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BY MONICA DISARESTAFF REPORTER

Following New Haven Public Schools S u p e r i n te n d e n t Re g i n a l d M ayo ’s announcement last week that he will retire at the end of the school year, the city’s Board of Education moved forward Mon-day with plans to replace the long-serving public school administrator.

The Board of Education voted to make itself the search and screen committee for a new superintendent and also appointed board members Michael Nast and Alex Johnston to a committee that will help select a consulting firm to assist in the selection process. While the specific con-sulting firm most likely will not be selected by the next board meeting on March 11, several board members expressed the need for a speedy search process. Both School Board President Carlos Antonio Torre and New Haven Federation of Teachers Presi-dent David Cicarella said they want a per-manent superintendent appointed before Mayo leaves this summer rather than an interim administrator.

“We need to keep the momentum of school change going,” Cicarella said, “And the new superintendent, whoever he may be, needs to keep that momentum going.”

Board members did not disclose specific details about what they are looking for in

BY DIANA LISTAFF REPORTER

Administrators of the New Haven public school system presented their proposed budget for the 2013-’14 fis-cal year to the Board of Education on Monday night.

Will Clark, the chief operating o!-cer of the New Haven Board of Edu-

cation, introduced the $184 million draft budget, which requests a 3.5 percent increase in operating funds. Clark explained that within the bud-get, the NHPS is requesting $3 million from the city to o"set lost grant rev-enue and cover additional transporta-tion and salary costs. This $3 million,

WOMEN’S TENNISBulldogs win two at home, Sullivan ’14 stays undefeated in singlesPAGE 12 SPORTS

FOREIGN POLICYNEGROPONTE CONSIDERS RUSSIA, AFGHANISTANPAGE 5 NEWS

BLIZZARD WOESAfter a collapse of one of its high tunnels, the Yale Farm moves forwardPAGE 3 NEWS

STRESSSALOVEY SAYS IT MAY HELP YOUPAGE 6–7 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Is love in the air? A recent rankings list from College Magazine seems to think so. According to the publication, Yale is the eighth-best school to find a husband, falling behind West Point, the United States Naval Academy, Brigham Young University and — somewhat inconceivably — Harvard.

The next Yale idol? The Yale College Council is seeking a student DJ to perform at Spring Fling 2013 alongside Macklemore and Ryan Lewis. Interested music enthusiasts should submit a five- to 10-minute set by this Friday, and the submissions that receive the most “likes” will have the chance to perform at an outdoor DJ/laser show and Spring Fling.

Rallying for mental health. More than 150 Harvard students rallied for mental health reform last Friday, chanting “Our Harvard can do better” and “Reform mental health” in an e"ort to encourage administrators to take action on mental health issues. The protest — which drew members of Harvard’s student government — came one day after an anonymous op-ed was published in The Harvard Crimson by a student with schizophrenia, who detailed perceived flaws with Harvard’s mental health services.

Covert marketing. For those of you looking for fun things to do on the weekends, checking out the flyers in the Bass Library bathrooms may be a start. Recently, studious Yalies seeking a quick bathroom break have stumbled upon flyers for a Latin Dance Night at GPSCY, the popular graduate student bar. Whether the advertisements were strategically placed to attract bathroom-going Yalies remains unknown, but the method has not gone unnoticed.

Marriage equality. A statement of support for marriage equality being circulated by the Ivy League College Democrats and Republicans chapters has received unanimous support from the eight College Democrats chapters, but only from two of the College Republicans chapters: UPenn and Columbia, according to The Daily Princetonian.

Cookie monsters. For no apparent reason, two Yalies set up camp in Commons Monday armed with only an empty plate and a sign reading “Accepting Free Cookies” — a seemingly spontaneous e"ort that drew curious glances from Yalies and tourists alike.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY1931 The University is granted permission to build the new She!eld Administration Building 15 feet higher than New Haven zoning law typically allows. Construction is slated to begin at the corner of Grove and Prospect streets in the fall.

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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · VOL. CXXXV, NO. 97 · yaledailynews.com

BY JULIA ZORTHIANSTAFF REPORTER

The University completed a suc-cessful fiscal year 2012 in fundrais-ing with a total of $543,905,260 in cash donations — the second-high-est amount ever raised for Yale and the third-highest total for all U.S. colleges and universities this year,

according to the Council for Aid to Education’s annual fundraising sur-vey.

Vice President for Development Joan O’Neill said 78 percent of the cash donations were pledges made during the Yale Tomorrow cam-paign, which took place from Sep-tember 2006 to June 2011. Donors filling their outstanding pledges

after the conclusion of the cam-paign significantly bolstered Yale’s performance during the 2012 fiscal year, which ended on June 30, 2012. O’Neill said donations fell slightly from the fiscal year 2011 total of $580 million, the last year of the fundraising campaign.

BY SOPHIE GOULDSTAFF REPORTER

Ever since tight finances prompted administrators to cut back on academic prizes in 2010, Yale has discouraged the creation of new prizes.

When the onset of the reces-sion in 2008 tore a $350 million hole in Yale’s operating budget, admin-istrators sought many ways to close the gap, including a decision to cap most prizes at $1,000 and channel the excess funds toward the general oper-ating budget primarily for financial aid purposes. Though at the time, the prize cap announcement elicited out-cry from students and faculty members alike, administrators and professors interviewed said the caps have not been lifted since and added that Yale contin-ues to discourage donors from estab-lishing new prizes.

“In a time of financial stringency, [prizes are] not the most e"ective way to use that money,” University Presi-dent Richard Levin told the News. He added that administrators have “dis-couraged” the creation of new prizes because “in general, we have an awful lot of them.”

Associate Vice President for Devel-opment Eugénie Gentry said the Devel-opment Office seeks donor support based on priorities set by the Provost’s O!ce, and Deputy Provost Lloyd Sut-tle said the creation of new prizes is not a priority at this time.

“Yale’s fundraising priorities focus on supporting current programs, espe-cially financial aid, not establishing new ones,” Suttle said. He added that he does not know of any plans to review or revise the cap in the near future.

Levin said that even before the cap, Yale had never solicited prize money, which donors had generally volun-teered to give. He added that Yale’s policy toward prize money changed in 2010 when administrators told the Development Office to “discourage

those gifts and put them in financial aid rather than single out specific stu-dents.”

In the months following the insti-tution of the cap, some departments wrote letters to the Provost’s and Sec-retary’s o!ces, appealing the decision to slim down their prize budgets and arguing for the preservation of particu-lar prizes that were going to be slashed or cut entirely. But Suttle said the prize cap was generally “enforced uniformly.”

Though not significantly impacted by the prize cap, the Economics Department has actively encouraged potential donors to support student research rather than establish new prizes since the cap’s implementation, said Benjamin Polak, who served as the department’s chair before his appoint-ment as provost last month.

Polak said the cap hit older, human-ities-oriented departments harder because they have accumulated the largest prizes. He added that the cap has been contentious because the prizes carry great significance in these departments’ cultures, and the larger prizes used to help students pay for graduate school or jump-start their careers.

“We lost, and the prizes are all capped,” English professor and the department’s Prizes Committee Chair Margaret Homans said in an email last

Years later, prize cap remains in place

SEE FUNDRAISING PAGE 4

SEE PRIZES PAGE4 SEE SCHOOL BUDGET PAGE 6

SEE SUPERINTENDENT PAGE 4

Funds tight in NHPS budget

School board searches for Mayo

replacement

In a time of financial stringency, [prizes are] not the most e!ective way to use that money.

RICHARD LEVINPresident, Yale University

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Chief Operating O!cer of the New Haven Board of Education Will Clark announced the 2013-’14 fiscal year budget for the city’s schools Monday.

SOURCE: COUNCIL FOR AID TO EDUCATION

Yale third in fundraising

OPINION .COMMENTyaledailynews.com/opinion

The committee on grad-ing recently released a pre-liminary report noting the

phenomenon of grade “compres-sion” (read: inflation) at Yale. Last spring, 62 percent of marks were A-minus or higher.

The committee recommended both intra- and inter-departmen-tal information sharing, hoping to encourage self-adjustment. But it went further, suggesting that we institute numerical grading in 1-point increments (59–100) and create suggested University-wide guidelines to limit high grades. The intended outcome? Prince-ton-style grade deflation.

My background is in the humanities and social sciences, so I admittedly have a limited per-spective across departments, as will most of us. But it seems to me that the risks of such a strategy go beyond merely disadvantaging Yalies relative to Ivy League peers in graduate school admissions or job markets — they threaten the character of the College itself.

The committee believes that undergraduates are incentivized to put less e!ort into course work if high grades are easily attainable, and that their model encourages work.

But an abundance of great work already happens, thanks to a myriad of other incentives. Hard workers benefit from the intrinsic feeling of a job well-done (under-classmen might sco!, but older students might recall their pride

in a particu-larly ardu-ous project — a thesis, or research work for a graduate course). The sense of having truly learned something is a better moti-vator than any grade, and closer to the purpose of education —

learning for the sake of learning, not to jump through hoops or pass tests.

Beyond this, superb work is still required for great letters of recom-mendation, departmental prizes, journal publication, portfolios or writing samples for prestigious internships, and respect among Yale peers. Many students believe their work has implications for humanity, whether on the local scale (like the Community-Based Learning program, where stu-dents apply academic principles while conducting work for local nonprofits and government) or on the global level (cancer research, etc.). Because of all these incen-tives, I suspect we’ve more or less hit the cap for outstanding work.

But let’s say that, for less out-standing students, a new grading policy would increase the average amount of work input. The com-mittee cites a statistic saying stu-

dents worked 40 hours a week in 1961 and only 27 in 2003, which is a problem if you accept their phi-losophy that more work is better.

Firstly, I’d point out that a large part of that may be due to the fact that we now have vast online libraries and keyboards.

But more importantly, incen-tivizing ”more work” in this way would be a disaster for the Col-lege mission. A numerical grading scale will see more quibbling, more stress over insignificant details of work, more unproductive com-petitiveness and more exaspera-tion over frequent arbitrariness. Are there really meaningful dif-ferences between a 94 and 96 on similarly structured literature papers, or is it more likely to be attributed to how recently a novi-tiate teaching assistant refilled his or her co!ee mug? Also, a harsher scale will simply exacerbate the adverse selection phenomenon — students will consider it even more important to find the right courses, the right TAs and the right paper topics, because varia-tion will always exist.

Most tragically, the quest for each additional point will moti-vate students to sacrifice the enriching, nonacademic aspects of Yale life in order to compete with other universities’ students. A liberal arts environment is not for Ph.D.s-in-training. It is meant to teach us what it means to be ser-vants in our communities, citizens in our polities, leaders in our orga-

nizations and humans in our time. It is supposed to impart character.

Character is not forged in the dungeons of Bass. It is cultivated when students learn to listen and engage, a skill acquired over hun-dreds of dining hall debates where no one is scurrying to the library. It comes as people spend time find-ing their calling, whether as public school interns or student newspa-per journalists or doctors’ shad-ows. It is bred as we are socialized to others’ life experiences. You cannot internalize what it means to be black, an immigrant, Mus-lim, gay or bipolar just by reading. We need to experience friendships and relationships, passion and anger, in large doses unconfined to the Friday nights we can a!ord to carve out of our study schedules. And, just sometimes, we also need enough time to learn what makes us happy.

I, and many others at this Uni-versity, will continue to work relentlessly for all the reasons I laid out before — already often at the expense of mental health. Before we make such a drastic change and bicker over implementation, it is important to first have a broader philosophical discussion about the purpose of the College, and whether this proposal fulfills it.

MICHAEL MAGDZIK is a senior in Berkeley College. His column runs on

Tuesdays. Contact him at michael.magdzik@yale.edu .

There is too much hap-pening at Yale. And because there is so much

happening, we are divided into little fiefdoms and small con-versations. Few events have the power to spark campus-wide discussions, and few of these discussions have the staying power to have a mean-ingful impact on student opin-ion. The very wealth of oppor-tunities has made us poorer.Yesterday morning, I checked my calendar and realized that in addition to my classes and organizational meetings, I had scribbled down notes to attend six di!erent events within the space of four hours. On my schedule was information for: two separate Masters’ Teas (both scheduled for 4 p.m.), activist Michelle Alexander’s talk at the Divinity School (5:30 p.m.), John Negropon-te’s discussion of current for-eign policy priorities (6 p.m.), Peter Salovey’s “Open Forum” (7 p.m.) and Sufi Shaykh Hisham Kabbani’s conversa-tion with Rabbi James Ponet on “divine intoxication” (7 p.m.). Overwhelmed, the only thing I ended up going to was my regularly scheduled weekly Talmud study-session.

Of course, these events were just the tip of a very large ice-berg. But the scary thing about life at Yale is that this sort of surplus is common. In fact, evenings like last night are all too typical. On a daily basis, we are bombarded with a parade of prominent dignitaries and intellectual movers and shak-ers. There are always far more events occurring and speakers visiting than any of us have the time or energy to attend. So we miss out.

The problem with the event saturation at Yale is not merely the disappointment at all the missed opportunities — that is simply part of life. The real problem is that the constant stream of speakers on cam-pus crushes any kind of cohe-sive, campus-wide engage-ment with our guests and their ideas.

Imagine the power of the conversation around race and mass incarceration that might have been sparked if Michelle Alexander’s lecture was the only guest appearance of the week. Imagine the kind of debate over American foreign policy that Negroponte could have sparked if more than a handful had attended his talk in LC 211. But neither of these talks will have anywhere near that kind of impact. After all, barely anyone heard them speak, and those who did will be running o! to hear some other important guest tomor-row evening.

Decades ago, when trans-portation was more di"cult and guest appearances less

f r e q u e n t , i n d i v i d -ual speak-ers sparked serious and s u s t a i n e d d i s c u s s i o n across cam-pus. With far fewer guests and a more unified extracurric-ular culture,

Ronald Reagan’s invitation to Yale in the midst of the Viet-nam War triggered weeks of protest and discussion. Wil-liam F. Buckley and William Sloane Co"n could go at one another, exploring the deepest questions of political philos-ophy before a political union that boasted membership of nearly a quarter of the Yale College undergraduates.

Today, there is no possibil-ity for events to inspire collec-tive soul-searching and Uni-versity-wide introspection. Student intellectual life is bal-kanized into hundreds of dis-crete student organizations, each devoted to its own narrow areas of interest. Assaulted with options, we self-segre-gate into smaller communi-ties, each engaged in a rat race to bring in its own blockbuster speakers. In the process, audi-ences become smaller and conversations shallower. Campus-wide debate has all but become a thing of the past.

There is likely no way to reverse the trend. The prolifer-ation of student groups and the ease of modern travel assure the continued frenzy of special events, guests and opportuni-ties. But we are deluding our-selves if we fail to realize that the abundance of opportuni-ties has led to a drastic reduc-tion in any individual event’s impact or reach. Even worse, it has led the dissolution of the University as a cohesive intel-lectual community.

One day, perhaps, we will realize that more is not always better, and that increased choice does not always lead to better results. But in the absence of systemic change, perhaps we might all breathe a little easier every time we miss 11 of 12 simultaneous happen-ings. Don’t lust for Hermione’s time-turner, dream of the day when it will be unnecessary.

YISHAI SCHWARTZ is a senior in Branford College. Contact him

at yishai.schwartz@yale.edu .

“Other, already-existing parts of the Yale Health system could use a real overhaul.” 'ALONNINOS' ON 'YALE HEALTH CONSIDERS SEX CHANGE SURGERY'

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SCWARTZDissentary

The history of museums is a history of theft, appropria-tion, bribery and manipu-

lation. It is also a history of beauty, elegance, scholarship and public education. We can easily extend these descriptions to other cul-tural landmarks and institu-tions: Few libraries, monuments or public buildings come without a complicated history that mixes oppression with celebration.

As I intimated in my last col-umn, I give tours at the Yale Uni-versity Art Gallery (a lot of them recently, as the newly renovated spaces have reopened in spectac-ular fashion) and have a deep and abiding love for museums and for art. I spent this past summer visit-ing some of Europe’s finest muse-ums on a Yale fellowship, and saw firsthand the extent to which the great collections in Europe are built out of extraordinary objects that arrived through dubious means.

Few museums enjoy making reference to this part of their his-tories: They prefer to provide a sanitized version of events for public consumption that steps over the dingier aspects of the story. I listened to an astonish-ing number of audio guides and read an alarming number of labels that came perilously close to tell-

ing lies. Muse-ums are not i n n o c e n t spaces — and no convoluted, whitewashed version of events will make it so.

I say all this because most visitors I see at the museum come in with a sense that museums are

elitist, highbrow institutions, designed to safeguard works of art and promote superior cul-tural taste in the masses. Some are shocked when I tell stories about objects that came to Yale through bribery or manipulated auctions; works that were sawn in pieces and scrubbed clean of paint; works that were illegally exca-vated and sold before there were laws against it; paintings that were heavily cleaned by a small group of somewhat radical art historians, now too damaged to go back on view.

To counteract these stories, I share tales of monuments that we only know about because an archaeologist arrived before a war started, and got some pieces out; I

talk about the high-quality con-servation and restoration work that the gallery is currently doing to preserve important pieces of art in our collection for future gener-ations. Yale has, in the wake of the Machu Picchu episode, cemented itself as a deeply thoughtful insti-tution that is comfortable with publicly owning up — unlike many European art museums — to the problematic histories of some of its artifacts.

The challenge then becomes balancing the image museums present of themselves — pure temples to art — with the masked realities of blood, sweat and tears. Learning to read museums is much like learning to decode a piece of literature: You look for signs and symbols, for deliber-ate e!acements and evasions. You acknowledge that everything is a construction, and done deliber-ately. You ask questions, and don’t accept half-hearted answers.

In the same vein, Yale allows me to tell the stories of these objects in all of their convoluted glory. My teachers at the museum taught me these stories, as have my art his-tory professors. They’ve shown me that it’s possible to balance a love of a museum or cultural insti-tution with criticism of its history, and that above all, every terrible

story is an opportunity for further education, for oneself and others.

Objects and museums are our global cultural heritage. As a community, we are responsible for safeguarding the works that defined moments and peoples in the past. But our job is also to rec-ognize that no object or institu-tion is made with completely clean hands — not even the ones around the corner. That should not stop us from loving these places. But it should teach us to read them, and consider history, a little di!er-ently.

If for no other reason, these stories should put an end to the notion that museums are “bor-ing.” Though not all objects have an "Indiana Jones"-style back-story, a surprisingly large num-ber of them do. Even for those that don’t, we still see in those objects the truth of museums and other cultural institutions: They bring us closer to our common human-ity through an exploration of the human psyche, in the stories shaped both through and around the object.

ZOE MERCER-GOLDEN is a senior in Davenport College.

Her column runs on alternate Tuesdays. Contact her at

zoe.mercer-golden@yale.edu .

ZOE MERCER-GOLDEN

Meditations

Grading and the purpose of the College

A year and a half has passed since the August evening when an overpriced shut-

tle dropped me o! at Phelps Gate. Throughout my time at Yale, I have often been struck by how well this campus makes me feel at home in a country that is not mine. I did not grow up speaking English, and I cannot donate to the yearly Yale-Harvard blood drives despite Dean Miller’s many emails, but I have very rarely felt alienated from those around me simply because I come from somewhere di!erent.

Last Thursday was an excep-tion.

That afternoon, I attended a talk by a Yale Law School profes-sor, Oona Hathaway LAW ’97, on the legality of drone strikes. It was informative; Hathaway’s knowl-edge of the issue was excellent, and her arguments were convinc-ing. Throughout the talk, however, something kept nagging at me. I knew we were all there to discuss the legality of the issue, and not the morality, so I could not under-stand why I still felt uneasy. It was during the Q-and-A session that it hit me — a student asked Hatha-

way how soon she thought drones would reach “closer to home.”

The talk had been organized by the International Students Orga-nization and was attended by students hailing from across the world. But when we discussed the possibility of drone prolifera-tion “at home,” we meant only the United States. I thought back on the home I left in January, where we discuss drone strikes over din-ner tables and in daily news bul-letins. I looked back and remem-bered the children that died, the resentment that invariably rises, the bruised, indignant sover-eignty. Drones reached my home, Pakistan, many years ago.

Back in November 2012, I sat talking to another Pakistani at Yale about the upcoming Ameri-can presidential elections. “Who do you want to see win, Obama or Romney?” I asked. “Their policy on drones is very similar, so I don’t care much.” His reply bothered me. I was puzzled at how anyone who planned to live in this coun-try for years to come could remain aloof from such an important event.

Last Thursday, Hathaway explained how the U.S govern-ment broadly defines “militants” killed by drone strikes as “all mil-itary-age males in a strike zone.” Many believe it’s an e!ort to reduce the o"cial civilian casu-alty counts. From my friend to the U.S. government, apathy happens everywhere.

Right after the talk, I attended a dinner with a guest of the Yale University Art Gallery, along with curators and art students. They were discussing recent trends in visual and literary arts, and some-one pointed out, “Oh, drones are all the rage nowadays. They’re everywhere in art.” Again, I was unsettled. A traumatic and debili-tating reality for many abroad was being used to feed the need for fantasy, innovation and wonder in the art studios of New York City or Boston.

Do I believe that such attitudes will easily change? No. Hatha-way’s talk convinced me that drones are here to stay, given their e"ciency, relatively lower costs and the very obvious fact that they eradicate the need for “Ameri-

can boots on the ground.” Among friends and classmates who con-tinue to turn a blind eye to their government’s abuse of power abroad, I can understand the apa-thy, at least partially. It is not easy to worry about issues that do not remotely a!ect us, especially when we live in an insular college community and face various aca-demic and emotional concerns of our own everyday.

However, there are some of us who are torn between this place and another, a home less peace-ful than here. And it’s frustrat-ing. We call this campus our home regardless of the color of our pass-ports, but issues of national iden-tity and foreignness creep in from time to time. For many interna-tional students who come from regions adversely a!ected by U.S. foreign policy, there are realities beyond the confines of this cam-pus. Try as we might, we can’t ignore them.

DUR E AZIZ AMNA is a sophomore in Berkeley College. Contact her at

dureaziz.amna@yale.edu .

The 'innocent' museum

G U E S T C O L U M N I S T D U R E A Z I Z A M N A

Drone strikes at home

Too much stu!

WE'VE LOST THE CAMPUS-WIDE

CONVERSATION

NEWSYALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 3

NEWS “I was born on a farm. My strength has noth-ing to do with political apparatus. I get my strength from nature, from flowers.” ARIEL SHARON FORMER ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER

BY APSARA IYERSTAFF REPORTER

President-elect Peter Salovey o!ered a sounding board for stu-dent concerns by discussing Uni-versity resources and student engagement in STEM classes and online education at the Yale Col-lege Council Open Forum Monday night.

During the forum, which roughly 50 students attended, Salovey responded to six prescreened ques-tions about athletics, education in STEM fields, the relationship between students and administra-tors, sustainability, online educa-tion and financial aid. Salovey said he supports expanding the field of online education at Yale beyond the online course experience to pro-viding user-specific learning and broadening the global reach of the University.

“Online tools can expand Yale’s reach,” he said. “I’m not as sure that they’ll have a radical trans-formation of what happens in the classroom, but they can allow a lot more people to have access to Yale’s resources.”

Salovey used the concept of a “flip-classroom,” in which stu-dents watch online lectures at home and then discuss them dur-ing class, as an example of harness-ing online tools to enhance the way students interact with their profes-sors directly. He said he envisions a

future of online courses in which presentations adjust to incorporate more auditory and visual elements based on performance tracking tai-lored to each student’s learning style.

The state of the University’s budget and student financial aid were also central to the evening’s discussion.

Salovey said he is “strongly in favor of the most generous finan-cial aid policies that we can have,” but that he does not think the Uni-versity can realistically eliminate the summer income contribution required of students on financial aid, which totals between $1,500 to $2,900 per year and could inhibit students from pursuing unpaid summer opportunities. Salovey said he faced financial aid chal-lenges as a student at Stanford, but even with his financial constraints, he found summer activities that “complemented” his education.

Ned Downie ’14 estimated that it would cost the University roughly $8 million to cover summer income contributions, though Salovey said the University is already $50 mil-lion short of a balanced budget.

Salovey also said a timeline for updating facilities with handi-cap accessibility would depend on “committing to a rate of spending over a period of time.”

The topic turned to academ-ics when Salovey emphasized the importance of providing high-

quality teaching in introductory courses and o!ering incentives for good instruction in STEM fields. Currently, he added, the Univer-sity is focusing on improving STEM classes by increasing individual-ized student attention, including a commitment to obtaining funding to hire 10 new engineering profes-sors this year.

Students interviewed said they were satisfied with Salovey’s

responses.Sophia Charan ’16 said she

thinks that Salovey should advo-cate for improved technology in classrooms “for the sake of the technology” rather than because it has the “Yale name attached to it.”

The YCC Open Forum event was last held in 2001.

Contact APSARA IYER at apsara.iyer@yale.edu .

Salovey confronts student concerns

BY EMMA GOLDBERGSTAFF REPORTER

While students celebrated two consecutive days of canceled classes after a blizzard hit New Haven earlier this month, interns at the Yale Farm scrambled to rescue their winter crop from the storm’s path.

The snowstorm that struck New Haven on Feb. 8 collapsed one of the farm’s three high tunnels (metal-framed structures that shield crops from the elements), and the dam-age will limit planting and harvest-ing capacity for the rest of the winter season. Farm Director Mark Bomford said in a Sunday email that the sta! plans to rebuild the damaged struc-ture before the spring, but recon-struction will leech o! of the farm’s budget. Although the farm received a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Resource Conservation Service to build a new high tunnel, Shizue Rocheadachi ’15, the farm’s student manager, said that the farm will instead use the funding to reconstruct the collapsed tunnel.

“We were all blown away by the impact of the storm,” Rocheadachi said. “It was beyond what any of us had conceived.”

Student interns had attempted to prepare for the storm by ensuring that all doors to the high tunnels were closed, preventing crops from being exposed to the snow. Farm Coordi-nator Jeremy Oldfield said volunteers stayed on the farm until after the storm hit on Friday evening, knock-ing fallen snow o! the high tunnel

roofs. Rocheadachi and farm intern Justine Appel ’15 planned to dig out the high tunnels from under the snow the next day, but the roof caved in under the weight of the snow before they could arrive on Saturday.

Rocheadachi said she was sur-prised that the tunnel collapsed because she said it had been con-structed more recently than the other tunnels. The tunnel housed spinach and greens that volunteers planned to sell at a local farmer’s market, she added, and Oldfield said the farm sta! were only able to sal-vage two-thirds of the already har-vested greens.

Bomford said he hopes to have the tunnel repaired by the spring plant-ing season, which begins in April, but Rocheadachi said she is concerned the construction will be delayed when students leave campus for spring break.

Though volunteers are disap-pointed that they will not be able to add a fourth high tunnel to the farm this spring, Rocheadachi said they are keeping the problem in perspec-tive, particularly given the damage the storm has caused to other farms in the area. Common Ground, a local New Haven farm, only had one high tunnel and it collapsed during the storm, Rocheadachi said. On farms across Connecticut, tunnel col-lapses could lead to major problems including a shortened growing sea-son, a late start for seedlings and a lessened supply for vendors, leaving a gap in the local marketplace, Yale Farm Events and Outreach Coordi-nator Jacqueline Lewin said.

“We’re a teaching farm, so it’s not as if anyone is going to go hun-gry because of the tunnel’s collapse,” Rocheadachi said. “We’re taking this as a learning experience, even though we are losing a lot of valuable time that we could have used for planting.”

In recent years, the Yale Farm has invested in structures that protect crops from weather damage, Bom-ford said. Prior to Hurricane Sandy, volunteers built temporary barri-ers around the farm’s tunnels to pre-vent them from being damaged by the wind. The farm emerged from the hurricane untouched, save a few artichokes that died and some fenc-ing that was damaged by fallen trees. Many of the precautions made for the hurricane were still in place when the blizzard hit this month.

Though the Yale Farm sta! works to protect its structures and equip-

ment before storms like Hurricane Sandy, Appel said the farm sta! have not developed a general procedure for responding to severe weather condi-tions.

“A garden like ours is such a dynamic piece of land that bracing ourselves for severe weather usually turns out to be more creative and on-the-fly than following a certain pre-determined procedure,” Appel said.

Weather problems like the bliz-zard can be helpful, Oldfield said, in allowing student managers to iden-tify problems in farm infrastruc-ture that can be addressed to pre-vent future storm damage. Bomford said volunteers are currently work-ing with the Yale O"ce of Sustain-ability and students at the School of Forestry & Environmental Stud-ies to improve the farm’s stormwater management system, which will pre-vent any damage from flooding in the future.

Despite the structural issues that the blizzard created, Bom-ford said the snow might make the crops sweeter in the spring, since plants tend to produce sugar in cold weather.

“While the crops grow more slowly, you get some flavors during the cool weather that you don’t find in the summer,” Bomford said.

In addition to spinach, the col-lapsed high tunnel also housed aru-gula, tatsoi, golden frill mustard and several other greens.

Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

After blizzard, Yale Farm recovers

BY MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMASSTAFF REPORTER

Surrounded by a small cadre of Yale Col-lege Democrats Monday evening, Josemaria Islas continued his advocacy against his own looming deportation, which he has been fighting to prevent for seven months.

Islas, a New Haven undocumented worker arrested in July on charges of armed robbery of which he was later cleared, faces an uphill battle in his e!ort to remain in the United States. Last Thursday, an immigration court in Hartford decided against dropping Islas’ case, bringing him one step closer to depor-tation. At the same time, four protestors — including two current Yale students — claiming unfairness in the Secure Commu-nities program of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, were arrested in an act of civil disobedience in the state Capitol.

Secure Communities asks local law enforcement to detain undocumented immigrants who have been arrested until ICE o"cials can bring them to a immigra-tion detention center.

While last week’s rally generated some public support for Islas, it thus far has pro-duced no change on the part of ICE or high-level public o"cials who might influence his case. As a result, Islas and his advocates are left to continue their e!orts to build support on a local level, though with no guarantee of success.

“I migrated looking for a better life for my family,” Islas said during Monday’s meeting. “I’m paying for something I did not do.”

Islas will speak at the Unitarian Univer-salist Society of New Haven on Saturday. On Sunday, his family will participate in the Keeping Families Together campaign tour, a national bus tour focusing on immigration issues visiting New Haven this weekend. Beyond that, Islas’ plans are undetermined, said Unidad Latina en Accion organizer Megan Fountain ’07, who was arrested Thursday.

Fountain said there is no timeline for Islas’ continuing deportation procedures. He has 30 days to appeal last week’s court decision, but whether he will choose to remains uncertain.

At the moment, Islas is continuing to con-sult his lawyer on possible legal strategies. Fountain added, however, that prosecutorial discretion, in which ICE would simply close Islas’ case, “is really the only option.”

At least 12 community leaders and elected o"cials have sent letters asking ICE Public Advocate Andrew Lorenzen-Strait, who is prosecuting the case, to exercise prosecuto-rial discretion, including New Haven Mayor John DeStefano Jr.

ICE spokesman Ross Feinstein remained firm in the agency’s commitment to con-tinue Islas’ deportation proceedings, call-ing him a “priority for removal” in an email to the News last week. Feinstein emphasized that ICE prioritizes “those that have broken criminal laws, recently crossed our border, or repeatedly violated immigration laws,” which, he said, Islas had done.

“Islas was originally charged with a seri-ous criminal o!ense of conspiracy to com-mit robbery. He was subsequently charged with two lesser offenses arising from the same incident and entered Connecticut’s accelerated rehabilitation program,” Fein-stein wrote. “Islas was also previously removed from the United States on four separate occasions in both August and Sep-tember 2005. He subsequently entered the United States without permission.”

Islas and his advocates have asked for similar letters from Connecticut Sens. Rich-ard Blumenthal LAW ’73 and Chris Murphy and U.S. Rep. Rosa DeLauro. Although Blu-menthal has reportedly turned down the request, Fountain said that Murphy and DeLauro’s o"ces are still considering writ-ing such a letter. In her evaluation of the requests’ prospects, however, she remains pessimistic.

“Politicians want to come out in support of young people, undocumented youth,” Fountain said, referring to broad support for the DREAM Act, which proposed to grant temporary and then permanent residency to certain undocumented young immigrants. “They’re very afraid to come out in sup-port of undocumented parents and undocu-mented workers.”

In the meantime, Islas’ case has spurred an invigorated push for Connecticut to close the loophole that allowed for Islas’ deten-tion by ICE. Last year, Gov. Dannel Malloy instructed the state Department of Correc-tions to hold only undocumented immi-grants convicted of felonies for ICE. Because Islas was in the custody of judicial marshals, however, Malloy’s order did not apply.

State Rep. Gary Holder-Winfield is, at the request of the Connecticut Immigrant Rights Alliance, in the process of authoring the Connecticut TRUST Act, which would extend the essence of Malloy’s order to all branches of the state’s law enforcement.

Islas has a brother, sister, brother-in-law and several nieces and nephews in New Haven, he said Monday. Four of them are currently undocumented.

Contact MATTHEW LLOYD-THOMAS at matthew.lloyd-thomas@yale.edu .

Future uncertain for Islas

JENNIFER CHEUNG/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

The collapse of one of the Yale Farm’s three high tunnels during the Feb. 8 snowstorm will limit the farm’s planting and harvesting capacity this season.

A garden like ours is such a dynamic piece of land that bracing ourselves for severe weather usually turns out to be more creative and on-the-fly.

JUSTINE APPEL ’15Intern, Yale Farm

SARI LEVY/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

President-elect Peter Salovey responded to student concerns on financial aid, online education and introductory STEM classes at Monday’s YCC Open Forum.

a new superintendent, only not-ing that the appointment will entail a nationwide search pro-cess. Assistant Superintendent of Schools Garth Harries ’95, a possible front-runner for the post, would not confirm inten-tions to apply for the job. Har-ris only noted that he plans to stay in New Haven and that he is committed to school change.

School board o!cials at the Monday meeting agreed that the next step in the process is to hire a consultant who can help guide the board through a search pro-cess. Board members will cre-ate an application for the super-

intendent post in the coming weeks.

“We’d be spinning our wheels if we ran ahead and started doing the work [without a consulting firm],” Torre said.

Board members also stressed that in order to maintain the current progress of the School Change Initiative in New Haven, it is imperative that the search process finishes before Mayo steps down this June. However, the board stopped short of out-lining specific dates for each step in the search.

Johnston added that it is important to move quickly at the beginning of the search pro-cess and thus allow time for

community involvement in the coming months. Torre said that the Board of Education plans to have focus groups in which teachers, community members and parents can voice qualities and characteristics they believe are important for a new super-intendent.

Will Clark, chief operating officer of the Board of Educa-tion, said the consulting firm selected will need to charge a fee of $100,000 or less to be an a"ordable partner for the city.

Contact MONICA DISARE at monica.disare@yale.edu .

FROM THE FRONTPAGE 4 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

“Far and away the best prize that life has to o!er is the chance to work hard at work worth doing.” THEODORE ROOSEVELT 26TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

week.Still, professors were able to

convince administrators to spare a handful of prizes that the policy had previously marked for elimi-nation or significant reduction.

Linda Peterson, former chair of the English Department Prizes Committee, said she and Depart-ment Chair Michael Warner examined the state of every Eng-lish prize after the cap. Through discussions with the Provost’s Office, they managed to save at least one prize that was “going to be either eliminated or made entirely honorific,” she said.

Math Department chair Yair Minsky said his department suc-cessfully appealed to reinstate some funding for the John Alan Lewis Prize. The name of the prize has been changed to the John Alan Lewis Summer Research Fellow-ship, but it is now worth close to $3,000, Minsky said in a Monday email.

But eventually, inflation will cause the reduced prizes to decline even further in value, Peterson said. She said she has heard no discussions about the implica-tions of the cap five or 10 years from now when prizes of $1,000 will be worth less, though Polak said he is “pretty sure” that the

Provost’s and Secretary’s o!ces will need to adjust the cap for inflation.

Administrators have also restricted the formerly com-mon practice of splitting large prizes between students, profes-sors said. Before the cap, the Eng-lish Department had split some of the larger prize funds between five or six students each year, Peter-son said, but Stefanie Markovits, another former chair of the Eng-lish Prizes Committee, said the Provost’s and Secretary’s o!ces now “actually discourages” the department from splitting up individual prizes.

The DeForest Prize for senior

math majors, an award that had increased in value to more than $23,000, used to be spread among 10 to 12 students before the cap, mathematics professor Roger Howe told the News in 2010. It was adjusted to give $1,000 each to two seniors after the cap, he said.

“The ground rule now is one winner per prize,” Peterson said. “You can understand the logic — if the prize language says ‘to the best senior’ or ‘for the best fresh-man composition,’ it shouldn’t be given to five people.”

Many of Yale’s older prizes, some of which were given as early as the mid-1800s, started

out small but ballooned over the years because they were invested alongside the Yale endowment. In 2009, the total value of the Math-ematics Department’s prize funds exceeded $70,000, Howe told the News in 2010. After the prize cap, the department awarded only $6,000, he said.

Suttle said prizes were reduced in March 2010 after administra-tors reviewed each prize’s inden-ture — a legal document in which a donor specifies how the money can be used. That spring, then-Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal investigated Yale’s handling of its donations. Suttle said the prize cap policy

was “reviewed and approved by the Attorney General’s O!ce.”

Markovits said the Eng-lish Department has gradually adjusted to the cap.

“I’m hoping that we will be able to continue to give out the prize money we were able to preserve when the budget cuts were made,” she said. “We’re optimistic that we’ve reached a new normal that will be preserved.”

Thirty-nine students received prizes from the English Depart-ment in spring 2012.

Contact SOPHIE GOULD at sophie.gould@yale.edu .

“Yale’s second-biggest year is a big accom-plishment, and it demonstrates the great suc-cess of the Yale Tomorrow campaign,” O’Neill said, “so we’re seeing the benefit of that.”

O’Neill said nearly 58 percent of the roughly $540 million raised in cash dona-tions went into the University endowment, 26 percent went directly toward specified uses such as research funding and 14 percent was mostly split between facilities funding and unrestricted use. She added that donors are still deciding how to allocate the remain-ing small percentage of the donations.

University President Richard Levin said the large donation figure did not surprise him, adding that Yale received a nine-figure pledge and a number of eight-figure pledges during the campaign, so donors fulfilling some of those pledges this year added to the total.

He added that he does not expect the cash donation total to be larger for the 2013 fis-cal year because fewer pledges from the Yale Tomorrow campaign have yet to be paid o".

Harvard University and Stanford Univer-sity were the two schools that outperformed Yale on the Council for Aid to Education’s annual fundraising survey, and Stanford set a fundraising record as the first college to sur-pass $1 billion in donations, counting $1.03 billion in 2012. On Dec. 31, 2011, Stanford concluded a $6.23 billion campaign called “The Stanford Challenge,” and the school’s

fiscal year ended in August, creating a simi-lar e"ect in the 2012 fiscal year that O’Neill said occurred after the Yale Tomorrow cam-paign. Harvard raised the second-highest amount with a total of $650 million. Members of the Stanford Development Office could not be reached for comment, and the Har-vard Alumni A"airs and Development O!ce declined to comment.

O’Neill called Stanford’s performance a “huge accomplishment,” and said that receiv-ing $1 billion is not out of question for Yale in the future and that “we have aspirations” to raise that amount. If the Development O!ce received many large gifts at the same time, it could be possible to break $1 billion, she said. The University is a relatively smaller school than Stanford, she added, and Yale College is the “biggest funding arm” in terms of alumni support.

The relative sizes of the di"erent schools within the University differ significantly from the school sizes at Harvard and Stan-ford, O’Neill explained, adding that Yale has relatively smaller business and engineering schools, which can drive support for a uni-versity.

“That doesn’t mean we don’t have years we are able to outperform schools that are bigger than us,” O’Neill added.

The numbers released by the Council for Aid to Education reflect cash payments, but not pledges, Levin and O’Neill said, and col-leges usually take both donations and pledges into account when measuring fundraising success.

O’Neill added that when taking pledges into consideration, in the 2013 fiscal year, the University is currently outperforming its fun-draising e"orts at this point last year.

Altogether, about 3,500 U.S. colleges and universities raised $31 billion, marking a 2.3 percent increase from fiscal year 2011 — a sig-nificantly lower change than the 8.2 percent increase in all giving from 2010 to 2011.

Contact JULIA ZORTHIAN at julia.zorthian@yale.edu .

PRIZES FROM PAGE 1

SUPERINTENDENT FROM PAGE 1

FUNDRAISING FROM PAGE 1

Stanford sets fundraising record

Admins continue to discourage new prizes

City to hire consulting firm

OPINION.YOUR THOUGHTS.

YOUR VOICE.YOUR PAGE.

Send submissions to opinion@yaledailynews.com

Interested in illustrating for the Yale Daily News?

CONTACT KAREN TIAN AT karen.tian@yale.edu

r e c y c l e r e c y c l e r e c y c l e r e c y c l eYOUR YDN DAILY

Yale’s second-biggest [fundraising] year … demonstrates the great success of the Yale Tomorrow campaign.

JOAN O’NEILLVice president for development, Yale University

DIANA LI/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Board of Education is poised to search for a replacement for NHPS Superintendent Reginald Mayo, right.

NEWSYALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 5

NEWS “We’ll try to cooperate fully with the IRS because, as citizens, we feel a strong patriotic duty not to go to jail.” DAVE BARRY PULITZER PRIZE-WINNING AMERICAN AUTHOR AND COLUMNIST

BY LAVINIA BORZISTAFF REPORTER

Students and faculty filled Marquand Chapel at the Divin-ity School Monday afternoon to listen to one of today’s most influential legal rights advocates discuss the issue of mass incar-ceration in the United States.

Michelle Alexander, a civil rights lawyer who gained national renown after publishing the book “The New Jim Crow,” spoke to the audience about the phenomenon of mass incarcera-tion in the United States, which she described as a legalized form of racial discrimination. Because African-Americans make up a large percentage of America’s prison population, Alexander said millions of African-Ameri-cans nationwide are deprived of basic human rights to housing and employment, adding that the prisoners have fallen victim to the kind of racial discrimination that

existed at the time of Jim Crow.“We have not ended racial

caste in America, we have merely redesigned it,” she said. “This is a system that has literally turned back the clock on racial progress in the U.S.”

Alexander said a series of American government cam-paigns to curb the illegal drug trade, commonly referred to as the war on drugs, is causing an unprecedented number of incar-cerations, especially of people of color. More than 45 million peo-ple have been “swept into the system” for drug o!enses, Alex-ander said, adding that the num-ber of people currently incarcer-ated for drug o!enses surpasses the number of people incarcer-ated for any one reason in 1980.

She said the government’s approach to helping Ameri-can black communities, which often face economic challenges, has involved targeting the Afri-can-American population with

“police and prisons” rather than implementing economic stimu-lus systems, creating bailout pro-grams, or investing in schools and job training.

“Children are now shuttled from low-funded schools to very high-funded, high-tech prisons,” Alexander said.

She also said that the phenom-enon of mass incarceration will be di"cult to change because it is deeply embedded into the social and economic fabric of America.

Many states feel that their econ-omies depend on prisons, and that closing down prisons would have dramatically negative eco-nomic effects, Alexander said. She added that four of five pris-oners would have to be released in order for the rate of incarceration to return to its level in the 1970s.

Alexander said address-ing the issue of mass incar-ceration will require a change from a civil rights movement to a human rights movement. The fight against mass incar-ceration needs to be “multira-cial and multiethnic,” Alexan-der said, and it requires a “great awakening.” She argued that the issue of mass incarceration can only be truly addressed by open-ing Americans’ communities — their homes, schools, churches and workplaces — to those whose lives have been altered by mass incarceration.

Audience members inter-viewed said they were impressed

by Alexander’s persuasiveness and the strength with which she conveyed her message.

Kayla Parker DIV ’15 said Alex-ander’s talk made the issue of racial discrimination in America seem less impossible to change.

“I appreciated the idea of

movement-building,” she said. “It was helpful and inspiring.”

Alexander is an associate pro-fessor of law at Ohio State Uni-versity.

Contact LAVINIA BORZI at lavinia.borzi@yale.edu .

Civil rights lawyer explains the New Jim Crow

BY JOHN AROUTIOUNIANSTAFF REPORTER

Speaking to an audience of about 20 students in Linsly-Chittenden Hall Monday night, Yale lecturer and former ambas-sador John Negroponte ’60 com-mented on a wide range of foreign policy issues facing the Obama administration today.

The former ambassador iden-tified what he described as the three key elements of Ameri-can foreign policy: to protect the country’s security, to enhance economic interests and to pro-mote and defend American val-ues. Negroponte also argued that the core of U.S. foreign pol-icy involves the ongoing need to build positive diplomatic rela-tions with other countries. He called for the new secretary of state, John Kerry ’66, to continue the emphasis on keeping diplo-matic channels open and to artic-ulate the need for more economic and military agreements between nations as a strategy for deterring new challenges.

Negroponte also spoke of the consistency that has character-ized American foreign policy since the end of World War II.

“When you take a look at what is actually done, foreign pol-icy doesn’t broadly change from administration to administration or party to party,” Negroponte said.

The former ambassador said the international situation and the national mood mean that President Barack Obama is unlikely to start any new foreign engagements in the near future, adding that Obama will likely

opt instead to concentrate inter-national relations in the context of a national focus on the econ-omy and internal rebuilding. He cited the president’s State of the Union address in January, which alluded sparsely to foreign policy but mentioned a potential free-trade agreement with Europe, as an example of a shift in focus.

Negroponte also touched on issues he predicted that Amer-ica and its allies will soon have to face, including the changing role of NATO and a still-resur-gent Russia. While there have been positive relations between the United States and Russia on issues like arms control, nuclear nonproliferation and counter-terrorism, Negroponte acknowl-edged “some daylight” in terms of human rights and democracy issues that must be managed strategically.

In speaking about the Obama administration’s policy on the decadelong war in Afghanistan, Negroponte said the president seems committed to ending the war quickly, though he recom-mended leaving a small military

presence to indicate long-term American interest in the region.

The former Bush administra-tion diplomat also took questions from the student audience, field-ing inquiries about current and past political issues.

When asked about the Ameri-can military’s controversial drone program currently under interna-tional scrutiny, Negroponte said the president has been enthu-siastic about the program and the administration is looking to expand the program by install-ing a new launch base in central Africa.

Toward the end of his speech, Negroponte spoke of climate change as an issue he would like to see addressed.

“This is an area where it will take the president’s personal leadership to get things done,” he said, recommending a focus on China and India as two of the world’s largest polluters.

Linh Nguyen ’15, who orga-nized the event, praised Negro-ponte for sharing his views, add-ing that his personal experience enriched his opinions.

Miranda Melcher ’16 said Ne g ro p o n te ’s p e rs p e c t ive allowed audience members to consider foreign policy over time.

“People our age tend to forget that the people making the deci-sion are a lot older than us,” she said, adding that this time frame shapes the way high-level gov-ernment o"cials make decisions.

The ambassador’s talk was sponsored by the Yale Interna-tional Relations Association.

Contact JOHN AROUTIOUNIAN at john.aroutiounian@yale.edu .

Negroponte highlights foreign policy challenges

MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

At a Monday talk, civil rights lawyer Michelle Alexander condemned mass incarceration of African-Americans as a form of legalized discrimination.

Foreign policy doesn’t broadly change from administration to administration or party to party.

JOHN NEGROPONTE ’60Former U.S. ambassador

Children are now shuttled from low-funded schools to very high-funded, high-tech prisons.

MICHELLE ALEXANDERAuthor, ‘The New Jim Crow’

recycle YOUR YDN DAILY recycle

JOYCE XI/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Former ambassador John Negroponte discussed the consistency of U.S. foreign policy over time at a Monday talk.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

BY HANNAH SCHWARZSTAFF REPORTER

A recent study from the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies has found that high levels of exposure to a chemical found in everyday prod-ucts are linked to osteoarthritis.

The study found that women in the highest 25 percent of exposure levels to perfluorinated compounds, or PFCs — a family of chemicals containing fluorine and found in everyday prod-ucts such as furniture, paper products and textiles — were twice as likely to become osteoarthritic as those in the lowest 25 percent, said Michelle Bell, one of the study’s researchers and an environmental health professor at the environment school. The study was published in the February issue of Environmental Health Perspectives.

“PFCs act like hormones in our bodies,” Sarah Uhl FES ’12 said — and even “vanishingly tiny doses” can have an impact.

Even though PFCs are “ubiquitous” chemicals to which most humans are exposed via ingestion and inhalation, there is not much definitive data on PFCs’ health e!ects on humans, said Russ Hauser, reproductive physiol-ogy professor at the Harvard School of Public Health. A large number of studies have assessed the e!ects of PFC exposure in rats, but Uhl said studying and measuring levels of toxic chemicals in humans is “very di"-cult.”

Hauser cited two studies focusing on health e!ects of high PFC expo-sure — one which determined a link between thyroid function and PFC exposure, and another which showed decreased immunization e!ectiveness in children from ages 5 to 7 linked to PFC exposure. More studies are nec-essary to understand the long-term e!ects of PFC exposure, Uhl said.

The data for the recently published study was taken from the 2003–’08 National Health and Nutrition Exami-nation Surveys. Initially, the research-

ers looked at the data of men and women together. However, upon sep-arating the data by sex, the research-ers found that the link between PFC exposure and osteoarthritis was attributable to the women’s data — in fact, there was “no association in men, but a strong association in women,” who are already at a higher risk of the disease, Uhl said.

Bell said that although produc-tion of chemicals within the PFC family, such as PFOA and PFOS, has declined due to growing health and environmental concerns, exposure to the chemicals remains widespread. Still, the study’s results can be used to develop policies that protect the public from chemical exposure, she added.

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder, according to PubMed Health.

Contact HANNAH SCHWARZ at hannah.schwarz@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 7PAGE 6 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

“Never trust anything that can think for itself if you can’t see where it keeps its brain.” ARTHUR WEASLEY CHARACTER IN J.K. ROWLING’S “HARRY POTTER” SERIES

Researchers identify cellular origins of fatBY DHRUV AGGARWAL

STAFF REPORTER

A Yale study has identified the neuro-receptor whose malfunction is thought to cause cognitive diseases such as schizophre-nia.

Published in the Feb. 20 issue of the jour-nal Neuron, the study examines the role NMDA receptors in the prefrontal cortex of the brain play in determining the onset of ill-ness. Yale neurobiology professor and paper senior author Amy Arnsten said scientists already knew genetic defects led to NMDA defects, adding that the study examined why genetic alterations to NMDA receptors were associated with thought disorders. Arnsten said understanding the function of NMDA receptors is key to understanding mental ill-ness.

“That’s the receptor you need for highly developed circuits [in the brain] to talk to each other,” she said. “This will provide clar-ity for therapeutic development.”

Arnsten said the study was based on “wonderful collaboration” between Yale’s Psychiatry and Mathematics departments, along with the Mount Sinai School of Medi-cine, where the electron microscopy neces-sary for the project was conducted. Work-ing under Psychiatry Department chair John Krystal MED ’84, the Yale laboratory exposed human subjects to low doses of the anes-thetic ketamine, which researchers discov-ered a!ected NMDA receptors and induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in the sub-jects. Although these symptoms were tran-sient, the human subjects demonstrated impaired cognitive functions typical of the disease.

“When healthy people get a low dose of

ketamine, it produces behavioral changes resembling schizophrenia,” Krystal said. “[The anesthetic] also doesn’t activate the prefrontal cortex [of the brain] when it’s hav-ing its e!ect.”

Xiao-Jing Wang, formerly a Yale neuro-biology professor and now a faculty member at New York University, provided the math-ematical models of brain circuits examined in the study. These models predicted that NMDA receptors would be utilized by these circuits. Wang said he conducted his math-ematical modeling research after realizing working memory must be mathematical. He defined working memory as the memory retained once there is no immediate stimu-lus present, such as remembering a particu-lar telephone number.

“The ability to hold something in your mind when the stimulus is not there grants the freedom to do what you want without the stimulus,” he said.

Krystal said the project was initiated decades ago through his interactions with Arnsten and the late Yale neuroscience pro-fessor Patricia Goldman-Rakic.

“[Goldman-Rakic] was a pioneer in see-ing how the prefrontal cortex guides behav-

ior,” he said. He said this study continued Goldman-

Rakic’s research hypothesis that nerve cells retained activity when ideas were generated.

Arnsten said her future research will focus on other molecules that might weaken or impair cognition.

“We are in great need of better under-standing and better treatment of serious

mental illness,” she said. “The only way to do that is to understand molecular influences on higher cognitive functions.”

Eight of the 10 authors of the paper pub-lished in Neuron are a"liated with Yale.

Contact DHRUV AGGARWAL at dhruv.aggarwal@yale.edu .

Study pinpoints schizophrenia-causing receptor

BY EMMA GOLDBERGSTAFF REPORTER

Amidst midterm season, Presi-dent-elect Peter Salovey has a mes-sage for students — stress can be good.

In a recent study to be published in the April edition of The Journal of Social and Psychological Sciences, Salovey collaborated with lead author and Columbia adjunct pro-fessor Alia Crum GRD ’12 and former Harvard researcher Shawn Achor to show that training employees to view stress positively can result in improved job performance. The team first began developing their plans in 2009 and started conduct-ing tests in 2010, Crum said.

“Usually what the media talks about is how stress can be damag-ing for our health and performance,” Crum said. “But our research showed that stress can lead to enhanced psy-chological growth and productivity.”

In order to investigate the impact of stress, Crum and her team eval-uated a group of 380 employees from a prominent investment bank. The employees were split into three groups — one watched a series of videos on the benefits of stress, the second watched videos on the dam-ages caused by stress and the third was a control group that did not watch any videos. The videos con-tained anecdotes and facts that the researchers hoped would shift employee attitudes toward stress. Salovey, Crum and Achor then designed a measurement to quan-tify employees’ beliefs about stress on a 4-point scale, and found that employees with positive attitudes toward stress were more productive in the workplace and exhibited fewer physical symptoms such as head-aches and fatigue.

The researchers also conducted a follow-up study in which they trained 200 managers at an invest-ment bank, helping them chan-nel their stress into improved work e!ectiveness and e"ciency. Crum said the researchers were interested in contrasting the results of an in-person training session with the vid-eos they showed employees in their first study. The results of the follow-up study have not yet been pub-lished.

“For research purposes, it is help-ful to have subjects watch a three-minute video,” Crum said. “But in practice, we wanted to work with people in trainings to consciously and deliberately change their mind-sets about stress.”

Putting their findings into prac-tice, the researchers are currently developing an online program that teaches the public about the bene-

fits of stress, Crum said. The course, called ReThink Stress, is being designed by corporate trainer Eric Karpinski.

“The ReThink Stress program can change the way one views stress from something to be feared to something that can be utilized to achieve important goals,” Achor said in a February press statement from ReThink Stress. “And managers can bring this training to their employ-ees to help their entire team tap into these productivity benefits.”

Crum said she hopes the project will show the public that the debili-tating e!ects of stress are primarily psychological — if people shift their mindset, they can use stress to their advantage, a lesson she believes is particularly relevant for students.

“Learning in schools is one of the biggest places where our research applies,” Crum said.

Though the researchers believe stress can be helpful to students in the classroom, a representative of the undergraduate meditation orga-nization YMindful warn that stress also has its downsides. Though pres-sure can enhance e"ciency, YMind-ful member Deena Gottlieb ’15 said it can detract from overall mental health and emotional stability.

“Stress shifts our focus from completing the task at hand to the fear and anxiety about not complet-ing that task,” Gottlieb said. “Stress distracts us.”

Hoping to combat negative per-ceptions of stress, Salovey, Crum and Achor drew from the work of Yale researcher Jeremy Gray whose 2008 study published in the jour-nal Psychological Science showed that students were able to raise their scores on the Graduate Record Examinations when taking the test under high-pressure conditions.

A 2012 survey conducted by the American Psychological Associa-tion showed 33 percent of Americans have never discussed stress manage-ment techniques with their health care providers.

Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

BY MAREK RAMILOSTAFF REPORTER

Yale researchers have identified a population of cells that eventually develop into adipocytes, or the cells that make up fat tissue.

A study led by Ryan Berry GRD ’15 and associate research scientist Matthew Rodehe!er from the Yale School of Medicine determined that a specific type of cell, the CD24+ cell, differentiates into fat cells in mice. This development answers many questions regarding the ori-gins of body fat, which is the key fac-tor in highly prevalent conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Berry and Rodehe!er published their find-ings in the Feb. 24 online issue of the journal Nature Cell Biology.

“One of the things that hadn’t been figured out is exactly what the cell lineage is, or ‘Where do fat cells come from in the body?’ The whole point of this paper was to nail down and identify what cells actually make the fat cells in the body,” Rodehe!er said.

For the study, which occurred over roughly two and a half years, Rode-heffer and Berry marked one cell population in each mouse subject with fluorescent proteins. Over time, the researchers were able to identify which group of cells eventually dif-ferentiated into adipocytes by look-ing for fluorescence in the fat tis-sue that developed in each mouse. Ultimately, it was the mice in which CD24+ cells — cells that express the PDGF receptor alpha — were tagged

that showed fluorescence in their adipose tissue, and further tests confirmed that these cells did indeed develop into fat cells.

“By showing that adipocytes derive from cells that express PDGF receptor alpha, we can actually look at what genes those specific cell types express and potentially modu-late how fat is formed or to activate or deactivate these cells from being able to di!erentiate to form new adi-pocytes,” Berry said.

The implications of this study are far-reaching, researchers said. By understanding the original form from which fat cells develop, researchers can now investigate and potentially decelerate the processes by which fat grows, Berry said. Con-versely, there also is the possibility of synthesizing fat tissue for the sake of reconstructive surgery in a process similar to culturing skin cells to cre-ate skin grafts.

“What’s really of interest is what actually activates these precur-sor cell populations. We know that when you place animals on a high-fat diet, they grow, they get overweight just like humans do when they eat too many calories,” Berry said when asked about the next steps in this study. “We’re actually probing to ask the question of what exactly in high-fat diets activates these cell popula-tions and leads to accumulation of adipose tissue.”

Professor Robert Farese of the University of California, San Fran-cisco’s Diabetes Center, who worked with Yale researchers who analyzed

fat stor-age methods, said Berry and Rodehef-fer’s work will be impor- t a n t in the quest to understand adipo-genesis, the full process by which fat cells are synthesized.

“We know that increases in fat leading to obesity involves both growing existing fat cells and mak-ing new fat cells. To understand how they are made anew, we have to understand where they come from. So, this paper is an important step,” Farese said.

More than one-third of adults in the United States are considered

o b e s e , according to the Centers for Dis-ease Control and Pre-vention.

Contact MAREK RAMILO at marek.ramilo@yale.edu .

THAO DO

KAREN TIAN

OSTEOARTHRITIS

risk of osteoarthritis because of the extra weight placed on joints.

genetic.

in the United States have osteoarthritis.

occurs equally in men and women under the age of 55, women account for around 60 percent of those older than 55 with osteoarthritis.

Sources: PubMed Health, Everyday Health

When healthy people get a low dose of ketamine, it produces behavioral changes resembling schizophrenia.

JOHN KRYSTAL MED ’84Chair, Department of Psychiatry

Our research showed that stress can lead to enhanced psychological growth and productivity.

ALIA CRUM GRD ’12Adjunct professor, Columbia Business School

PFCs linked to osteoarthritis

FOTIS BOBOLAS/CREATIVE COMMONS

The study examined the role of the anesthetic ketamine in disrupting the brain’s NMDA receptors, which have been linked to thought disorders.

HELLERHOFF/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

Higher exposure levels to PFCs, a family of chemicals found in many everyday prod-ucts, was associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis in women.

Stress may o!er workplace benefits

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

BY HANNAH SCHWARZSTAFF REPORTER

A recent study from the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies has found that high levels of exposure to a chemical found in everyday prod-ucts are linked to osteoarthritis.

The study found that women in the highest 25 percent of exposure levels to perfluorinated compounds, or PFCs — a family of chemicals containing fluorine and found in everyday prod-ucts such as furniture, paper products and textiles — were twice as likely to become osteoarthritic as those in the lowest 25 percent, said Michelle Bell, one of the study’s researchers and an environmental health professor at the environment school. The study was published in the February issue of Environmental Health Perspectives.

“PFCs act like hormones in our bodies,” Sarah Uhl FES ’12 said — and even “vanishingly tiny doses” can have an impact.

Even though PFCs are “ubiquitous” chemicals to which most humans are exposed via ingestion and inhalation, there is not much definitive data on PFCs’ health e!ects on humans, said Russ Hauser, reproductive physiol-ogy professor at the Harvard School of Public Health. A large number of studies have assessed the e!ects of PFC exposure in rats, but Uhl said studying and measuring levels of toxic chemicals in humans is “very di"-cult.”

Hauser cited two studies focusing on health e!ects of high PFC expo-sure — one which determined a link between thyroid function and PFC exposure, and another which showed decreased immunization e!ectiveness in children from ages 5 to 7 linked to PFC exposure. More studies are nec-essary to understand the long-term e!ects of PFC exposure, Uhl said.

The data for the recently published study was taken from the 2003–’08 National Health and Nutrition Exami-nation Surveys. Initially, the research-

ers looked at the data of men and women together. However, upon sep-arating the data by sex, the research-ers found that the link between PFC exposure and osteoarthritis was attributable to the women’s data — in fact, there was “no association in men, but a strong association in women,” who are already at a higher risk of the disease, Uhl said.

Bell said that although produc-tion of chemicals within the PFC family, such as PFOA and PFOS, has declined due to growing health and environmental concerns, exposure to the chemicals remains widespread. Still, the study’s results can be used to develop policies that protect the public from chemical exposure, she added.

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder, according to PubMed Health.

Contact HANNAH SCHWARZ at hannah.schwarz@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 7PAGE 6 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

“Never trust anything that can think for itself if you can’t see where it keeps its brain.” ARTHUR WEASLEY CHARACTER IN J.K. ROWLING’S “HARRY POTTER” SERIES

Researchers identify cellular origins of fatBY DHRUV AGGARWAL

STAFF REPORTER

A Yale study has identified the neuro-receptor whose malfunction is thought to cause cognitive diseases such as schizophre-nia.

Published in the Feb. 20 issue of the jour-nal Neuron, the study examines the role NMDA receptors in the prefrontal cortex of the brain play in determining the onset of ill-ness. Yale neurobiology professor and paper senior author Amy Arnsten said scientists already knew genetic defects led to NMDA defects, adding that the study examined why genetic alterations to NMDA receptors were associated with thought disorders. Arnsten said understanding the function of NMDA receptors is key to understanding mental ill-ness.

“That’s the receptor you need for highly developed circuits [in the brain] to talk to each other,” she said. “This will provide clar-ity for therapeutic development.”

Arnsten said the study was based on “wonderful collaboration” between Yale’s Psychiatry and Mathematics departments, along with the Mount Sinai School of Medi-cine, where the electron microscopy neces-sary for the project was conducted. Work-ing under Psychiatry Department chair John Krystal MED ’84, the Yale laboratory exposed human subjects to low doses of the anes-thetic ketamine, which researchers discov-ered a!ected NMDA receptors and induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in the sub-jects. Although these symptoms were tran-sient, the human subjects demonstrated impaired cognitive functions typical of the disease.

“When healthy people get a low dose of

ketamine, it produces behavioral changes resembling schizophrenia,” Krystal said. “[The anesthetic] also doesn’t activate the prefrontal cortex [of the brain] when it’s hav-ing its e!ect.”

Xiao-Jing Wang, formerly a Yale neuro-biology professor and now a faculty member at New York University, provided the math-ematical models of brain circuits examined in the study. These models predicted that NMDA receptors would be utilized by these circuits. Wang said he conducted his math-ematical modeling research after realizing working memory must be mathematical. He defined working memory as the memory retained once there is no immediate stimu-lus present, such as remembering a particu-lar telephone number.

“The ability to hold something in your mind when the stimulus is not there grants the freedom to do what you want without the stimulus,” he said.

Krystal said the project was initiated decades ago through his interactions with Arnsten and the late Yale neuroscience pro-fessor Patricia Goldman-Rakic.

“[Goldman-Rakic] was a pioneer in see-ing how the prefrontal cortex guides behav-

ior,” he said. He said this study continued Goldman-

Rakic’s research hypothesis that nerve cells retained activity when ideas were generated.

Arnsten said her future research will focus on other molecules that might weaken or impair cognition.

“We are in great need of better under-standing and better treatment of serious

mental illness,” she said. “The only way to do that is to understand molecular influences on higher cognitive functions.”

Eight of the 10 authors of the paper pub-lished in Neuron are a"liated with Yale.

Contact DHRUV AGGARWAL at dhruv.aggarwal@yale.edu .

Study pinpoints schizophrenia-causing receptor

BY EMMA GOLDBERGSTAFF REPORTER

Amidst midterm season, Presi-dent-elect Peter Salovey has a mes-sage for students — stress can be good.

In a recent study to be published in the April edition of The Journal of Social and Psychological Sciences, Salovey collaborated with lead author and Columbia adjunct pro-fessor Alia Crum GRD ’12 and former Harvard researcher Shawn Achor to show that training employees to view stress positively can result in improved job performance. The team first began developing their plans in 2009 and started conduct-ing tests in 2010, Crum said.

“Usually what the media talks about is how stress can be damag-ing for our health and performance,” Crum said. “But our research showed that stress can lead to enhanced psy-chological growth and productivity.”

In order to investigate the impact of stress, Crum and her team eval-uated a group of 380 employees from a prominent investment bank. The employees were split into three groups — one watched a series of videos on the benefits of stress, the second watched videos on the dam-ages caused by stress and the third was a control group that did not watch any videos. The videos con-tained anecdotes and facts that the researchers hoped would shift employee attitudes toward stress. Salovey, Crum and Achor then designed a measurement to quan-tify employees’ beliefs about stress on a 4-point scale, and found that employees with positive attitudes toward stress were more productive in the workplace and exhibited fewer physical symptoms such as head-aches and fatigue.

The researchers also conducted a follow-up study in which they trained 200 managers at an invest-ment bank, helping them chan-nel their stress into improved work e!ectiveness and e"ciency. Crum said the researchers were interested in contrasting the results of an in-person training session with the vid-eos they showed employees in their first study. The results of the follow-up study have not yet been pub-lished.

“For research purposes, it is help-ful to have subjects watch a three-minute video,” Crum said. “But in practice, we wanted to work with people in trainings to consciously and deliberately change their mind-sets about stress.”

Putting their findings into prac-tice, the researchers are currently developing an online program that teaches the public about the bene-

fits of stress, Crum said. The course, called ReThink Stress, is being designed by corporate trainer Eric Karpinski.

“The ReThink Stress program can change the way one views stress from something to be feared to something that can be utilized to achieve important goals,” Achor said in a February press statement from ReThink Stress. “And managers can bring this training to their employ-ees to help their entire team tap into these productivity benefits.”

Crum said she hopes the project will show the public that the debili-tating e!ects of stress are primarily psychological — if people shift their mindset, they can use stress to their advantage, a lesson she believes is particularly relevant for students.

“Learning in schools is one of the biggest places where our research applies,” Crum said.

Though the researchers believe stress can be helpful to students in the classroom, a representative of the undergraduate meditation orga-nization YMindful warn that stress also has its downsides. Though pres-sure can enhance e"ciency, YMind-ful member Deena Gottlieb ’15 said it can detract from overall mental health and emotional stability.

“Stress shifts our focus from completing the task at hand to the fear and anxiety about not complet-ing that task,” Gottlieb said. “Stress distracts us.”

Hoping to combat negative per-ceptions of stress, Salovey, Crum and Achor drew from the work of Yale researcher Jeremy Gray whose 2008 study published in the jour-nal Psychological Science showed that students were able to raise their scores on the Graduate Record Examinations when taking the test under high-pressure conditions.

A 2012 survey conducted by the American Psychological Associa-tion showed 33 percent of Americans have never discussed stress manage-ment techniques with their health care providers.

Contact EMMA GOLDBERG at emma.goldberg@yale.edu .

BY MAREK RAMILOSTAFF REPORTER

Yale researchers have identified a population of cells that eventually develop into adipocytes, or the cells that make up fat tissue.

A study led by Ryan Berry GRD ’15 and associate research scientist Matthew Rodehe!er from the Yale School of Medicine determined that a specific type of cell, the CD24+ cell, differentiates into fat cells in mice. This development answers many questions regarding the ori-gins of body fat, which is the key fac-tor in highly prevalent conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Berry and Rodehe!er published their find-ings in the Feb. 24 online issue of the journal Nature Cell Biology.

“One of the things that hadn’t been figured out is exactly what the cell lineage is, or ‘Where do fat cells come from in the body?’ The whole point of this paper was to nail down and identify what cells actually make the fat cells in the body,” Rodehe!er said.

For the study, which occurred over roughly two and a half years, Rode-heffer and Berry marked one cell population in each mouse subject with fluorescent proteins. Over time, the researchers were able to identify which group of cells eventually dif-ferentiated into adipocytes by look-ing for fluorescence in the fat tis-sue that developed in each mouse. Ultimately, it was the mice in which CD24+ cells — cells that express the PDGF receptor alpha — were tagged

that showed fluorescence in their adipose tissue, and further tests confirmed that these cells did indeed develop into fat cells.

“By showing that adipocytes derive from cells that express PDGF receptor alpha, we can actually look at what genes those specific cell types express and potentially modu-late how fat is formed or to activate or deactivate these cells from being able to di!erentiate to form new adi-pocytes,” Berry said.

The implications of this study are far-reaching, researchers said. By understanding the original form from which fat cells develop, researchers can now investigate and potentially decelerate the processes by which fat grows, Berry said. Con-versely, there also is the possibility of synthesizing fat tissue for the sake of reconstructive surgery in a process similar to culturing skin cells to cre-ate skin grafts.

“What’s really of interest is what actually activates these precur-sor cell populations. We know that when you place animals on a high-fat diet, they grow, they get overweight just like humans do when they eat too many calories,” Berry said when asked about the next steps in this study. “We’re actually probing to ask the question of what exactly in high-fat diets activates these cell popula-tions and leads to accumulation of adipose tissue.”

Professor Robert Farese of the University of California, San Fran-cisco’s Diabetes Center, who worked with Yale researchers who analyzed

fat stor-age methods, said Berry and Rodehef-fer’s work will be impor- t a n t in the quest to understand adipo-genesis, the full process by which fat cells are synthesized.

“We know that increases in fat leading to obesity involves both growing existing fat cells and mak-ing new fat cells. To understand how they are made anew, we have to understand where they come from. So, this paper is an important step,” Farese said.

More than one-third of adults in the United States are considered

o b e s e , according to the Centers for Dis-ease Control and Pre-vention.

Contact MAREK RAMILO at marek.ramilo@yale.edu .

THAO DO

KAREN TIAN

OSTEOARTHRITIS

risk of osteoarthritis because of the extra weight placed on joints.

genetic.

in the United States have osteoarthritis.

occurs equally in men and women under the age of 55, women account for around 60 percent of those older than 55 with osteoarthritis.

Sources: PubMed Health, Everyday Health

When healthy people get a low dose of ketamine, it produces behavioral changes resembling schizophrenia.

JOHN KRYSTAL MED ’84Chair, Department of Psychiatry

Our research showed that stress can lead to enhanced psychological growth and productivity.

ALIA CRUM GRD ’12Adjunct professor, Columbia Business School

PFCs linked to osteoarthritis

FOTIS BOBOLAS/CREATIVE COMMONS

The study examined the role of the anesthetic ketamine in disrupting the brain’s NMDA receptors, which have been linked to thought disorders.

HELLERHOFF/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

Higher exposure levels to PFCs, a family of chemicals found in many everyday prod-ucts, was associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis in women.

Stress may o!er workplace benefits

together with $3.3 million in state funding and $9.4 million worth of cuts, create a balanced school sys-tem budget, NHPS administrators said.

“We are very proud and con-fident in the work we’ve done to manage the costs and expenses of the Board of Education and to seek additional sources of reve-nue and resources in order to be as self-sustaining and self-su!-cient as possible,” said Clark, who called the budget a “working doc-ument.”

Clark said that the NHPS is pursuing new sources of grant funding in light of losing some of its former grant-based revenue. He explained that even though it has found some new grants, the net change in grant income is still negative.

On top of decreasing revenue from grants, the NHPS has to deal with increasing costs in person-nel salaries and special education transportation.

Members of the Board of Edu-cation questioned cuts proposed in the draft budget at the Monday meeting.

Alex Johnston, a board mem-ber, raised concerns over a pro-posed $1 million cut in school equipment funding. Clark explained that grant money will still cover some school equip-ment, mitigating the impact of those cuts, and that the NHPS is also finding creative ways to make greater use of the existing equip-ment while coordinating e"orts to share equipment among other schools.

Elizabeth Torres, also a mem-ber of the board, asked Clark why the NHPS cut $55,000 and $4,500 from both parent engagement

and communications, respec-tively. In response to Torres, Clark explained that in designing the budget, his team had to weigh dif-ferent cuts.

“One can make an argument about just about every line, and I’d agree with all of them,” Clark said. “Frankly, every line needs more money.”

Clark also added that there is flexibility built into the bud-get, and that if the NHPS is under budget in one area, it can use the extra money to supplement dif-ferent programs or initiatives — for example, if the school system has extra money from payments to part-time sta", the NHPS can use that money for more parent engagement.

Clark explained that the budget process is ongoing and constantly accounting for new develop-ments, and when board member Susan Samuels asked whether the budget considered that some funds may fall through, Clark said there are clear contingency plans.

Mayor John DeStefano Jr. — who also serves on the Board of Education and called the pro-posed budget document “far superior” to those of the past — said that the NHPS budget will also be impacted by the final Con-necticut state and New Haven city budgets. Governor Dannel Mal-

loy’s proposed state budget would increase education funding for New Haven schools by $3.3 mil-lion, but NHPS will face di!cult decisions about cuts, nonethe-less.

Reginald Mayo, the current

superintendent of NHPS, sug-gested that the board should start looking at certain school posi-tions early and assess whether or not they can be cut.

“This budget will be a bal-ancing act from day one. Even

with the requested increase from the city, New Haven Pub-lic Schools will be forced to make difficult decisions about where to make cuts that will have the least impact on services for our students,” Mayo said in a press

release.DeStefano’s budget is due to

the Board of Aldermen this com-ing Friday.

Contact DIANA LI at diana.li@yale.edu .

FROM THE FRONTPAGE 8 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

“The philosophy of the school room in one generation will be the philosophy of govern-ment in the next.” ABRAHAM LINCOLN 16TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

SCHOOL BUDGET FROM PAGE 1

Clark defends school budget cuts

This budget will be a balancing act from day one.

REGINALD MAYOSuperintendent, New Haven Public

Schools

DIANA LI/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

NHPS Superintendent Reginald Mayo, Board of Education President Carlos Torre and board member Elizabeth Torres reviewed the new school budget.

recycleyourydndaily recycleyourydndaily recycleyourydndaily recycleyourydndaily recycleyourydndaily recycleyourydndaily

BULLETIN BOARDYALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 9

Partly sunny, with a high near 43.

Northeast wind 6 to 11 mph becoming southeast in the

afternoon.

High of 40, low of 36.

High of 46, low of 33.

TODAY’S FORECAST TOMORROW THURSDAY

CROSSWORDLos Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis

FOR RELEASE FEBRUARY 26, 2013

ACROSS1 Leftover bit6 Kitchen meas.

10 Highland tongue14 Thrill to pieces15 Commuter’s

option16 Cuts short17 “Understood!”18 Egg on19 Debt-heavy corp.

takeovers20 Pittsburgh fan

base, collectively23 A pop24 Confirmation or

bar mitzvah25 Tons of, casually27 Philatelist’s pride31 Pet welfare org.32 Tie up loose

ends?33 Shed a few tears34 “Bus Stop”

playwright37 Radar’s favorite

drink40 Butter on the

farm?43 Windy City trains45 Solemn

promises49 Annual political

speech54 Appeared on TV55 Penlight batteries56 AFL affiliate57 Commercial

interruptionsliterally found inthis puzzle’sthree otherlongest answers

61 Just as you see it62 City near

Sacramento63 Young neigh

sayers65 Adjust, as strings66 Close67 Slippery as __68 Israel’s only

female primeminister

69 Nile threats70 Toy bear named

for a presidentDOWN

1 Line piece: Abbr.2 Places to hide

skeletons?3 Dilapidated

dwelling

4 End in __: comeout even

5 He refused togrow up

6 Faithfullyfollowing

7 Oil units8 Talk with one’s

hands9 Earnest request

10 Nixon attorneygeneralRichardson

11 Like some ofMichaelJackson’s moves

12 Advertiser13 Twisty curve21 DMV certificate22 Dr. Mom’s

specialty23 “This is your brain

on drugs,” e.g.26 Unspecified

quantity28 12th century

opener29 Deighton who

wrote the “Hook,Line and Sinker”trilogy

30 40-Across mate35 Prefix with

thermal36 Santa’s helper

38 Pet on your lap,maybe

39 Author Fleming40 Cape Town’s

country: Abbr.41 Being debated42 Bond’s is shaken,

not stirred44 Comedy genre46 Got a giggle out of47 Raised, as a flag48 Nestlé’s __-Caps50 Movie trailer, e.g.

51 Boston summerhrs.

52 Nuns’ clothing53 Kernel holder58 Rick’s love in

“Casablanca”59 Fireworks

responses60 Top-shelf61 Way to check

your balance,briefly

64 Sneaky

Monday’s Puzzle SolvedBy Marti DuGuay-Carpenter 2/26/13

(c)2013 Tribune Media Services, Inc. 2/26/13

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DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

SCIENCE HILL BY SPENCER KATZ

ZERO LIKE ME BY REUXBEN BARRIENTES

THAT MONKEY TUNE BY MICHAEL KANDALAFT

5 2 9 37 3 2

8 3 6 59 8 4

3 8 4 9 1 7 54 7 1 5 9

9 6 44 1 3 8

1 9 2 5 3

SUDOKU EASY

ON CAMPUSTUESDAY, FEBRUARY 266:30 PM Navigating The College Admissions Journey This is a free workshop which will cover strategies for successfully navigating the college application process and helping students make the most of their college experience. Free and open to the general public. Presented by Eric Dobler, the founder and president of Dobler College Consulting, an independent college counseling firm. Huntington Branch Library (41 Church St.).

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 277:00 PM Project Bright Solar Energy Training Are you interested in solar energy? Do you want to be able to answer, for any location: How much energy can we produce? How much will it cost? If so, come to Project Bright’s free solar energy workshops and learn about science, finance, policy and solar energy in the developing world. There will also be an exciting speaker series, with notable personalities from all across the solar world. Linsly-Chittenden Hall (63 High St.), Room 211.

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 284:30 PM “Dueling Sounds, Contending Tones: The Pronunciation Wars of the 1920s in China” Janet Chen of Princeton University will discuss research from a new book titled “The Sounds of Mandarin: The Making of a National Language in China and Taiwan, 1913–1965.” Sponsored by the Council on East Asian Studies. Free and open to the general public. Luce Hall (34 Hillhouse Ave.), Room 202.

5:30 PM “The New Era for Modern and Contemporary Art at the Gallery” In this Yale University Art Gallery reopening lecture, Jennifer R. Gross, the Seymour H. Knox Jr. curator of modern and contemporary art, will address the current reinstallation of works from that department. She will focus on the e!ect that the gallery expansion will have on the modern and contemporary art collection’s future. Yale University Art Gallery (1111 Chapel St.).

SUBMIT YOUR EVENTS ONLINEyaledailynews.com/events/submit

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CLASSICAL MUSIC 24 Hours a Day. 98.3 FM, and on the web at WMNR.org. “Pledges accepted: 1-800-345-1812”Tuesday is Opera night!

NATION & WORLDPAGE 10 YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

Dow Jones 13,784.17, -1.55% S&P 500 1,487.85, -1.83%

10-yr. Bond 1.90%, -0.07NASDAQ 3,116.25, -1.44%

Euro $1.31, 0.20Oil $92.23, -0.95%

BY JIM KUHNHENN AND ANDREW TAYLOR ASSOCIATED PRESS

WASHINGTON — Who’ll be the first to feel the sting?

Jobless Americans who have been out of work for a long time and local governments that are paying o! loans to fix roads and schools are in tough spots when it comes to the automatic federal budget cuts that are scheduled to kick in Friday.

About 2 million long-term unemployed people could see checks now averaging $300 a week reduced by about $30. There could also be reductions in federal payments that subsi-dize clean energy, school con-struction and state and local public works projects. Low-income Americans seeking heat-ing assistance or housing or other aid might encounter lon-ger waits.

Government employees could get furlough notices as early as next week, though cuts in their work hours won’t occur until April.

The timing of the “seques-ter” spending cuts has real con-sequences for Americans, but it also has a political ramifications. How quickly and fiercely the public feels the cuts could deter-mine whether President Barack Obama and lawmakers seek to replace them with a different deficit reduction plan.

Eager to put pressure on Republican lawmakers to accept his blend of targeted cuts and tax increases, Obama has been high-lighting the impact of the auto-matic cuts in grim terms. He did it again on Monday, declaring the threat of the cuts is already harming the national economy.

Republicans say he is exagger-ating and point to rates of spend-ing, even after the cuts, that would be higher than in 2008 when adjusted for inflation. All Obama has to do to avoid the damage, House Speaker John Boehner said at the Capitol, is agree to the GOP’s recom-mended spending cuts — with no tax increases.

By all accounts, most of the pain of the $85 billion in spend-ing reductions to this year’s fed-eral budget would be slow in coming. The dire consequences that Obama o"cials say Ameri-cans will encounter — from air-port delays and weakened bor-ders to reduced parks programs and shuttered meatpacking plants — would unfold over time as furloughs kick in and agencies begin to adjust to their spending reductions.

“These impacts will not all be felt on day one,” Obama acknowledged in a meeting with governors at the White House on Monday. “But rest assured, the uncertainty is already having an e!ect.”

Budget cuts to hit jobless, cities BY RYAN LUCAS

ASSOCIATED PRESS

BEIRUT— Syria said Monday it is pre-pared to hold talks with armed rebels bent on overthrowing President Bashar Assad, the clearest signal yet that the regime is growing increasingly nervous about its long-term prospects to hold onto power as opposition fighters make slow but persis-tent headway in the civil war.

Meanwhile, the umbrella group for Syr-ian opposition parties said it had reversed a decision to boycott a conference in Rome being held to drum up financial and polit-ical support for the opposition. Walid al-Bunni, a spokesman for the Syrian National Coalition, said the move came after a phone call between the group’s leader, Mouaz al-Khatib, and U.S. Secre-tary of State John Kerry.

Al-Bunni told pan-Arab broadcaster Al-Arabiya the decision was made based on guarantees al-Khatib heard from West-ern diplomats that the conference would be di!erent this time. He did not elaborate. The boycott had put the group at odds with its Western backers.

The Syrian talks o!er, made by Foreign Minister Walid al-Moallem during a visit to Moscow, came hours before residents of Damascus and state-run TV reported a huge explosion and a series of smaller blasts in the capital, followed by heavy gunfire.

State-run news agency SANA said there were multiple casualties from the explo-sion, which it said was a suicide car bomb-ing. Britain-based activist group the Syr-ian Observatory for Human Rights said the explosions targeted a checkpoint, add-ing there were initial reports of at least five regime forces killed and several wounded.

The talks proposal marked the first time that a high-ranking regime official has stated publicly that Damascus would be willing to meet with the armed opposition. But al-Moallem did not spell out whether rebels would first have to lay down their weapons before negotiations could begin — a crucial sticking point in the past.

The regime’s proposal is unlikely to lead to talks. The rebels battling the Syrian mil-itary have vowed to stop at nothing less than Assad’s downfall and are unlikely to agree to sit down with a leader they accuse

of mass atrocities.But the timing of the proposal suggests

the regime is warming to the idea of a set-tlement as it struggles to hold territory and claw back ground it has lost to the rebels in the nearly 2-year-old conflict.

Opposition fighters have scored sev-eral tactical victories in recent weeks, cap-turing the nation’s largest hydroelectric dam and overtaking air bases in the north-east. In Damascus, they have advanced from their strongholds in the suburbs into neighborhoods in the northeast and south-ern rim of the capital, while peppering the center of the city with mortar rounds for days.

Monday night’s explosion struck about 800 yards from Abbasid Square, a land-mark plaza in central Damascus. It was followed by several other smaller blasts thought to be mortar shells landing in var-ious districts of the capital. The blasts and subsequent gunfire caused panic among

residents who hid in their apartments.On Thursday, a car bomb near the rul-

ing Baath Party headquarters in Damascus killed at least 53 people, according to state media.

While the momentum appears to be shifting in the rebels’ direction, the regime’s grip on Damascus remains firm, and Assad’s fall is far from imminent.

Still, Monday’s o!er to negotiate with the armed opposition — those whom Assad referred to only in January as “murder-ous criminals” and refused to talk with — reflects the regime’s realization that in the long run, its chances of keeping its grip on power are slim.

Asked about al-Moallem’s remarks, U.S. State Department spokesman Patrick Ventrell said the o!er of talks was a posi-tive step “in the context of them raining Scuds down on their own civilians.” But he expressed caution about the seriousness of the o!er.

Syria prepared for talks with rebels

CHARLES DHARAPAK/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano and White House Press Secretary Jay Carney speak about the impending federal spending cuts.

HUSSEIN MALLA/ASSOCIATED PRESS

A Syrian boy walks past a destroyed house which was damaged from the shelling of Syrian government forces.

SPORTS “Excellence is not a singular act but a habit. You are what you do repeatedly.” SHAQUILLE O’NEAL, AMERICAN RETIRED BASKETBALL PLAYER

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com PAGE 11

atmosphere to compete in, and it was the most fans I’ve seen out in my three years on the team,” Seideman said. “It was a very enjoyable match in that way.”

Hamilton added the team was “motivated by the support” of friends, fans and family who came to watch.

“I thought we did a good job this weekend staying tough in our matches and executing what we have been working on,” she said. “We were all really excited about Student Day on Friday, and it was great having fans behind us.”

On Sunday, the Bulldogs took down Miami (4–7, 0–0 Mid-American), 6–1. The team retained the doubles pairings used on Friday and stormed all

three of its doubles matches. Strongholds Epstein and Sul-livan took an 8–1 win at No. 2, while Hamilton and Li won 7–3 in the tiebreak after an 8–7 battle in the No. 1 spot. At No. 3, Seideman and Yu overcame tough competition to win 8–6.

Having secured the dou-bles point, the Elis contin-ued to dominate in singles play. Hamilton and Epstein com-fortably won 6–2, 6–1 and 6–1, 6–1 in the No. 1 and No. 2 spots, respectively. At No. 3, Seide-man was dealt a 7–5, 6–4 loss by Nimisha Mohan, but Sulli-van notched her sixth straight match in singles play. She remains undefeated this sea-son after winning a hard-hitting three-set match 7–5, 2–6, 7–6 — proving her mettle with a 7–0 score in the third set tiebreak.

“We did a great job this week-end. A lot of us fought really hard in our matches, and espe-cially some of us had a tough time, but we really battled, and we proved that we are a tough team mentally and physically,” Sullivan said.

The Bulldogs, currently ranked No. 23 in the nation, are not scheduled to play next weekend, but will return March 9 when they host St John’s.

Contact JASMINE HORSEY at jasmine.horsey@yale.edu .

Sachvie. The Bulldogs’ only other loss came at No. 7 when Eric Caine ’14 fell to Geo!rey Keating.

The long-awaited rematch against the Trinity Bantams took place the next morning. Amidst very vocal Trin-ity fans, the Bulldogs fell 7–2 in the sec-ond round of play. Yale did not go down without a fight, bringing five of the nine matches to four or more games.

Robinson had a particularly excit-ing match, which dragged out until the final point, but ended up falling 3–2 to

Juan Vargas. The two wins for the Bull-dogs came at the No. 3 and No. 4 spots. Dodd crushed his opponent in three easy games, the last in 11–4.

The final round of play on Sunday ended with a No. 4 finish for the Bull-dogs, a position predicted by the team’s No. 4 tournament seed. The 6–3 loss to Princeton mirrors the score of the Tigers’ victory over Yale just three weeks prior. Although the Elis were unable to overcome their seed, Chan said the title could have gone to any of the top six teams in attendance.

“It’s been incredible playing with Hywel, Richard, Kenneth and Sam [Haig ’13] these past three years. They have been consummate student athletes and role models on and o! the court,’ Caine said. “The Yale squash program owes each of them an enormous debt for everything they’ve helped us achieve.”

The CSA Individual Championships will take place March 1–3 at Trinity in Hartford, Conn.

Contact ADLON ADAMS at adlon.adams@yale.edu .

ishes, the team placed fourth in four di!erent events. In the shot put, Kar-leh Wilson ’16 threw 13.80m to secure a fourth-place finish. The 4x440-yard relay team, composed of Rue, Kelsey Lin ’14, Shannon McDonnell ’16 and Emily Cable ’15, finished in 3:51.99, nearly 8 seconds behind the winning Cornell squad. McDonnell also took fourth place in the 800m, running 2:15.64 to finish just under two and a half seconds behind first place.

Finally, Amanda Snajder ’15 took fourth in the pentathlon with an over-all score of 3658. While that mark scored only four points for the Elis on that day, Snajder set a new school record in the event.

“I’d say that breaking the record proved to be a byproduct of me hav-ing a tremendous amount of fun com-peting in each of those events,” Sna-

jder said. “I really had just wanted to represent my team and contribute to our overall score — the record was the bonus that came from doing exactly that.”

On the men’s side of the competi-tion, the Bulldogs also struggled to put points on the board. Despite the disheartening day for the team over-all, several performers provided bright

spots for the squad. James Shirvell ’14 ran 2:26.90 en route to a third-place finish in the 1000m, less than a second and a half o! of first place. The team recorded fifth-place finishes in both the 440-yard relay and the distance medley relay.

Perhaps the most exciting event of the weekend for the Elis was the men’s pole vault, in which they amassed five and a half total points behind the efforts of Brendan Sullivan ’16 and Paul Chandler ’14. Sullivan recorded a vault of 4.70m, good for fourth place, and Chandler tied for fifth place with a vault of 4.60m.

The men’s and women’s track and field teams will continue their seasons next weekend at the IC4A champion-ships at Boston University.

Contact ALEX EPPLER at alexander.eppler@yale.edu .

a single game, putting up 36 for the Bull-dogs against Lafayette during the 2003-’04 season. Prior to last weekend, guard Megan Vasquez ’13 held the No. 2 spot with 28 points in a single game.

“The first half really hurt us in the end. We can’t let people jump out to a lead and play catch-up the whole time,” Halejian

said.On Saturday, Vasquez scored eight of

her 13 points for the night in the first half, contributing to the Bulldogs’ 11-5 run just minutes before heading into the locker room.

After a rough start to the match, Yale trailed by nine at half and managed to tie the game three di!erent times during the second period. Halejian scored 22 of her

points in the final 20 minutes of the game, keeping Bulldog hopes alive. However, in the final five minutes, the Crimson pulled away with a 9-2 run that sealed the vic-tory.

Halejian cut the deficit with a 3-point jumper at the six-second mark, but her e!orts were too late as the clock ran out. Despite the Elis’ three-point loss, they outscored Harvard 40-34 in the second half and shot 39.7 percent from the field overall.

“Coach [Chris] Gobrecht has been tell-ing us that the most important thing is to end good and confident about the whole season,” Halejian said. “We’ve had our ups and downs, but we’re going to go out on a good note.“

Yale will continue conference play this weekend, with only four more regular season games on the team’s schedule.

“We want to play the best basketball we can. We want to finish well and feeling good about ourselves,” Graf said.

The Bulldogs will return to John J. Lee Amphitheater for their final weekend at home to take on Columbia this Friday at 7 p.m. and Cornell on Saturday at 6 p.m. for Senior Night.

Contact Dinee Dorame at

Perfect weekend for the Bulldogs

Tough season continues

Historic night for Halejian

No. 4 finish predicted by seeding

MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

The women’s team scored 19 points to finish in seventh, and the men’s team finished in last place with 15.5 points.

TRACK & FIELD FROM PAGE 12

MEN’S SQUASH FROM PAGE 12

W. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 12

WOMEN’S TENNIS FROM PAGE 12

JENNIFER CHEUNG/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

The No. 4 Yale men’s squash team came away with a fourth-place finish at the CSA National Team Championships over the weekend.

MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Despite Sarah Halejian’s ’15 29-point game, Harvard broke Yale’s three-game winning streak with a 69–66 victory.

Contact DINEE DORAME at dinee.dorame@yale.edu

The Yale squash program owes each of them an enormous debt for everything they’ve helped us achieve.

ERIC CAINE ’14Men’s squash

We came out to a slow start but got back in the game and did everything we could to claw and fight back.

JANNA GRAF ’14Guard, women’s basketball

If it was a perfectly ideal day, where everyone performed at their very best, we could have scored a few more points.

ALLISON RUE ’13Captain, women’s track & field

It definitely was an exciting atmosphere to compete in, and it was the most fans I’ve seen out in my three years on the team.

BLAIR SEIDEMAN ’14Women’s tennis

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IF YOU MISSED IT SCORES

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2013 · yaledailynews.com

THE SCORE THAT THE NO. 23 YALE WOMEN’S TENNIS TEAM RECORDED AGAINST BOSTON UNIVERSITY ON FRIDAY AT THE CULLMAN-HEYMAN TENNIS CENTER. AFTER DROPPING THE FIRST SET IN DOUBLES, THE TEAM REMAINED UNDEFEATED THROUGHOUT THE DAY.

STAT OF THE DAY 7

SOCCERTottenham 3West Ham 2

MLBBaltimore 5New York 1

MLBBoston 4Toronto 2

MLBDetroit 10Philadelphia 1

MLBMinnesota 5Pittsburgh 4

HARVARD’S PINK ZONE EVENTAt a Women’s Basketball Coaches Asso-ciation Pink Zone event on Saturday, Harvard President Drew Faust and wom-en’s basketball coach Kathy Delaney-Smith threw their weight behind the fight again breast cancer, which they have both survived.

THE IVY LEAGUE CELEBRATES BLACK HISTORY MONTHSixteen student-athletes, including football o!ensive lineman Roy Collins and women’s basketball center Zenab Keita from Yale, will share their experi-ences on the conference’s website this month to celebrate African-American culture.

BY JASMINE HORSEYSTAFF REPORTER

The women’s tennis team enjoyed a successful weekend at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Cen-ter, taking down both Boston Uni-versity and Miami University.

On Friday, the Elis (6–1, 0–0 Ivy) delivered a resounding 7–0 victory over the BU Terriers (3–3, 0–0 American East). After a sea-son of experimenting with their doubles lineups, the Bulldogs tried two new combinations: Madeleine Hamilton ’16 and Amber Li ’15, who teamed up for the first time in the No. 1 spot but fell 8–6, and Blair Seideman ’14 and Hanna Yu ’15,

who won comfortably 8–1 at No. 3. Team captain Elizabeth Epstein ’13 and Annie Sullivan ’14 returned to the No. 2 spot to take down the Terriers 8–3 and land the Bulldogs with a confident 2–1 lead heading into singles play.

At No. 1, Hamilton faced a tough opponent in freshman Lauren Davis but prevailed after a first-set tiebreak to notch a 7–6, 6–2 win.

The Bulldogs swept the remainder of their singles matches, and Bos-ton University only managed to win 20 games over five matches, com-pared to 60 by the Elis. A large Yale crowd, which had come to support the team on “Student Day,” cheered the Bulldogs from the stands.

“It definitely was an exciting

Dominant weekend for the BulldogsWOMEN’S TENNIS

SEE WOMEN’S TENNIS PAGE 11SEE MEN’S SQUASH PAGE 11

BRIANNE BOWEN/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

The No. 23 Elis stormed all three of their doubles matches and took down Miami at Ohio 6–1 on Sunday.

BY ADLON ADAMS STAFF REPORTER

In its last competition of the season, the men’s squash squad came away with a fourth place finish at the CSA National Team Cham-pionships.

On Friday, the Brady Squash Center in New Haven hosted 57 squash teams that competed in eight divisions for the team championships. After steam-rolling No. 5 Cornell 7–2, the No. 4 Bulldogs (12-5, 5-2 Ivy) lost a hard-fought match in the semi-finals to No. 1 Trinity, the eventual national champion. On the last day of play, Yale came up against No. 2 Princeton and was not able to come out victorious, end-ing up in fourth after a 6–3 loss.

“We had a great win over Cornell in the first round that gave us a nice confidence boost,” Kenneth Chan ’13 said. “Unfortunately, when we played Trinity, they played better than us that day. Throughout the tournament we played our hearts out and gave it 100 percent. I couldn’t have asked for more from my team-mates.”

The Cornell Big Red fell to the Bulldogs earlier in the season 8–1 on Jan. 12 at home in Ithaca, N.Y. Coming into the championships, Cornell had just finished the regular season with a four-match winning streak and a third place tie with Yale in the Ivy League stand-ings. In the team championships last year, the Big Red knocked the Bulldogs out of conten-tion for the national title in the first round of play at Princeton.

This year, however, Cornell was not so lucky, falling 7–2 to an improved Yale squad. Two of Yale’s three seniors who played against Cornell came out victorious. Team captain Hywel Robinson ’13 and Richard Dodd ’13 both won in three games at the No. 2 and No. 3 spots, respectively, while Chan fell in a tough four-game match against Cornell’s Nicholas

Men’s squash

ends in 4th

BY ALEX EPPLERSTAFF REPORTER

This season has proved to be a try-ing one for members of the Yale men’s and women’s track and field teams, which have battled illness and injury throughout the year.

The teams’ struggles were on dis-play at this weekend’s Ivy League Championships at the Gordon Indoor Track at Harvard. The women’s team scored 19 points to finish in seventh, just above last-place Brown, which tallied 14.5 points. The men’s team limped to a last place finish, amassing only 15.5 points. Cornell captured the men’s crown, scoring 157 points over the course of Saturday and Sunday, while Harvard took the women’s title on its own track with a score of 117.

“I think we were hoping we would do a little better. If it was a perfectly ideal day, where everyone performed at their very best, we could have scored a few more points,” Allison Rue ’13 said. “Still, I was pleased that we at least moved out of last place; we’ve been stuck there for a while, so we’re moving in the right direction.”

Although the women’s team was unable to muster any top-three fin-

Yale struggles at Ivy Championships

SEE TRACK & FIELD PAGE 11

BY DINEE DORAMECONTRIBUTING REPORTER

The women’s basketball team returned from a weekend on the road at both Dart-mouth (6-17, 4-5 Ivy) and Harvard (15-8, 6-3 Ivy) with another career-high performance by guard Sarah Halejian ’15.

After a 66-55 win against the Big Green on Friday night, the Bulldogs (10-14, 5-5 Ivy) traveled to Cambridge, Mass., to try to avenge their loss against the Crimson earlier this sea-son. Despite Halejian’s 29-point game, Har-vard broke Yale’s three-game winning streak with a 69-66 victory.

“We came out to a slow start but got back in the game and did everything we could to claw and fight back. It just didn’t turn out how we wanted it to,” guard Janna Graf ’14 said.

Halejian, the Elis’ leading scorer, was just seven points shy of surpassing Yale’s all-time single game scoring record. Erica David ’07 is the current record holder for points scored in

Elis fall to archrival Crimson

MARIA ZEPEDA/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

The women’s track and field team finished in seventh place with 19 points at this weekend’s Ivy League Championships. SEE WOMEN’S BASKETBALL PAGE 11

MEN’S SQUASH

TRACK & FIELD

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

“I thought we did a good job this weekend staying tough in our matches and execut-ing what we have been working on.”

MADELEINE HAMILTON ’16WOMEN’S TENNIS

WOMEN’S TENNIS