To what extent should we consider nationalism a positive

force?

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Nationalism: An ideology (system of ideas) that seeks to unify or create a nation, usually based on a common geographic, linguistic (language), religious, cultural or historical identity.

LOOK AROUND: Based upon the above definition, are all Americans members of the same nation? Do all the members of your group share the five traits of national identity?

What element of nationalism do you think is most important in unifying a nation?

#1

ITALYSince the fall of the Roman Empire the people of Italy had been divided and ruled over by foreign powers. At the 1815 Congress of Vienna that ended the Napoleonic Wars, Italy was purposely left divided and weak so that the states of Italy could continue to be controlled by foreign powers.

Map of Italy following the Congress of Vienna

What might be one reason the people of the Italian peninsula would want to unite?

#2

ITALY

Italian nationalist Giuseppe

Mazzini, the founder of Young

Italy

Young Italy is a brotherhood of Italians who believe in a law of Progress and Duty, and are convinced that Italy is destined to become one nation--convinced also that she possesses sufficient strength within herself to become one, and that the ill success of her former efforts is to be attributed not to the weakness, but to the misdirection of the revolutionary elements within her--that the secret of force lies in constancy and unity of effort.  They join this association in the firm intent of consecrating both thought and action to the great aim of re-constituting Italy as one independent sovereign

nation of free men and equals....

From the Oath taken to join Young Italy

What was the goal of Young Italy?

#3

ITALY

Giuseppe Garibaldi leading his “Red Shirts”to victory.

The pride of the Italian navy today the aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi

Why would modern Italy name an aircraft Carrier after Giuseppe Garibaldi?

#4

GERMANYBecause of the policies of the Congress of Vienna, Germany is clearly too small for us both [Prussia and Austria]; as long as an honorable arrangement concerning the influence of each in Germany cannot be concluded and carried out, we will both plough the same disputed acre, and Austria will remain the only state to whom we can permanently lose or from whom we can permanently gain. . . .I wish only to express my conviction that, in the not too distant future, we shall have to fight for our existence against Austria and that it is not within our power to avoid that, since the course of events in Germany has no other

solution. Part of a letter from Otto Von Bismarck in 1856 explaining his reasons for a future war against Austria

Map of Germany prior to unification

Should Bismarck be considered a German nationalist or a Prussian nationalist? Why?

#5

GERMANY

German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck, the architect of German Unification

The pride of Germany’s navy in 1941 the Battleship Bismarck

Why would Germany name a battleship after Otto Von Bismarck?

#6

JUDAISM

The words to the Israeli national anthem written in Hebrew

As long as deep in the heart,

The soul of a Jew yearns,And forward to the EastTo Zion, an eye looksOur hope will not be lost,The hope of two thousand years,To be a free nation in our land,The land of Zion and Jerusalem.

The English word translation of the Israeli national anthem.

THINK: As you watch the slides on the next several slides consider, what was the hope of two thousand years held by the Jewish people?

#7

JUDAISM

A picture showing Jews being exiled from their country.

#8

JUDAISM

French Officer Alfred Dreyfus surrenders his sword after being convicted of spying for Germany. Dreyfus’s conviction was based upon faulty evidence and was later judged to be ethnically motivated based more upon Dreyfus’s religion rather than the facts.

THINK: Do we have situations like this in America today where people are judged by their ethnicity rather than the evidence? See if you can come up with an example.

#9

JUDAISM

Russian Jews running from an angry mob during a pogrom (anti Jewish riot) in the late 1800’s

THINK: Are there times in America today where people are harassed or menaced because their beliefs or customs are different? Can you come up with an example?

#10

JUDAISM

A map showing the areas from which Jews were kicked out, when, and where they moved to.

#11

Why do you think Jews have been forced to leave so many countries throughout history?

JUDAISM

What do you think the “Hope of the Jewish people for two thousand years” refers to?

#12

IRELAND

What message does the cartoon convey about the attitudes of the the English toward the Irish during the famine? Why do you think the English had these attitudes?

#13

A cartoon from an English newspaper during the Potato Famine

Between 1847 and 1851 close to two million Irish people starved to death or emigrated (left)from Ireland due to the failure of the potato crop. Throughout the famine English owned farms in Ireland continued to export food.

THINK: What role do you think nationalism played in the Irish Potato Famine?

Austria-Hungary

What message is the map above trying to convey about the role of nationalism in Austria?

#14

Positive or Negative?

Do the makers of this movie clip think that nationalism has been a positive or a negative force in Europe? What do you think?

#15

The video clip should start automatically after a few seconds.

AMERICA

THINK: As you watch the next few slides, Do we have nationalism in America?

#16

AMERICA  Germany Italy Judaism Ireland Serbia America

Language German Italian Mixed English Serbo-Croatian ?

Religion Protestant Catholic Jewish Catholic Orthodox ?

History Germanic Roman Jewish Celtic Slavic ?

GeographyNorthern Europe

Italian Peninsula

None Ireland Southern Europe ?

Is there an American nationality? What makes us (America) one nation?

#28

AMERICA

American Aircraft Carrier George Washington

America’s 1st President George Washington

Why would America name an aircraft carrier after George Washington?

Is nationalism in America a positive or a negative force? Why?

#29