Today, I will model your upcoming presentation for you… So pay attention to process as much as

product This powerpoint and the readings are on

raidernet under documents HW – reading on the debate about Teacher

Merit Pay System

1. The Purpose of Education2. Education’s effect on income3. Access to education4. Achievement Gap5. Educational Funding6. Federal Initiatives7. Where should the

government invest?8. Teacher Merit Pay System

of Education

Why do humans have education systems?

What do you think is the purpose of education in the US?

Social Reproduction - processes which sustain or perpetuate characteristics of a given social structure or tradition over a period of time

Social Revolution – upset the existing socio-economic structures by using education to achieve equal opportunity and egalitarian ideals

“Schools are central in the production and maintenance of social inequality. Extentsive research on the relationship between education and social stratification has underscored a host of organizational, institutional, and psychosocial mechanisms through which contemporary pedagogy perpetuates an inequitable distribution of educational credentials, and the economic and social rewards that accompany them. Social class is the crucial axis along which such disadvantage, or privilege, is continually reinforced. Students from divergent class backgrounds encounter very different educational opportunities and experiences, follow distinct academic and professional trajectories, and are accordingly channeled into dissimilar positions within the social hierarchy.”

-Butler and Robson (2005)

How does education level affect future income?

Human Capital versus Signaling Why do people with higher education levels

generally get higher paying jobs? Human capital theorists = workers have enhanced

abilities, skills and knowledge, making them better suited for higher paying jobs

Signaling theorists = the education attainment (degree) signals to employers that worker has been certified for high ability and the motivation to get degree (but not necessarily the skills and knowledge)

Access to Education

How has the cost of college risen compared to the rise in income?

How does the cost of college affect access to it for different SES groups?

Sallie Mae/Gallup report

What does this chart teach us about how post-secondary students pay for their educations?

“College in Need Closes a Door to Needy Students”

New York TimesBy JONATHAN D. GLATERPublished: June 9, 2009

“The admissions team at Reed College, known for its free-spirited students, learned in March that the prospective freshman class it had so carefully composed after weeks of reviewing essays, scores and recommendations was unworkable. Money was the problem. Too many of the students needed financial aid, and the school did not have enough. So the director of financial aid gave the team another task: drop more than 100 needy students before sending out acceptances, and substitute those who could pay full freight…”

“Race” and College

K-12 EDUCATION

Achievement GapGaps exist in students’ achievement on standardized exams, determined by class and “race”

Achievement gap by Race

Dropout Rates

How does Florida compare?

Florida Schools - Facts 67 school districts 3,990 traditional public schools 389 charter schools 7 university research schools 2,628,754 public school students 328,953 full-time employees

58% instructional staff, 39% support, 3% administrative $22.2 billion budget in 2010 How do you think FL rank in comparison to other

states in per pupil expenditure in their public schools?

2005-6

How does the US rank?

Federal Education Initiatives

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) - $787 billion - included $10 billion to improve public schools, including $4.35 billion for “Race to the Top Fund”

Race to the Top: “a competitive grant program designed to encourage and reward States that are creating the conditions for education innovation and reform; achieving significant improvement in student outcomes…

Florida will receive $600 million to “support education jobs” in 2010-11Miami-Dade expects to receive $40 millionExpected to save 9,000-25,000 teacher jobs state wide

Funding Public Schools in Florida

Approximately 48% local (property tax), 40% state (sales tax, lottery), 12% federal.

State Distribution: Florida Education Finance Program (FEFP) – “established state policy on equalized funding to guarantee to each student in the Florida public education system the availability of programs and services…”

2010 State spending & deficit in billions[7]

Total spending

Pension

Health care

Education

Welfare Protection

Transport Deficit Budget

gap

$67.4 $7.1 $22.4 $8.9 $6.1 $5.7 $7.5 $55.9 $0.81

2010 Local spending & deficit in billions[7] Total spending Pension Health

care Education

Welfare Protection

Transport Deficit

$112 $1 $10 $37 $5 $16 $9 $105

Where should tax dollars be spent to improve achievement? Smaller class sizes through hiring more teachers Hire teachers with advanced degrees Raise teacher pay Professional development for teachers Pay teachers more who work in more challenging schools Improve school buildings and grounds Enhance technology More and better books and libraries Pre-k, after school, and summer programs Focus $ into low income and minority population schools Improve communities and work with families Pay Students for grades

One Florida Initiative Teacher Merit Pay – paying teachers based on

performance, not necessarily on tenure or degreesVetoed by governor Crist

Questions What makes some teachers better than others? Does incentive work in the teaching profession? How? How do we measure good teaching? Who measures

it? How do we know when a student has become

educated better? How do we compare 2 teachers in very different

schools and classrooms? Special ed teachers?

Miami herald Article http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/04/15/1581083/

gov-charlie-crist-vetoes-teacher.html