TLG - GHG Report

Karida H. Niode [email protected]

TenagaListrikGorontalo(GorontaloElectricPower)-GreenhouseGasInventoryReport

Baseyear:2015Location:GorontaloProvince,SulawesiIslandIndonesia

PageIndex:1.Acknowledgement...............................................................................................................................................22.Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................23.ClientDescription................................................................................................................................................24.Businessgoal..........................................................................................................................................................25.DefinedscopesofGHGemissions.................................................................................................................36.Methodologies.......................................................................................................................................................38.Resultsandanalysis............................................................................................................................................3

8.1.Scope1-PowerGeneration,Lignitecoal..................................................................................38.2.Scope1-Dieselforheavyequipmentstartup........................................................................48.3Scope1-LiquidPetroleumGasuse..............................................................................................58.4Scope1-Transportation.................................................................................................................58.5Scope2-Electricityuseatpowerplantpremises..................................................................78.6Scope2-Electricityatresidentialarea......................................................................................78.7Totalscope1andscope2emissions............................................................................................8

9.Identificationofopportunities.......................................................................................................................910.Movingforward..............................................................................................................................................1011.ConclusionandLessonslearned..............................................................................................................10

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1.AcknowledgementI would like to thank Tenaga Listrik Gorontalo (TLG) for kindly allowing me to quantify theirGreenHouseGas(GHG)emissions formyschoolprojectandmore importantly, forbeinghighlytransparentwiththeirdata.ThisprojectwouldnothavebeencompletedwithoutthehelpofMr.YosepPirnawanwhogatheredalltheimportantdatafromthecompany’sdifferentdivisions.

2.Introduction

ThisreportaimstoquantifyTLG’sGHGemissionswiththebaseyearof2015.Itutilizesthe2006IPCCGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventoriesProtocolandtheUnitedStatesemissionfactors. Primary activity data are gathered through e-mail communications and telephoneconversations.Scope1andscope2dataarethencalculated. Wheredataaremissing,estimatesareusedandclearlydescribed.Following,graphicrepresentationsoftheresultsweremade.

3.ClientDescription

TLGisanIndependentPowerProducerthatowns,operatesandmaintainstheMolotabucoal-firedpowerplant located inGorontaloProvince, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. TLGhas a100%equityshare,operational,aswellas financial controlof theplantwhichutilizesaCirculatingFluidizedBedboilerandhasacapacityof2X10.5MW.TLGsupplieselectricityina150kVgridsystemtoPerusahaanListrikNegara(PLN),thestate’selectricitycompany.Theidentifiedstakeholdersare:

• TLG-Sellerofelectricity• PLN-Purchaserofelectricity• Government-Regulator,inspector• Local communities – Purchaser of electricity from PLN, environmentally affected

stakeholder

4.BusinessgoalConsideringTLG’splantoconductamergerandanexpansionwithanaddedcapacityof2X50MW, the report will serve as a base for comparison to future trends of the company’s CO2emissions. Itmayalso serveas a resourcewhen the companyneeds to considerenvironmentalimpactsforitsdecisionmaking.Previously,TLGhadonlyproducedairqualityreportspersemester toparticipate inmandatoryreportingprograms requiredby theHealthMinistry. Itnever calculatedGHGemissionsderivedfromitsactivities.Hencethisreportwillprovideanunprecedentedthoroughanalysisthatwillberelevant internally and externally. It provides a calculation head start for the company shouldfuture reporting regulations becomemore stringent. Lessons learned from the creation of thisreportcanalsohelptodevelopprocedurestoallowadequateGHGdatatobecollectedinfutureyears. Further, this very report can address environmental impact transparency for allstakeholders.

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5.DefinedscopesofGHGemissionsScope1isdirectemissionsthatoccurfromsourcesownedorcontrolledbythecompany.Scope2isindirectemissionsfromconsumptionofpurchasedelectricity(Figure1).Scope3includesotherindirect emissions from the production or extraction of purchased materials, fuels, and othertransport related activities in vehicles that are not controlled or owned by the company.Consideringtimeconstraints,thisreportwillfocusonTLG’sscope1and2emissions.Further,itwillnotincludefugitiveemissionortheintentionalandunintentionalreleasessuchasequipmentleaks, and coal piles due to available data. The identified GHG emission sources that will beaccountedbythisreportare:Scope1

• Powergeneration• Dieselfuelforheavyequipmentstartup• Companyownedtransportation• Liquid petroleum gas for metal and pipe

welding.Scope2

• Electricityusedinthepowerplant• Electricity used in TLG’s residential

premises

6.MethodologiesI did a brief corporate social responsibilityinternshipforTLGin2012.Throughmaintainingcontacts,Iwasabletorequesttheirparticipationin this project. The base year of 2015 is selected because it is indicated to be one of themostcompleteyearintermsofthecompany’sactivitydatacollection.The calculation is also done under control operational approach, where company accounts for100%emissionsfromoperations.Italsoutilizesthecross-sectortoolthroughapplyingemissionfactors(Appendix)onactivitydata.TheUSemissionfactorsforGreenhouseGasInventorieswasusedbecausetherearenowidelyavailableIndonesianemissionfactorsonline.Manyofthedataarescatteredindifferentarticlesanddocuments.Theiraccuracyisadditionallyhardtodetermine.Each GHG (CO2, CH4, N2O) are calculated separately and then converted to CO2 equivalents(CO2e)onthebasisoftheirglobalwarmingpotential(Appendix).ResultsareshowninMetricTonunit.

8.Resultsandanalysis8.1.Scope1-PowerGeneration,LignitecoalThe activity data for electricity generation was given in kWh and KCAL/kwh units. A total of199807 tonsofCO2equivalentwasderived in2015.Theemissionhighly fluctuatesmonthly inaccordanceto theplant’selectricitygeneration.Thegenerationvariesdependingondisruptionsexperiencedbyitstwoboilerunits.Whenthereisnodisruptione.g.inMarch,theCO2egenerationis very high. Emissions can however be drastically reduced as significant disruption occurs. In

Figure 1 Explanation of scope 1 and 2 emissions

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February for instance, pipe for coolers were being serviced. In April-May, both units stoppedoperating for a number ofweeks due to a fire incidentwhich broke the conveyor belt used totransportcoal.OtherincidentswhichcausethereductionofelectricityandhenceCO2egenerationareboileroverpressureininJune,blackoutinSeptember,aswellasdemonstrationbycitizensduetointensedustfromcoalinAugust.Inthisparticularincident,citizensblockedoutloaderaccessresultingintheplant’scoalreservetorunout.

MonthActivity CoalpowergenerationMwh tCO2 tCH4 tN2O tCO2e

Jan 10254 12915 1.454 0.211 13014Feb 10434 11987 1.349 0.196 12079Mar 16964 24226 2.727 0.397 24412Apr 7797 11164 1.257 0.183 11250May 3786 5696 0.641 0.093 5739Jun 14318 19385 2.182 0.317 19534Jul 13910 18587 2.092 0.304 18730Aug 8557 12245 1.378 0.200 12339Sep 12394 16752 1.886 0.274 16881Oct 15282 20601 2.319 0.337 20759Nov 16590 22512 2.534 0.369 22685Dec 15415 22214 2.501 0.364 22385Total 145701 198282 22.320 3.247 199807

8.2.Scope1-dieselforheavyequipmentstartup

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tCO2e

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tCO2e

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CO2eDieselfuelforstart-upMonth

Activity Dieselforheavyequipment

Liter tCO2 tCH4 tN2O tCO2eJan 5,830 15.72 0.00088 0.00409 16.96Feb 7,440 20.07 0.00112 0.00522 21.65Mar 5,110 13.78 0.00077 0.00358 14.87Apr 2,780 7.50 0.00042 0.00195 8.09May 9,610 25.92 0.00145 0.00674 27.96Jun 3,814 10.29 0.00057 0.00267 11.10Jul 3,720 10.03 0.00056 0.00261 10.82Aug 5,224 14.09 0.00079 0.00366 15.20Sep 3,856 10.40 0.00058 0.00270 11.22Oct 5,730 15.45 0.00086 0.00402 16.67Nov 6,070 16.37 0.00091 0.00426 17.66Dec 6,410 17.29 0.00097 0.00450 18.65Total Total 176.92 0.00988 0.04600 190.87

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Theactivitydataforstationarycombustionofdieselfuelusedforheavyequipmentdatawasgiveninliters.Thetotalemissionin2015was190.87tonsofCO2equivalent.DataaremissingforMarchand November (colored red). For both of these months, the activity data is derived based onestimatesfromaveragingthepreviousandfollowingmonth.

8.3Scope1-LiquidPetroleumGasuseTLGusesLiquidPetroleumGasinordertoweldmetalsandpipes.Theactivitydatawasgiveninthe number of 50 kg container of LPG the company uses. A total of 2.93 tones of CO2 wasgeneratedin2015.ThereisnogasusedinJanuary,NovemberandDecember.

8.4Scope1-TransportationTLGowns7vehiclesandrentstherestofitsrequiredvehicles.Threeseparatecalculationswerecarriedoutbasedonthedifferentemissionfactorcategories,i.e.gasolineon-roadvehicles,dieselon-road vehicles, anddiesel off-road vehicles. In termsof fuel use efficiency i.e.miles/liter, anaccuratedatawasonlygivenfortheonroadgasolinevehicle.Forthesolar/dieselroadandnon-roadvehicles,thedatawasprovidedbyTLGbasedonestimatesderivedfromthedistancetraveland theamountof fuelused.For thenon-roadvehicle, the fuelusedwasnotbasedondistancetravelledbutbasedontheamountoftimeitisused.Theactivitydatawasmerelyprovidedintheestimated total of 363 liters of solar per day.Hence, its accuracy is not to the fullest.The totalgeneratedemissionforvehiclealoneis401.52tonsofCO2equivalent.The pie chart below compares the annual emission from all three types of vehicle. As clearlyillustrated,most(90%)ofthefootprintisgeneratedfromthenon-roadvehicle,whilethegasolineand solar/diesel vehicles only account for an insignificant amount of 10% combined. The datavarieseachmonthasthetravelintensityofthecompanydiffers.Somemonthstheremaybemoreemployeesorgueststodrivearound,forinstancefromrepresentativeofficesinJakarta.Thereare

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CO2E(TONNES)

MONTH

CO2EfromLiquidPetroleumGasuseMonth

Activity Liquidpetroleumgasuse50KGtube tCO2 tCH4 tN2O tCO2e

Jan 0 0.0000 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.0000Feb 1 0.2914 1.42E-05 2.83E-06 0.2926Mar 1 0.2914 1.42E-05 2.83E-06 0.2926Apr 1 0.2914 1.42E-05 2.83E-06 0.2926May 1 0.2914 1.42E-05 2.83E-06 0.2926Jun 1 0.2914 1.42E-05 2.83E-06 0.2926Jul 1 0.2914 1.42E-05 2.83E-06 0.2926Aug 1 0.2914 1.42E-05 2.83E-06 0.2926Sep 1 0.2914 1.42E-05 2.83E-06 0.2926Oct 2 0.5828 1.89E-05 5.67E-06 0.5850Nov 0 0.0000 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.0000Dec 0 0.0000 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.0000Total 10 2.9141 1.32E-04 2.83E-05 2.9258

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othermonthswherethevehicleshavetotravelbackandforthtotownupto3timesperdaytogatherequipmentormaterials.

54.00

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tCO2e

Month

TotaltCO2etransportation(road&non-roadvehicles)

6%4%

90%

AverageVehicleFootprint

Road(diesel) Road(gasoline) Non-road

MonthActivity On-roadvehicles(Gasoline)Liter tCO2 tCH4 tN2O tCO2

Jan 369 0.86 5.56E-05 1.16E-05 0.86Feb 508 1.18 7.64E-05 1.59E-05 1.18Mar 323 0.75 4.86E-05 1.01E-05 0.75Apr 370 0.86 5.57E-05 1.16E-05 0.86May 452 1.05 6.80E-05 1.42E-05 1.05Jun 703 1.63 1.06E-04 2.20E-05 1.64Jul 563 1.30 8.47E-05 1.76E-05 1.31Aug 516 1.20 7.76E-05 1.61E-05 1.20Sep 609 1.41 9.17E-05 1.91E-05 1.42Oct 703 1.63 1.06E-04 2.20E-05 1.64Nov 950 2.20 1.43E-04 2.98E-05 2.22Dec 859 1.99 1.29E-04 2.69E-05 2.00Total 6925 16.06 1.04E-03 2.17E-04 16.15

MonthActivity RoadVehicles(solar/diesel)Liter tCO2 tCH4 tN2O tCO2e


MonthActivity Non-roadvehiclesLiter tCO2 tCH4 tN2O tCO2e

Jan 11253 30.35 1.69E-03 7.73E-04 30.6Feb 10164 27.41 1.53E-03 6.98E-04 27.7Mar 11253 30.35 1.69E-03 7.73E-04 30.6Apr 10890 29.37 1.64E-03 7.48E-04 29.6May 11253 30.35 1.69E-03 7.73E-04 30.6Jun 10890 29.37 1.64E-03 7.48E-04 29.6Jul 11253 30.35 1.69E-03 7.73E-04 30.6Aug 11253 30.35 1.69E-03 7.73E-04 30.6Sep 10890 29.37 1.64E-03 7.48E-04 29.6Oct 11253 30.35 1.69E-03 7.73E-04 30.6Nov 10890 29.37 1.64E-03 7.48E-04 29.6

Dec 11253 30.35 1.69E-03 7.73E-04 30.6

Total 13245 357.37 2.00E-02 9.10E-03 360.6

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8.5Scope2-Electricityuseatpowerplantpremises

TheelectricitysourcesinGorontaloare100%coalbased.TheprovidedactivitydatawasinkWh.The total generated emission was 7163 tons of CO2 equivalent. Visibly, the scope 1 powergeneration (section 8.1) and the scope 2 electricity use at power plant premises emissioncorresponds with high emission in March, sharp drop in May and August, as well as a steadyincreasefromSeptembertoNovember.

8.6Scope2-Electricityatresidentialarea

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Electricityuseatpowerplantpremises

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Electricityresidentialarea

MonthActivity ElectricityuseatpowerplantkWh tCO2 tCH4 tN2O tCO2e

Jan 1409269 458.97 0.0529 0.0077 463Feb 1454568 473.72 0.0546 0.0079 477Mar 2179470 709.80 0.0817 0.0119 715Apr 1924454 626.75 0.0722 0.0105 632May 830492 270.47 0.0311 0.0045 273Jun 2095200 682.36 0.0786 0.0114 688Jul 2091900 681.28 0.0785 0.0114 687Aug 1403906 457.22 0.0527 0.0077 461Sep 1906525 620.91 0.0715 0.0104 626Oct 2120541 690.61 0.0795 0.0116 696Nov 2240112 729.55 0.0840 0.0122 735Dec 2165257 705.17 0.0812 0.0118 711Total 21821694 7106.81 0.8184 0.1190 7163

MonthActivity ElectricityuseatresidentialareaPrice(Rp) tCO2 tCH4 tN2O tCO2e


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TLG has three residential areas to house its workers. The data given are in the form of non-computerizedelectricitypaymentreceipts.Idividedthetotalfeepaid(Indonesianrupiah)whichexcludes the administration feewith the area’spriceof electricity. Thisprovided the total kWhusedpermonth.Followingthis,IderivedtheCO2,CH4,N2OandCO2equivalentemitted.Atotalof5.40tonesofCO2equivalentwasgeneratedin2015.DataaremissingforJanuaryandFebruary(highlighted).Themissingdataaresubstitutedwiththeaverageofelectricityusein2015asonlydata from that year was given. Similar to transportation, the GHG intensity for residentialelectricitydependontheintensityofthecompany’sactivity. Forinstance, insomemonthsthanothers,thecompanymayneedtoaccommodatemoreguestsinitsresidentialareasfromwithinorfrom outside of the company. On the other hand, in somemonths there tends to be intensiveelectricity blackouts in the area from the state’s electricity company which can highly yetinvoluntarilyreduceelectricityuse.

8.7Totalscope1andscope2emissions

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2015 scope1andscope2emissions (Metric tons)

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The line graph above illustratemonthly scope 1 and 2 emission forTLG.Thoughhardtoillustrateduetothelargedifferenceinquantity,itcanbe seen that the scope 2 patternvaguely follows the scope 1emissions. For instance is the highincreaseinMarch,drasticdecreaseinMay,andanotherincreaseinJune.The bar graph on the left furtherillustrate that the scope 1 emissionfor TLG is drastically higher than itsscope2.While the total emission forTLG in 2015was20597 tons of CO2equivalent forscope1, itwasmerely7168 tons of CO2 equivalent forscope2emission.

9.IdentificationofopportunitiesThereareacoupleof identifiedopportunities for thecompany’sGHGreduction.Seeing that thehighest emission generation is from coal-driven power generation (8.1) it will be wise if thecompanycanlookintocleancoaltechnologies.For instance,cleaningcoalby ‘washing’mineralsandimpuritieswhichcanreduceemissionsofashandevenSO2.Thishasbeenastandardpracticefor a number of years in developed countries. There is also the option of fabric filters that canremovearound99%of flyash from fluegases.Finally, is theoptionofdewateringbrowncoals(lowerrankcoals)toincreasecalorificvalueandthustheefficiencyofconversionintoelectricity.Regardingvehicleemission,itwouldbeunreasonabletoreplacethecompany’son-roadandnon-road vehicles as they are still well-functioning. There is also no significant economic incentivebecause thecompany isnotrequiredbyregulators todoso.However,during thepowerplant’splannedexpansionto2x50MW,TLGwillneedtoacquiremorevehicles.Hence,itwillbewisetotakeinmindmorefuelefficientvehicles.Ifmoreresidentialclusterswillbeadded,itwillalsobewisetopickpropertiesclosertotheplantforthesakeofamoreefficientfueluse.IfTLGweretobuildnewresidentialclusters,itshouldtakeintoaccountenergyefficienciesinitsdesigns.Forexistingresidentialbuildings,itmaywanttoconsiderretrofittingwithmoreefficientappliances. The companymay benefit from consultingwith design experts formore innovativestrategies. Itneeds tobeunderstoodhowever, thiswillonlycontributeasmall reductionof thecompany’stotalemissions.Itwillregardlessbeworthfurtherinvestigation.

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2015 totalannualScope1andscope2emissions (MetricTons)

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10.MovingforwardRealisticallyitwillbeverydifficultforthecountrytosetitsemissiongoalsasthegovernmentisdemandingmoreelectricityresourceandthecompanyisincreasingitsgenerationcapacity.IntheprovincewhereTLGis located,thereiscurrentlyamuchhigherelectricitydemandthansupply.Many incentives are present for generation, yet there is currently almost no support from anystakeholdersforemissionefficientinitiatives.Amore realistic goal for the company is to conduct amore comprehensive research of energyefficient processes that can be applied for the plant. It should also keep better track of itsemissions accounting to provide transparency for stakeholders and to prepare in caseenvironmentalreportingrequirementsbecomemorestringent.

11.ConclusionandLessonslearnedThisreportintotaldidsixmajorcalculationstoaccountforTLG’sGHGemissions.Forscopeone,itcovered:coal-drivenpowergeneration,diesel fuelusedforheavyequipmentstart-upandliquidpetroleum gas for pipe and other metal welding as well as transportation (on road gasolinevehicles, road solar/diesel vehicle, andnon-road vehicles). For scope2, it covered electricity atpowerplantandelectricityatthecompany’sresidentialclusters.TLG’shighestemissioncome from the company’s scope1emission,particularly from itspowergeneration.For itsscope2ontheotherhand, thehighestemission isgeneratedfromelectricityuseatthepowerplantpremises.Overall,thereareanumberofmissingdataattributedtolackofsystemized information storage. Though not significant, it could have a slight effect on theaccuracyofthereport.DespitehavingprovidedseveralrecommendationsforthecompanytoconsiderregardingitsGHGemissions,itisnotablytakenintoaccountthatloweringtotalemissioninthefutureishardduetoincreasingenergydemand,thecompany’splanforexpansion,aswellasalackofregulatoryandeconomicincentives.Forfuturereferences,itwouldbehelpfulforthecompanytokeepbettertrackofitsactivitydata.Aparticulardifficultyregardingaccuracyinthisreportisthatthereareacoupleofmonthswhereseveraldataaremissing.Hence,thecompanycanalsobenefitbycomputerizingallactivitydatasothat amore accurate calculation can be done and a safer data storage can be provided. Reportaccuracycanalsobegreatly improved ifdataregardingemission factors fromIndonesiacanbeacquired.Thiswouldalsomakefuturereportingeasierastherewillnotbemuchunitconversioninvolved.

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Appendix

Emissionfactors

VariableCO2(KG/mmBtu)

CH4(g/mmBtu) N2O(g/mmBtu)

Lignitecoal 97.72 11 1.6Mixedcoal(electricpowersector) 95.52 11 1.6Variable CO2(kg/gallon) CH4(g/mile) N2O(g/mile)Gasolinepassengercars(2009-present) 8.78 0.0173 0.0036Dieselfuel 10.21 0.0051 0.0048Variable CO2(kg/gallon) CH4(g/gallon) N2O(g/gallon)Otherdieselresources 10.21 0.57 0.26Dieselconstructionequipment 10.21 0.57 0.26

GlobalwarmingpotentialCO2 1CH4 25N2O 298

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TLG - GHG Report