TKS Medical Handbook Draft 1

8/11/2019 TKS Medical Handbook Draft 1

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CONTENTS:

Essential First Aid .... .

Unconscious ...3 DRSABCD ......5 CPR ChokingDrowning

Trauma ....... ..

Burns

Medical Emergencies ...

AsthmaFaint

Heat ExposureBites and Stings Allergy/Anaphylaxis


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Unconsciousness [State of unresponsiveness. The Casualty isunaware of their surroundings and no significant response is obtained.]

All unconscious casualties must be handled gently and every effort must bemade to avoid twisting OR forward movement of the head and spine. ...........

The recovery position: Maintains a clear airway allows tongue to fall forward Lessens risk of inhaling foreign material Facilitates drainage of saliva, blood, food, vomit, etc

Permits observation and access to airway Avoids placing pressure on chest to facilitate breathing Provides a stable position and minimises injury to casualty

STEP 1Raise the furthest armabove head.Place nearest armacross body.Bend nearest legupwards.Using one hand on

shoulder and one handon knee, roll casualtyaway from you .

STEP 2Stabilise casualtyby flexing the bentknee to 90 o whenresting on theground.Tuck armunderneath armpit.

Ensure head isresting onoutstretched arm.

STEP 3Carefully tilt thehead slightlybackwards anddownwards.

Essential First Aid


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Essential First Aid


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CPR

Danger ....

Survey SCENE Remove + Minimise Hazards

Response Talk and Touch .... ... SPEAK LOUDLY Dont shout

SQUEEZE SHOULDERS firmly dont shake

S end for help ..

Airway .

Breathing [LOOK.LISTEN.FEEL] .................. ............ LOOK for rise and fall of lower chest/upper abdomen LISTEN for sound of breaths FEEL for movement of chest and air escaping from mouth

If casualty is unresponsive and not breathing normallyafter airway cleared and opened, commence CPR.

Check for FOREIGN MATERIAL that couldbe obstructing airway Open airway lift chin and tilt backwardhead to open airwayIf foreign material present, roll into recoveryposition and clear material using fingersweep and drainage of fluids

Essential First Aid


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CPR Compressions 30 Chest Compressions : 2 Rescue Breaths = CPR

30 Compressions2 Rescue Breaths

Defibrillation

Essential First Aid


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Bleeding

Embedded Object

Nose Bleed

DO NOT remove the objectBuild up padding around the object and bandage firmly

Apply INDIRECT, SUSTAINED pressure to the padElevate, immobilise, restrict movement of limb

DO NOT apply pressure to the objectDO NOT shorten object (do so if necessary)

Trauma

Pinch soft part of nose below bone Ask casualty to lean forward and breath through mouthMaintain pressure and posture for at least 10 minutes

If bleeding continues > 20 minutes seek medical assistanceo Apply cold compress to forehead and neck


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Burns

DRSABCD Rinse affected areas with WATER for at least 20 minutesCover burnt area with loose, non-stick dressing (e.g. sterile non-

adherent dressing, plastic cling wrap, wet handkerchief)


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AsthmaAsthma is a disorder of the airways that can cause respiratory distress.Breathing difficulties can be caused through spasm, inflammation andincreased mucus production in the airways. There are a variety of asthmatrigger exercise, weather, pollen, food preservatives, smoke or infection.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMSMild

Dry persistent coughWheezingBreathless but speaks in sentencesChest tightness

Severe (Call ambulance quickly)Gasping for breath cannot speakNo wheeze (no air movement)Blue lipsSkin pale and sweatyExhaustion

Anxious/ Distressed

Rapid pulseCollapse (respiratory arrest)

FIRST AIDSit casualty comfortably upright.Calm and reassure- stay withcasualtyReliever Medication (4 puffs -1 puff followed by 4 breaths).Shake first.If no improvement, repeat after4 minutes and call 000Keep giving 4 puffs every 4mins until ambulance arrives orcasualty improves significantly.Give oxygen if available(8L/min)

Medical Emergencies


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Allergy/Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction, which can be triggered bynuts (especially peanuts), cow's milk, eggs, wheat, insect stings/bites (bee,wasp, ant, tick), fish, shellfish, and certain drugs (e.g. Penicillin).The airwaysrapidly swell and constrict, interfering with breathing, and the blood vessels

widen. Casualties need an immediate injection of adrenaline. People who knowthey are at risk may wear a medical alert bracelet and carry their own injectableadrenaline.

Documents

TKS Medical Handbook Draft 1