Tobacco

Prepared by Mr. Shoup 2015

Tobacco History

• Mayan Indians used tobacco• Huron Indians introduced tobacco to the white

man.• Christopher Columbus 1492, brought back to the

New World• Jean Nicot 1850 wrote about the effects of

nicotine on the human, French Ambassador to Portugal in 1850.

• King James the 1st Opposed tobacco use-taxed tobacco 4,000%

History Continued

• Sir Walter Raleigh• John Rolfe-1612 Jamestown Colony-state of

Virginia today-Cash Crop 1614-1620• 1791 Tobacco account for 1/5th of American

Exports• 1871-1st Surgeon General was founded-means

Chief Surgeon, Maine Hospital Services.• 1957 Surgeon General Leroy Burney Declared

related tobacco smoking to lung cancer.

History Continued• 1962-1st General Surgeon Panel-10 people• 1964-First Surgeon Report to Congress-reported

on a Saturday so it would not affect the stock market and to maximize report to a Sunday newspaper.

• 1967-Air Time for Anti Cigarette Commercials• 1969-Surgeon General Report to Health

Consequences of Smoking• 1970-Cigarette advertisements banned on TV and

radio.• 1972-Report on Involuntary Smoke Health Risks

History Continued

• 1977-Great American Smoke Out Day-• 1979-Surgeon General-Richmond Healthy

People: Report on Health and Disease Prevention• 1980- Surgeon General Report-Health

Consequences of Smoking for Women and Pregnancy.

• 1980-1986-More reports to health concerns.• 1984-Federal Cigarette labeling and advertising

Act was passed by Congress-Known additives in tobacco.

History Continued

• 1986-Surgeon General-Koop’s Report on Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoke

• 1986-1st Warning on chewing tobacco cans and packages.

• 1988-Airlines Restrictions to smoking on planes-2hour flights or less no smoking.

• 1990-Airlines restrict smoking on planes-6hurs or less.

• Later no smoking at all on all plane trips.

History Continued

• 1982-Environmental Protection Agency-placed ETS as a major carcinogen-workplace and federal.

• 1982-Nicotne patches• 1993-Tar Labelled as a “CLASS A” carcinogen• 1994-Youth Smoking and Effects• 1996-Nicotine Gum and Patches-OTC approved• 1997-Minimum age to be 18 years of age and with at

least two proofs or more to sell.• 1963 The first known person on record to have the

idea for an electronic smoking device was Herbert A. Gilbert. In 2003 E-Cigarettes become more popular. 2013 E-Cigarettes take off

History Continued• 1998-46 states of the 50 settle tobacco lawsuit that includes 246 billion

dollars. 50 million enforcement fund to ensure compliances with the agreement.

1. Bans the use of cartoon characters in advertisement for example buses and taxi’s etc.

2. Prohibits most outdoor brand advertisements, including billboards and signs and placards in arenas stadiums, malls, and video game arcades.

3. Bans transit advertisement-taxi’s and buses.4. Prohibits tobacco companies from paying for products placement in movies,

television shows and other performances or video games.5. Bans distribution to the general public of merchandise, such as caps, shirts,

and backpacks, bearing tobacco brand names and logos6. Bans the manufacturers from distributing free samples of tobacco products,

except in adult only facilities.

• 100 million dollars to Youth Smoking Prevention Program Department.

History Continued

• 1999 Cigarette advertisements toward female smokers• 2000-”03 The Target Market Program-anti smoking

programs on TV.• 2001 New National Cancer Institute study on light and

low tar cigarettes-”Deceptive”• 2002 NYS increase the taxes on cigarettes to $1.50 a

pack.• 2004-NYS receives 37 million from tobacco lawsuit-

state is failing to provide tobacco money for education and medical technology.

• 2004-CDC most states are failing to put lawsuit money to education use.

History Continues• 2002-2004- Tobacco companies increase

marketing of tobacco by 66% from 11.45 billion dollars to 31.4 million dollars per day advertisement of tobacco.

• 2010 Healthy People –objectives is to reduce tobacco use and disease to school age students and adults.

• 2013-14 CVS stops selling tobacco products

NYS Tobacco Taxes• New York is the highest net importer of smuggled

cigarettes -- illegal smokes account for 56.9 percent of the state's total market.

• New York State also imposes an excise tax on tobacco products at the following rates:

• 75% of the wholesale price on cigars and tobacco products (other than little cigars and snuff)

• $4.35 per twenty little cigars; and • $2 per container of snuff one ounce or less, and $2 per

ounce and a proportionate rate on any fractional amount thereof for containers with more than one ounce.

• New York's cigarettes tax is $4.35 per pack, the country's highest.

• New York City to $5.85.

• Chapter 59 of the Laws of 2013 (Part O) amended Article 20 of the Tax Law to increase the penalty for possession of unstamped or unlawfully stamped packages of cigarettes.

Indian Nations or others:• Effective June 1, 2013, in addition to any other penalties imposed

under the cigarette tax, the Tax Department is authorized to impose a penalty of not more than $600 for each carton (200 cigarettes) or fraction of a carton of unstamped or unlawfully stamped packages of cigarettes in the possession or control of any person. Prior to June 1, 2013, the penalty imposed could not exceed $150 per carton or fraction of a carton.

Tobacco Facts

Facts on Tobacco

580 2014

In the United States, tobacco use kills more than 480,000 people per year — more than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, illegal drugs, murders, and suicides combined. About 50,000 of these deaths result from exposure to secondhand smoke.

480,000 2014

The tobacco industry’s business model about the importance of youth smoking was never put more succinctly than in this 1984 document from an RJ Reynolds tobacco official: “If younger adults turn away from smoking, the industry will decline, just as a population which does not give birth will eventually dwindle.” (“younger adults” was industry code from the mid 1970s for children and young adults, to be used in all written communications) http://blogs.bmj.com/tc/2015/11/13/e-cigarettes-and-children-advocates-walking-on-both-sides-of-the-street/?q=w_tc_blog_sidetab

Tobacco Facts• Tobacco kills more people than:1. Alcohol Abuse2. HIV/AIDS3. Car Accidents4. Illegal Drugs5. Murders6. Suicides7. FiresALL COMBINEDMost smokers begin as children, and 580 kids become regular smokers every day. One in three of them will die an early death as a result. If current rates persist, more than 5.6 million U.S. kids alive today will die prematurely of tobacco-caused diseases

Tobacco Use

• Tobacco comes from the leaves of the Nicotiana Tabacum plant.

• Indians and earlier settlers believed that the exhaled tobacco smoke was capable of carrying one’s thoughts to heaven. More as a incent

• Types of tobacco:• 1. Cigarettes• 2. Chew/Snuff• 3. Pipe• 4. Cigars

http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/

Why People Start?

• Peer Pressure• Social Acceptance-which is decreasing• To Reduce Stress• Mom, Dad or older sibling smokes• Advertisements/Media• To suppress appetite• For pleasure• 3 out of 4 smokers that say they will quit in 5 years

DO NOT QUIT! Including pregnant females 2 to 3 out of 10 pregnant mothers will quit smoking during pregnancy. That means 7or 8 out of 10 will still smoke

Four Main Components of Tobacco

• 400 chemicals before tobacco burns• 7,000 chemicals when tobacco burns, use to be 4,000 • 80% of the above chemicals (7,000) are known to cause cancer• 200 poisons• 60-69 Carcinogens• 562-599 additives that could be added to tobacco products so you enjoy

their product.• Some of the ingredients found in tobacco smoke are: acetone-nail polish,

arsenic-rat poison, butane-cigarette lighter fluid, Benzene-a solvent found in pesticides and gasoline, cadmium-rechargeable batteries, Formaldehyde-preservative-body tissue, hydrogen cyanide-gas chamber poison, methane-swamp gas, naphthalene-mothballs, nitrobenzene-gas additive, nitrous oxide phenols-disinfectant, stearic acid-candle wax, toluene-industrial solvent, vinyl chloride-makes PVC pipes, methanol-rocket fuel, bees wax, different plant oils, juices, urea-urine, vinegar, and many more

Tobacco Ingredients.

1.Nicotine-the only drug of tobacco• a very strong poison. Used in insecticides• Stimulant-a drug that increases the central nervous

system• Vaso-Constrictor-blood vessels get smaller• Addiction- could occur with the first cigarette• 250 hits off a cigarettes per day-1pack per day ave.• Increase heart rate-16xs+ more per minute.• Increase blood pressure• Increases chances for heart attacks and strokes 4-

25xs greater risk.

Ingredients continued

• Carbon Monoxide (CO1)-colorless, odorless gas• Poisonous gas• Steals oxygen from the blood• Increases carbon dioxide in the blood• Creates a term called-carboxyhemoglobin• Aids in blood clots.• Increases the risk for blood clots, heart attacks

and strokes.

Tobacco IngredientsAmmonia:• Main irritant• Slows down cilia action-paralyzes the cilia• Tobacco companies add ammonia to the tobacco product to

increase nicotine levels inhaled per puff-addiction faster.• Irritant to eyes and nose-itchy eyes, sneezeTar: 1 pack a day smoker would inhale 1 quart jar of tar per yr.• Dark brown/blackish sticky substance• Tobacco must burn to create• Main carcinogen-cancer causing agent. Class A• Promotes abnormal growth of cells tumors and cancer• Other chemicals radio active components-polonium 210 and

radon

Long Term effects of tobacco use• Leading cause of early death-heart attacks and cancer• Money-finance• Bad Breath-Halitosis• Stained teeth, fingers and finger nails• Wrinkles• Tooth Loss/tooth decay-sugar in tobacco and from the chemicals breaking

down your gums-periodontal tissue disease• Gum disease• Heart Diseases• Cancers• COPD-bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer• Burnt furniture, car seats, clothing• Prone to more sickness-decreases immune system• Impairs sense of smell and taste• Smokers Cough• Smell of clothing, car, and house

9 out of 10 deaths from lung cancer

3 out of 10 deaths from all cancers

8 out of 10 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as emphysema

3 out of 10 deaths from heart disease

Smoking causes:

Long Term Effects of Smoking

Smokeless Tobacco: Snuff/Chew• Chew-made from tobacco leaves mixed with honey and

molasses.• Placed in the mouth between the cheek, gum and teeth• Higher levels of nitrosamines-co-carcinogen• Snuff-ground up tobacco leaves in a can• Placed between cheek and gum• 1 can is like smoking 50-60 cigarettes to nicotine

consumption• Higher level of nitrosamines-co-carcinogens• NO TAR-not burning• Drug-Nicotine in liquid form, not gas• Nicotine the addictive drug of smokeless tobacco

Smokeless Tobacco

• 16% of all males between 12-17 use smokeless tobacco products.

• 60% of smokeless tobacco users started by the age of 13.

• The nitrosamines in snuff/chew are at a higher concentration than in a cigarette, cigar, or pipe tobacco users.

Effects of Smokeless Tobacco• Leukoplakia• Gingivitis/gum recession• Oral Cancers-lip, tongue, cheek 50xs greater • Bad breath-Halitosis• Tooth Decay-from the sugar added in the tobacco• Stained teeth• Stomach ulcers• Decrease sense of taste and smell• Digestive Cancers• Increase heart rate and blood pressure from nicotine• Still constricts blood vessels-nicotine vaso-constrictor• Addiction-liquid state now

Leukoplakia

Oral Cancer-Cheek

Benefits to Quitting• 20 minutes after quitting• Your heart rate and blood pressure drop.• (Effect of smoking on arterial stiffness and pulse pressure amplification, Mahmud A, Feely J. Hypertension. 2003:41:183)• 12 hours after quitting• The carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal.• (US Surgeon General’s Report, 1988, p. 202)

• 2 weeks to 3 months after quitting• Your circulation improves and your lung function increases.• (US Surgeon General’s Report, 1990, pp.193, 194,196, 285, 323)

• 1 to 9 months after quitting• Coughing and shortness of breath decrease; cilia (tiny hair-like structures that move mucus out of the

lungs) start to regain normal function in the lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce the risk of infection.

• (US Surgeon General’s Report, 1990, pp. 285-287, 304)

• 1 year after quitting• The excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a continuing smoker’s.• (US Surgeon General’s Report, 2010, p. 359)

• 5 years after quitting• Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder are cut in half. Cervical cancer risk falls

to that of a non-smoker. • Stroke risk can fall to that of a non-smoker after 2-5 years. • (A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease - The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease Fact Sheet,

2010; and Tobacco Control: Reversal of Risk After Quitting Smoking. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Vol. 11. 2007, p 341)

10 years after quitting• The risk of dying from lung cancer is about half that of a person who is

still smoking. • The risk of cancer of the larynx (voice box) and pancreas decreases.(A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease - The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable

Disease Fact Sheet, 2010; and US Surgeon General’s Report, 1990, pp. vi, 155, 165)15 years after quittingThe risk of coronary heart disease is that of a non-smoker’s.(Tobacco Control: Reversal of Risk After Quitting Smoking. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Vol. 11. 2007. p 11)• These are just a few of the benefits of quitting smoking for good.

Quitting smoking lowers the risk of diabetes, lets blood vessels work better, and helps the heart and lungs.

• Quitting while you are younger will reduce your health risks more, but quitting at any age can give back years of life that would be lost by continuing to smoke.Last Medical Review: 02/06/2014 Last Revised: 02/06/2014

http://www.cancer.org/healthy/stayawayfromtobacco/guidetoquittingsmoking/guide-to-quitting-smoking-benefits

Benefits to quitting continued

Why quit smoking now?

• No matter how old you are or how long you’ve smoked, quitting can help you live longer and be healthier.

• People who stop smoking before age 50 cut their risk of dying in the next 15 years in half compared with those who keep smoking.

• Ex-smokers enjoy a higher quality of life – they have fewer illnesses like colds and the flu, lower rates of bronchitis and pneumonia, and feel healthier than people who still smoke.

• http://www.cancer.org/healthy/stayawayfromtobacco/guidetoquittingsmoking/guide-to-quitting-smoking-why-quit-now