TO FIND FATTY MATERIAL OF DIFFERENT SOAP SAMPLES

8/13/2019 TO FIND FATTY MATERIAL OF DIFFERENT SOAP SAMPLES

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This is to certify that Master Ayush Jain

of class XII, has completed his projecton Finding The Percentage[%] Of FattyMaterial On Different Soap Samples. Hehas successfully prepared this projectreport in the Chemistry laboratory of ourschool.

This project may be considered as partialfulfilment of AISSCE 2009-2010conducted by the Central Board OfSecondary Education, Delhi.

External Examiner

Internal Examiner

Principal


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It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge mydeep sense of gratitude to Chemistry teacher

Mr.Hemant Pathak for his valuable support,

constant help and guidance at each and every

stage, without which it wouldnt have been

possible to complete this project.

I am thankful again to Mr.Hemant Pathak of

Chemistry department for their co-operation in

printing this project.

I am also thankful to Mrs. Kshipra Shukla, our

Librarian for the help provided in referring the

required amount of books.

I also register my sense of gratitude to ourPrincipal Mr.K.K.Mukherjee for his immense

encouragement that has made this project

successful.

Ayush Jain

Class XII


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Aim

ProcedureObservation

ConclusionBibliography


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To find and calculate

the percentage of

fatty material in

different soap

samples.


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Take 10 gm of quantity ofeach sample in whichpercentage of fatty materialhas to be determined.

Prepare the solution of eachsoap in water.

Add 10 to 12 drops of HCl in

each solution and heat thesolution for 5 to 10 min.

Fatty matter float on the soapsolution surface by forming

upper layer and how by filterpaper are weighed fortitration.


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Now collect the fatty material fromeach solution by filtrate ion andagain weigh the filter includingfiltrate (fatty material) are dissolvedin the filtrate (fatty material) in etherfor calculating oil materials.

Now take the solution in separatingflask on the surface of solution and

remove the solution except oilymaterial.

Now, remaining solution is exposedin sunlight to evaporate ether fromsolution.

Now oily matter can be easilyweighed by weighing machine.

The percentage of oily materialscan be easily calculate by followingobservation :


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Soap are the sodium or

potassium salt of higher fatty

acids. The fatty acid contains

long chain of 16-18 carbon

atoms.

Structure Of SoapSoap contains two parts:

1. A long hydrocarbon chain, whichis water repelling called a nonpolar tail.

2. Anionic part which is waterattracting called hydrophobic. It is

called polar tail.Soap may be represented as :CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-

CH2- CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COONa


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Soap are also made from animalfats and vegetable oil. Fats andoils are ester of higher fatty acidsare called Glyceroides. When oilsand fats are heated with a solutionof NaOH, they break down to

sodium salt of respective fatty acidsoap and glycerol. This process ofmaking soap by hydrolysis of fatsand oil with alkalis is calledsaponification. The soap is

separated from the solution by aaddition of common salt NaCl.Salts is added in the soap solutionto decrease the solubility of soap

due to which soap separates outfrom the solution in the form ofsolid and starts floating on thesurface. The crust of soap thusformed is removed and put it in

moulds to get soap cakes. Thesolution left behind contains


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Soap is not suitable for washingclothes with hard water becauseof the following reasons:

1. Hard water contains salt of Caand Mg, when soap is added tohard water, Ca and Mg ions ofhard water react with soapforming insoluble Ca and Mgsalt of fatty acids.2C17H35COONA + MgCl2 -

(C17H35COO)2 Mg + 2NaCl

2C17H35COONA + MgCl2 -(C17H35COO)2 Ca + 2NaClTherefore a lot of soap is

washed if water is hard.


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2. When hard water is used,

soap forms insolubleprecipitates of Ca and Mg

salt from which sticks of

clothes being washed.

Therefore it interfere with

the cleansing ability of the

soap and makes the

cleansing process difficult.


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The dirt in the cloth is due

to presence of dust particle

in fat or grease, whichsticks to the cloth. When

the dirty cloth is dipped in

soap or detergent solution

the soap and dust particlecome in contact with each

other the non polar tails of

the soap begin to dissolve

in non-polar oil or grease

while the polar head part

remains directed in water.


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As more particle enter the

grease each fat or oil

surround by a number of

negatively charge polar

head and the similar charge

repel each other. The oil orgrease droplets break off

and are still surrounded by

negatively charged polar

head of the soap molecule.

As a result the cloth get free

from the dirt and the

droplets are washed awaywith water.


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SOAP DETERGENT

1. Soap aresodium salt of

long chain

carboxylic acids.

2. Soap are not

suitable forwashing

purpose when

water is hard.

3. Soap have

relatively weak

cleansing action.

1. Syntheticdetergents are

sodium salts of

long chain

benzene

sulphonic acid.2. Synthetic

detergent can

be used for

washing even

when water is

hard.

3. Synthetic

detergent have

a strongcleansing action.


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S.

NO.

NAME

OF

SOAP

WEIGHT OF

FILTER

PAPER

(A)

WEIGHT OF

FILTER

FATTY

MATERIAL

(B)

FATTY

MATERIAL

(B-A)

%

1.

2.

3.

4

Santoo

r

Lux

Lux

Int.

Lifeboy

0.3856

0.2956

0.3203

0.4701

7.5856

7.5956

7.2701

7.2701

7.2

7.3

7.5

6.8

72

%

73

%

75

%

68

%


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Soap contain alkali matter, which affects

our

skin and even skin may crack. To maintain

the

oily and moisture balance on our skin, fatty

material required in soap. In general the

fatty

matter in soap is approximately 70% to

80%fatty matter below 70% made our skin dry,

rough and skin may crack where as

highest

percentage [%] of fatty matter above 80%made the soap sticky and oily and washing

become very difficult. From the table it is

clear

that the Lux international is the best soap

for

bathin ur ose because it contain lar e


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Introduction of Chemistry by

Comprehensive.

The complete referenceChemistry by S.Chand.

iCBSE.com

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TO FIND FATTY MATERIAL OF DIFFERENT SOAP SAMPLES