TNPSC - Vetrii IAS Study Circlevetriias.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/TNPSC_Current_Affairs_Tamil_January_2018.pdfVetrii IAS Study Circle (CURRENT AFFAIRS) Main Office at Vetrii IAS

Vetrii IAS Study Circle

(CURRENT AFFAIRS)

Main Office atVetrii IAS Study Circle

New No.1, 9th Street, F Block, 1st Avenue, Chinthamani, Anna Nagar (E),Chennai - 600 102

- 044-26265326 - 9600124042 / 9840097666

www.vetriias.com

Vetrii IAS Study CircleNo.189/1, Meyanoor Road, Near ARRS Multiplex,

Opp. Venkateshwara Complex, Salem - 4 0427-2330307 / 9442740307

Vetrii IAS Study Circle15/1, Kahiresan Kovil Road,

AEO Office Upstairs, Kovilpatti - 628502 9003790335

Our Branches

TNPSC

k2018

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VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLEF Block New No. 1, 9th Street,1st Avenue Main Road, Chinthamani,Anna Nagar (E), Chennai - 102.Phone: 044 - 26265326 / 9600124042 / 9840097666www.vetriias.comE-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

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6


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7


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8


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9


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10


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11


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Vetrii IAS Academy

12


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13


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14


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15

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16

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17

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18


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19


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Vetrii IAS Academy

20


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Vetrii IAS Academy

2016-17k; fy;tpahz;by; Njrpa mstpy; cau;fy;tp Nru;f;ifapy; jkpo;ehL

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India's (India's Polar Satelite Launch Ve-hicle, in its forty second flight,

PSLV - C40)

twD

23


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24

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[ >>o_ V ku u 2km x D.BV >D VV gpupl;ld; nghJj;Nju;jy; ,e;jpa tk;rhtspapdu; 56Ngh; Ntl;ghsuhf fskpwf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,e;jepiyapy; Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl;l ,e;jpa tk;rh tsp apdupy;> njhopyhsu; fl;rpapd; rhu;gpy; vl;L NgUk;> fd;ru;Ntbt; fl;rpapd; rhu;gpy; Ie;J NgUk; ntw;wpg; ngw;Ws;sdh;. ,e;j Nju;jypy; njhopyhsu; fl;rp rhu;gpy; gpup];lhy; nt];l; njhFjpapy; jkpo;tk;rhtsp ngz; jq;fk; nlNghdhh; Nghl;bapl;lhh;. ,tiu vjpu;j;J fd;ru;Ntbt; fl;rpia rhu;e;j mdhngy; lhy; Nghl;bapl;lhh;. thf;F vz;zpf;if Kbtpy; jq;fk; nlNghdhh; 47>213 thf;Ffs; ngw;whh;. fd;ru;Ntl;bt; fl;rpia Nru;e;j mdhngy; lhy; 9>877 thf;Ffs; ngw;hh;. ,jd; %yk; 30 rjtPj thf;Ffs; tpj;jpahrj;jpy; jq;fk; nlNghdhh;> mdhngy; lhiy Njhw;fbj;J ntw;wpg;ngw;whh;.

25

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 cD

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fhq;Nfrd;JiwKfk;:

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cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa ePu;topf;Fif nkf;rpNfhtpy;

fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

‘mth Gay;” fh];tu; jPitj; jhf;fpaJ.

10tJ ‘cyf czT kw;Wk; tptrha kw;w $Lif” n[u;kdp

ehl;bd; ngu;ypd; efupy; eilngw;wJ.

‘`hu;gh” vd;w ngaupy; VTfizia ghfp];jhdpd; flw;gil Nrhjpj;Js;sJ.

I.ehtpd; Gjpa epue;jukpy;yhj cWg;gpdu;fshf <FtNlhupy; cs;s nà;dh>

,tupNfh];l;> Fitj;> ngU> Nghye;J kw;Wk; neju;yhe;J Mfpa MW ehLfs;

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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tk;rhtspiar; Nru;e;j utp Nkdd; Nju;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;shu;.

cD |>_ >k_

26

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018cD

c[ tB Vu ]A WB> V ckV^m. fhw;W khRghl;il vjpu;j;J NghuhLtjw;fhf 100kP cauj;jpy; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa fhw;W

Rj;jpfupg;G epiyakhd [Ptd; ];Nkhf; NfhGuj;ij Nrhjid mbg;gilapy; rPdhf; fhl;bAs;sJ.

,J rPd mwptpay; mfhlkp epWtdj;jpd; Gtp Rw;Wr;#oy; epWtdj;jpd; Muha;r;rpahsu;fshy; Nrhjidf;Fl;gl;L tUfpwJ.

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EA VA B_ V>V[ AIf;fpa mnkupf;fh kj Rje;jpuj;ij fLikahf kPwpajw;fhf ghfp];jhid’rpwg;G

fz;fhzpg;G gl;baypy; Nru;j;Js;sJ.

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Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; Neha;fSf;F ,ilapyhd kugZ njhlu;fis fz;lwptNjhL gy;NtW ,d gpd;ddp> kz;lyq;fspypUe;J jyh xU egiu cs;slf;fpaJ ,j;jpl;lk; MFk;.

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: Neghsj;jpd; kfj;jhd kpd;rf;jpj; jpwid ntspg;gLj;JtJk; kw;Wk; midj;J gq;Fjhuu;fisAk; xNu Filapd; fPo; ,izg;gjhFk;.

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27

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 cD

x>_ xBV g_V s\VD JD *A M];jpNuypahtpy; Mspy;yh tpkhdk; %yk; Kjd;Kiwahf kPl;Gg;gzp

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tifapy; kPl;G gzpfspy; Mspy;yh tpkhdj;ij gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;J me;j ehL Nrhjid

mbg;gilapy; gy jpl;lq;fis nray;gLj;jp tUfpwJ.

]BV iBV >Du\pahtplk; ,Ue;J &.39000 Nfhb nrytpy; VTfiz thq;Ftjw;fhd xg;ge;jk; tpiutpy;

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]VVV[--

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28


\|\VV|

10km cVsB mD

czT kw;Wk; Ntshz;ikf;fhd 10tJ cyfshtpa fUj;juq;fk; (Global forum for food & Agriculture) n[u;kdpapd; ngu;ypdpy; eilngw;wJ.

fUg;nghUs;: fhy;eilfspd; vjpu;fhyj;ij tbtikj;jy; - epiyahd nghWg;ghd

jpwikahf cs;sJ.

cyfshtpa Ntshz; czT Jiwapd; vjpu;fhyj;ijg; gw;wpa kj;jpa Nfs;tpfis ikakhff; nfhz;l ru;tNjr khehL MFk;. ,J tptrha mikr;ru;fspd; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa khehlhf cs;sJ. ,J ru;tNjr gRik thuj;jpy; eilngw;wJ.

k> >Va]^

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eilngw;w rut;Njr ngz; njhopyjpgu;fspd;

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ele;Js;sJ.

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xVV c k> \[ \k |

GJnly;ypapy; 2018 khu;r;-y; cyf tu;j;jf

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miof;fg;gl;Ls;shu;.

: ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; gutyhd kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahd

Kiwapy; ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; gug;gsit cyf tu;j;jf mikg;G cWjpg;gLj;Jk;.

29

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 \VV|

VVF mwA D\hq;fha; xj;Jiog;G mikg;gpd; (SCO

– The Shanghai Cooperation organisation) ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd $l;lj;jpy; ,e;jpah Kjy; Kiwahf gq;Nfw;wJ. ,e;epiyapy; ,e;j mikg;gpd; uhZt xj;Jiog;G njhlu;ghd 2 ehs; MNyhridf; $l;lk; nga;[pq;fpy; eilngw;wJ.

SCO cWg;gpdu;fs;:

1. rPdh 2. f[f];jhd; 3. fpupfp];jhd; 4. u\;ah 5. j[pfp];jhd;

6. c];ngfp];jhd; 7. ,e;jpah 8. ghfp];jhd;

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Ntshz; kw;Wk; tdtpay; Jiwfspy; xj;Jiog;G

Nkk;gLj;j> 4tJ ,e;jpah - Mrpahd; mikr;ru;fSf;F

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r%f fyhr;rhu rKjhaj;jpw;fhd Mrpahdpd; Jizg;

nghJr; nrayhsu; kw;Wk; 10 Mrpahd; cWg;gpdu; ehLfspd;

jiytu;fSk; fye;Jf; nfhz;ldu;.

nraYj;jpfis tYthf vLj;Jr; nrhy;yTk;> gapu;fs;>

kPd;gpbj;jy; kw;Wk; fhy;eilfspd; Nkk;gl;l cw;gj;jp

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,ize;j Ma;it Nkw;nfhs;tJ Nghd;wit ,e;jr;

re;jpg;gpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fq;fshFk;.

Ntshz; kw;Wk; tdtpay; Jiwfspy; xj;Jiog;ig

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd> 5tJ ,e;jpah - Mrpahd;

mikr;ru;fSf;F ,ilapyhd re;jpg;G G&idapy;

eilngWnkd ,r;re;jpg;gpy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

4km gEBV[ ]BV \k ]A

Vzkm V|^

x>_ D _om^ \uD \V

l_ BV, VmVzkm

kwzD WEB _o \VW x>_k

s kV_ >V km^V.

Vm\V ]BVs_ Vm

Vzkm V|^ x>_

\V _o szm.

30


D2018_ ]BVs[ VV>V kE 7.3% 2018k; Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp 7.63 rjtPjkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W cyf tq;fp fzpj;Js;sJ. &gha; Nehl;L thg];> ruf;F-Nrit tup mkyhf;fk; Nghd;w eltbf;iffshy; njhlf;fj;jpy; gpd;dilT Vw;gl;lhYk;> fle;j 2017-k; Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhuk; 6.7 rjtPjk; tsu;r;rp mile;jJ. mJ> 2018-k; Mz;by;> 7.3 rjtPjkhf caUk;.mLj;J 2 Mz;Lfspy; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhuk; NkYk; tsu;r;rp mile;J> 7.5 rjtPjkhf ,Uf;Fk;. kw;w tsUk; ehLfSld; xg;gpLifapy;> mLj;j 10 Mz;Lfspy; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp mguptpjkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j tsu;r;rpia vl;Ltjw;F> KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis ,e;jpa muR Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

x[kmV ^:

njhopyhsu;fs; re;ij> fy;tp> Rfhjhuk; Mfpa Jiwfspy; rPu;jpUj;jk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;L> Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. njhopyhsu; Jiwiag; nghUj;j tiu> kw;w tsUk; ehLfSld; xg;gpLifapy;> ngz; njhopyhsu;fspd; gq;fspg;G ,e;jpahtpy; Fiwthf cs;sJ. vdNt> ngz; njhopyhsu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ntz;Lk;. Ntiyapd;ikiaf; Fiwg;gJ> jdpahh; KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gJ> epYitapy; cs;s thuhf; fld;fis t#ypg;gJ Mfpatw;iwr; nra;jhy;> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapy; ,e;jpah Kd;NdWk;.

km kD V|^ Bo_]BVz 62km D

nghUshjhu mbg;gilapy; tsu;e;J tUk; ehLfspy;> ,e;jpahTf;F 62tJ ,lk; fpilj;Js;sjhf cyf nghUshjhu $l;likg;G mwpf;ifapl;Ls;sJ. cyf nghUshjhu $l;likg;G rhu;gpy;> nghUshjhuj;jpy; tsu;e;J tUk; ehLfs; gl;bay; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jpy;> ,e;jpahTf;F 62tJ ,lKk;> gf;fj;J ehLfshd rPdhTf;F 26tJ ,lKk;> ghfp];jhDf;F 47tJ ,lKk; fpilj;Js;sJ. ,yq;iff;F 40 tJ ,lk; fpilj;Js;sJ.fle;jhz;L ,Nj Nghy; elj;jg;gl;l Ma;tpy;> ,e;jpah 60tJ ,lk; ngw;wpUe;j epiyapy;> ,e;ehz;L 62tJ ,lk; fpilj;js;sJ.

1.ehu;Nt ehLk;> 2.mau;yhe;J> 3.yf;rk;ugu;f;> 4.Rtpl;ru;yhe;J cs;spl;l ehLfs; mLj;jLj;j ,lq;fSk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

VVVD

31


k> cu] B_ (Global Manufacturing Index)

ru;tNjr cw;gj;jpf;fhd gl;baypy; ,e;jpahtpw;F 30tJ ,lj;ij cyfg; nghUsh-

jhu mikg;G toq;fpAs;sJ. vjpu;fhy

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njd;nfhupah> n[u;kdp> Rtpr;ru;yhe;J>

rPdh> nrf; FbauR kw;Wk; mnkupf;fh

Mfpa ehLfs; Kd;dpiy ngw;Ws;sd.

Rtpr;ru;yhe;jpY;ss lhNth]; efupy;

ntspaplg;gl;l mwpf;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd;

cw;gj;jpJiw 30 Mz;Lfspy; ruhrupahf

7rjtPjk; tsu;r;rpaile;J tUtjhfTk; ,J ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 15

Kjy; 20 rjtPjkhf cs;sJ vd;Wk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

]BVs_ VB^ cu] >uVo\V W] kA ,e;jpahtpy; ehzaq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; gzpia kj;jpa muR jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp

itj;Js;sJ. re;ijfspy; mjpfstpy; ehzaq;fs; Njf;fk; mile;J cs;sjhy;> ,g;gzpia

jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlu;e;J &.5 kw;Wk; &.10 cs;spl;l ehzaq;fs;

jahupf;fg;gl;L te;j epiyapy; nrd;w thuk; Kjy; ,e;j Miyfspy; ehzaq;fs; jahupf;Fk;

gzp jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jw;NghJ ehzaq;fs; mr;rbj;J tUk; efuq;fs; 1. Kk;ig 2. nfhy;fj;jh 3.Ijughj; 4.neha;lh

Vetrii IAS Academy

VVVD

32


29 nghUs;fs; kw;Wk; 51

NritfSf;fhd ruf;F-Nrit

tup ([pv];b) Fiwf;fg;gl;ls;sJ.

ngUk;ghyhd iftpidg;

nghUs;fSf;F tup Kw;wpYkhf

ePf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kj;jpa

epjpaikr;ru; mUz; N[l;yp

jiyikapy; jpy;ypapd; [pv];b

fTd;rpypd; 25tJ $l;lk; eilngw;wJ. ,jpy; khepy mikr;ru;fs;> epjpaikr;rf mjpfhupfs;

cs;spl;Nlhu; gq;Nfw;wdu;. ,e;j tupf; Fiwg;G tUk; 25-k; Njjp Kjy; mkYf;F tUfpwJ.

kUjhzpNfhd;> kpl;lha;> gNah Bry;> FbePUf;fhd (20 ypl;lu; kl;Lk;) [pv];b tup

Fiwe;Js;sJ. vz;nza; vLf;fg;gl;l muprpj; jtpLf;F 5 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;j [pv];b

Kw;wpYkhf ePf;fg;gl;Ls;s;J. tptrhag; nghUs;fSf;F nty;ntl; JzpfSf;fhd [pv];b 12

rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5 rjtPjj;Jf; nfhz;L tug;gl;Ls;sJ. nrhl;L ePu;g; ghrdk; mikf;Fk;

Foha; cs;spl;l fUtpfs;> tptrhapfs; gad;gLj;Jk; njspg;ghd; fUtpfs; Mfpatw;Wf;F

18 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;j [pv];b 12 rjtPjkhff; Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cuk; jahupf;fg; gad;gLk;

gh];Nghupf; mkpyj;Jf;Fk; tup Fiwe;Js;sJ. jdpahu; epWtdq;fs; tPl;l cgNahfj;Jf;fhf

tpw;gid nra;Ak; vupthA rpypz;lUf;fhd [pv];b 18 cgNahfj;Jf;fhf tpw;gid nra;Ak;

vupthA rpypz;lUf;fhd [pv];b 18 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5 rjtPjkhff; Fiwe;Js;sJ. gioa

fhu; cs;spl;l Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fSf;fhd [pv];b 28 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 18 rjtPjkhff;

Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,J jtpu nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;;fhd NgUe;Jfs; (capup vupnghUspy;

,aq;Fgit) kQ;rs; nghb> ituk; cs;spl;l tpiy cau;e;j fw;fs;> mwptpay; Ma;Tf;fhd

rhjdq;fs;> Nfspf;if G+q;fhf;fSf;fhd EioTf; fl;lz tup Njhy; nghUs;fs; jahupf;Fk;

rpy;yiw Ntiy> nghJf; fopT Rj;jpfupg;G epiya Nritfs;> Rw;Wyh Nritfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F

[pv];b tup Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fle;j 2017 Mz;L [_iy 1-k; Njjp [pv];b tup mkYf;F te;jJ. 5> 12> 18> 28 rjtPjk;

vd ehd;F mLf;fhf [pv];b tup tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. khjk;NjhWk; [pv];b fTd;rpy; $l;lk;

elj;jg;gLk; mjpy; Njitahd khw;wq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. Kf;fpakhd

gy;NtW nghUs;fSf;fhd tupia khepyq;fspd; fUj;JfSf;F Vw;g kj;jpa muR Fiwj;J

tUfpwJ. Kd;djhf> ghf;nfl;Lfspy; milf;fg;gl;L tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;L goq;fs;>

fha;fwpfs;> czTg; nghUs;fs;> CWfha; tiffs;> fLfpy; ,Ue;J jahupf;fg;gLk; rh]; kw;Wk;

[hk;> Ke;jpupg; gUg;G> ru;f;fiu Nehahspfs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,d;Rypd; kUe;J> mfu;gj;jpfs;

cs;spl;l gy;NtW nghUs;fSf;fhd tup Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ.

29 V^z zA

[pv];b fTd;rpypd; 25-tJ $l;lk;:

VVVD

33


100%[Mx>|\]B \k D >\ \V >\l_ 11.1.18 [ >m. ]_ u V E_ k>D, |\V m_ 100 >T> [MB x>|z \] A>_ >m. c VV>V \[ kV] D k 23 >] x>_ 26 >] xB sVm V_ c^ VkV _ um. ]_ c V|^ ]BVs[ xB m_ [MB x>| \uV^D kl_ x[uVV \] ]_ xB x^ |.

W] gB][ B_V|^\VW zD \]B zD W] V> c Wk ]B EB\A ]_ ckVm>V[ W]z gBD. k kkVB \VWz m V|>uzD V[ VV>V]_ W] W>[\B V|kk>uzD > gBD _k m kwzD. n>V|z x > gBD \VuB\| A]B >k WB\D FB|k.

W] gBD E >k_^

VVVD

34


]

D..[ >Vz] \DV| W] ]D 2020D g| k A ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fspd; (vk;.gp) njhFjp Nkk;ghl;L epjpj; jpl;lk;> 2020-Mk; Mz;L khu;r; 31tiu ePl;bf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kd;djhf> ,e;jj; jpl;lk; 12MtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;l fhyj;Jld; (2012 Kjy; 2017 tiu) Kbtiltjhf ,Ue;jJ. vdpDk;> ,jid 14tJ epjpf;FO fhykhd 2020 khu;r; 31Mk; Njjp tiu ePl;bf;f kj;jpa mikr;ruitf; $l;lj;jpy; mDkjp mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

\V\V V] V sV BVV gQ;rhg; khepyj;jpy; xLf;fg;gl;l Fbkf;fspd; eyDf;fhf kfhj;kh fhe;jp rh;;ghj; tpfh]; Nah[dh jpl;lj;ij gQ;rhg; khepy muR njhlq;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jj; jpl;lk; rKjhaj;jpd; rpukg;gl;l gpupTfspd; cs;slq;fpa tsu;r;rpia Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,J me;jpNahjah nfhs;iffspd; tupirapy; kw;Wk; khepyj;jpd; fpuhkg;Gwg; gFjpfspy; nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

VD: khepy murhy; njhlq;fg;gl;l gy;NtW eyj;jpl;lq;fspd; eyd;fis ngwhky; ,oe;j Vio kw;Wk; $wpa FLk;gq;fis milahsk; fhz;gJ MFk;.

D sQVM zs 4 A]B ] sm ehl;by; ,sk; tpQ;Qhdpfs; kw;Wk; Ma;thsh;;;fis Cf;Ftpf;f ehd;F Gjpa jpl;lq;fis mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk; mikr;rfk; mwptpj;Js;sJ. mitfshtd:

Muha;r;rp rpwg;G jd;ikf;fhd Mrpupah;; $l;LwT (TARE – Teacher Associateship for research Excellence) jpl;lk;

Xtu;rP]; tprpl;bq; lhf;Nlhuy; bgy;nyh\pg;

Gfo;ngw;w Gydha;thsh; tpUJ

Mt;rhh; (AWSAR – Augmenting writing skills for Artculating Research)

,e;jj; jpl;lq;fs; Kjd;ikahf tpsq;Fk; tpQ;Qhdp Kiwapy; ,sk; jpwikf;F Muk;g mq;fPfhuk; kw;Wk; ntFkjp Mfpatw;iw mspf;fpwJ.

vk;.gp.f;fspd; njhFjp Nkk;ghl;L epjp jpl;lk;: ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; xt;nthU kf;fsit cWg;gpdUf;Fk; Mz;Lf;F jyh &.1 Nfhb njhFjp Nkk;ghl;L epjp xJf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;njhifiaf; nfhz;L mtu;fs; jq;fs; njhFjpfspy; FbePu;> fy;tp> nghJ Rfhjhuk;> rhiy mikj;jy; cs;spl;l gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. fle;j 1993-94k; Mz;L Kjy; ,e;jj; jpl;lk; mkypy; cs;sJ.

35

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 ]

xu \z V>V c]kV>D ]D kzpg;g+u; murhq;fk; Vio kw;Wk; CdKw;w kf;fSf;fhd Rfhjhu cj;juthjkhd ‘Kjyikr;rh; - fP i`f;nry;fp nlq;ngq; (Chief minister – gi Hakshelgi Tengbang) vd;gij epWtpAs;sJ.

,j;jpl;lkhdJ muR kUj;Jtkidfspy; Rfhjhu ikaq;fs; kw;Wk; gpw Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l jdpahu; kUj;Jtkidfspy; ViofSf;F ,ytr rpfpr;ir mspf;f topnra;fpwJ.

,j;jpl;lk; VO Kf;fpa milahsk; fhzg;gl;l Kf;fpa tpahjpfSf;F rpfpr;iraspf;f jFjpAs;s FLk;gj;jpw;F &.2 ,yl;rk; tiu fhg;gPL mspf;fpwJ.

,ja Neha;fs;> euk;gpay; epiyikfs;> rpWePuf tpahjpfs;> fy;yPuy; tpahjp> Gw;WNeha;> Gjpa gpwg;G rhu;e;j kw;Wk; jPf;fhaq;fs; Nghd;wit Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Neha;fshFk;.

VV >ix EkVM BVV fhyepiy nefpo;jpwd; Ntshz;ikia Nkk;gLj;Jtij Neha;f;fkhff; nfhz;l &.4000 Nfhb kjpg;Gs;s ,j;jpl;lj;ij kfhuh\;buh xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ.

,j;jpl;lk; 2018-19k; Mz;L Kjy; 2022-24 tiu njhlUk; 15 khtl;lq;fspy; 5142 fpuhkq;fspy; ,e;j jpl;lk; mky;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,j;jpl;lkhdJ fy;tp> Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; fpuhkGw Ra ek;gpf;if Mfpa Jiwfspy; gzpahw;wpa r%f Mh;tyh; kw;Wk; gj;k tpG\d; tpUJ ngw;w ehdh[p Nj\;Kf; mth;fspd; ngauhy; njhlq;fg;gLfpwJ.

VD: kz;zpd; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;JNjhL> fhyepiy khWghLfis jhq;Fk; czT jhdpa tiffis cUthf;FtJ MFk;. NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;l gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ePu; fpilg;gjd; tpisthf gapu; Kiwfspy; khw;wq;fis nfhz;L tUtjhFk;.

>mV^^

khepyj;jpYs;s ,yf;fpa kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu fiyQh;fSf;F epjpA-jtp toq;Ftjw;fhf ,j;jpl;lj;ij njhlq;fpaJ.

,j;jpl;lk; Kf;fpakhf khepy ,yf;fpak; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu fiyQu;fspd; eyDf;fhf njhlq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; khepyj;jpYs;s ,yf;fpa kw;Wk; fiyQu;fSf;F khje;NjhWk; &.1200 epjpcjtp toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

kj;jpa ghuhSkd;w tptfhuq;fs; mikr;rfk; mjd; nray;ghLfis b[pl;ly; Mf;Ftjw;Fk; kw;Wk; fhfpjkpy;yhky; nra;tjw;Fk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,-rd;rhj; kw;Wk; khepy rl;lkd;wq;fspy; ,-tpjhd; Mfpa jpl;lq;fis epWt cs;sJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ghuhSkd;wk; kw;Wk; khepy rl;lkd;wq;fspd; Mtzq;fs;> tpthjq;fs;> Ngr;Rfs;> FO mwpf;iffs; kw;Wk; Nfs;tpfs; Mfpatw;iw b[pl;ly; kakhf;FtJld; mtw;iw ,izajsj;jpy; gjpNtw;wk; nra;ag;gLk;.

x>V \] VV VB>V BVV

-[V \uD -s>V[ ]D

36

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018]

_ \V sV ]DnghUshjhu tptfhuq;fSf;fhd kj;jpa

fhgpdl; fkpl;b fq;if ejp kPjhd

1380fp.kP `hy;bah - thudhrp Njrpa

ePh;top - 1 jlj;jpy; top nrYj;Jjy; jpwd;

mjpfupg;gjw;fhd ,j;jpl;lj;ij xg;Gjy;

mspj;Js;sJ.

,j;jpl;lkhdJ &. 5370 Nfhb &ghAld;

cyf tq;fpapd; njhopy;El;g cjtp kw;Wk;

KjyPl;L MjuTld; nray;gLj;jg;gl

cs;sJ. ,j;jpl;lk; khu;r; 2008w;Fs;

epiwtilAk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

NARI k>D \uD -DkV k> ]D NARI tiyjsk; kj;jpag; ngz;fs; kw;Wk;

Foe;ij Kd;Ndw;w mikr;rfk; ngz;fSf;F mjpfhukspj;JYf;fhf NARI Md;iyd; tiyjsj;ij epWtpAs;sJ.

NARI tiyjsk; ngz;fSf;F jq;fs; tho;f;ifiag; ghjpf;Fk; gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;j jfty;fis toq;Fk; ,-rk;thj; tiyjsk;. kj;jpa ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ij Kd;Ndw;w mikr;rfk;> muR rhuh epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; rpty; r%fq;fs; mikr;rfj;ijj; njhlu;G nfhs;tjw;fhd Nkilia toq;Ftjw;fhf ,-rk;thj; tiyjsj;ij epWtpAs;sJ.

,J ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfspd; eyDf;fhf gads;s nfhs;iffisAk;> eltbf;iffisAk; cUthf;Fk;.

x>\

c>s]Dxbrh khepyj;jpYs;s ,yf;fpak;

kw;wk; fyhr;rhu fiyQu;fSf;F

Kjyikr;ru; fiy cjtpj;jpl;lj;ij

xbrh khepy muR njhlq;fp cs;sJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; khje;NjhWk;

&.1200I fiyQu;fSf;F epjpAjtp

ngWthh;fs;.

Vetrii IAS Academy

37

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 ]

,e;jpahtpy; vg;35 uf n[l; Nghu;

tpkhdq;fisj; jahupj;Jj; ju mnkupf;fhtpd;

Kd;dzp tpkhdf; fl;Lkhd kw;Wk;

ghJfhg;G epWtdkhd yhf;`Pl; khu;l;bd;

jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. ,J njhlu;ghf me;j epWt-

dk; ,e;jpahTf;F vd;W gpuj;Nafkhf n[l;

Nghu; tpkhdq;fisj; jahupg;gJ vd;W KbT

nra;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahTf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;l

cs;s me;j mjpetPd tpkhdq;fs; Kd;Ngh>

jw;NghNjh ve;jnthU tpkhdj; jahupg;G

epWtdKk; tpepNahfpf;fhj tifapyhd

jahupg;Gfshf ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk; ,e;jpahtpy;

jahupf;fg;Lk; Nghu; tpkhdq;fSf;F

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijAk;

cs;sJ.

,e;jpahTf;fhf jahupf;fg;gl

cs;s vg; 35 ufn[l; Nghu; tpkhdq;fspd;

]BVs_ V s\V >BV\ WkD ]D

msT> mtw;wpd; ntw;wp Nghd;wit ,e;jpa njhopy;Jiw cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ju Nkk;ghl;L tha;g;Gfis Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj mstpy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s cjTk;. ,e;j tpkhdq;fs; ,e;jpahtpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLtjd; %yk; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa Nghu; tpkhdq;fis cUntLf;f KbAk;. ,e;jpahtpy; tpkhdj; jahupg;G epWtdq;fSk; cUntLf;f KbAk;. ,e;jpahtpy; tpkhd ghfq;fis xd;wpizg;gJ vd;gijf; fhl;bYk;> tpkhdq;fis mq;NfNa cw;gj;jp nra;tJ vd;w #oiy cUthf;f tpUk;GfpwJ. ,e;jpahTf;F gpuj;Nafkhf toq;fg;gl cs;s n[l; Nghu; tpkhdq;fs; kpfTk; etPdkhf njhopy;El;gj;ijf; nfhz;lit. mNj Nghy; vg; 35 ufj;ijr; Nru;e;j %d;W tifahd n[l; Nghu; tpkhdq;fSk; xw;iw vd;[pidf;

nfhz;litahFk;.

cB_sz _kV[ >twD x>oD2016-17 ]B cB_s gF l[, cB_sz _kV[ l_ >twmz x>oD ]m. >tw]_ cB_s _kV[ 46.9 >T>D gzD. > >EB s_ 25.2 >T>\V c^m \]B \M>k \DV|m \ Vi k >\l_, _ol_ u \]B _s gV kVB][ 65-km ]_ u >tw cB_sm \ .. [w[ >s>V.

‘HD' V V^ xD>tw]_ ^ s WkD k ]l_ ‘HD' V V x|mm.k V V^ kwzD ]D:>tw]_ c^ ^ s Wk kVBVz k V V^, kwzD ]> x>_k wMVt 2017 . 2D >] >V k>V. 13 m 28 glm 843 V V^ >uVm k |, B_V|z km^. [l_ 30 glD V V^ kw|, 22 glD V^ |^.

38


sm

ij Kjy;ehshk; jkpo; Gj;jhz;L kw;Wk; nghq;fy; jpUehisnahl;b ,e;j Mz;Lk; gyJiwfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;w jkpou;fSf;F ngupahh; tpUJ jkpof Kj;jkpo; kd;wj;jhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. [dtup 15> 16 Mfpa ,uz;L ehl;fs; nrd;id ngupahh; jplypy; eilngWk; jpuhtplu; jpUehs; tpohtpy; ,t;tpUJfs; toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

ngupahu; tpUJ ngWgtu;fs;: 1. ebfu; tp[a; NrJgjp

2. ftpQu; nrt;tpad;

3 jpiug;gl ,af;Feu; Nfhgp eapdhh;

4. giwapirf; fiyQu; NtY Mrhd;

5. Xtpau; `hrpg;fhd;

6. ,af;Feu; ebfu; uhjhfpU\;zd; ghh;j;jpgd;

7. kuhj;jhd; tPuu; irij kh.Rg;gpukzpad;

8. ,d;dpir Ve;jy; jpUGtdk; Mj;kehjd;

9. ,af;Feu; xspg;gjpthsu; nropad;

10. ftpQu; ry;kh

11. Xtpau; mguh[pjd;

MfpNahu;f;F ngupahh; tpUJ toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

Vs VD sm ebfu; Rjpu; jy;tpf;F ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gl;;Ls;sJ. ,t;tpUJ jhNd khefuhl;rp kw;Wk; [hdftp gp rhyuk; fiyf; FOthy; ,ize;J toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

fq;f [Kdh tpUJ

gpugy eldf; fiyQu; n[a= T.mtu;fSf;F fq;f [Kdh tpUJ toq;fg;glTs;sJ. ,t;tpUJ fhyukhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l gpugy ghlypd; epidthf toq;fg;gLfpwJ. uhkhde;j rhfupd; uhkhad; vd;Dk; njhiyfhl;rp njhlupy; Kf;fpa fjhgj;jpukhd FU trpl;lu; fjhgj;jpuj;jpy; ebj;jjd; %yk; Gfo; ngw;whu;.

"WVV]' sm Nfus muR rhh;gpy; mspf;fg;gLk; kjpg;G kpf;f tpUJfspy; xd;whd ep\h fhe;jp tpUJf;F guj ehl;ba Mrpupah;fs; jdQ;rad; - rhe;jh jdQ;rad; jk;gjp Njh;T nra;ag;gl;ldh;.

ep\hfhe;jp tpUJ : ,ir kw;Wk; eldk; Mfpa Jiwfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Fgth;fis Mz;LNjhWk; Njh;T nra;J Nfus Rw;Wyhj;Jiw ,t;tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpj;J tUfpwJ. ,tu;fSf;F &.1.50 yl;rk; nuhf;fKk;> ghuhl;Lr; rhd;wpjOk; toq;fg;gLk;. ,irQhdp ,isauh[h> Nkhfpdpahl;lf; fiyQu; ghujp rpth[p MfpNahUf;F ,e;j tpUJ ,jw;F Kd;G toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

11s^

je;ij ngupahh; Kj;jkpo; kd;wk; 1995-k; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;L 24 Mz;Lfshf ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; cs;spl;l gy;NtW Jiwfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Fgtu;fSf;F tpUJ toq;fp fTutpj;J tUfpwJ.

sm

39


sBVVz E> sm: [pNah-gpypk;Ngu; tpUJ tpohtpy; tpj;ahghyDf;F rpwe;j ebiff;fhd tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ. 63-tJ [pNah gpypk;Ngu; tpUJ tpoh Kk;igapy; eilngw;wJ.

rpwe;j glj;Jf;fhd tpUJ - ,e;jp kPbak;

rpwe;j ,af;FeUf;fhd tpUJ - m];tpd; ma;au; (gNuyp fp gu;gp jpiug;glk;)

rpwe;j ebfUf;fhd tpUJ - ,u;ghd; fhd; (,e;jp kPbak;)

rpwe;j ebif tpUJ - tpj;ahghyd; (Jk;fhup RYgk;)

c u \A sm: ];ngapdpy; eilngw;w If;fpa ehLfs; cyf Rw;Wyh mikg;gpd; 14-tJ tpUJfs; toq;Fk; tpohtpy; ‘xbrhtpd; kq;fy N[hjp Rw;Wr;#oy; mwf;fl;lis” Rw;Wyh epWtdj;jpd; Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhf ngUikkpF If;fpa ehLfs; cyf Rw;Wyh mikg;gpd; tpUij ntd;wJ.

kq;fy N[hjp Rw;Wr;#oy; mwf;fl;lis: xbrhtpYs;s rpypf;fh Vupapd; fiuNahuq;fspy; Mu;gpv]; gTz;Nl\dpd; ,e;jpah

kw;Wk; ,e;jpah fpuhNkd; Nritfs; Mfpatw;why; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhd JiwahFk;.

cyfshtpa Rw;Wyh mikg;G:Rw;Wyhit epiyahf kw;Wk; cyfshtpa hPjpapy; mDff;$ba Kiwapy;

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd I.eh. rigapd; epWtdk; MFk;.

>tw B sm^ 2017-18 jkpof murpd; 2017-2018k; Mz;Lf;fhd ,yf;fpa tpUJfs; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

jha;nkhop> ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rp> jkpo; rKjha cau;T Mfpatw;wpf;F njhz;lhw;wp ngUik

Nru;j;j jkpo; NguwpQu;fs;. jd;dykw;w jiytu;fs; ngaupy; tpUJfis cUthf;fp cs;sJ.

1. jpUts;Stu; tpUJ - Nfh. ngupaz;zd;

2. ngupahu; tpUJ - gh. tsu;kjp

3. mk;Ngj;fu; tpUJ - [hu;[; Nf.N[.

4. mz;zh tpUJ - m. Rg;ukzpad;

5. fhkuh[u; tpUJ - jh.uh.jpdfud;

6. ghujpahu; tpUJ - f.ghyRg;gukzpad;

7. ghujpjhrd; tpUJ - Nf.[Ptghujp

8. jpU.tp.f. tpUJ - ghyFkhud;

9. fp.M.ng. tpRtehjk; - kUjehafk;

sm

40


18 EVz >EB Ty sm^

\]B sA

fle;j Mz;Lf;fhd Njrpa tPu jPu tpUJfSf;F 18 rpwhu;fs;

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. Njrpa mstpy; tPujPur; nray;fs; GupAk; rpwhu;fSf;F kj;jpa

muR Mz;LNjhWk; tpUJfis toq;fp nfsutpj;J tUfpwJ. ghuj; tpUJ> fPjh Nrhg;uh

tpUJ> rQ;ra; Nrhg;uh tpUJ> ghG ifjhdp tpUJ> nghJ tPu jPu tpUJ Mfpa 5 gpupTfspy;

,e;j tpUJfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;epiyapy;> 2017-k; Mz;Lf;fhd tpUJfSf;F 11

khztu;fs;> 6 khztpfs; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

1. cj;jug;gpuNjr khepyj;jpy; r%f tpNuhj rf;jpfspd; mr;RWj;jiyAk; nghUl;gLj;jhky;>

rl;l tpNuhj #jhl;l Fk;gy; Fwpj;J fhty; JiwapdUf;F Jg;G nfhLj;j ehrpah (18)

vd;w khztpf;F ghuj; tpUJ toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

2. fu;ehlf khepyj;jpy; Fsk; xd;wpy; %o;fpa 2 rpWtu;fis kPl;f Kad;w Neej;uhtjp

vk;. Rthz; (14) vd;w khztpf;F> mtUila kiwTf;Fg; gpwF fPjh Nrhg;uh tpUJ

toq;fg;glTs;sJ. Fsj;jpy; %o;fpa 16taJ khztid kPl;L ntspNa nfhz;L te;j

Nej;uhtjp kw;nwhU rpWtid kPl;f Kbahky; ePupy; %o;fp capupoe;jhu;.

3. tPujPur; nray;fspd;NghJ capupoe;j kp]huk; khepyj;ijr; Nru;e;j yhy; re;jkh (17)

kzpg;G+iur; Nru;e;j Nyhf;uhf;gk; uhN[];tup rhD (15) MfpNahUf;Fk; tPujPu tpUJfs;

toq;fg;glTs;sd.

4. gQ;rhg; khepyj;jpy; gs;sj;jpy; tpOe;J ePupy; %o;fpa gs;spg; NgUe;jpy; ,Ue;J 15

rpwhu;fisg; gj;jpukhf kPl;l fuz;tPu; rpq;(17) vd;gtUf;F rQ;ra; Nrhg;uh tpUJ

toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

5. Nkfhyaj;jpy; jPg;gw;wp vupe;j tPl;by; ,Ue;j 3 taJ jk;gpia kPl;l ngl;\;th[hd;

ngapd;yhq; (14) vd;w khztuUf;Fk;> xb]htpy; Kjiyapd; thapy; ,Ue;J jdJ

Njhopia kPl;l kk;jh jyha;(7) vd;w rpWkpf;Fk;> Nfusj;ijr; Nru;e;j nrgh];bad;

tpd;nrd;l; (13) vd;w rpWtUf;Fk; ghG ifjhdp tpUJ toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

6. uha;g;G+iur; Nru;e;j yl;Rkp ahjt; (16)> ehfhyhe;ijr; Nru;e;j khd\h (13)> rq;Nghd;

Nfhd;ahf; (18)> Nahf;Nda; (18)> rpq;if thq;]h (18)> F[uhj;ijr; Nru;e;j rk;upjp

R\py; ru;kh (17)> kpNrhuk; khepyj;ijr; Nru;e;j NrhDe;j;Ythq;fh (16)> cj;jufz;l;

khepyj;ijr; Nru;e;j gq;f[; Nrk;thy; (16)> kfhuh\;buj;ijr; Nru;e;j elhg; ,[h]; mg;Jy;

nusg; (17) xb]hitr; Nru;e;j gq;f[; kè;jh(15) MfpNahUk; tPu jPu tpUJfSf;F

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

sm

41


,e;jpahtpd; Kjd;ikahd JiwKfk; [tfu;yhy; JiwKfk; 2017-k;

Mz;Lf;fhd ‘rKj;uh ke;jd;” tpUij ntd;Ws;sJ. fly;rhu; Jiwapy; vup

nghUs; njhlu;ghd MNuhf;fpakhd Nghl;bf;F ,l;Lr; nry;tij Nehf;fkhff;

nfhz;Ls;s ,t;tpUij ge;ju;fs; fg;gy; epWtdk; toq;fpAs;sJ.

kf;fs; [dehaf fl;rpia Njhw;Wtpj;J Kg;jp Kfkj; raPj; epidthf murp

-ay; kw;Wk; nghJ tho;tpy; nrayhw;Wgtu;fSf;F Mz;LNjhWk; tpUJfs;

toq;f jPu;khdpdf;fg;gl;L mt;tifapy; Kjy;Kiwahf Kg;jp Kfkjp epidT

tpUJf;FgPfhu; Kjy;tu; epjp\; Fkhh; Nju;T nra;ag;gl;lhh;.

gpugy jpiug;gl kw;Wk; ehlf ebfukhd nrskpj;uh Rl;Nlh ghj;aha;f;F>

2018f;fhd 42tJ ru;tNjr nfhy;fj;jh fz;fhl;rpapd; NghJ> gpuhd;rpd; kpf

cau;e;j tpUij(Legion of Honour) nfhLj;Jf; nfsutpf;fg;l;lhu;.

gpnuQ;R fhyzp Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l ghuk;gupa rpd;dq;fis ehl;by;

ghJfhj;J tUtjpy; gy Mz;Lfshf jPtpu Kidg;G nrYj;jp tUfpwhu;

nly;ypiar; Nru;e;j gpugy fl;lf;fiy epGzu; I];tu;ah bg;dp];f;F nrthypah

tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

g] \ VV Vz m_ VD sm Me;jpu khepy jfty; njhopy;El;gj; Jiw mikr;rUk;> Kjy;tu; re;jpughG ehALtpd; kfDkhd ehuh NyhNf\Pf;F mg;Jy; fyhk; tpUJ toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. epu;thfj;jpy; GJikfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpajw;fhf> mtUf;F ,e;j tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ. khepy gpuptpidf;Fg; gpwF> Gjpa khepykhd Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;> gy;NtW rthy;fis vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j khepyj;ij tUk;> 2022k; Mz;Lf;Fs;Kjy; %d;W Kd;dzp khepyq;fspy; xd;whf cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kjy;tu; re;jpughG ehAL njhiyNehf;Fj; jpl;lj;ij tFj;Js;shu;.

khepyj;jpy; epu;thfj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gy;NtW GJikfisf; nfhz;L te;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ,e;j epiyapy;> vdf;F mg;Jy; fyhk; tpUij mspj;jpUg;gJ> Me;jpu khepyj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F NkYk; ghLgl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Cf;fj;ijf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;whu; ehuh NyhNf\;.

EkF]^

sm

42


xB ]^:

k 5 c uw_

k 10 c EA ]D

k 15 Vbk ]D

k 17 c \> ]D

k 24 zw> ]D

k 25 >EB kVV ]D, ]BV uV ]D

k 26 ]B zB ]D

k 26 k> ]D

k 30 ]^ ]D

k 30 V k_E aA ]D

VL {| s> zB >k njd;dpe ;j pahtpd; Kjy; ngz; lhf ;]p Xl ;Leuhd nry ;tpf ;F

FbauRj; jiytu; uhk;ehj; Nfhtpe;j; tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpj;Js;shu;. r%fk; nropj;Njhq;f

ngz;fs; Nkk;ghL mtrpak; vd;W typAWj;jpa FbauRj; jiytu;> mjd; nghUl;L

rhjid kq;iffSf;F rupahd mq;fPfhuk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; $wpAs;shu;.

mjd;gb> epfohz;by; 112 ngz;fs; Kd;Ndhb tpUJf;Fj; Nju;thfpdu;.

Kd;djhf tpUJ ngw;w nry;tp NgRifapy;> rpW rpW ntspr;rq;fs; xd;wpize;J ngUk; xsp

gpufhrj;ij gpurtpg;gJ Nghy;> vd;Dila ,e;j rpW Kaw;rpAk; yl;rf;fzf;fhd ngz;fspd;

rhjidg; glykhf cUkhWk; vd;whu;. FbauRj; jiytu; khspifapy; eilngw;w

,e;epfo;r;rpapy; kj;jpa mikr;ru; Nkdfh fhe;j cs;spl;Nlhu;

gq;Nfw;wdu;. ,J njhlu;ghd jfty;fis

kj;jpa muR nra;jpf; Fwpg;ghf

ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

sm

43


xB ]^

>EB Q ]Dkiwe;j Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; gpwe;j jpdj;ijnahl;b [dtup 12 mtUf;F gpujku; eNue;jpu Nkhb cs;spl;l jiytu;fs; kupahij nrYj;jpAs;sdh;. Njrpa ,isQu; jpdkhd [dtup 12 Gjpa ,e;jpahitf; fl;Ltpf;Fk; ,sk; jiyKiwapdupd; Mu;tk;> <L,izaw;w rf;jp Mfpatw;Wf;Fk; tzf;fk; nrYj;JfpNwd; vdj; njuptpj;Js;shh;. fhq;fpu]; jiytu; uhFy; Rthkp tpNtfhde;jUf;F mtuJ gpwe;j jpdk; Njrpa ,isQu; jpdj;ijnahl;b ehd;

kupahij nrYj;JfpNwd; vdj; njuptpj;Js;shh;. kj;jpa mikr;ru; epjpd; fl;fup ntspapl;l gjptpy;> ehl;bd; ,sk; jiyKiwapdUf;F rpuk;jho;j;jp kupahij nrYj;JfpNwd; vdj; njuptpj;Js;shh;.

nfhy;fj;jhtpy; fle;j 1863k; Mz;L [dtup khjk; 12k; Njjp gpwe;jhh;. jdJ 39tJ tajpy;> fle;j 1902k; Mz;L [Piy khjk; 4k; Njjp mtu; capupoe;jhh;. mtuJ gpwe;j jpdk;. Mz;LNjhWk; kj;jpa murhy; Njrpa ,isQu; jpdkhff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

c N] V^1975-k; Mz;L eilngw;w

cyf `pe;jp khehl;bd; Kjy;

Mz;L epiwitf; Fwpf;Fk; tifapy; xt;Nthu; Mz;Lk; [dtup 10 md;W cyf `pe;jp ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. Kjy; cyf `pe;jp khehl;il mg;Nghija ,e;jpag; gpujku; ,e;jpuhfhe;jp njhlq;fp itj;jhu;.

12k

10k

x]

44


s_a_OD\

Vs[ 100km BuV^ ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Ma;T ikaj;jpd; 100-tJ nraw;iff;Nfhs; nts;spf;fpoik [dtup 12 tpz;zpy; nrYj;jg;gLk; vd;W ,];Nuh nraw;iff;Nfhs; ikaj;jpd; ,af;Feu; kapy;rhkp mz;zhJiu njuptpj;jhh;.

,];Nuh nraw;iff;Nfhs; ikak; jahupj;Js;s 100-MtJ nraw;iff;Nfhs; [dtup 12-k; Njjp =ùpNfhl;lhtpy; ,Ue;J gp.v];.vy;.tp.-rp40 uhf;nfl; %yk; tpz;zpy; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. mjDld; 31 nraw;iff;Nfhs;fSk; tpz;zpy; Vtg;gLfpd;wd. ,jpy; 28 nraw;iff;Nfhs; ntspehLfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdit. NkYk;> ,e;jpahTf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd 3 nraw;iff;Nfhs;fpy; Gtpiaf; fz;fhzpf;Fk; 710 fpNyh vil nfhz;l fhu;Nlhrhl;-2 tupir nraw;iff;NfhSk; Vtg;gLfpwJ. nrhe;jkhdit.

V_kl_ 10,000 B[[ D ghy;ntsp mz;lj;jpy; #upaidg; Nghy; cs;s el;rj;jpuq;fisg; gw;wpa Ma;tpy; ehrh tpQ;Qhdpfs; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;ig epfo;j;jpAs;sdu;. ehrh tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; `gps; ];Ng]; njhiyNehf;fpapd; cjtpAld; ghy;ntsp mz;lj;jpy; cs;s el;rj;jpuq;fis Muha;e;J tUfpd;wdu; 9 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf ePbf;Fk; ,e;j Ma;tpy; #upaidg; Nghd;w 10>000 el;rj;jpuq;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sdh;. jq;fs; Ma;tpy; fpilj;j jfty;fisf; nfhz;L mtu;fs; Kg;gupkhd glk; xd;iw cUthf;fpAs;sdh;. mjpy; rp el;rj;jpuq;fs; #upaidtpl ,U klq;F Ntfkhf efu;fpd;wd vd;gij tpsf;fpAs;sdh;.

VBgF-VVxDehrh #upadpd; ntspg;Gw #o;epiyia Muha ehrh ,t;tha;it epWt cs;sJ. nrwpe;j

ntg;gk; kw;Wk; #upaf; fjpu; tPr;rpd; mghafukhd gFjpfspy; ,jd; mwptpay; Ma;Tfis ,J elj;Jk;.

,t;tpz;fyk; Nrhyhu; thd; mwptpayhsu; A+[pd; ghu;fu; mtu;fspd; ngauhy; ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ehrhtpd; tpz;fyj;jpd; ngau; thOk; egupd; ngauplg;gLtJ ,JNt Kjy; KiwahFk;.

s_(\)Va_OD

45


'Ri”DR ,e;jpahtpd; kpf Ntfkhd kw;Wk; kjy; gy;-gPl;lh g;Nshg;];

(PF) #g;gu; fk;g;A+l;lu; GNdit ikakhff; nfhz;l ,e;jpa ntg;gkz;ly thdpiy epWtdj;jhy; (IITM – Indian Institute of Tropical Meteortogy) ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fk;g;A+l;lUf;F ‘gpuj;A+\;” vd ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F #upad; vd;W nghUs;.

thdpiy kw;Wk; fhyepiy Muha;r;rpf;fhf mu;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l cyfpd; ehd;fhtJ kpf Ntfkhf #g;gu; fk;g;A+l;lu; gpuj;A+\; MFk;.

V_\uDV[t[VVWkc^mGtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; ,Ue;J 96fp.kPf;F mg;ghy; cs;s madp kz;lyj;ij Muha;tjw;F

ehrh Nfhy;l; (GOLD) kw;Wk; Ifhd; (ICON) vd;w ,U kp\d;fis epWtd cs;sJ.

madpaLf;F Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J 80fp.kP Kjy; 500 fp.kP tiu gutpf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,J madpaLf;F vd miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; tsp kz;lyj;jpd; ,g;gFjpapy; #upaf;fjpu;fs; kpd; nrwpT+l;lg;gLtjyhFk;.

]T M 5 V> ku mjpetPd mf;dp - 5 VTfiz Nrhjid ntw;wpfukhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ kw;Wk; epu;zapf;fg;l;l ,yf;if Jy;ypakhf jhf;fpaJ. Xb]h khepyk; ghyhNrhupy; mike;Js;s mg;Jy; fyhk; VTjsj;jpy; mf;dp -5 VTfiz Nrhjid elj;jg;gl;lJ. 19 epkplq;fspy; 4900 fpNyhkPl;liuf; fle;J nrd;wJ.

M 5 KOf;f> KOf;f cs;ehl;bNyNa jahupf;fg;gl;l mf;dp - 5 VTfizahdJ Rkhu; 5000 fpNyh kPl;lu; njhiytpy; cs;s vjpupfspd; jsthlq;fis mopf;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ. ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;L mikg;ghy; (bMu;bX) tbtikf;fg;gl;l mf;dp -5 VTfizapd;

nkhj;j vil 50 ld; MFk;. Rkhu; 1.5ld; vil tiuapyhd mZ MAjq;fisj; jhq;fpr; nry;Yk; jpwd; mjw;F cz;L. mijj; jtpu> topfhl;Lk; (NetpNf\d;) trjpAk;> NtW rpy njhopy;El;;g trjpfSk; mjpy; mike;Js;sd. 17.5 kPl;lu; ePsk; nfhz;l mf;dp-5 VTfizapd; Kjy; Nrhjid fle;j 2012-k; Mz;L eilngw;wJ. mijj; njhlu;e;J 2013> 2015> 2016 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; mLj;jLj;J ntw;wpfukhf Nrhjid Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

s_(\)Va_OD

46


g\g\

>k >tw][ Ek[ WB\ ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; (,];Nuh) jiytuhf jkpofj;jpd; Nf.rptd; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. ,];Nuh jiytu; fpuz; Fkhhpd; gjtpf;fhyk; Kbtijj; njhlu;e;J Gjpa jiytuhf rptd; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.

.Ek[ E >k_^: fd;dpahFkup khtl;lj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;. ,g;NghJ rptd; tpf;uk; rhuhgha; tpz;ntsp ikaj;jpd; ,af;Feuhf ,Uf;fpwhh;. nrd;id vk;Ibapy; 1980-y; VNuhdhl;bf;fy; ,d;[pdpaupq; Kbj;J> 1982y; ngq;f@upy; ,e;jpa mwptpay; epWtdj;jpy; vk;, gl;lKk;> Kk;ig IIb-apy; Kidtu; gl;lKk; ngw;whh;. 1982y; ',];Nuhtpy; gpv];vy;tp jpl;lj;jpy; rptd; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpdhh;. mwptpay; Nritf;fhf 2014-y; nrd;id rj;aghkh gy;fiyf;fofk; lhf;lu; gl;lKk;> tpf;uk; rhuhgha; Muha;r;rp tpUJ cl;gl gy;NtW tpUJfSk; ngw;Ws;shh;. 3 Mz;LfSf;F gjtpapy; ,Ug;ghh;.

]BVs[ x>_ kwQ ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; ngz; tof;fwpQu; ,e;J ky;N`hj;uh cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahf Nju;T nra;ag;gl;L ,Uf;fpwhh;. jiyik ePjpgjp jPgf; kp];uh nfhyP[pak; ,tiu gupe;Jiu nra;J ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j gupe;Jiu jw;NghJ kj;jpa muRf;F mDg;gg;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ. kj;jpa muR ,JFwpj;J KbntLf;Fk;. ,tu; gjtpNaw;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; ,d;Dk; 4 Mz;Lfs; ,tu; Rg;uPk; Nfhu;l; ePjpgjpahf gjtp tfpg;ghh; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; ngz;

tof;fwpQu; Mthh;. fle;j 35 tUlq;fshf ,tu; tof;fwpQuhf gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;. ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa tof;fwpQu;fs; gyuplk; ,tu; [Pdpauhf ,Ue;Js;shh;. mNjNghy; rpy Kf;fpakhd tof;Ffspy; ,tu; M[uhfp ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,e;J ky;N`hj;uh fu;ehlf khepyk; ngq;f@iu Nru;e;jtu; Mthh;. gy;NtW cau;ePjp kd;wq;fspy; ,tu; ePjpgjpahf gzpahw;wp ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,e;j mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; cr;rePjpkd;w nfhyP[pak; ,tUf;F gjtp cau;T toq;fg;gl;L cs;sJ.

,e;J ky;N`hj;uh:

c k> E[E_ >kV [M k >E kV ]B kDVka k> [M k, kVk >\V V c k> [E_ (WBCSD) >kV WBt|^V. | k V]uz k BVu^V. kz x[V RMk >\ WkV ]VBV Vo>V.

47

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 g\

A]B >\ >>_ gB Gjpa jiyikj; Nju;jy; Mizauhf Xk; gpuhf\; uhtj;> Nju;jy; Mizauhf mNrhf; yhth]h MfpNahu; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. ,e;jpa jiyik Nju;jy; Mizauhf gjtp tfpf;Fk; mr;ry; Fkhu; N[hjp (65) tpiutpy; Xa;T ngw cs;shu;. mtuJ gjtpf; fhyk; Kb tila cs;sjhy; ,e;jelbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,Jtiu ,e;jpa Nju;jy; Mizau;fspy; xUtuhf ,Ue;J te;j uhtj;> jw;NghJ jiyik Nju;jy; Mizauhf gjtp cau;T ngw;Ws;shu;.

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Xk; gpufh\; uhtj;:brk;gu; 2> 1953-y; gpwe;j uhtj;> 1977-k; Mz;L IVv]; mjpfhupahf kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Ue;J Nju;thdhu;. fle;j 30 Mz;LfSf;Fk; Nkyhf kj;jpa> khepy muRfspy; gy;NtW gjtpfis epu;tfpj;Js;shu;.

x>_ B D.. Z _M[ x>_ B VV\[ cV Z _ k V| ]EBV >VaV E >k t V[ >VD \m^ Ww_ \kl[ { \V WBtm^V.Ww_ \k [V_ [?>k_^ :M_ gD E[ \k s\E>uzD, >k V|k>uzD >V ]E Ww_ \kB \m kwD. >[ ]E JD kV mzD Ww_ V \^ WBt|kV^. k^ E_ mB kzD \D ^s Akm \VzD. > kl_ ]EBVm \Vu V_ B_|D.

48


s|nsmT,[smk[VVo 2017-k; Mz;Lf;fhd Irprpapd; rpwe;j fpupf;nfl; tPuu;> rpwe;j Nfg;ld; MfpatpUJfis ,e;jpa Nfg;ld; tpuhl; Nfhyp ntd;Ws;shu;. Jigapy; Irprp ntspapl;l mwptpg;gpd;gb> rpwe;j fpupf;nfl; tPuUf;fhd ru; fhu;gPy;l; Nrhgu;]; Nfhg;igia tpuhl;Nfyp ifg;gw;wpdhu;.

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49


gdpr;rWf;fpy; ,e;jpahTf;F Kjy; gjf;fk;ru;tNjr ];fp (gdpr;rWf;F) Nghl;bapd; kfspu; gpuptpy; ,e;jpahtpd; MQ;ry; jhf;Fu;

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50


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51


V m Vm

1. jkpo;ehl;bd; Kjy; ftu;du; - ru; Mu;r;rpghy; vl;tu;l; ie (1946-48)2. jkpo;ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Kd; Kjy; Kjy; mikr;ru; - Rg;GuhaY nul;b (1920-21)3. jkpo;ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd; Kjy; Kjyikr;ru; - xke;J}u; ,uhkrhkp nul;bahu;

(1947-49)4. jkpof rl;lkd;w Kjy; rghehafu; - J. rptrz;Kfk; gps;is (1952-55)5. jkpof rl;lkdw; Kjy; Jiz rghehafu; - gf;jtj;rY ehAL6. nrd;id khefuhl;rpapd; Kjy; jiytu; - ru;.gp.b. jpahfuhru;7. nrd;id khefuhl;rpapd; Kjy; Nkau; - ru; uh[h Kj;ijah nrl;bahu;8. jkpo;ehl;bd; cau;ePjpkd;w Kjy; jiyik ePjpgjp - ru;jhk]; Mz;LU Ykp];jhd;9. jkpo;ehl;bd; Kjy;jiyik Nju;jy; Mizau; - J. ntq;fNl\;tud; (1942-52)10. jkpof rl;l Nkyit Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 193511. jkpof rl;l Nkyit fiyf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1986 mf;Nlhgu; 3112. cs;shl;rp Nju;jy; fTd;rpyu;fhd taJ - 2113. rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taJ - 2514. Kjyikr;rUf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taJ -2515. MSeUf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taJ - 35

1. gl;L efuk; - fhQ;rpGuk;2. Kj;J efuk; - J}j;Jf;Fb3. Nfhtpy; efuk; - kJiu4. J}q;fh efuk; - kJiu5. tpohf;fspd; efuk; - kJiu6. njhopy; efuk; - tpUJefu;7. Nfhl;ilfspd; efuk; - tpUJefu;8. kiyf;Nfhl;il efuk; - jpUr;rp

1. jkpo;ehL tdr;rl;lk; - 18822. jkpo;ehL jdpahu; fhLfs; ghJfhg;G rl;lk; - 19493. jkpo;ehL kiyg;gFjp kuq;fs; ghJfhg;G rl;lk; - 19554. tdTapupdg; ghJfhg;G rl;lk; - 19725. jkpo;ehL tdg;ghJfhg;G rl;lk; - 19806. gy;Yapupdg; guty; rl;lk; - 20027. ahidfs; ghJfhg;G jpl;lk; - 19928. Gypfs; ghJfhg;G jpl;lk; - 1973

52

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018Vm

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Vetrii IAS Academy

53

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 |

x[:n`r;.I.tp. kw;Wk; va;l;]; Nehapd; gutiyj; jLf;fTk;

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AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT 2017

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,e;jpahtpy; Rkhu; 21 yl;rk; Ngu; n`r;.I.tp. ghjpg;G.

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54

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018|

21>2006> kf;fsitapy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l ehs; Vg;uy; 11>2017 FbauRj; jiytuhy; xg;Gjy; mspf;fg;gl;l ehs; Vg;uy; 20> 2017

,e;jpahtpy; Rkhu; 21 yl;rk; Ngu; n`r;.I.tp. ghjpg;Gld; tho;e;J tUtjhf kj;jpa muR ntspapl;Ls;s mwpf;if apd; %yk; mwpa Kb fpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; 1986Mk; Mz;by; nrd;idiiar; Nru;e;j ngz; ghypay; njhopyhsu; fspilNa vr;.I.tp. fpUkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; Kjd;Kjyhf fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;ldu;. 1990fspy; ,e;Nehapd; jhf;fk; ,e;jpahtpy; kpfj; jPtpukhf ,Ue;jJ. kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy muRfs; muRrhuh njhz;L epWtdq;fs; cs;splitfspy; jPtpu Kaw;rpapd; gydhf fle;j gj;jhz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; vr;.I.tp. guTjy; Fiwe;Jf; nfhz;L te;jJ. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> njd;dhg;gpupf;fh> ie[Pupah Mfpa ehLfis mLj;J n`r;.I.tp. ngupJk; gutpAs;s %d;whtJ ngupa ehlhf ,e;jpah ,g;NghJk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. Nkw;$wpaJ Nghy; ,e;jpahtpy; n`r;.I.tpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Rkhu; 21 yl;rk; Ngu; tho;e;J tUtjhf kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2015k; Mz;by; Rkhu; 8600 Ngu; Gjpjjhf n`r;.I.tpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldu; vdTk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2000k; Mz;il xg;gpLifapy; ,J 66% Fiw thdNj vdpDk;> egu;fspy; vz;zpf;ifia fzf;fpy; nfhz;lhy; 2015k; Mz;by; kl;Lk; va;l;]; njhlu;ghd fhuzq;fspdhy; Rkhu; 68000 Ngu; capupoe;Js;sdu;.

,e;epiyapNyNa Gjpjhf ,e;Neha; njhw;Wtijj; jLf;fTk;> If;fpa ehLfs; rigapdhy; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;s Sustainable development Goal (SDG) vdg;gLk; epiyj;j ePbj;j Nkk;ghL ,yf;F xd;wpd;gb vjpu;tUk; 2030Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; ,e;j Neha; gutiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;jTk; Njrpa va;l;];/Neha; ghjpg;Gld; tho;gtu;fs; vt;tpjkhd ghugl;rkhd eltbf;iffSf;Fk; cl;gLtij jLf;fTk;> mtu;fSf;fhd rpfpr;iria Kiwahfg; ngWtjw;fhd rk cup ikia cWjpg;gLj;JtijAk; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L ,e;j vr;.I.tp kw;Wk; va;l;]; rl;lk; 2017 epiwNtw;wg;gl;Ls;J. ,jd; %yk; ,j;jifa rl;lj;ij ,aw;wpa njw;fhrpahtpd; Kjy;

ehL vDk; ngUikia ,e;jpa ngw;Ws;sJ.

][xBVVDn`r;.I.tp. fpUkp va;l;]; NehAld;

tho;gtu;fSf;F vjpuhd ghFghl;ilj; jLg;gJ> Ntiytha;g;ig kWg;gJ my;yJ Ntiyapy; ,Ue;J ePf;fptpLtJ> fy;tp>kUe;J Nritfs;> thliff;F tpLtJ my;yJ jq;f mDkjp kWg;gJ> nghJ my;yJ jdpahu; mYtyfk;> fhg;gPL nghJ Nrit-fs; Nghd;w trjp tha;g;Gfis toq;Ftjpy; ghugl;rk; fhl;LtJ Mfpatw;iw n`r;.I.tp. fpUkp Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhu; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; ghugl;rkhdJ vd ,r;rl;lk; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. ,e;j tptfhuq;fspy; muNrh my;yJ xU jdpegNuh mwj;jpw;F

55

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 |

khwhf ele;J nfhs;tJ ghugl;rkhd eltbf;ifahf fUjg;gl;L mtu;fs; kPJ cupa eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;ba xd;whf fUjg;gLk;. Ntiytha;g;G ngWtJ Rfhjhu Nritfs; ngWtJ my;yJ fy;tp ngWtJ cs;spl;ltw;wpy; Kd; epge;jidahf xUtu; n`r;.I.tpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltuh vd;gjw;fhd Nrhjidia elj;jg;glf;$lhJ.

n`r;.I.tp. apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fis ntspapLtJ kl;Lkd;wp> mtu;fspd; jdpAupikia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; xUtuJ KOikahd xg;Gjy; ,d;wp>n`r;.I.tpf;fhd NrhjidiaNah my;yJ kUj;Jt rpfpr;iriaNah Nkw;nfhs;StijAk; ,r;rl;lk; jil nra;fpwJ. vdpDk; mDkjp ngw;w uj;j tq;fpfs;> kUj;Jt Muha;r;rp my;yJ milahsk; VJkw;wtifapyhd Nrhjidia kl;LNk Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l me;j egupd; n`r;.I.tp jFjpia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Nrhjidahf my;yhj Nghd;wtw;wpw;F xUtuJ xg;Gjy; VJk;Njitapy;iy. mNjNghy; ,r;rl;lj;jpd;gb vr;.I.tp.ap-dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu; jdJ n`r;.I.tp. Fwpj;j epiyia ePjpkd;w cj;jutpd;gb> ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLk;NghJ kl;Lk; mij ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. vtnuhUtUk; n`r;.I.tp. apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; vjpuhd nghWg;Gzu;it ntspapLtjw;Fk; ,r;rl;lk; jilt pjpf;fpwJ.

\]B\uD\V[zva;l;]; Neha;f;fhd rpfpr;ir my;yJ

Neha;f;fpUkp kPz;Lk; jhf;fhj tifap yhd rpfpr;ir vd;gJ Vw;fdNt muR kUj;Jtkidfspy; ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ vd;w NghjpYk;> ,e;j Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; mjw;Fupa rpfpr;iria ngWtnjd;gJ mtu;fspd; rl;lg;G+u;tkhd cupik vd;gij jw;NghJ epiwNtw;wg;gl;Ls;s ,r;rl;lk; cWjp nra;Ak;. murpd; nghWg;gpy; cs;s xt;nthU tUNk n`r;.I.tp. Neha;j; jLg;G> Nrhjid> rpfpr;ir> MNyhrid Mfpatw;iw ngWtjw;fhd cupikia cs;stu;fshf mikfpd;wdu; vd ,r;rl;lk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

vdNt va;l;]; Neha;f;fhd rpfpr;ir> re;ju;g;gtrkhf njhw;W Vw;wg;gl;ltu;fSf;F mj;jifa njhw;iw epu;tfpg;gjw;fhd Nritfs; Mfpatw;iw kj;jpa khepy muRfs; toq;Fk;. mNj Nghy; n`r;.I.tp./va;l;]; Neha; Mfpait NkYk; guTtijj; jLg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffisAk; kj;jpa khepy muRfs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. mNj Nghy;> n`r;.I.tp. / va;l;]; Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; Fwpg;ghf ngz;fSk; Foe;ijfSk; murpd; eyj;jpl;lq;fis ngWtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. taJf;F cfe;j ghypd czu;Tld; $ba Fiw$Wtijj; jtpu;f;Fk; n`r;.I.tp/va;l;]; fy;tp jfty; njhlu;G jpl;lq;fis cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.

56

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018|

]\[xn`r;.I.tp.apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; njhlu;ghd tof;Ffis ePjpkd;wq;fs; Kd;Dupik

mbg;gilapy; tprhupj;J Kbj;J itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ,k;kNrhjh tiuaWf;fpwJ. ve;jnthU rl;luPjpahd eltbf;iffspYk; tof;fpy; njhlu;Gilatu;> n`r;.I.tp ap-dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltuhf ,Ug;gpd; me;j egupd; milahsj;ij kiwj;Jtpl;L me;j tof;fpd; ePjpkd;w eltbf;iffis %ba miwf;Fs;> kiwthd tifapy; elj;Jtjw;F ePjpkd;wk; cj;jutplyhk;. mNjNghy;> ,e;j kDjhuupd; milahsj;ij ntspapLk; gbahd ve;jnthU jftiyAk; vtnuhUtUk; gjpg;gpf;ff; $lhJ vd;W jilAj;juT gpwg;gpf;fTk; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F mjpfhuk; cz;L vd ,r;rl;lk; tiuaWf;fpwJ.

n`r;.I.tp. apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l eguhy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l guhkupg;Gr; nryT njhiff;fhd kDtpd; kPJ ve;jnthU cj;juitAk; gpwg;gpf;Fk; NghJk;> me;j kDjhuu; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; kUj;Jt nryTfisAk; ePjpkd;wk; fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. n`r;.I.tp.ap-dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; nrhj;Jupikiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfisAk; ,r;rl;lk; cWjp nra;fpwJ.

18 tajpw;Fl;gl;l n`r;.I.tp. Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l xt;nthUtUf;Fk; mtUf;F cupikAs;s tPl;by; trpg;gjw;Fk; me;j tPl;by; cs;s trjpfis mDgtpg;gjw;Fk; cupik cs;sJ. 12 Kjy; 18 tajpw;Fl;gl;l xUtu; n`r;.I.tp. va;l;]; Nehapdhy; ghjpg;G Fwpj;j Gupjiyf; nfhz;ltuhfTk; va;l;]; Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l jdJ FLk;g tptfhuq;fis ifahs;tjw;fhd Kjpu;r;rpia ngw;wtuhf ,Ug;gpd;> 18 tajpw;Fl;gl;l jdJ Viza rNfhju/rNfhjupfSf;F vdg;gLk; ghJfhg;gsuhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd jFjpAs;stuhfpwhu;. ,J fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; Nru;f;if> tq;fpf; fzf;Ffis nray;gLj;Jjy;> nrhj;ij epu;tfpj;jy; guhkupg;G kw;Wk; rpfpr;ir Nghd;wtw;wpw;F ngupJk; cjTk;.

zy\[D,e;j rl;lj;ij kPWNthu; kPjhd Gfhu;fs; njhlu;ghd tprhuizia Nkw;nfhs;sTk;>

muR toq;fpLk; kUe;J Nritf;fhd Vw;ghLfspy; fhzg;gLk; FiwghL Fwpj;J mDg;gg;gLk; Gfhu; kDf;fis tprhupg;gjw;nfd khepy muRfs; xt;nthd;Wk; vdg;gLk; FiwjPu;g;G mikg;ig epakpf;f ,r;rl;lk; toptif nra;fpwJ. ,e;j mikg;G cj;juit mky;gLj;jhtu;fSf;F vjpuhf jz;lid eltbf;if vLf;fTk; tif nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j FiwjPu;g;G mjpfhupf;nfd jdp ahf xU gzpaplj;ij Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtrpakpy;iy. Vw;fdNt gjtpapy; cs;s mjpfhup vtUf;nfDk; $Ljy; nghWg;ghfTk; ,ij toq;fyhk;. ,e;j FiwjPu; mikg;ghdJ> jq;fsplj;jpy; gjpag;gLk; Gfhu;fspd; vz;zpf;if> mj;jifa Gfhu;fspd; kPJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffs;> gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l cj;juTfs; cs;spl;lit Fwpj;J MW khjq;fSf;F xUKiw murpw;F mwpf;if xd;iw rku;g;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j FiwjPu; mikg;gpd; cj;juitr; nray;gLj;jhjtu;fs; kPJ mjpfgl;rkhf 1000&gha; tiu mguhjk; tpjpf;fTk;> ,r;rl;lk; tiuaWf;fpwJ. ,J NkYk; njhlUk; gl;rj;jpy; ehnshd;wpw;F 5000 &gha; vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; me;j cj;juit nray;gLj;Jk; ehs; tiuapy; fzf;fplg;gl;L t#ypf;fg;gLk;.

57


>DV>xD

n`r;.I.tp. apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F vjpuhd ghugl;rkhd Nghf;iff; filg;gpbg;gJ> ek;gfj; jd;ikiaf; Fiwg;gJ Mfpatw;Wf;Fk; jz;lid toq;Fk; Vw;ghLfSk; ,jpy; mlq;fpAs;sJ. ,r;rl;lj;jpd; tpjpKiwfisf; filg;gpbf;fhjtu;fs; vtuhapDk; mtu;fs; jz;lidf;F cupatu;fshtu;. ,j;jifa egu;fSf;F vjpuhf nghJthd Fw;wtpay; uPjpapyhd eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;. n`r;.I.tp. apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltupd; ,ufrpaj; jd;ikia kPW gtu;fSf;F Fiwe;jgl;rk; %d;W khjq;fSf;F mjpfgl;rkhf ,uz;L tUlq;fs; tiuap yhd rpiwj; jz;lidAk; xU yl;rk; tiuapyhd mguhjKk; tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

zV|

va;l;]; Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F kj;jpa khepy muRfs; “as far as possible” vdg; nghUs;gLk; tifapy; rhj;jpakpUf;Fk; tiuapy; kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w nrhw;nwhlu; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,e;j thrfq;fs; murpd; nghWg;ig ePu;j;Jg; Nghf;f nra;tjhfTk;> muR jdJ nghWg;G jl;bf; fopf;fr; nra;tjhfTk;> rpfpr;ir toq;fyhkh Ntz;lhkh vd;gij KbT nra;Ak; cupik murpd; trk; te;JtpLk;. ,J ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; %yk; va;l;]; Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;l;ltu;fSf;F toq;Ftjhf cWjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;s cupikiaNa ghjpg;gilar; nra;JtpLk; vd Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gLfpwJ. Njrpa va;l;]; fl;Lg;ghl;L jpl;lj;Jf;F (Na-tional Aids Control Programme) epjp xJf;fPL nra;tJ Fwpj;J ve;j xU mk;rKk; ,r;rl;lj;jpy; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy. mNjNghy; Kd; vg;NghJk; ,y;yhj tifapy; kj;jpa muR epfohz;by; ,e;j jpl;lj;Jf;F epjp xJf;fPlhf &gha; 2 Mapuk; Nfhbia kl;LNk xJf;fpAs;sJ. ,J ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; mila tpUk;Gk; Fwpf;NfhSf;F jilahf ,Uf;Fk; vd Fw;wk; rhw;wg;gLfpwJ.

x

nghJkf;fs; n`r;.I.tp. apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;> muR cs;spl;l midj;Jg; gpuptp duhYk; ,j;jifanjhU rl;lj;jpd; Njit czug;gl;l epiyapy; ,e;j kNrhjhit tbtikg;gjw;fhd jahupg;G Ntiyfs; fle;j 2002k; Mz;bNyNa njhlq;fg;gl;ld. R%f ey Mu;tyu;fs;> kUj;Jtu;fs; FO> tof;fwpQu;fs;> muR Kiwrhuh mikg;gpdu;> va;l;]; Neha;fs; eytho; rq;fq;fs; cs;spl;Nlhupd; Kd; Kaw;rpapy; tiuT kNrhjh xd;W jahupf;fg;gl;L mJ Njrpa va;l;]; fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;gplk; (NAO – National AIDS Control Or-ganisation) fle;j 2006y; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ.

58


x^sD-sD....

[x>[\ V k> \ AmzD VV| 2018 kl_

D WTO c[ ] >^ V| ]VsD: [x>[\ V k> \ AmzD VV| 2018 . D WTO c[ ] ]BV mm. c k> \_ c^ > Am \_ c^ V|z ]BV wA s|m^m. > \VV_ 40 V|[ WTO cA V|[ ]W^ m V^kV^ ]V|m. k> V|[ [l_ D D\VV|, x>|z k] F>_, t[ k>]uV s] >BV>_, Vo \mk> zs>_ \uD *[kml_ \VMB> z>_ V[ A]B #|k>uz >D \zD ]V|m.

\js_ >Va_x kVFA \uD u>_ \B>

>V k> \]B \ \VVV\[sD : >E[V \VkD \j _ \_o z]l_ D.. W]l_ >Va_x kVFz^ \uD u>_ \BD \^m. ]_ \]B Vbk m \ W\V >VV\[ m V| > A]B \B> >V k>V. ]\ km, |A gu zsm \uD D VBV^ >^ m cm V^ c>km gBku V\V V|^m D\BD. Startup Coast D ]][ z]BV, VVs[ V \VW_ A>V \B^, luE ^ V[k^ \^. ]mV \]| . 1.5 VBVzD. > VV\[ c[ >Vz] \DV| W]lom W\V >VV\[ kw^V.\KD, \s_ c^ >EB >Va_O _wD \uD NITTE WW _wD V_ VkV, c|, >E[V gB 3 \Vk_ 55 ^_ ]VF \B^ W] gBV[ Am\ t[ ]][ \^ D k V.

>\ k>BV V ]][ , > \VW]_ A]B FD \mk\

\>uV A> \] \k m^m? N\VD

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sD: >\ kVB V ]][ (PMSSY), \V >D, V_ A]B FD \mk\ \] >m A> kwBm. > ]]uV .1351 VBVzD. 48 \V>z x[V A]B FD \mk\ x|D. > \mk _ \mk\l_ 750 | k]^ zD. \mk _l_ 100 \mk AV ^, 60 soB ^ ckV|D. 20 EA E k]^ Fm V||D. 15 k E z^ \|D. ]][ , Akk, VV_, VF, V, i \uD VVs_ FD \mk\ u|>|^m[. ol_ F\ \mk\ u|mD u km. \KD, 2015_, V (\VViV), _BV (\uz kD) \uD z_ c^ \ (g]>D) gB 3 _ FD \mk\ \D, 2016_, V]V \uD V gB | _ FD \mk\ u|>D \uD VD_ (VD) FD \mk\ u|>D A>_ |^m.

\VV \V \VW]_ \m^m

sD: \VV , \V >][ DV \Vk]_ c^ _E ]uz \m^m. m s ]l[ \_ |^m. l[ >D \V BVzD. l[ D 472.5 m .* gzD.

>\[ ]Vk k>D www.pmindia.gov.in 13 \Va_ m

sD: \> \V ]Vk B>\V www.pmindia.gov.in[ Vt_ \Va \uD \ \Va B>^ k 1 [ >V k. > B>> Vm V* \uD \ \Va KD VD. > \VW_ \[ k|Vz > \Va_ B>D >Vm.

sV-s

60


s \Va_ B>D >Vm[ mk 11 \Va_ Bk> .D. ]BV B>D M 13 \Va_ B_|D. > \Va^ k\V: >t, gD, VD, kVD, zV], [D, \BVD, \, \V], BV, V, ] \uD >Kz.> x[xBuE^ m\, >\ ] \VB \ kk^ \Val_ >VA V| b k|D [ xBuEl { \VzD.

VD \VW x>_xBV, >EB z\^ ]k| ks kl|^msD:Vt_ 3.29 V \^ kE[. VD \VWD k>> \m^>V_ z k>> > ]^ zBs|[. >V_ VD \VW> >k^. BV k>> >k^ []_ zwD m km. Wl_ x>[ xBV 1.9 V B >EB z\^ ]k[ x>_ k B_ kl|^m.Vt[ >EB z\^ ]k[ (National Register of Citizens) \VW A Kk\Vm, k_ c^ B V 5 \Vu ka kw^m. NRC k \B]_, k 31 k m k VKD 10 \ x>_ 4 \ k, V \]|D.Vtuz kB V 18003453762 [ bzD, Vtuz c^ V 15107 [ k c>s bzD wm sk Vm V^VD. EBV 1951_ Vt_ NRC Amm. Vm, \VW]_ 80 D z\[ B ] FB>m.

2017D g|V xV \>[ s> k[^

z BVD mxD kV_

mxDsD : ]BVs[ x>[\BV mx\V kV_ mxD 2017D g|V xV \>[ (Samudra Manthan – Caring Organization of the Year) s> k[^V. _V ml_ V^ >VV gVB\V Vz | _k> V\V V|^ s>, > _ WkD kw^m.EV B_V|[, BVz \mk V|, >tD, Vzkm k, ckD, {F s|], VmVz, sBV| \uD kw\V luE W^ V[ E> k] JNPT kwzm.

61


1. cyfpd; kpfg;ngUk; kdpj kugZ Muha;r;rpj; jpl;lj;ij njhlq;fpAs;s ehL vJ?

(A) [g;ghd; (B) rPdh (C) ,e;jpah (D) u\;ah

2. ,e;jpahtpd; Gjpa ntspAwTr; nrayuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;stu; ahu;?

(A) V. uh[hkzp (B) kJfu; ghNt

(C) tp[a; Nfrt; NfhfNy (D) `Pird; jy;tha;

3. gpujkupd; mjpfhug;G+u;t tiyj;jsk; (www.pmindia.gov.in) vj;jid nkhopfspy; fpilf;fg;

ngWfpwJ?

(A) 11 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 13

4. Gjpa Njrpa ghJfhg;G Jiz MNyhrfuhf (NSA) epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;stu; ahu;?

(A) kdp\; ghz;Nl (B) uh[pe;ju; fz;zh

(C) mu;tpe;j; Fg;jh (D) epfpy; rpq;

5. UNSC d; Gjpa epue;jukpy;yhj cWg;gpduhf ,ize;Js;s ehL vJ?

(A) Nghye;J (B) ,e;jpah (C) [g;ghd; (D) vfpg;J

6. ,e;jpahtpd; mwptpay; jpiug;glj; jpUtpoh eilngw;w khepyk;?

(A) jkpo;ehL (B) Nfhth (C) fu;ehlfh (D) Nfush

7. Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; rk Cjpaj;ij typAWj;Jk; rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jpAs;s

cyfpd; Kjy; ehL vJ?

(A) gpd;yhe;J (B) I];yhe;J (C) gpuhd;]; (D) RtPld;

8. ,e;jpa tk;rhtopapdu; ehs; (NRI Day) ve;j Njjpapy; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ?

(A) [dtup 6 (B) [dtup 8 (C) [dtup 7 (D) [dtup 9

9. High – risk pregnancy (HRP) ,iza thapiy mwpKfk; nra;Js;s ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; khepyk;

vJ?

(A) gQ;rhg; (B) F[uhj; (C) mupahdh (D) uh[];jhd;

10. rpf;fpk; khepyj;jpd; mjpfhug;G+u;t tpsk;gu J}juhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;stu; ahu;?

(A)V.Mu;. u`;khd; (B) ,u;ghd;

(C) eRUjPd; \h (D) mf;\a; Fkhu;

11. ve;j ehL 4-tJ ru;tNjr ju;kjk;k khehl;il elj;JfpwJ?

(A) Neghsk; (B) ,e;jpah (C) ,yq;if (D) rPdh

12. ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Ma;T ikaj;jpd; Gjpa jiytu; ahu;?

(A) mku;Fg;jh (B) Nf.rptd; (C) eNue;ju; rpq; (D) etPd; Fkhu;

13. ,e;jpahtpy; ve;j Njjpapy;> Njrpa ,isQu; ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ?


14. cr;rePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahf Neub epakdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s Kjy; ngz; tof;FiuQu; ahu;?

(A) ,e;J kPdhl;rp (B) ,e;J ky;Nfhj;uh

(C) Nuhkh N[hrg; (D) Rjh kp];uh

AW^>s-s

sV-s

62


15. ve;j VTfizapd; %yk; fhu;Nlhrhl; - 2 tupir nraw;iff;Nfhis ISRO tpz;zpy;

nrYj;jpaJ?

(A) PSLV C-44 (B) PSLV C-40 (C) PSLV C-42 (D) PSLV C-4616. ve;j khepyk; 7tJ uh\;bupa rk];fpUj rq;fuhe;jp kfh cw;rtj;ij elj;JfpwJ?

(A) Nfush (B) cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;

(C) fu;ehlfh (D) rj;jP];fu;

17. Sanitary Naplan toq;Fk; ,ae;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; uapy; epiyak;

vJ?

(A) jhNd uapy; epiyak; (B) Nghghy; uapy; epiyak;

(C) `ruj; eprhKjpd; uapy; epiyak; (D) nfhy;fj;jh uapy; epiyak;

18. 13-tJ ‘Iron Fist – 2018’ $l;L uhZtk; gapw;rp> mnkupf;fhTf;Fk; ve;j ehl;Lf;Fk; ,ilNa

njhlq;fpAs;sJ?

(A) [g;ghd; (B) kNyrpah (C) jha;yhe;J (D) ,e;jpah

19. 70-tJ uhZt ehs;> ,e;jpahtpy; ve;j Njjpapy; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ?


20. nrthypa tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;jpa fl;lf; fiyQu; ahu;?

(A) [];tu;ah bg;dp]; (B) ,g;uhfpk; my;frp

(C) tp[a; Nfrt; NfhfNy (D) \Pyh = gpufh\;

21. ve;j efuj;jpy; 3tJ ‘nua;rpdh Ngr;Rthu;j;ij – 2018” eilngw;wJ?

(A) GNd (B) GJnly;yp (C) fhe;jp efu; (D) nrd;id

22. ‘];ntr; Mjhj;”> ‘];ntr; ghuj;” gpur;rhuj;Jf;fhd ey;nyz;z J}ju; ahu;?

(A) fPu;j;jp RNu\; (B) gpupaq;fh Nrhg;uh

(C) fky;`hrd; (D) fN[hy;

23. ve;j ehL cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa fhw;W Rj;jpfupg;ghid mikj;Js;sJ?

(A) ,e;jpah (B) rPdh (C) gq;fshNj\; (D) kpahd;ku;

24. ve;j khepy muR fiyQu;fSf;fhf ‘Kjyikr;ru; fiy cjtpj; jpl;lj;ij” njhlq;fg;gl;lJ?

(A) xbrh (B) Nfush (C) jkpo;ehL (D) njYq;fhdh

25. Njrpa Nguplu; kPl;Gg;gilapd; 13-tJ cja jpdk;> ve;j Njjpapy; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ?


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B C D B A B B D C A11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20A B C B B C B A B A21 22 23 24 25B D B A D

sV-s

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TNPSC - Vetrii IAS Study Circlevetriias.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/TNPSC_Current_Affairs_Tamil_January_2018.pdfVetrii IAS Study Circle (CURRENT AFFAIRS) Main Office at Vetrii IAS