Lane Design

OperationsMaintenance

REVENUE

4

Technology Design Considerations

5

Toll CollectionSub-System

(TCS)

Back Office Sub-System

(BOS)

Motorist/Vehicle Sub-System

(MVS)

Toll Collection Systems

6

Toll Collection Process

Motorist Sub-System

Toll Collection Sub-System

Back Office Sub-System

7

Toll Collection Process Segments

ABC123

Video Tolling &Enforcement System

Data Storage System

Vehicle DetectionAnd Classification

SystemTraffic Control Components

Toll Collection Components

Toll Collection Sub-System

PersonalInterface System

Motorist Sub-System

Traffic Information System

Call Service Centre

Billing &Accounting

System

Back Office Sub-System

Computer System

Financial System Interface

Image Processing Centre

Asset ManagementSystem

8

AVAILABLE SOLUTIONS

Traditional Toll Collection - Cash

Hybrid Toll Collection - Both

Free-Flow Toll Collection - Cashless

9

Manual Toll Collection

10

Toll Plaza / Booths In-Lane Toll Equipment Toll Collectors & Staff Cash Handling System Back Office System

Manual Toll Collection

Comprises:

11

Toll Collection Processing

Cash

Credit orSmart Card

Voucher

CoinMachine ETC

VideoCapture

Check

PostPayment

RecordExceptionsNon-paymentsAnd violators

12

Manual Technology Choices

Manual Toll Terminal

Keyboard

Touch Screen

13

Receipt Printer Technology Choices

Printed Form

Dot matrix printer

Thermal printer

14

Vehicle Detection Technology

LoopsVideo

Ultrasonic

IR/Laser/LED

15

ACM Technology Choices

Automatic Coin Machine

Dual Height ACM

Coin Vault (2 or 4)

16

Voucher Technology Choices

Paper Voucher

Voucher Book

17

Smartcard Technology Choices

Smart CardsContact CardsContactless CardsCombi-Cards

Transponders with Smart Cards

Smart Card

18

Toll Collection Processing

19

Toll Technology Options

Manual Automatic Coin Machine w/ Barrier (five

coins)

Automatic Coin Machine w/o Barrier (onecoin/token)

Vouchers/Script ANPR Smart Card w/Barrier

Electronic Toll Collection - Dedicated Lanew/Barrier

Electronic Toll Collection - Free Flow Lane

250 - 350 VPH 450 - 550 VPH

500 - 700 VPH

500 - 900 VPH 600 - 1000 VPH 700 - 900 VPH

900 - 1100 VPH

1800 - 2400 VPH

Toll Options Toll Volumes Accuracy

98.00% 98.50%

95.00%

98.50% 85.00% 99.50%

99.96%

99.25%

20

Free-Flow Toll Collection

21

System Components:In-Vehicle Unit or TransponderRoadside EquipmentVideo CaptureCasual User ProductsCall CentreBack Office System

Free-Flow Toll Collection Components

22

Free-Flow Toll Collection

23

RecordNon-transponderand potential violators

Records ETCTransponderpayments

MLFF Collection Process

VideoCapture

ABC123

ETC

24

Free-Flow Processing

25

ETC Transponders - DSRC

“Dedicated Short-Range Communications”

26

Technology Option - Transponders

Gantry/StructureEnforcement

CameraAntenna

Vehicle Detection andClassification Sensors

Vehicle classification andenforcement

Toll charge confirmed &transaction forwarded to

central computer

Transponder

Deduction of tollrequested

CHARGEDUE $1.50ID-PAID$ 1.50

27

Roadside Equipment

Vehicle Detection and Classification

ETC RX/TXVideo

CaptureGantry

28

Perceived EFC Benefits Customers

– Convenience– Time savings– Security– Flexibility

Operators– Customer satisfaction– Customer information– Lower O&M costs– Greater programme options

Transport Authorities– Better perception of Transport– Framework for inter-operability

29

Evolution of EFC TechnologyEvolution of EFC Technology

19861986 2006+2006+SimpleSimple Complex, more intelligentComplex, more intelligent

SingleDedicatedToll Lanes

SingleFreeflow

TollLanes

Multi-Lane,

DedicatedToll

Plazas

Multi-Lane,

FreeflowToll

Plazas

Area wideIntegratedMulti-Lane,

FreeflowRoad

Charging

Type 1Type 1RORO

Type 2Type 2R-WR-W

Type 3Type 3RW-DRW-D

Type 4Type 4RWD-SCRWD-SC

Type 5Type 5VPSVPS

30

What is VII?Creating an “Enabling Communication Infrastructure” tosupport Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-InfrastructureCommunications.

Enabling technology to support safety, mobility anddemand management applications

Why VII?

Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

31

Interoperability?

32

Casual User Products

33

Call Centre

Retail/Kiosk

SMS

Fax

Post

Web

27%1

37% 1

15% 1

4% 1

1% 1

16% 1

Note 1: London Congestion Charging Payment Results, bv TfL, Derrek Turner, August 15, 2003.

20% 2

34% 2

19% 2

<1% 2

<1% 2

25% 2

Note 2: London Congestion Charging Payment Results, TfL, Six Month Report, October, 2003.

Payment Methods

19% 3

36% 3

19% 3

<1% 3

<1% 3

26% 3

Note 3: London Congestion Charging Payment Results, TfL, One Year Report, February, 2004.

34

Low Transaction Credit Cards

35

Future Payment Methods“Blink” and “WAVE”

Contactless Smart Cards MasterCard International VISA USA American Express J.P. Morgan Chase Citigroup Inc.

Ipsos-Insight Study37 Million + Americans willing to use cards for

$5 or less.6.5 Million Americans willing to use it for

transactions of $1 or less

Small value transactionsM/C International est 400 billion xactEstimated $1.32 trillion by M/CVISA estimated $2 trillionVISA plans on setting a 1.65% fee

36

Hybrid Toll Collection

37

In-Lane Equipment Toll Booths/Plaza plus Segmented Free-Flow Lanes Cash Handling System Toll Collectors and Staff Cash Collection for Casual Users ETC for Automated Sales Casual User Products Back Office System Call Centre Operations

Hybrid Toll Collection ComponentsComprises:

38

Evolutionary Path for existing traditional cash facilities; Flexibility to Grow with ETC Demand; Handles Casual Users with Cash Operations; Installed with minimum disturbances.

Hybrid Pros & Cons

Advantages:

Disadvantages:− Worse of both worlds - cash and cashless systems;− Higher staff overhead and operating costs;− Dampens ETC penetration levels;− Prevents minimising of operating costs.

39

“Have tag willtravel”withoutconscious effort;

Time saving, traveltime confidence;

High standards ofconvenience andsafety.

Travel time savingsTravel time certaintyLower vehicle costs Improved safetyReduced exhaust

emissionsHigh customer

convenienceLow road operations

costs

Migration of Toll System

40

Toll Technology Transactional Costs

ManualAutomatic Coin Machine w/

barrier (five coins)Automatic Coin Machine w/o

barrier (onecoin/token)Vouchers/ScriptANPRSmart CardElectronic Toll Collection -

Dedicated Lane w/barrierElectronic Toll Collection - Free

Flow Lane

250 - 350 VPH 450 - 550 VPH

500 - 700 VPH

500 - 900 VPH 600 - 1000 VPH 700 - 900 VPH

900 - 1100 VPH

1800 - 2400 VPH

Toll Options Toll Volumes Xact Cost

.35 to .45 .28 to .35

.28 - .35

.37 to .48 2.25 .10 to .19

.10 to .19

.07 to .15

41

KEY “Cultural Issues” Toll System must align with technical sophistication of the

region/location;

Legal and Policy framework for charging and enforcement ofevasion of toll payments;

Stand alone PPP or part of a “network” of toll roads;

Rationalised system & data base of licence plate registration,ownership details;

Flexible and clearly communicated methods of payment;

ETC standards required for transaction processing, vehicleclassification, video products & enforcement;

Interoperability is fundamental for wider acceptance by thepublic and simplified billing.

42

Multiple PPP ProgrammesProject - PPP1 Project - PPP2

Project - PPP3 Project - PPP4

Project - PPP5

43

Centralised BOCS - Regional/National

44

Road Pricing Scope and Definition

45

QuestionsandAnswers

46

ThankYou !Jack Opiola

Principal

Booz | Allen | Hamilton