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Today in Class
• Before lunch – Packet Due– Put your packet on your desk and take
advantage of the time to ask for help and to finish the work.
• After Lunch – Supply—– Costs of Production
– Changers in Supply
Costs of Production
In this lesson, students will identify the various costs of production.
Students will be able to identify and/or define the following terms:
Fixed Costs
Variable Costs
Marginal Product of Labor
A Fixed Cost
• A fixed cost is a cost that does not change much no matter how much is produced.
• An example of a fixed cost is rent.
• Regardless of how many goods a producer sells, the rent must be paid each month. The rent does not change based on the producer’s sales.
A Variable Cost
• A variable cost is a cost that rises or falls based on production.
• An example of a variable cost is the cost of raw materials.
• The more pizzas sold, the more money spent on cheese.
Total Costs
• Fixed costs + variable costs = Total costs
• A producer’s total costs include his fixed costs and his variable costs.
• Therefore, total costs change every month because variable costs change each month.
The Marginal Product of Labor• Businesses can increase output by hiring
more workers.
• The change in output resulting from adding one more worker is the marginal product of labor.
• Thinking at the margins is deciding whether to add or subtract one additional unit.
Increasing Marginal Returns
• Increasing marginal returns occurs when hiring one additional worker increases production.
• Ideally, hiring one additional worker will lead to greater efficiency and production.
• Producers want to increase production.
Diminishing Marginal Returns
• Diminishing marginal returns occurs when hiring one additional worker decreases production.
• Think about it. If you hire too many workers, there will not be enough machines or equipment to keep everyone busy. Some workers will have nothing to do or get in the way of other workers.