February 2012

Figure 1. Typical Standby Application.

ORDERPART

NUMBER 85-265VAC

230 VAC or 115 VAC

w/Doubler

Product Highlights

Lowest Cost, Low Power Switcher Solution• LowercostthanRCC,discretePWMandotherintegrat-

ed/hybridsolutions• Costeffectivereplacementforbulkylinearadapters• Lowestcomponentcount• SimpleON/OFFcontrol–noloopcompensationdevices• Nobiaswinding–simpler,lowercosttransformer• AllowssimpleRCtypeEMIfilterforupto2Wfrom

universalinputor4Wfrom115VACinput Extremely Energy Efficient • Consumesonly30/60mWat115/230VACwithnoload• MeetsBlueAngel,EnergyStar,Energy2000and200mW

Europeancellphonerequirementsforstandby• Saves$1to$4peryearinenergycosts(at$0.12/kWHr)

comparedtobulkylinearadapters• Idealforcellularphonechargers,standbypowersuppliesfor

PC,TVandVCR,utilitymeters,andcordlessphones.

High Performance at Low Cost• High-voltagepowered–idealforchargerapplications• Veryhighloopbandwidthprovidesexcellenttransient

responseandfastturnonwithpracticallynoovershoot• Currentlimitoperationrejectslinefrequencyripple• Glitchfreeoutputwheninputisremoved• Built-incurrentlimitandthermalprotection• 44kHzoperation(TNY253/4)withsnubberclamp

reducesEMIandvideonoiseinTVsandVCRs• Operateswithoptocouplerorbiaswindingfeedback

Description

TheTinySwitchfamilyusesabreakthroughdesigntoprovidethelowestcost,highefficiency,off-lineswitchersolutioninthe0to10Wrange.Thesedevicesintegratea700VpowerMOSFET, oscillator, high-voltage switched current source,current limitand thermalshutdowncircuitry. Theystart-upandrunonpowerderivedfromtheDRAINvoltage,eliminat-ingtheneedforatransformerbiaswindingandtheassociatedcircuitry.Andyet,theyconsumeonlyabout80mWatnoload,from265VACinput.AsimpleON/OFFcontrolschemealsoeliminatestheneedforloopcompensation.

TNY253P

TNY254P

TinySwitch Selection Guide

PACKAGE

DIP-8

DIP-8

SMD-8

SMD-8

TNY253G

TNY255P

0-2 W

1-4 W

0-4 W

2-5 W

TNY255G

DIP-8

TNY254G

SMD-83.5-6.5 W4-10 W

TheTNY253andTNY254switchat44kHztominimizeEMIand toallowasimplesnubberclampto limitDRAINspikevoltage.Atthesametime,theyallowuseoflowcostEE16coretransformerstodeliverupto5W.TheTNY253isidenticaltoTNY254exceptforitslowercurrentlimit,whichreducesoutputshort-circuit current for applications under 2.5W.TNY255useshigherswitchingrateof130kHztodeliverupto10WfromthesamelowcostEE16coreforapplicationssuchasPCstandbysupply. AnEE13orEF13corewith safety spacedbobbincanbeusedforapplicationsunder2.5W.Absenceofabiaswindingeliminatestheneedfortaping/marginsinmostapplications,whentripleinsulatedwireisusedforthesecondary.Thissimplifiesthetransformerconstructionandreducescost.

PI-2178-022699

Wide-RangeHigh-Voltage

DC Input

TinySwitchD

S

EN

BP

+

–

+

–

DCOutput

Table 1. *Please refer to the Key Application Considerations section for details.

Recommended Range for Lowest System Cost*

TNY253/254/255TinySwitch™ FamilyEnergy Efficient, Low Power Off-line Switchers

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

2

Figure 2. Functional Block Diagram.

Figure 3. Pin Configuration.

Pin Functional Description

DRAIN (D) Pin:PowerMOSFETdrainconnection.Providesinternaloperatingcurrentforbothstart-upandsteady-stateoperation.

BYPASS (BP) Pin:Connectionpointforanexternalbypasscapacitorfortheinter-nallygenerated5.8Vsupply.Bypasspinisnotintendedforsourcingsupplycurrenttoexternalcircuitry.

ENABLE (EN) Pin:ThepowerMOSFETswitchingcanbeterminatedbypullingthispinlow.TheI-Vcharacteristicofthispinisequivalenttoavoltagesourceofapproximately1.5Vwithasourcecurrentclampof50µA.

SOURCE (S) Pin:PowerMOSFETsourceconnection.Primaryreturn.

TinySwitch Functional Description

TinySwitchisintendedforlowpoweroff-lineapplications.Itcombinesahigh-voltagepowerMOSFETswitchwithapowersupplycontrollerinonedevice.UnlikeaconventionalPWM(PulseWidthModulator) controller, the TinySwitch uses asimpleON/OFFcontroltoregulatetheoutputvoltage.

TheTinySwitch controller consists of an Oscillator, Enable(SenseandLogic)circuit,5.8VRegulator,Undervoltagecircuit,

HystereticOverTemperatureProtection,CurrentLimitcircuit,LeadingEdgeBlanking,anda700VpowerMOSFET.Figure2showsafunctionalblockdiagramwiththemostimportantfeatures.

OscillatorTheoscillatorfrequencyisinternallysetat44kHz(130kHzfortheTNY255).ThetwosignalsofinterestaretheMaxi-mumDutyCyclesignal(DMAX)whichrunsattypically67%dutycycleandtheClocksignalthatindicatesthebeginningofeachcycle.Whencyclesareskipped(seebelow),theoscilla-torfrequencydoubles(exceptforTNY255whichremainsat130kHz).ThisincreasesthesamplingrateattheENABLEpinforfasterloopresponse.

Enable (Sense and Logic)TheENABLEpincircuithasasourcefollowerinputstagesetat1.5V.Theinputcurrentisclampedbyacurrentsourcesetat50µAwith10µAhysteresis.Theoutputoftheenablesense

PI-2197-061898

CLOCK

OSCILLATOR5.8 V5.1 V

SOURCE

S

R

Q

DCMAX

BYPASS

+

- VILIMIT

LEADINGEDGE

BLANKING

THERMALSHUTDOWN

+

-

DRAINREGULATOR5.8 V

UNDERVOLTAGE

1.5 V + VTH

ENABLE

Q

50 μA

PI-2199-031501

ENABLE

8

5

7

6

DRAIN

SOURCE

SOURCE

SOURCE

1

4

2

3

SOURCE

SOURCEBYPASS

P Package (DIP-8) G Package (SMD-8)

TNY253/254/255

3Rev E02/12

circuit is sampledat the rising edgeof theoscillatorClocksignal(atthebeginningofeachcycle).Ifitishigh,thenthepowerMOSFETisturnedon(enabled)forthatcycle,otherwisethepowerMOSFETremainsintheoffstate(cycleskipped).Sincethesamplingisdoneonlyonceatthebeginningofeachcycle,anysubsequentchangesattheENABLEpinduringthecycleareignored.

5.8 V RegulatorThe5.8VregulatorchargesthebypasscapacitorconnectedtotheBYPASSpinto5.8VbydrawingacurrentfromthevoltageontheDRAIN,whenevertheMOSFETisoff.TheBYPASSpinistheinternalsupplyvoltagenodefortheTinySwitch.WhentheMOSFETison,theTinySwitchrunsoffoftheenergystoredinthebypasscapacitor.ExtremelylowpowerconsumptionoftheinternalcircuitryallowstheTinySwitchtooperatecontinu-ouslyfromthecurrentdrawnfromtheDRAINpin.Abypasscapacitorvalueof0.1µFissufficientforbothhighfrequencyde-couplingandenergystorage.

UndervoltageTheundervoltagecircuitrydisablesthepowerMOSFETwhentheBYPASSpinvoltagedropsbelow5.1V.OncetheBYPASSpinvoltagedropsbelow5.1V,ithastorisebackto5.8Vtoenable(turn-on)thepowerMOSFET.

Hysteretic Over Temperature ProtectionThethermalshutdowncircuitrysensesthediejunctiontem-perature.Thethresholdissetat135°Cwith70°Chysteresis.When the junction temperature rises above this threshold(135°C)thepowerMOSFETisdisabledandremainsdisableduntilthediejunctiontemperaturefallsby70°C,atwhichpointitisre-enabled.

Current LimitThe current limit circuit senses the current in the powerMOSFET.Whenthiscurrentexceedstheinternalthreshold(ILIMIT),thepowerMOSFETisturnedofffortheremainderofthatcycle.

The leading edge blanking circuit inhibits the current limitcomparatorforashort time(tLEB)after thepowerMOSFETisturnedon.Thisleadingedgeblankingtimehasbeensetsothat current spikes caused by primary-side capacitance andsecondary-siderectifierreverserecoverytimewillnotcauseprematureterminationoftheswitchingpulse.

TinySwitch Operation

TinySwitchisintendedtooperateinthecurrentlimitmode.Whenenabled,theoscillatorturnsthepowerMOSFETonatthebeginningofeachcycle.TheMOSFETisturnedoffwhenthecurrentrampsuptothecurrentlimit.Themaximumon-timeoftheMOSFETislimitedtoDCMAXbytheoscillator.SincethecurrentlimitandfrequencyofagivenTinySwitchdevice

areconstant,thepowerdeliveredisproportionaltotheprimaryinductanceofthetransformerandisrelativelyindependentoftheinputvoltage.Therefore,thedesignofthepowersupplyinvolvescalculatingtheprimaryinductanceofthetransformerforthemaximumpowerrequired.AslongastheTinySwitchdevicechosenisratedforthepowerlevelatthelowestinputvoltage,thecalculatedinductancewillrampupthecurrenttothecurrentlimitbeforetheDCMAXlimitisreached.

Enable FunctionTheTinySwitchsensestheENABLEpintodeterminewhetherornottoproceedwiththenextswitchcycleasdescribedearlier.OnceacycleisstartedTinySwitchalwayscompletesthecycle(evenwhentheENABLEpinchangesstatehalfwaythroughthecycle).Thisoperationresultsinapowersupplywhoseoutputvoltagerippleisdeterminedbytheoutputcapacitor,amountofenergyperswitchcycleandthedelayoftheENABLEfeedback.

TheENABLEsignalisgeneratedonthesecondarybycomparingthepowersupplyoutputvoltagewithareferencevoltage.TheENABLEsignalishighwhenthepowersupplyoutputvoltageislessthanthereferencevoltage.

In a typical implementation, theENABLEpin is driven byanoptocoupler.ThecollectoroftheoptocouplertransistorisconnectedtotheENABLEpinandtheemitterisconnectedtotheSOURCEpin.TheoptocouplerLEDisconnectedinserieswith aZener across theDCoutput voltage to be regulated.Whentheoutputvoltageexceedsthetargetregulationvoltagelevel(optocouplerdiodevoltagedropplusZenervoltage),theoptocouplerdiodewillstarttoconduct,pullingtheENABLEpinlow.TheZenercouldbereplacedbyaTL431deviceforimprovedaccuracy.

TheENABLEpinpull-downcurrent threshold isnominally50µA,butissetto40µAtheinstantthethresholdisexceeded.Thisisresetto50µAwhentheENABLEpull-downcurrentdropsbelowthecurrentthresholdof40µA.

ON/OFF ControlTheinternalclockoftheTinySwitchrunsallthetime.Atthebeginning of each clock cycle the TinySwitch samples theENABLEpintodecidewhetherornottoimplementaswitchcycle.IftheENABLEpinishigh(<40µA),thenaswitchingcycle takesplace. If theENABLEpin is low (greater than50µA)thennoswitchingcycleoccurs,andtheENABLEpinstatusissampledagainatthestartofthesubsequentclockcycle.

At full loadTinySwitchwillconductduring themajorityofitsclockcycles(Figure4). At loads less thanfull load, theTinySwitchwill“skip”morecyclesinordertomaintainvolt-age regulation at the secondary output (Figure 5). At lightloadornoload,almostallcycleswillbeskipped(Figure6).Asmallpercentageofcycleswillconducttosupportthepowerconsumptionofthepowersupply.

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

4

Figure 4. TinySwitch Operation at Heavy Load. Figure 5. TinySwitch Operation at Medium Load.

V

DRAINV

EN

CLOCK

DC

DRAINI

MAX

PI-2255-061298

V

DRAINV

EN

CLOCK

DC

DRAINI

MAX

PI-2259-061298

TheresponsetimeofTinySwitchON/OFFcontrolschemeisveryfastcomparedtonormalPWMcontrol.Thisprovideshighlineripplerejectionandexcellenttransientresponse.

Power Up/DownTinySwitchrequiresonlya0.1µFcapacitorontheBYPASSpin.Becauseofthesmallsizeofthiscapacitor,thepower-updelayiskepttoanabsoluteminimum,typically0.3ms(Fig-ure7).DuetothefastnatureoftheON/OFFfeedback,thereisnoovershootatthepowersupplyoutput.Duringpower-down,thepowerMOSFETwillswitchuntiltherectifiedlinevoltagedropstoapproximately12V.ThepowerMOSFETwillthenremainoffwithoutanyglitches(Figure8).

Bias Winding EliminatedTinySwitchdoesnotrequireabiaswindingtoprovidepowerto the chip. Instead it draws the power directly from theDRAINpin(seeFunctionalDescriptionabove).Thishastwomainbenefits.Firstforanominalapplication,thiseliminatesthecostofanextrabiaswindingandassociatedcomponents.Secondly,forchargerapplications, thecurrent-voltagechar-acteristicoftenallowstheoutputvoltagetofalltolowvalueswhilestilldeliveringpower.Thistypeofapplicationnormallyrequiresaforward-biaswindingwhichhasmanymoreassoci-atedcomponents,noneofwhicharenecessarywithTinySwitch.

Current Limit OperationEachswitchingcycleisterminatedwhentheDRAIN currentreachesthecurrentlimitoftheTinySwitch.Foragivenprimaryinductanceandinputvoltage,thedutycycleisconstant.How-ever,dutycycledoeschangeinverselywiththeinputvoltageproviding“voltagefeed-forward”advantages:goodlineripple

rejectionandrelativelyconstantpowerdeliveryindependentoftheinputvoltage.

44 kHz Switching Frequency (TNY253/254)Switchingfrequency(withnocycleskipping)issetat44kHz.Thisprovidesseveraladvantages.Athigherswitchingfrequen-cies,thecapacitiveswitchinglossesareasignificantproportionofthepowerlossesinapowersupply.Athigherfrequencies,thepreferredsnubbingschemesareRCDordiode-Zenerclamps.However,duetothelowerswitchingfrequencyofTinySwitch,itispossibletouseasimpleRCsnubber(andevenjustacapaci-toralonein115VACapplicationsatpowerslevelsbelow4W).

Secondly,alowswitchingfrequencyalsoreducesEMIfilteringrequirements.At44kHz,thefirst,secondandthirdharmon-icsareallbelow150kHzwheretheEMIlimitsarenotveryrestrictive.Forpowerlevelsbelow4WitispossibletomeetworldwideEMIrequirementswithonlyresistiveandcapaci-tivefilterelements(noinductorsorchokes).ThissignificantlyreducesEMIfiltercosts.

Finally, if the application requires stringent noise emissions(suchasvideoapplications),thentheTNY253/254willallowmore effective use of diode snubbing (and other secondarysnubbingtechniques).ThelowerswitchingfrequencyallowsRCsnubberstobeusedtoreducenoise,withoutsignificantlyimpactingtheefficiencyofthesupply.

130 kHz Switching Frequency (TNY255)The switching frequency (with no cycle skipping) is set at130kHz.ThisallowstheTNY255todeliver10Wwhilestillusingthesamesize,lowcosttransformer(EE16)asusedbytheTNY253/254forlowerpowerapplications.

TNY253/254/255

5Rev E02/12

Figure 6. TinySwitch Operation at Light Load.

Figure 7. TinySwitch Power-Up Timing Diagram.

Figure 8. TinySwitch Power Down Timing Diagram.

PI-2261-061198

V

DRAINV

EN

CLOCK

DC

DRAINI

MAX

BYPASS Pin CapacitorTheBYPASSpinusesasmall0.1µFceramiccapacitorfordecouplingtheinternalpowersupplyoftheTinySwitch.

Application Examples

Television Standby

TinySwitchisanidealsolutionforlowcost,highefficiencystandbypowersuppliesusedinconsumerelectronicproductssuchasTVs.Figure9showsa7.5V,1.3WflybackcircuitthatusesTNY253forimplementingaTVstandbysupply.ThecircuitoperatesfromtheDChigh-voltagealreadyavailablefromthemainpowersupply.Thisinputvoltagecanrangefrom120to375VDCdependingontheinputACvoltagerangethattheTVisratedfor.CapacitorC1filtersthehigh-voltageDCsupply,andisnecessaryonlyifthereisalongtracelengthfromthesourceoftheDCsupplytotheinputsoftheTVstandbycircuit.Thehigh-voltageDCbusisappliedtotheseriescombinationoftheprimarywindingofT1andtheintegratedhigh-voltageMOSFETinsidetheTNY253.ThelowoperatingfrequencyoftheTNY253(44kHz),allowsalowcostsnubbercircuitC2andR1tobeusedinplaceofaprimaryclampcircuit.InadditiontolimitingtheDRAINturnoffvoltagespiketoasafevalue,theRCsnubberalsoreducesradiatedvideonoisebyloweringthedv/dtoftheDRAINwaveform,whichiscriticalforvideoapplicationssuchasTVandVCR.OnfixedfrequencyPWMandRCCcircuits,useofasnubberwillresultinanundesir-ablefixedACswitchinglossthatisindependentofload.TheON/OFFcontrolontheTinySwitcheliminatesthisproblemby scaling the effective switching frequency and therefore,

switchinglosslinearlywithload.Thustheefficiencyofthesupplystaysrelativelyconstantdowntoafractionofawattofoutputloading.

ThesecondarywindingisrectifiedandfilteredbyD1andC4tocreatethe7.5Voutput.L1andC5provideadditionalfiltering.TheoutputvoltageisdeterminedbythesumoftheoptocouplerU2LEDforwarddrop(~1V)andZenerdiodeVR1voltage.TheresistorR2,maintainsabiascurrentthroughtheZenertoimproveitsvoltagetolerance.

10 W Standby

TheTNY255isidealforstandbyapplicationsthatrequireupto10Wofpowerfrom230VACor100/115VACwithdoublercircuit.TheTNY255operatesat130kHzasopposedto44kHzforTNY253/254.Thehigherfrequencyoperationallowsthe

V

DRAINV

IN

PI–

2253

-062

398

0 .2

Time (ms).4 .6 .8 1

0 V

0 V

V

DRAINV

IN

12 V

PI–

2251

-062

398

12 V

0 100

Time (ms)200 300 400 500

0 V

0 V

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

6

Figure 9. 1.3 W TV Standby Circuit using TNY253.

Figure 10. 10 W Standby Supply Circuit.

useofalowcostEE16coretransformeruptothe10Wlevel.Figure10showsa5V,10Wcircuitforsuchanapplication.Thecircuitoperatesfromthehigh-voltageDCsupplyalreadyavailablefromthemainpowersupply.CapacitorC1filtersthehigh-voltageDCsupply,andisnecessaryonlyifthereisalongtracelengthfromthesourceoftheDCsupplytotheinputsofthestandbycircuit.Thehigh-voltageDCbusisappliedtotheprimarywindingofT1inserieswiththeintegratedhigh-voltageMOSFETinsidetheTNY255.ThediodeD1,capacitorC2andresistorR1comprisetheclampcircuitthatlimitstheturn-offvoltagespikeontheTinySwitchDRAINpintoasafevalue.ThesecondarywindingisrectifiedandfilteredbyD2andC4toprovidethe5Vouput.AdditionalfilteringisprovidedbyL1andC5.Theoutputvoltageisdeterminedbythesumofthe

optocouplerU2LEDforwarddrop(~1V)andZenerdiodeVR1voltage.TheresistorR2,maintainsabiascurrentthroughtheZenertoimproveitsvoltagetolerance.Fortightertolerance,aTL431precisionreferenceICfeedbackcircuitmaybeused.

Cellular Phone Charger

TheTinySwitchiswellsuitedforapplicationsthatrequireaconstantvoltageandconstantcurrentoutput.TinySwitchisalwayspoweredfromtheinputhigh-voltage,thereforeitdoesnotrequirebiaswindingforpower.Consequently,itsopera-tionisnotdependentontheleveloftheoutputvoltage.Thisallowsforconstantcurrentchargerdesignsthatworkdowntozerovoltsontheoutput.

PI-2242-082898

TinySwitchD

S

EN

BP

+ 5 V

RTN

C10.01 μF

1 kV

C30.1 μF

240 - 375 VDC

R1150 kΩ

1 W

U2LTV817

D2SB540

L110 μH

C42700 μF

6.3 V

C5220 μF10 V

VR11N5229B

U1TNY255P

C24700 pF

1 kV

T11

4 8

10

R268 Ω

D11N4937

Optional

PI-2246-082898

DC IN120 - 375

VDC

TinySwitchD

S

EN

BP

+

–

+ 7.5 V

RTN

C30.1 μF

R21 kΩ

VR11N5235B

C10.01 μF

1 kV

R1100 Ω 1/2 W

C256 pF1 kV

D11N4934

L115 μH

C547 μF10 V

C4330 μF10 V

U1TNY253P

T1

U2SFH615-2

C6680 pF

Y1 Safety

1

4 8

10

Optional

TNY253/254/255

7Rev E02/12

Figure 11. 3.6 W Constant Voltage-Constant Current Cellular Phone Charger Circuit.

Figure11showsa5.2V,3.6WcellularphonechargercircuitthatusestheTNY254andprovidesconstantvoltageandconstantcurrentoutputoveranuniversalinput(85to265VAC)range.TheACinputisrectifiedandfilteredbyD1-D4,C1andC2tocreateahigh-voltageDCbusconnectedtoT1inserieswiththehigh-voltageMOSFETinsidetheTNY254.TheinductorL1formsaπ-filterinconjunctionwithC1andC2.TheresistorR1dampsresonancesintheinductorL1.ThelowfrequencyofoperationofTNY254(44kHz)allowsuseofthesimpleπ-filterdescribedaboveincombinationwithasingleY1-capacitorC8tomeetworldwideconductedEMIstandards.ThediodeD6,

capacitorC4andresistorR2comprisetheclampcircuitthatlimitstheturn-offvoltagespikeontheTinySwitchDRAINpintoasafevalue.ThesecondarywindingisrectifiedandfilteredbyD5andC5toprovidethe5.2Voutput.AdditionalfilteringisprovidedbyL2andC6.TheoutputvoltageisdeterminedbythesumoftheoptocouplerU2LEDforwarddrop(~1V)andZenerdiodeVR1voltage.TheresistorR8,maintainsabiascurrentthroughtheZenertoimproveitsvoltagetolerance.

AsimpleconstantcurrentcircuitisimplementedusingtheVBEoftransistorQ1tosensethevoltageacrossthecurrentsenseresistorR4,whichcanbemadeupofoneormoreresistorsto

Figure 12. 0.5 W Open Loop AC Adapter Circuit.

PI-2244-082898

TinySwitchD

S

EN

BP

+ 5.2 V

RTND1

1N4005

C16.8 μF400 V

Fusible

RF110 Ω

C30.1 μF

85 - 265 VAC

L1560 μH

D21N4005

D31N4005

D41N4005

R2100 kΩ

1 W

U2LTV817

D5FR201

L23.3 μH

C5220 μF25 V

C24.7 μF400 V

C6220 μF16 V

R7100 Ω

R322 Ω

R41 Ω1 W

R947 Ω

Q12N3904

R8820 Ω

VR11N5230B

4.7 V

C82.2 nF

Y1 Safety

U1TNY254P

C42200 pF

D61N4937

R60.82 Ω1/2 W

T1

R11.2 kΩ

1

2 5

10

R518 Ω1/8 W

PI-2190-031501

TinySwitchD

S

EN

BP

+ 9 V

RTN

D11N4004

C12.2 μF200 V

Fusible

RF11.8 Ω

C468 pF1 KV

115 VAC± 15%

R2100 Ω

D21N4004

C30.1 μF

D31N3934

C6100 μF

16V

C22.2 μF200 V

VR11N5239B

C52.2 nF

Y1 Safety

U1TNY253P

T11

5 6

10

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

8

achieve theappropriatevalue. R3 isabasecurrent limitingresistor.WhenthedropacrossR4exceedstheVBEoftransistorQ1,itturnsonandtakesoverthecontroloftheloopbydrivingtheoptocouplerLED.R6dropsanadditionalvoltagetokeepthecontrolloopinoperationdowntozerovoltsontheoutput.Withtheoutputshorted,thedropacrossR4andR6(~1.5V)issufficienttokeeptheQ1andLEDcircuitactive.ResistorsR7andR9limittheforwardcurrentthatcouldbedrawnthroughVR1byQ1underoutputshort-circuitconditions,due to thevoltagedropacrossR6andR4.

AC Adapter

Manyconsumerelectronicproductsutilizelowpower50/60HztransformerbasedACadapters.TheTinySwitchcancostef-fectivelyreplace these linearadapterswithasolution that islighter,smallerandmoreenergyefficient.Figure12showsa9V,0.5WACadaptercircuitusingtheTNY253.Thiscircuitoperatesfroma115VACinput.Tosavecost,thiscircuitrunswithout any feedback, in discontinuous conductionmode todeliver constant power output relatively independent of in-putvoltage.TheoutputvoltageisdeterminedbythevoltagedropacrossZenerdiodeVR1.Theprimaryinductanceofthetransformerischosentodeliverapowerthatisinexcessoftherequiredoutputpowerbyatleast50%toallowforcomponenttolerancesandtomaintainsomecurrentthroughtheZenerVR1atfullload.Atnoload,allofthepowerisdeliveredtotheZenerwhichshouldberatedandheatsinkedaccordingly.Inspiteofaconstantpowerconsumptionfromthemainsinput,thissolu-tionisstillsignificantlymoreefficientthanlinearadaptersuptooutputpowerlevelsofapproximately1W.

TheACinputisrectifiedbydiodesD1andD2.D2isusedtoreduceconductedEMIbyonlyallowingnoiseontotheneutrallineduringdiodeconduction.TherectifiedACisthenfilteredbycapacitorsC1andC2togenerateahigh-voltageDCbus,whichisappliedtotheseriescombinationoftheprimarywind-ingofT1andthehigh-voltageMOSFETinsidetheTNY253.TheresistorR2alongwithcapacitorsC1andC2formaπ-filterwhich is sufficient formeetingEMIconducted emissions atthesepowerlevels.C5isaYcapacitorwhichisusedtoreducecommonmodeEMI.Duetothe700VratingoftheTinySwitchMOSFET,asimplecapacitivesnubber(C4)isadequatetolimittheleakageinductancespikein115VACapplications,atlowpowerlevels.ThesecondarywindingisrectifiedandfilteredbyD3andC6.

Key Application Considerations

For the most up to date information visit our Web site at: www.powerint.com

Design

Output Power RangeThepowerlevelsshownintheTinySwitchSelectionGuide(Table1)areapproximate,recommendedoutputpowerrangesthat will provide a cost optimum design and are based onfollowingassumptions:

1. TheminimumDCinputvoltageis90Vorhigherfor85VACinputor240Vorhigherfor230VACinputor115VACinputwithavoltagedoubler.

2. The TinySwitch is not thermally limited - the sourcepinsaresolderedtosufficientcopperareatokeepthedietemperatureatorbelow100°C.ThislimitationdoesnotusuallyapplytoTNY253andTNY254.

ThemaximumpowercapabilityofaTinySwitchdependsonthe thermal environment, transformer core size and design(continuousordiscontinuous),efficiencyrequired,minimumspecifiedinputvoltage,inputstoragecapacitance,outputvolt-age,outputdiodeforwarddrop,etc.,andcanbedifferentfromthevaluesshownintheselectionguide.

Audible Noise Atloadsotherthanmaximumload,thecycleskippingmodeoperationused inTinySwitchcangenerateaudiofrequencycomponentsinthetransformer.Thiscancausethetransformerto produce audio noise. Transformer audible noise can bereduced by utilizing appropriate transformer constructiontechniquesanddecreasing thepeakfluxdensity. Formoreinformation on audio suppression techniques, please checkthe Application Notes section on our Web site atwww.powerint.com.

CeramiccapacitorsthatusedielectricssuchasZ5U,whenusedinclampandsnubbercircuits,canalsogenerateaudionoiseduetoelectrostrictionandpiezo-electriceffects.Ifthisisthecase,replacingthemwithacapacitorhavingadifferenttypeofdielectricisthesimplestsolution.Polyesterfilmcapacitorisagoodalternative.

Short-Circuit CurrentTheTinySwitchdoesnothaveanauto-restartfeature.Asaresult,TinySwitchwillcontinuetodeliverpowertotheloadduringoutputshort-circuitconditions.Intheworstcase,peakshort-circuitcurrentisequaltotheprimarycurrentlimit(ILIMIT)multipliedbytheturnsratioofthetransformer(Np/Ns).Inatypicaldesigntheaveragecurrentis25to50%lowerthanthis peakvalue. At the power levels ofTinySwitch this is

TNY253/254/255

9Rev E02/12

Figure 13. Recommended PC Layout for the TinySwitch.

easilyaccommodatedbyratingtheoutputdiodetohandletheshort-circuitcurrent.Theshort-circuitcurrentcanbeminimizedbychoosingthesmallest(lowestcurrentlimit)TinySwitchfortherequiredpower.

Layout

Single Point Grounding UseasinglepointgroundconnectionattheSOURCEpinfortheBYPASSpincapacitorandtheInputFilterCapacitor(seeFigure13).

Primary Loop Area Theareaoftheprimaryloopthatconnectstheinputfilterca-pacitor,transformerprimaryandTinySwitchtogether,shouldbekeptassmallaspossible.

Primary Clamp CircuitAclamporsnubbercircuitisusedtominimizepeakvoltageandringingontheDRAINpinatturn-off.ThiscanbeachievedbyusinganRCsnubberforlessthan3WoranRCDclampasshowninFigure13forhigherpower.AZeneranddiodeclampacrosstheprimaryorasingle550VZenerclampfromDRAINtoSOURCEcanalsobeused.Inallcasescareshouldbetakentominimizethecircuitpathfromthesnubber/clampcomponentstothetransformerandTinySwitch.

Thermal ConsiderationsCopperunderneath theTinySwitchactsnotonlyasa singlepointground,butalsoasaheatsink.ThehatchedareashowninFigure13 shouldbemaximized forgoodheat-sinkingofTinySwitchandoutputdiode.

Y CapacitorTheplacementoftheYcapacitorshouldbedirectlyfromtheprimarysinglepointgroundtothecommon/returnterminalonthesecondaryside.SuchplacementwillmaximizetheEMIbenefitoftheYcapacitor.

Optocoupler It is important tomaintain theminimum circuit path fromthe optocoupler transistor to theTinySwitchENABLE andSOURCEpinstominimizenoisecoupling.

Output DiodeFor best performance, the area of the loop connecting thesecondarywinding, theOutputDiodeand theOutputFilterCapacitor,shouldbeminimized.SeeFigure13foroptimizedlayout.Inaddition,sufficientcopperareashouldbeprovidedattheanodeandcathodeterminalsofthediodetoadequatelyheatsinkthediodeunderoutputshort-circuitconditions.

Input and Output Filter Capacitors Thereareconstrictionsinthetracesconnectedtotheinputandoutputfiltercapacitors.Theseconstrictionsarepresentfortworeasons.Thefirstistoforceallthehighfrequencycurrentstoflowthroughthecapacitor(ifthetracewerewidethenitcouldflowaroundthecapacitor).Secondly,theconstrictionsminimizetheheattransferredfromtheTinySwitchtotheinputfiltercapacitorandfromthesecondarydiodetotheoutputfiltercapacitor.Thecommon/return(thenegativeoutputterminalinFigure13)terminaloftheoutputfiltercapacitorshouldbeconnectedwithashort,lowresistancepathtothesecondarywinding.Inaddition,thecommon/returnoutputconnectionshouldbetakendirectlyfromthesecondarywindingpinandnotfromtheYcapacitorconnectionpoint.

TOP VIEW

PI-2176-071398

Y1-Capacitor

Opto-coupler

CBP

D

ENBP

TinySwitch

+

–

HV

+– DCOUT

Input Filter Capacitor Output Filter Capacitor

Safety Spacing

Transformer

Maximize hatched copper areas ( ) for optimum heat sinking

S

S

PRI SEC

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

10

StorageTemperature...................................... -65to150°COperatingJunctionTemperature(2)................ -40to150°CLeadTemperature(3).................................................260°CThermalImpedance(θJA)..................70°C/W

(4),55°C/W(5)

ThermalImpedance(θJC)....................................... 11°C/W

4.Solderedto0.36sq.inch(232mm2),2oz.(610gm/m2)copperclad.5.Solderedto1sq.inch(645mm2),2oz.(610gm/m2)copperclad.6.Thehigherpeakdraincurrentisallowedwhilethedrain

voltageissimultaneouslylessthan400V.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)

DRAINVoltage.......................................... -0.3Vto700VPeakDRAINCurrent(TNY253/4)............400(500)mA(6)

PeakDRAINCurrent(TNY255)...............530(660)mA(6)

ENABLEVoltage........................................... -0.3Vto9VENABLECurrent................................................... 100mABYPASSVoltage............................................ -0.3Vto9V

1. AllvoltagesreferencedtoSOURCE,TA=25°C.2. Normallylimitedbyinternalcircuitry.3. 1/16"fromcasefor5seconds.

40 44 48 66 68 71

-68 -50 -30

-15 -10 -5

1.10 1.45 1.80 -58 -42 -25

160 200

140 180

-2.5

5.8

0.72

CONTROL FUNCTIONS

OutputFrequency

MaximumDuty Cycle

ENABLE Pin TurnoffThreshold Current

ENABLE PinHysteresis Current

ENABLE PinVoltage

ENABLE Short-Circuit Current

DRAIN Supply Current

BYPASS PinCharge Current

BYPASS Pin VoltageBYPASS Hysteresis

kHz

%

µA

µA

V

µA

µA

µA

mA

mA

V

V

Min Typ Max

fOSC

DCMAX

IDIS

IHYS

VEN

IENSC

IS1

IS2

ICH1

ICH2

VBP

VBPH

Parameter Symbol(Unless Otherwise Specified)

See Figure 14

Conditions

TNY253

TNY255

TNY253TNY254TNY255TNY253TNY254TNY255TNY253TNY254TNY255

130

215

-4.5

-3.3

TNY254

ENABLE Open(MOSFET Switching)

See Note B, C

TJ = 25 °C115 140

265

-2.0

-5.0 -3.5

-4.0 -1.0

5.6 6.1

0.60 0.85

UnitsSOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 °C

TNY253

TNY255 67TNY254

TJ = -40 °C to 125 °C

TJ = 125 °C -68 -52 -45

VEN = 0 V, TJ = -40 °C to 125 °C

VEN = 0 V, TJ = 125 °C -58 -45 -38

VBP = 0 V, TJ = 25 °C

See Note D, E VBP = 4 V, TJ = 25 °C See

Note D, E

64 69

-4.8 -1.8

-6.0 -3.0

170 215

TNY253TNY254TNY255

S1 Open

See Note A

IEN = -25 µA

VEN = 0 V (MOSFET Not Switching) See Note B

See Note D

TNY253/254/255

11Rev E02/12

Conditions Parameter Symbol SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 °C See Figure 14 (Unless Otherwise Specified)

di/dt = 12.5 mA/µsTJ = 25 °C

di/dt = 25 mA/µsTJ = 25 °C

di/dt = 80 mA/µsTJ = 25 °C

135 150 165

230 255 280

255 280 310

170 240

170 215

200 250

100 150

125 135 145

70

31 36 50 60

23 27

37 45

50 700

50

50

ILIMIT

Note F

IINIT

tLEB

tILD

RDS(ON)

IDSS

BVDSS

tR

tF

mA

mA

ns

ns

°C

°C

Ω

µA

V

ns

ns

Current Limit

Initial CurrentLimit

Leading EdgeBlanking Time

Current LimitDelay

Thermal ShutdownTemperature

Thermal ShutdownHysteresis

ON-StateResistance OFF-State DrainLeakage Current BreakdownVoltage

Rise Time

Fall Time

Min Typ Max Units

CIRCUIT PROTECTION

OUTPUT

VBP = 6.2 V, VEN = 0 V,

VDS = 560 V, TJ = 125 °C

TJ = 25 °CTJ = 100 °C

TJ = 25 °CTJ = 100 °C

TNY253/TNY254ID = 25 mA

Measured with Figure 10 Schematic.

TNY253

TNY254

TNY255

VBP = 6.2 V, VEN = 0 V,

IDS = 100 µA, TJ = 25 °C

TNY253TNY254TNY255TNY253TNY254TNY255

TJ = 25 °CSee Note G

TNY255ID = 33 mA

See Figure 17TJ = 25 °C

TJ = 25 °C

0.65 xILIMIT(MIN)

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

12

NOTES:A. For a threshold with a negative value, negative hysteresis is a decrease in magnitude of the corresponding threshold.

B. Total current consumption is the sum of IS1 and IDSS when ENABLE pin is shorted to ground (MOSFET not switching) and the sum of IS2 and IDSS when ENABLE pin is open (MOSFET switching).

C. Since the output MOSFET is switching, it is difficult to isolate the switching current from the supply current at the DRAIN. An alternative is to measure the BYPASS pin current at 6.2 V.

D. BYPASS pin is not intended for sourcing supply current to external circuitry.

E. See typical performance characteristics section for BYPASS pin start-up charging waveform.

F. For current limit at other di/dt values, refer to current limit vs. di/dt curve under typical performance characteristics.

G. This parameter is derived from the change in current limit measured at 5X and 10X of the di/dt shown in the ILIMIT specification.

Figure 14. TinySwitch General Test Circuit.

PI-2211-061898

0.1 μF

10 V50 V

470 Ω5 W S2

S1

470 Ω

NOTE: This test circuit is not applicable for current limit or output characteristic measurements.

D EN

BPS

S

S

S

S

Conditions Parameter Symbol SOURCE = 0 V; TJ = -40 to 125 °C See Figure 14 (Unless Otherwise Specified)

50 0.5

tEN

tDST

V

µs

µs

DRAIN Supply Voltage

Output Enable Delay

Output Disable Setup Time

Min Typ Max Units

OUTPUT (cont.)

TNY253TNY254TNY255 10

14

TNY253/254/255

13Rev E02/12

1.1

1.0

0.9-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

BREAKDOWN vs. TEMPERATURE

PI-

2213

-040

901

Typical Performance Characteristics

Figure 17. Current Limit Envelope.

Figure 15. TinySwitch Duty Cycle Measurement.

PI-2194-062398

ENABLE

tP

tEN

tP =

1

2fOSCfor TNY253/254

DCMAX

tP =

1

fOSCfor TNY255

Figure 16. TinySwitch Output Enable Timing.

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125

FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATUREP

I-22

38-0

3300

1

0.8

1.31.21.1

0.90.8

1.0

00 1 2 6 83

Time (μs)

DR

AIN

Cur

rent

(no

rmal

ized

)

PI-

2248

-090

198

4 5 7

0.70.60.50.40.30.20.1

ILIMIT(MAX) @ 25 °C

ILIMIT(MIN) @ 25 °C

IINIT(MIN)

tLEB (Blanking Time)

PI-2048-033001

DRAINVOLTAGE

HV

0 V

90%

10%

90%

t2

t1

D = t1t2

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

14

Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.00 12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100

di/dt in mA/s

TNY253 CURRENT LIMIT vs. di/dt

PI-

2230

-082

798

Cu

rren

t L

imit

(No

rmal

ized

to

12.

5 m

A/s

)

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.00 50 100 150 200 250

di/dt in mA/s

TNY254 CURRENT LIMIT vs. di/dt

PI-

2232

-082

798

Cu

rren

t L

imit

(No

rmal

ized

to

25

mA

/s)

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.00 160 320 480 640 800

di/dt in mA/s

TNY255 CURRENT LIMIT vs. di/dt

PI-

2234

-082

798

Cu

rren

t L

imit

(No

rmal

ized

to

80

mA

/s)

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125

CURRENT LIMIT vs. TEMPERATURE

PI-

2236

-033

0011.4

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Time (ms)

BYPASS PIN START-UP WAVEFORM

PI-

2240

-082

898

BY

PA

SS

Pin

Vo

ltag

e (V

)

7

DRAIN Voltage (V)

Dra

in C

urre

nt (m

A)

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC300

250

200

100

50

150

00 2 4 6 8 10

PI-

2221

-033

001

TNY253 1.00TNY254 1.00TNY255 1.33

Scaling Factors:

TNY253/254/255

15Rev E02/12

PI-2076-040110

1

A

K

J1

4

L

G

8 5

C

N

PDIP-8 (P Package)

D S .004 (.10)

J2

-E-

-D-

B

-F-

DIM

ABCGHJ1J2 KLMNPQ

Inches

0.367-0.3870.240-0.260 0.125-0.1450.015-0.0400.120-0.1400.057-0.0680.014-0.0220.008-0.0150.100 BSC0.030 (MIN)0.300-0.3200.300-0.3900.300 BSC

mm

9.32-9.836.10-6.603.18-3.680.38-1.023.05-3.561.45-1.730.36-0.560.20-0.382.54 BSC0.76 (MIN)7.62-8.137.62-9.917.62 BSC

Notes:1. Package dimensions conform to JEDEC specification MS-001-AB for standard dual in-line (DIP) package .300 inch row spacing (PLASTIC) 8 leads (issue B, 7/85).2. Controlling dimensions are inches.3. Dimensions shown do not include mold flash or other protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .006 (.15) on any side. 4. D, E and F are reference datums on the molded body.

H

M

P

Q P08A

Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

100

10 600

DRAIN Voltage (V)

DR

AIN

Cap

acit

ance

(pF)

COSS vs. DRAIN VOLTAGE

10

PI-

2223

-033

001

200 400

TNY253 1.00TNY254 1.00TNY255 1.33

Scaling Factors:50

30

40

10

20

00 200 400 600

DRAIN Voltage (V)

Po

wer

(mW

)

DRAIN CAPACITANCE POWER

PI-

2225

-033

001

TNY253 1.00TNY254 1.00TNY255 1.33

Scaling Factors:

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

16

PI-2077-040110

1

A

J1

4L

8 5

C

G08A

SMD-8 (G Package)D S .004 (.10)

J2

E S .010 (.25)

-E-

-D-

B

-F-

M

J3

DIM

ABCGHJ1J2J3J4 KLMPα

Inches

0.367-0.3870.240-0.260 0.125-0.1450.004-0.0120.036-0.0440.057-0.0680.048-0.0530.032-0.0370.007-0.0110.010-0.0120.100 BSC0.030 (MIN)0.372-0.388

0-8°

mm

9.32-9.836.10-6.603.18-3.680.10-0.300.91-1.121.45-1.731.22-1.350.81-0.940.18-0.280.25-0.302.54 BSC0.76 (MIN)9.45-9.86

0-8°

Notes:1. Package dimensions conform to JEDEC specification MS-001-AB (issue B, 7/85) except for lead shape and size.2. Controlling dimensions are inches. 3. Dimensions shown do not include mold flash or other protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .006 (.15) on any side.4. D, E and F are reference datums on the molded body.

K

Gα

H

.004 (.10)J4

P

.010 (.25) M A S

.420

.046 .060 .060 .046

.080Pin 1

.086.186

.286

Solder Pad Dimensions

Revision Notes Date

A - 02/99

B1. Leading edge blanking time (tLEB) typical and minimum values increased to improve design flexibility.2. Minimum DRAIN supply current (IS1, IS2) eliminated as it has no design revelance.

07/01

C

1. Updated package reference.2. Corrected VR1 in Figure 12.3. Corrected storage temperature, θJA and θJC and updated nomenclature in parameter table.4. Corrected spacing and font sizes in figures.

D1. Corrected θJA for P/G package.2. Updated DIP-8 and SMD-8 Package Drawings. 3. Figure 10 caption and text description modified.

04/03

E 1. Changed SOA limit. 02/12

TNY253/254/255

17Rev E02/12

Notes

Rev E 02/12

TNY253/254/255

18

For the latest updates, visit our website: www.powerint.comPower Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein. POWER INTEGRATIONS MAKES NO WARRANTY HEREIN AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

Patent InformationThe products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations patents may be found at www.powerint.com. Power Integrations grants its customers a license under certain patent rights as set forth at http://www.powerint.com/ip.htm.

Life Support PolicyPOWER INTEGRATIONS PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF POWER INTEGRATIONS. As used herein:

1. A Life support device or system is one which, (i) is intended for surgical implant into the body, or (ii) supports or sustains life, and (iii) whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury or death to the user.

2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.

The PI logo, TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, LinkSwitch, DPA-Switch, PeakSwitch, CAPZero, SENZero, LinkZero, HiperPFS, HiperTFS, HiperLCS, Qspeed, EcoSmart, Clampless, E-Shield, Filterfuse, StakFET, PI Expert and PI FACTS are trademarks of Power Integrations, Inc. Other trademarks are property of their respective companies. ©2012, Power Integrations, Inc.

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