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e S u p e r G U t
CONQUER
Study Smarter, Not Harder
T O E FL (BT
4SIDE★ ★ ★ ★ ★
The Super Guide
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LinguaForum TOEFL' iBT
INSIDER: The Super Guide
C o p y r ig h t © 2 0 0 8 b y L inguaF orum . Inc
No unauthorized photocopying.
Ah r ig h ts re se rve d N o p a rt o* th s boo«, m ay be re p ro d u ce d or tra n s m itte d in any fo rm o r b y any m eans, e le c tro n ic or
m ech a n ica l, in c lu d in g p h o to co p y in g , reco rd ing , o r any o th e r in fo rm a tio n s to ra g e and re trieva l s y s te m w ith o u t th e
w r it te n p e rm is s io n o f th e p u b lishe r
F o r in fo rm a t io n a b o u t l in g u a l o r m n I O i l I, /B T I \ S I I ) I - R : T h e S u p e r G u id e
e m a il u s a t in fo @ lm g u a fo ru m .c o m
T O E F L ' is a re g is te re d t ra d e m a rk o f E d u c a tio n a l T e s t in g S e rv ic e .
T h is b o o k h a s b e e n n e ith e r re v ie w e d n o r e n d o rs e d b y ETS.
ftxintad ui the ¡Republic oft Jichco
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TOEFL® ÍBT
INSIDER★ ★ ★ ★ ★
The Super Guide
>vcd by ETS.Sô hoa bơi Trung tâm Hoc liêu – ĐH TN http://www.lrc-tnu.edu.vn
i> Reading Section
p a R1 / \ i BT Reading Question Types
Ch 1. Basic Comprehension Questions
Ch 2. inferencing Reading & Reading to Learn Questions
E3 Thematic Reading Practice
Ch 1. Earth Sciences
Ch 2. Natural Sciences
Ch 3. Physical Sciences
Ch 4. Social Sciences
Ch 5. Archaeology & Anthropology
Ch 6. Economics
Ch 7. History
Ch 8. Art & Literature
i|L is te n in g Section
Ch 1. Main Idea Questions
Ch 2. Supporting Detail Questions
Ch 3. Content-Linking Questions
Ch 4. Organization / Rhetorical Connection Questions
Ch 5. Organization Questions
Ch 6. Identifying Relationship Questions
Ch 7. Stance / Attitude Questions
Ch 8. Function Questions
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197
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<g) Speaking Section 3°9
p a r t Basic Speaking Skills
Ch 1. Brainstorming and Note Taking 3^7
Ch 2. The Basics of Sentence Structure 329
Ch 3. Varying Word Choice and Grammar Usage 341
Ch 4. Organizing Your Response 349
Ch 5. Adding Elaboration and Support 357
Ch 6. Improving Pronunciation and Flow 365
part g Speaking for /BT TOEFL Tasks
Independent Speaking Tasks (Task 1-2)
Ch 1. Personal Preference Task 378
Ch 2. Paired Choice Task 39°
Integrated Speaking Tasks (Task 3-6)
Ch 3. Fit and Explain Task 4°4
C h4 . General / Specific Task 4*8
Ch 5. Problem / Solution Task 432
Ch 6. Summarization Task 44&
% Writing Section 461
p a r t ^ Basic Writing Skills
Ch 1. The Basics of Sentence Construction 469
Ch 2. Paragraph Structure 489
Ch 3. Essay Structure, Editing, & Revision 5°7
part g Writing for /'BT TOEFL Tasks
Ch 1. Independent Writing Task 527
Ch 2. Integrated Writing Task 56z
/BT Practice Test
Scripts & Answer Key
6 0 1
6 6 1
5
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LinguaForum
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\
About This Book ÌẬ
What is the TOEFL? ỹ
About the /BT 4
Changes in the /BT TOEFL (Internet-Based TOEFL) (¡0
Implications for Test Takers 0
/'BT TOEFL Scoring Ranges
What the /BT TOEFL Looks Like &
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<4 About This Book
/'BT TOEFL Insider: The Super Guide is a complete English skills book designed for students intending to take the /BT TOEFL exam. It is designed to give students a complete understanding of all of the /BT TOEFL sections and what is expected of test takers, as well as to provide students with useful skills and strategies for meeting those expectations. To achieve these goals. /BT TOEFL Insider: The Super Guide contains the following:
/ Four sections that focus specifically on each section of the ¡BT TOEFL
J Detailed explanations of each /'BT TOEFL question type
/ Specific strategies to solve each question type
■/ Guided and unguided practice to learn and then perfect English skills
■/ Supplemental activities designed to develop technical language skills
/ Vocabulary previews and reviews to build academic vocbaularv
•/ Full answer key with detailed explanations of each question
/ A complete /BT TOEFL Practice Test
What is the TOEFL?
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is a vital measure of proficiency in English. The TOEFL covers the essentials of English, including listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The TOEFL focuses on the effective application of English in academic situations. The test is designed to assess how foreign students will perform in an English-only academic setting. The test requires not only the understanding of given material, but also the effective application of that material for specific academic purposes. The TOEFL assumes that test takers have a mastery of the basic principles of English, and such mastery is essential for success on the test. This point cannot be overemphasized. Gaining a proficiency in the fundamentals of English (grammar, vocabulary, reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills) is the first step to success on the TOEFL. The TOEFL, therefore, leads to the right direction in English study because it requires the realistic application of the test taker's English abilities.
4 About the tBT
The /BT TOEFL is the newest version of the TOEFL exam. It was first instituted in the United States in 2005. The /BT TOEFL is largely based on a communicative approach to language learning. It places a great deal of importance on the ability to communicate effectively in English in an academic environment. It is the first version of the TOEFL exam to assess English proficiency in all four language areas (reading, listening, speaking, and writing). It is also the first version of the exam to require that test takers apply these skills in an integrated fashion. Therefore, the /BT TOEFL represents a more authentic, but also more challenging, assessment of English proficiency.
The /BT TOEFL is an Internet-based test. This simply means that the test data will be transmitted to ETS scoring centers via the Internet. Test takers will still have to report to authorized test centers to
take the test.
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(Ạ Changes in the ¿BT TOEFL (Internet-Based TOEFL)
The /'BT TOEFL not only reflects a change in the way the test is administered, but also in the format of the test itself. Some of the major changes on the test are listed below:
■ Elimination of the grammar sectionThe /BT TOEFL contains no explicit testing of grammar. Rather, knowledge of grammar is tested through the test takers' ability to comprehend the reading and listening sections, and also by the range of grammar structures employed in the speaking and writing sections, and the accuracy with which they use those structures.
■ Addition of a mandatory speaking sectionPrevious versions of the TOEFL had no speaking evaluation. However, test takers could take the TSE (Test of Spoken English) as a supplement to provide them with an evaluation of their speaking ability. On the /BT TOEFL, for the first time, all TOEFL test takers will be evaluated on their speaking abilities.
■ Inclusion of integrated tasksThe /'BT TOEFL speaking and writing sections have integrated tasks which require the test taker to first read and listen to material, and then incorporate that material into their response. The objective is to more effectively mimic the type of speaking and writing that students will be required to do in a true academic setting.
■ Lengthening of reading and listening tasksThe reading passages and the lectures that appear on the /'BT TOEFL have been lengthened.The reading passages are now typically around 700 words, and the lectures typically last from 4-6 minutes.
■ Changes in question typesThere have been significant changes in the question types that appear in the reading and listening sections. Questions now ask not only about basic factual and inferred information, but also about the relationships between different ideas and the pragmatic purposes of discourse.
('4 Implications for Test Takers
The changes made in the /BT TOEFL have important implications for test takers. The /BT TOEFL is a far more holistic test than earlier forms of the TOEFL, and test takers will have to be truly proficient in English in order to succeed. In earlier forms of the TOEFL it was possible to “study for the test". Specifically, it was possible for students with high grammar and vocabulary abilities, but with poor communicative abilities, to do relatively well on the TOEFL. This will no longer be a realistic option. Students who possess poor communicative abilities in English will have little chance of success on the /'BT TOEFL. Therefore, mastery of fundamental English skills is an essential part of /BT TOEFL preparation.
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