Today is Friday (!),September 18th, 2015

Pre-Class:Today we are reviewing.

Have your questions ready!

Today’s Agenda

• Review• Review• Trains?• Review

Review Game Rules

• I will ask a question to the class.• Each participant (that’s you) writes down the

answer silently.– Not each group…each individual.

• After a few moments, I will say, “Compare answers.”

• Each of you will look at what the other wrote.

Review Game Rules

• Did you each get the right answer?– 2 points.

• Did one of you get the right answer?– 1 point.

• Neither of you?– For shame. 0 points.– And eternal guilt.

Review Game Rules

• The List of Do Nots:– Do not talk to each other, make noises, gesture,

give answers (my discretion here) between when the question has been read and when I say, “Compare answers.”• Doing so will result in a disqualification for that round.

Don’t believe me? Try it.

– Do not fall asleep when I’m getting scores.• If you’re not paying attention, I’m not giving you points.

Review Question 1

• What’s the word used to describe the (relative) ability of organisms to survive and reproduce in a given environment?– Fitness.

Review Question 2

• Which of the following is NOT a selective pressure:A. A desert climateB. A population of predatorsC. A droughtD. A mutation

– A mutation.

Review Question 3

• What is the smallest possible “unit” in which evolution can be observed?A. A reproductive cell (gamete).B. An individual.C. A population.D. A species.

– A population.

Review Question 4

• What does p represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?– The frequency of the dominant allele.

Review Question 5

• Of homologous or analogous, how would you describe the fact that sea turtles and fish both have similar “flippers?”– Analogous. Sea turtles are reptiles and fish are…

fish. So, it’s unlikely that the distant common ancestor between the two evolved flippers and then almost every other reptile lost the adaptation.

Review Question 6

• A forest fire wipes out 64% of a native koala species. Over time, however, the population recovers. What will likely have occurred with respect to the makeup of the new population?– The bottleneck effect.

Review Question 7

• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION• You may wager any/all of your points.• Category: US History

• The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869 when a ceremonial golden spike was driven into the ground, uniting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads. In what state was this connection made?– Promontory, Utah

Review Question 8

• Dogs have 78 chromosomes, while cats have 38 chromosomes. We can’t soon expect to interbreed cats and dogs (to make a CatDog?) because of what is considered _______ isolation, which is a _______ barrier.– gametic … prezygotic

Review Question 9

• Male bowerbirds build elaborate nests decorated with brightly-colored objects and then display them for females as part of courtship. This is an example of… (BE SPECIFIC)– Intersexual selection

Review Question 10

• A population of 10,000 honeybees has 4900 individuals that show the dominant phenotype for increased waggle-dancing. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many individuals are heterozygous for increased waggle-dancing?– 4200 bees.

Review Question 11

• Suppose that members of FarmersOnly.com (a dating site for…farmers only) decide they will only reproduce with other members of site. If we assume that farmers also possess a fictitious “green thumb allele,” the resulting generation(s) are likely to exhibit higher-than-average frequencies of the green thumb allele. How would you describe this phenomenon?– The founder effect.

Review Question 12

• BONUS NON-BIOLOGY QUESTION• You may wager any/all of your points.• Category: Candy

• In 1982, sales of Reese’s Pieces went through the roof. Why?– The release of the movie E.T.

Review Question 13

• Two organisms may be considered the same species, by most definitions, if they are able to do what?– Have fertile offspring.

Review Question 14

• Suppose the construction of a new dam turns the upstream river to form into a large lake. Consequently, a population of tortoises that lived on each side of the river is now broken into two isolated groups. Assuming the water level never goes back down, and with respect to the change in environment, over millions of years we would expect to see…– …allopatric speciation.

Review Question 15

• Use the terms “microevolution” and “macroevolution” to complete this sentence:– Archaeopteryx is considered the first bird, having

been the first reptile to evolve feathers. The appearance of feathers is a case of _______, while the eventual rise of birds is considered _______.

– microevolution … macroevolution

Review Question 16

• In general, intersexual selection typically leads to what kind of response? (directional, diversifying, or stabilizing)– Directional.

Review Question 17

• All domestic dogs are of the species Canis familiaris. Theoretically, all should be able to interbreed, however the physical challenge of a Great Dane and a Chihuahua actually mating is near-impossible to overcome. Therefore, this limitation is an example of a prezygotic barrier known as …?– Mechanical isolation.

Review Question 18

• Balancing selection typically favors which genotype?– Heterozygous (as in heterozygote advantage).

Review Question 19

• If a population of an underwater creature’s phenotypes become progressively lighter as ocean depth decreases (and thus light becomes brighter), you are witnessing what?– A cline.

Review Question 20

• A bottleneck effect-inducing natural disaster reduces a wild horse population by 75%. As the population recovers, genetic variation may further be changed by the random process of what?– Genetic drift.