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To what extent must
the company adapt
its products and
marketing program
to each foreign
country?
ADAPTATION :
Cultural differences that differentiate countries :• Individualism versus collectivism
• High versus low power distance
• Masculine versus Feminine
• Weak strong uncertainty avoidance
Global Similarities and Differences1.
CULTURAL PREFERENCE
Global Product Strategies :2.
Straight Extension introduces the product in the foreign market without any change. Tempting because it requires R&D expense, manufacturing retooling, or promotional modification.
Product Adaptation alters the product to meet local conditions or preferences. Flexible manufacturing makes it easier to do so on several levels viz. regional version, country version, city version, retailer version.
Levi Strauss Adapts to China
Global Communication Strategy3.
Price Escalation :Companies have three choices for setting prices in different countries:
• Set a uniform price everywhere
• Set a market-based price in each country
• Set a cost-based price in each county
Global Pricing Strategy4.
A Grey market (sometimes called a parallel import, but this can also mean other things; not to be confused with a black market or a grey economy) is the trade of a commodity through distribution channels which are legal but are unofficial, unauthorized, or unintended by the original manufacturer.
Global Distribution Strategy5.
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