Title of the paper Paper 1

Title of the paper Paper 1: CELL BIOLOGY

Category :

Part III Core

Year

First year

Semester

I

Credits

4

Pre- requisites Knowledge of biology at Higher Secondary level

Objectives of the

course

To introduce the student to various biological activities

occurring at cellular level

Unit 1

Cell theory: Cell as a Unit of Life. General characteristics and difference between prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells. Structure of cell Membrane, Cell membrane permeability, intercellular relations,

molecular organization of cell membrane. Transport across cell membrane – passive transport, active

transport, Sodium and Potassium pump , Ca2+ ATPase- co-transport – endocytosis, pinocytosis,

phagocytosis, exocytosis.

Unit 2

Eukaryotic cell structure, cell Organelles-mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi

apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, cytoplasmic matrix, Microfilaments and Microtubules, Cilia and

Flagella, Cell Cycle.

Unit 3

Signal amplification,cAMP,role of IP3,cGMP and G-proteins role in signal transduction,calcium influx

and its role in cell signaling,current models of signal amplification

Unit 4

Structure of Nucleic acids, Nucleic acid synthesis, DNA replication, repair, recombination- Regulation

of transcription in prokaryote (lac operon,trp operon) and eukaryotes, RNA processing and post

transcriptional control.

Unit 5

Protein secretion and sorting, folding, modification, and degradation of proteins.

Reference Books:

1. Cell and molecular Biology: E.D.Derobertis., 7th ed Holt Rinehart and Winston publications

2. Molecular Biology of the Cell: Bruce Alberts., Lewis.J., Johnson A.J., Raff. L.M.

2002.Garland Publishers

3. Cell and Molecular Biology: Gerold Karp., 4th ed. John Wiley and sons.

4. Molecular Cell Biology : Lodish et al., 2000. Fourth Edition, W.H. Freeman & Co

Course Outcome: The student will be able to gain knowledge in structure, function and metabolic

processes of cell.

Title of the paper Allied Paper 1: MICROBIOLOGY

Category :

Part III Allied

Year

First year

Semester

I

Credits

4

Pre- requisites Knowledge of biology at Higher secondary level

Objectives of the course To introduce the student to various aspects of basic

microbiology.

Unit 1

Introduction and history of microbiology, Scope of microbiology- Microscopy and working principles

of different types of microscopes. General structural organization of Bacterial, Viral, fungal,

Actinomycetes.

Unit 2

Reproduction and growth of bacteria: Growth Nutritional requirements. Bacteriological media,

Selective media, Maintenance media, Differential media. Sterilization: Principles and different types of

sterilization (Physical methods, chemical methods, radiation methods). Stain and staining techniques:

Principles of stains and staining techniques – simple stains, structural stains and differential stains.

Unit 3

Role of microorganisms in the productivity of ecosystems – Role of microorganisms in food

production; dairy and non dairy products- Alcoholic beverages –beer, wine - production of food (SCP)-

spirulina, Bioethanol.

Unit 4

Pathogenic microorganisms. Bacterial diseases of man – tetanus, tuberculosis, pneumonia and cholera.

Viral diseases: Hepatitis and HIV. Protozoan-malaria and amoebiasis, fungal diseases-

dermatomycoses. Cure, control and prevention. Pharmaceuticals ( antibiotics-pencillin:vaccines-types).

Unit 5

Biosensors, Microbial pesticides, Biopolymers, and biosurfactants, biomining – bioconversions –

products of industrial microbiology- streptomycin, bakers yeast.

Recommended Books:

1. Microbiology- Concepts and Applications. Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S., King, N.R., 2001. Tata

McGraw – Hill, New Delhi.

2. A text book of Microbiology: Ananthanarayan, R. and Paniker, C.K.J. 2000. 6th edition. Orient

Longman Ltd., Hyderabad.

3. Microbiology Pelzar. 2000. 5th edition. Tata McGraw Hill., New Delhi.

4. Introduction to microbiology Ingraham, J.L., and Ingraham, C.A. 2000. , 2nd edition. Brooks/Cole,

Thomson Learning, USA.

5. Foundation in Microbiology Kathleen Park Talaro and Talaro, A. 1999, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill,

New York.

6. Microbiology: A Laboratory manual: Cappuccino, J.G and Sharman, N. 1999. , 4th edition.

Addition Wesley Longman Inc., New York.

Course Outcome: The student will be able to understand various microorganisms and their applications in

various fields of biotechnology

Title of the paper Paper 3: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Category:

Part III Core

Year

First year,

Semester

II

Credits

4

Pre- requisites Knowledge of biology at Higher secondary level and cell

biology at Bachelors level.

Objectives of the course To introduce the student to various molecular aspects of

development of living organisms.

Unit 1

Structure of gametes, oogenesis & spermatogenesis, Fertilization- Types, process, Capacitation,

Cleavage, Cell cycle, Apoptosis, Cell signaling pathways- RTK & JAK STAT.

Unit 2

Transcription, expression and regulation in Eukaryotic development with slime mould and C. elegans

as model systems. Fate map and axis formation in C.elegans.

Unit 3

Drosophila – Neurogenesis, regional specification, sex determination by nRNA processing.

Neurogenesis in Mammals, Differentiation of neurons, Pleuripotency in neural crest cells.

Unit 4

Myogenesis in mammals – specification and differentiation by protein factors. Embryogenesis in

mammals, Development of kidney tissues-mechanism of reciprocal induction.

Unit 5

Homeotic selector genes – BC-X & ANT-C, Oncogenes, Molecular biology of insect

metamorphosis.

Recommended Texts:

1. Developmental Biology: Gilbert, S. 2000. Seventh edition. Sinaver Associates Inc.

Publishers, MA. USA.

2. An Introduction to Molecular Biology: Tait, R.C. 1997. Horizon Scientific Press,

England.

3. Molecular Cell Biology. Media Connected: Lodish, H., Berk, A., Zipursky, S.L.,

Matsudaria, P., Baltimore, D. and Darnell, J. 2000. W.H. Freeman and Company, New

York.

4. Essentials of molecular biology: Freifelder, D. 1990. Narosa Publishing House, New

Delhi.

5. Molecular biology of the gene: Watson, J.D., and Hopkins, N.H., Roberts, J.W., Steitz,

J.A. and Weiner, A.M. 1988, 4th edition. Benjamin and Cummings Publishing

Company, Inc., California.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to gain knowledge on the Sequential processes involved in

development of an organism from fertilization to organ system formation.

Course Title: Allied Paper 2: Chemistry

Sl

NO

CONTENTS OF MODULE Hrs Cos

1 Atom-fundamental particles present in atom. Determination of charge of

electron-Millikan’s Oil drop method. Atomic models - Dalton Model,

Thomson model, Rutherford and Bohr Model (postulates and limitations

only). Atomic number, mass number. Isotope, Isotone, Isobar. Quantum

numbers - orbitals types and shapes.

18 CO1

2

States of matter-solid, liquid and gases (only). Solid-Crystalline and

amorphous solids, types of crystals (definitions with examples only). Liquid-

surface tension and Viscosity. Gas- vapour pressure and gas laws-boyle,

Charles and avagadro law and ideal gas equation, deviation in ideal behavior

and Dalton partial vapour pressure.

18 CO2

3 Introduction-System and its types, surrounding, Basic concepts - Work,

energy, heat, Intensive and extensive properties. State and path functions.

reversible and irreversible process. Exothermic and endothermic process.

First law of Thermodynamics - internal energy, Enthalpy, Limitations of I law

of thermodynamics

18 CO3

4 Organic compounds- general classification, aliphatic and aromatic

compounds, saturation and unsaturation, functional groups, Nucleophiles,

Electrophiles. Homolytic and Heterolytic bond dissociations. Inductive,

resonance and steric effects with examples. Aromaticity- Nitration,

sulfonation and halogenation of benzene and phenol only.

18 CO4

5 Carbohydrates-classification based on hydrolysis (mono, oligo and

polysaccharides only), reducing and non reducing sugars and Osazone

formation. Amino acid-essential and non essential aminoacids, Zwitter ion,

peptide bond, structure and function of fibrous and globular protein.

18 CO5

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Puri, Sharma and Kalia(2012).Principles of Inorganic Chemistry.33rd Edition. Milestone publishers and

distributor, Delhi. India

2. B.R. Puri , L.R. Sharma and K.C. Kalia(2014). Principles of Physical Chemistry. 47th edition, Vishal

Publishing Co. India

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Robert Thornton Morrison and Robert Neilson Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th edition,Pearson

Education, Delhi, India

2. Paula Yurkanis Bruice(2005)Organic Chemistry,3rd edition, Pearson Education,India

3. L.G.Wade, Jr, Maya Shankar Singh() Organic Chemistry 6th edition, Pearson Education, Delhi, India

Course Outcome: The student will be able to understand the basic concepts and principles of atoms,

molecules and carbohydrates.

Title of the paper Biotechnology For Society

Category Year Semester Credits

Non Major Elective 1 I I 2

Objective of the Course:

• The course contents help the student to understand the basics concepts of Biotechnology.

• The course also helps the student to gain knowledge about various biotechnology

products and its applications.

Learning Outcome

• Provides basics scientific knowledge about biotechnological products.

UNIT 1 (6 h)

Introduction to Biotechnology, Role of Biotechnology in Sericulture. Aquaculture, Apiculture.

Vermiculture. Mushroom technology.

UNIT 2 (6 h)

Biofertilizers. Biopesticides. ,Single cell protein,. Bioplastics. Bioweapons.

UNIT 3 (6 h)

Bio dyes, Bio fuels – Biodiesel & Biogas. Bioindicators. Biodegradation- Role of GMO's.

UNIT 4 (6 h)

Production of Penicillin, Plantibodies. IVF, Animal cloning - dolly, Vaccines in animal cells, Gene

therapy.

UNIT 5 (6 h)

Transgenic animals and their applications - Mice, Sheep and Fish. Transgenic plants and

their applications- BT Cotton, Flavr-Savr tomato and Golden rice.

Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology Chawla,(2003) (2nd edn) Oxford and IBH publishers

2. Biotechnology, Satyanarayana. U, (2008), Books and Allied (p) Ltd.

3. Industrial Microbiology – A.H. Patel, MacMillan Publishers, 2005

4. A text book of Biotechnology, R. C. Dubey, (2001), Rajendra Printer.New Delhi.

5. Environmental Biotechnology. A.K.Chatterji. Third edition. PHI Learning Pvt Ltd. New

Delhi.

Course Outcome: The student will be able to understand the basic concepts of biotechnology and its

role in the well being of society

Title of the paper Food Science


Non Major Elective 2 I II 2

Objective of the Course:

• The course contents help the student to understand the basics concepts of food and its

nutritive values.

• The course also helps the student to gain knowledge about food packaging and preservation.

Learning Outcome

• Applying scientific knowledge to assess and solve food science problem.

UNIT 1 (6 h)

Introduction to food: Food as a prime energy sources, classification & types of food, taste perception.

Nutritive value of foods-carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Junk foods, fast foods and its ill effects in

the body.

UNIT 2 (6 h)

Food Preservation: Basic principles of food preservation-aseptic conditions. Preservation using high

temperature and low temperature. Drying-methods, factors in control of drying treatment of foods.

UNIT 3 (6 h)

Food Packaging: Principles in development of protective packaging. Shelf life of packaged foodstuffs.

Flexible packaging materials and their properties. Types of packaging- shrink, biodegradable, active.

UNIT 4 (6 h)

Food Spoilage: Changes of spoilage- general appearance, colour changes, texture, odour and flavour.

Chemical changes caused by Microorganisms. Factors affecting growth of microorganisms-

temperature, moisture content.

UNIT 5

(6 h)

Food Adulteration: Introduction to Food adulteration and new adulterants in foods. Export inspection

council laboratory. Central grain analysis laboratory- standards of weights and measures act, quality

control and inspection acts.

Reference Books:

1. Desrosier N.W and Desrosier J. N. The Technology of Food Preservation, CBS Publication, New

Delhi, 1998.

2. Paine F.A and Paine H.Y. Handbook of Food Packaging, Thomson Press India Pvt Ltd, NewDelhi-

1992.

3. Potter N.H, Food Science, CBS Publication, New Delhi, 1998.

4. Ramaswamy H and Marcott M, Food Processing Principles and Applications CRC Press, 2006.

5. Frazier W.C and Westhoff D.C, Food Microbiology, TMH Publication, New Delhi, 2004.

Course Outcome: The student will be able to understand about different types of food, various

processes involved in food packaging and storage. Students will also be able to know about various

mechanisms by which food spoilage occurs.

Paper – 5

Title of the paper GENETICS

Category of the course Year Semester Credits

Core II III 4

Unit I

Classical genetics- Mendelian laws, monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance. Dominance, codominance.

Chromosome structure and organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Different types of

chromosomes, banding techniques, karyotypes and karyotyping.

Unit II

Alleles & Multiple alleles and ABO, Rh blood groups and significance, linkage, crossing over and

genetic mapping of chromosomes.

Unit III

Identification of the DNA as the genetic material. Classical experiments of Hershley Chase, Avery

McLeod etc. Cell cycle and cell division. Genetic recombination in bacteria: Conjugation, transduction,

and transformation.

Unit IV

Mutagens and mutation. Chromosomal aberrations.An introduction to Population genetics - Principles

of variation and selection process of speciation, genetic drift, pedigree analysis & construction of

pedigree.

Unit V

Sex chromosomes and sex linked inherited disorder (Down‟s syndrome, turner‟s syndrome, klinefelter‟s

syndrome) Mendelian inheritance in man, genetic disorder & diagnosis, treatment. Genetic

counseling, Ultra sound scanning, amniocentesis.

Reference Books:

1. An Introduction to genetic analysis- W.H.Freeman,Griffiths,Miller.

2. Principles of Genetics – Gardener E.J.Simmons M.J.Slustad DP. .

3. Human genetics – Elane mangae, Freeman

4. Human genetics –concepts and application-Lewis, Mcgraw hill.

5. Instant notes in genetics – Winter P C, G J Hickey, and HL Fletcher.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to understand on the role of biomolecules involved in heredity,

principles of gene transfer and the disorders linked with various defects in genes

Paper-6

Title of the paper Biochemistry


Allied II III 4

Unit I

Definition of pH; pOH ; buffers; acids; base; Zwitter ions. Derivation & significance of Henderson -

Hasselbalch equation. Measurement of pH. Normality, Molarity & Molality and their biological

significance, Buffer systems.

Unit II

Carbohydrates - Structure, chemistry & properties; Glycolysis; Kreb cycle; Glycogenolysis;

Gluconeogenesis; Glygogenesis, HMP Shunt.

Unit III

Lipids- Structure, chemistry & properties; Oxidation of fatty acid; Biosynthesis of fatty acid and

triglycerides

Unit IV

Nucleic acid metabolism and Proteins - Structure, chemistry & properties; Transamination and deamination

Unit V

Classification of porphyrins, their structure & properties; Structure of metalloporphyrins- haeme,

chlorophyll & vitamins, ETC and oxidative phosphorylation. Prostaglandins - leuckotrienes, thromboxanes,

interferons, interleukins.

Reference books

1. Principles of biochemistry: Lehninger, A.L., 2005, 4th edition, W.H.freeman, Newyork.

2. Biochemistry: Voet, D & Voet, J. G., 2004, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

3. Biochemistry: Lubert Stryer, 2001, 5th edition, W.H.freeman, Newyork.

4. Molecular Biomethods Handbooks: Rapley, R & Walker. J.M., 1998, Humana press.

5. Biochemistry: U. Sathyanarayana, 2002, Arunabna sen books & allied (p) Ltd.

6. Biochemistry: Zubay G.L. 4th edition, 1998,Mc graw hill

7. www.cohfreeman.com/biochem5

8. http.//www.harcourtcollege.com

Course Outcome: Students will be able to understand about the biomolecules and its role in various

metabolic processes.

http://www.cohfreeman.com/biochem5

http://www.harcourtcollege.com/

Paper –13

Title of the paper Genetic Engineering


Core III VI 4

UNIT 1

Core techniques in gene manipulation. Cutting and joining of nucleic acids. Restriction enzymes,

nucleic acid manipulating enzymes. Restriction and modification systems in bacteria. Cloning strategies.

UNIT 2

Introduction to cloning vectors. Plasmids, Plasmid vectors- Construction of pBR322, pUC vectors,

Phage vectors- λ and M13 vectors, Yeast vectors

UNIT 3

Selection and screening of recombinants. Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries. Methods of

labelling gene probes.

UNIT 4

DNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Key concepts . Analysis of PCR

products – ligase chain reaction, RFLP, RAPD, DNA finger printing, DNA sequencing. Site directed

mutagenesis and protein engineering.

UNIT 5

Introduction of cloned genes into host cells- Gene cloning and its application in research,

medicine(gene therapy) and agriculture(transgenic plants, Edible Vaccines).

Reference books:

1. Ernst.L.Winnacker (2003). From Genes to Clones, II edition., Panima publishing cooporation.

New Delhi

2. Benjamin Lewin (2004). Genes VIII. Pearson education corporation, New jersey.

3. J.D.Watson (2001). Recombinant DNA technology, II edition, W.H Freeman and company. New

York.

4. Friedfielder. D (1987) Molecular Biology, II edition, Narosa publishing house, New Delhi.

5. Primrose.S.B (2003) Principles of gene manipulation, 6th edition, Blackwell Scientific limited,

Germany

Course Outcome: Students will be able to understand about cloning vectors, DNA amplification

techniques, screening techniques for identifying recombinants, transfer of recombinants to host cells

used in genetic engineering technology

Title of the paper Allied Paper 4: BIOANALYTICS AND BIOSTATISTICS


Allied II IV 4

Unit 1

Specialized Electrophoretic Techniques - Principles, factors affecting the migration rate - sample, electric field,

buffer and supporting medium. Discontinuous (Disc) Gel electrophoresis, Gradient electrophoresis, High

Voltage electrophoresis, Pulse Field electrophoresis, Electrophoresis in genetic analysis, Southern transfer,

Northern Transfer.

Unit 2

Spectroscopic Techniques - Theory and Application of UV and Visible Spectroscopy, Fluorescence

Spectroscopy, MS, NMR, ESR, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, ICP-OES, ICP-MS

Unit 3

Separation Technique - Principles of Centrifugation, Differential & Density Gradient centrifugation. Column

Chromatography, Thin layer Chromatography, Paper Chromatography, GLC, Gel Permeation Chromatography,

Ion exchange Chromatography, Affinity Chromatography, HPLC

Unit 4

Radiolabelling Techniques - Properties of different types of radioisotopes normally used in biology, their

detection and measurement, incorporation of radioisotopes in biological tissues and cells, molecular imaging of

radioactive material & safety guidelines.

Unit 5

Statistical Analysis - Biometry, collection, classification and tabulation of data, sampling and sample designs,

Graphs – technique for constructing Graphs, Graphs of frequency distributions – Histograms. Measures of

central tendency – (Arithmetic, harmonic and geometric mean), median and mode, Measures of dispersion –

standard deviation, quartile deviation and mean deviation. Probability theory – probability distribution,

Binomial, poisson and normal distribution, correlation and regression analysis, ANOVA.

Reference books:

1. John G. Webster. 2004. Bioinstrumentation.University of Wisconsin. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Savile Pradbury. 1991. Basic measurement techniques for light microscopy, Oxford University Press,

Royal Microscopical Society.

3. Westermeier R. 1993. Electroporesis in practice – VCH – Federal Republic of Germany.

4. Willett J E. 1991. Gas Chromatography, John Wiley & Sons.

5. Wilson K. and Walker. 1995. Practical Biochemistry Principles and Techniques, Cambridge

University Press.

6. Gupta S P. 2002. Biostatistical methods. S.Chand and sons, New Delhi.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to gain knowledge on the various analytical techniques such as

chromatography, electrophoresis and interpretation of data by statistical applications

Paper –11

Title of the paper Immunology


Core III V 4

UNIT-1

Biology of the immune system; innate immunity, acquired immunity. Organization and structure of

Lymohoid organs. Cells of the immune system. Macrophages and Phagocytosis.

UNIT-2

Nature and biology of antigens. Structure, classes and functions of antibodies; Antigenic receptors. Effector

components of an immune response. Pathways of complement systems. Isolation, purification and

characterization of H1N1 antigen.

UNIT-3

Antigen and antibody interactions- Antibody affinity, avidity, specificity, cross reactivity. An introduction to

MHC I and MHC II. Immunological tolerance. HLA typing.

UNIT-4

Purification of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. Types of hypersensitivity-assessment of delayed

hypersensitivity reactions. Hybridoma and monoclonal antibody production.

UNIT-5

Biology and assay of cytokines. AIDS, Infectious diseases (Bacterial,viral). Immunotechnology -

Immunodiffusion and Immunoelectrophoresis. Vaccine technology including DNA vaccines.

Reference books

1. R.A.Goldsby, T.J.Kindt & B.A.Osborne. Immunology, Freeman and Company.

2. Janes Kuby, Immunology, fourth edition, W.H. Freeman and company, NewYork.

3. Roitt. . Immunology. Black well Scientific Publications.

4. Joshi, K.R & Osama, N.O., 1998, Immunology, Agro Botanica Bikaner.

5. Ivan M. Roitt and Peter J. Delvis, . Essential Immunology, Ninth edition. Blackwell Science

Pub.,USA.

6. D.M.Weir. , Immunological techniques. Vol 4. Black well Scientific Publication.

7. Lesley Janes Eales, Immunology For Life Scientists, Second edition, Wiley Pub.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to gain knowledge on the role of defense mechanism,

lymphocytes, antigen antibody reactions and vaccines which is vital to understand immune system of

the body

Title of the paper Bioinformatics


Core III VI 4

UNIT -1

Genome Structure, Human Genome Project.Gene Expression data, Biological DNA Sequence

Databases: EMBL, DDBJ, Genbank, Specialized Databases, Genome Databases.

UNIT -2

Sequence Analysis- Sequence Alignment: Alignment algorithms - Global and Local –

Significance, Dynamic Programming in Sequence Alignment, Dot Matrices, BLAST, FastA, Pair wise

alignment, Multiple Sequence Alignment methods, Substitution Matrices – PAM, BLOSUM.

UNIT -3

Gene Expression analysis tools: mRNA- cDNA Libraries ; Microarrrays, Genome annotation-

Detecting ORF, Software programs for finding genes. Comparative Genomics – Determining gene

function by sequence comparison,

UNIT -4

Protein Sequence Databases: Primary Databases – Composite Databases- Non-redundant Databases –

Secondary Databases, Structural Databases.

Protein structure prediction methods- Primary, secondary, tertiary structure prediction Proteomic

analysis tools: Protein domains and motifs - Bioinformatic tools for high throughput protein analysis

UNIT -5

Metabolomics: Significance, Metabolic pathway databases.Drug discovery and Identification,

Phamacogenomics and New Drug Design. Need for developing new drugs: Procedure followed in drug

design; Physico-chemical parameters in drug design; QSAR.

Reference books

1. Bioinformatics- David Mount.

2. Biological Sequence Analysis – Durbin, Eddy, Krogh and Mitchison

3. Principles of Genome Analysis and Genomics – S.B. Primrose and R. M. Twyman ( 3rd Edition)

4. Microarrays for an integrative Genomics – Issac.S, Kohane, Alvin T Kho and Atul J. Butte

5. Databases and Algorithms – N. Gautham

6. Proteomics- Pennigton & Dunn (2002) Viva books publishers, New Delhi

7. Bioinformatics- A practical guide to the analysis of Genes & Protein 2nd ED Andreas,Baxevanis and

Francis Ouellette.

8. DassanayakeS.Ranil, Y.I.N. Silva Gunawardene., 2011. Genomic and Proteomic Techniques, Narosa

Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

9. Thiagarajan B, Rajalakshmi.P.A. , 2009. Computational Biology, MJPpublishers, Chennai.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to understand about various nucleotide, protein databases, steps

in retrieving and analyzing information from databases to understand about an organism or biological

molecule.

Paper –15

Title of the paper BioprocessTechnology


Core III VI 4

UNIT I

History and scope of microbial biotechnology, microbial diversity and its use. Microbial Biomass.

Microbial polysaccharides-xanthenes and cyclodextrins. Cultivation and preservation of microorganisms,

Immobilized cells.

UNIT II

Fermentors-fermenter design and construction. Types of fermentors-batch fermentor,continuous

fermentor,tubular fermentor,air lift fermentor, fluidized bed fermentor, tower fermentor.

UNIT III

Production of microbial enzymes and applications-proteases, lipases,carbohydrases. Production of

organic solvents-ethyl alcohol, glycerol. Single cell proteins-spirulina, chorella, mushroom.

UNIT IV

Production of beverages, beer, wine. Production of baker‟s yeast, milk products. Biomass from

carbohydrates, higher alkenes, methanol.

UNIT V

Biofertilizers and Biopesticides- manufacture, formulation and utilization, Microbes in mining, ore

leaching, oil recovery, waste water treatment. Biodegradation of non cellulose and cellulosic wastes.

References:

1. El-Mans, E.M.T., and Bryce, C.F.A 2002. Fermentation microbiology and Biotechnology. Taylor

and Francis group.

2. Prave, P., Faust, V., Sitting W. and Sukatseh, D.A. (eds.). 1987. Fundamentals of Biotechnology.

WCH Weinhein.

3. Moo-Young, M. (ed.) 1985. Comprehensive biotechnology - Volume 2,3 and 4. Pergamon Press.

4. Stanbury, P.F. and Whitaker. A. 1984.Principles of fermentation Technology. Pergamon Press.

5. Coulson, J.M. and Richardson, J.F. 1984. Chemical Engineering. Pregamon press.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to gain knowledge in the role of microbial enzymes and

various fermentors used in industrial processes, role of microbes in degradation of toxins and

utilization of microbes as biofertilizers

Title of the paper Elective Paper 5: INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


Elective III VI 3

UNIT I

Overview of Biotechnology based industries; Category of biotechnology industries- Biopharma, bioservices,

bioinformatics, bioagri and bioindustries. Biotechnology industries- Global and Indian market potential,Future

prospects of Industial biotechnology

Unit II

Historical overview if industrial fermentation processes; Fermentation- Bacterial, Fungaland Yeast.

Biochemistry of fermentation; Basic concepts of Upstream and Downstream processing in Bioprocesses.

Bioreactors for fermentation; Basic concepts in designing bioreactors, types of bioreactors

UNIT III

Production processes for commercially important metabolites like organic acids (citric acid, lactic acid & acetic

acid); aminoacids (glutamic acid & tryptophan) and alcohols (butanol); antibiotics: (penicillin, streptomycin &

erythromycin), vitamins (vit B12 and Vit B2) and steroid biotransformation

UNIT IV

Biotechnology based processes for the production of biopreservative (Nisin), biopolymers (Xanthan gum &

PHB), cheese, microbial fuel cells, Biofuels – methane, hydrogen,biodiesel; Algae biofuels, Photobioreactors,

Alga bioprocesses for Biologically active metabolites- Single cell protein, beta carotene, spirulina, food grade

pigments, biopolymers

UNIT V

Production of recombinant proteins having therapeutic and diagnostic applictions (insulin, microbiahuman

growth hormone & interferon), production of recombinant vaccines (hepatitis B vaccine, cholera vaccine,

Vaccinia vector vaccine), production of monoclonal antibodies.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Satyanarayana U.” Biotechnology” Boks & Allied (P) ltd.,2005.

2. Kumar H.D “A textbook of Biotechnology” , 2nd edition, Affliated East West Press pvt Ltd., 1998

3. Balasubramanian, D etal., “Concepts in Biotechnology” Universities press pvt Ltd., 2004

4. Ratledge, Colin and Bjorn Kristiansen “ Basic Biotechnology” 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press,

2001

5. Dubey R.C, “A Textbook of Biotechnology” S.Chand

Course Outcome: The students will be able to understand about various biotechnology industries and the

different industrial products produced by using biotechnological methods.

Elective-II

Title of the paper Marine Biotechnology


Elective-III III V 3

Unit I

Historical background, Overview of present status of marine biotechnology, Importance of coastal

aquaculture, Criteria for selecting cultivable species, Commercially important and potential species.

Unit II

Aquafarms - Design and construction of culture systems, management practices-Extensive, Semi

intensive and intensive culture practices, mass spawning, Artificial insemination, invitro fertilisation.

Unit III

Cultivation of microalgae, macro algae, shrimp, carps, mud crab, live feed culture technique &feed

formulation. Sea food microbiology - normal genera associated with fish. Marine pollution - major

pollutants, biological indicators(marine microbes,algea &crustaceans)

Unit IV

Marine natural products - Chemicals, Marine Biomedical & Bioactive compounds from microalgae &

marine organism. Commercial bio products from marine organisms. Marine biotechnology for

economic development and environmental problem solving, transgenic marine organism.

Unit V

Bio fouling-marine fouling & boring organism,biofilm formation,bio-remediation,antifouling &

antiboring treatments,corrosion process - control of marine structure.

Reference books

1. Environmental Biotechnology and cleaner Bioprocess – Olguni, E.J. et al., 2000

2. Aquatic Microbiology - Rheinhemer, G., 1980. Johnwiley & Sons, pp. 235.

3. Microbial food poisoning - Elay, A.R.1992 Chapman and Hall, London, 191 pp.

4. Aquatic microbiology -An ecological approach Ford, T.E., 1993Blackwell scientific

publications, London, 518 pp.

5. Microbial ecology of the oceans Krichman, D.L., 2000. Wiley – liss, New york, 542 pp.

6. Aquaculture, farming and husbandry and fresh and marine organisms, Bradach, J.E., H.H.

Ryther and W.D. MC Larney Wiley lnterscience, New York. 1972.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to gain knowledge on the historical background of aquaculture,

construction system for aquafarms, cultivation of various aquatic organisms of commercial importance

and the application of aquatic organisms in protecting environment from pollutants.

Title of the paper Elective Paper 3: AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


Elective III V 3

Unit 1: Introduction

Scope and application of agriculture. Crop improvement hybridization and plant

breeding techniques. - Clonal Germplasm: Micro propagation, In vitro production of disease

free plants; Seed pathology.

Unit 2: Plant Resistance

Molecular and biochemical basis of plant disease resistance, Molecular basis of plant

resistance to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, heavy metals, high temperature.

Methods for crop improvement for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.

Unit 3: Plant growth promoting microorganisms

Plant Growth promoting bacteria: Nitrogen fixation- and nodulation genes.

Biochemistry of nitrogen fixation, Nif genes. Biofertilizers: Azolla and Anabena, Rhizobium,

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Biopesticide – Trichoderma and Bt.

Unit 4: Application

Commercial production of Transgenic crops- Impact of transgenic plants in agriculture

and Horticulture. Production of transgenic plants for fungal, bacterial and viral disease

resistance; herbicide resistance, drought and other abiotic stress resistance.

Unit 5: Bioethics

Bioethical issue on GM crops. Biosafety norms and controlled field trails and release of

transgenics (GMO). Plant Variety Protection Act: TRIPS and WTO. Regulatory issues of

biotechnology improved plants.

References

1. C.B.Nirmala, G.Rajalakshmi and C.Karthik, 2008. Plant Biotechnology, M.P.J.

Publishers, Chennai.

2. Kumar HD. (2005). Agricultural Biotechnology, Daya Publishing house.

3. Rajmohan joshi. (2006). Agricultural Biotechnology, Isha Books, Delhi.

4. Ahindra Nag. (2008). Text book of Agricultural Biotechnology, PHI Learning Private

Limited, New Delhi.

5. Arie Altman, Marcel Dekker, Agricultural Biotechnology Inc. (2001).

Course Outcome: The students will be able to understand the role of biotechnology in developing plants

that have resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, promote plant growth by plant growth promoting

microorganisms and application of transgenic crops along with its ethical issues.

Paper –9

Title of the paper Animal biotechnology and Stem cell Biology


Core III V 4

UNIT I

Basic principles of Biotechnology – manipulation of reproductive process – Artificial insemination –

freezing of semen – Embryo technology – in vitro maturation and fertilization – Pregnancy diagnosis –

Assisted reproductive technology.

UNIT II

Introduction of animal cell culture substrate, culture media, preservation and maintenance of cell

lines. Dissagregation of tissue and primary culture, Trypsinization(warm and cold method), cell counting

and viability counting, maintenance and culture of primary, secondary and continuous cell lines –

applications.

UNIT III

Strategies for gene transfer- Transfer to animal cell/embryos, Treatment through microinjection.

Transgenic animal- Transgenic sheep, Transgenic Fish.

UNIT IV

Introduction to stem cells - Properties of stem cell. Embryonic stem cells. Inducing pleuripotency.

UNIT V

Types of stem cell - embryonic stem cell, Adult stem cells, Neural Stem Cells, Hematopoetic Stem

Cells, muscle and Cardiac Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells. Stem cell Therapy and their applications.

Reference books:

1. Essentials of Stem Cell Biology. Robert Lanza, James Thomson, E. Donnal Thomas, Brigid

2. Hogan (editors). Academic Press, 2006.

3. Karp, G. (2010). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. VI Edition. JohnWiley

& Sons. Inc.

4. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. (2006). Cell and Molecular Biology. VIII Edition.

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

5. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. V Edition. ASM Press

& Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

6. Click, B.R. and Pasternark. 2002. Molecular Biotechnology: Principle and applications of

recombinant DNA. ASM press.

7. Ramasamy. P. 2002. Trends in Biotechnology, University of Madras of Publications,Pearl Press.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to gain knowledge about animal tissue culture, strategies of

gene transfer and various types of stem cells.

Title of the paper Plant biotechnology


Core II IV 5

Unit – I

History of plant biotechnology, Conservation of Plant using Biotechnology. Plant genome

organization: structural features of a representative plant gene, gene families in plants. Organization of

chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome, Regulation and control of gene expression.

Unit – II

Culture Medium preparation, Dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, „Explant‟ for plant tissue

culture - callus formation, Organogenesis (direct and indirect), embryogenesis (direct and indirect),

Suspension culture technique, Production of haploid plants and triploid plants, micropropagation, somatic

embryogenesis, Protoplast isolation, applications, Production of Artificial seeds.

Unit – III

Plant hormones – Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberllins, Abscissic acid and Ethylene. Phytochrome – role

in morphogenesis, Seed storage proteins.

Unit – IV

Gene transformation of plants by Agrobacterium – crown gall tumours, Ti plasmid vectors –

molecular mechanism of T- DNA transfer, Use of transgenic plants, Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes

by Rhizobia – biochemistry and molecular biology.

Unit - V

Genetic engineering in plants, selectable markers, reporter genes and promoters used in plant

vectors. Construction of genome libraries and cDNA libraries.Recombinants selection and screening –

analysis of recombinant DNA. Transgenic plants and their applications, molecular pharming.

Reference Books:

1. Razdan M.K 2011. Plant tissue culture. Oxford & IBH Publishing company, New Delhi.

2. H.S Chawala, 2010. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology. Oxford & IBH Publishing company, New

Delhi.

3. Slater,2008. Plant Biotechnology- The Genetic Manipulation of Plants, 2nd Edition, Humana {ress,

New Jersey.

4. K.Dass. 2005. Text Book Of Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Wiley Dreamtech , India

Course Outcome: Students will be able to understand various components required for plant tissue

culture and recombinant technology in plants

paper-10

Title of the paper Environmental Biotechnology


Core III V 4

Unit 1

Concept and scope of environmental Biotechnology, the biogeo cycles of environment

(Hydrological, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate and Sulphur cycle), Air pollutants ( Carbon monoxide,

Nitrogen Oxide, Sulphur dioxide, acid rain), air samplings and air monitoring.

Unit 2

Water pollutant, waste water treatment.Biofilm, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Engineering

strategies for Bioremediation-Evaluating bioremediation.

Unit 3

Detoxification of Hazardous chemicals. Factors causing molecular recalcitrance. Biodegrading of

problem Environmental contaminants-synthetic detergents, pesticides, hydrocarbons.

Unit 4

Reactors-Reactor types- batch reactor- continuous-flow stirred tank reactor, plug flow reactor , Using

alternate rate models, Engineering design of reactors.

Unit 5

Denitrification; physiology of denitrifying bacteria – Tertiary denitrification- one- sludge

denitrification – drinking water treatment: anaerobic treatment by methanogenesis – uses of methanogenic

treatment – Reactor configuration – special factors for the design of anaerobic sludge disasters.

Reference books:

1. Bruce E. Rittmann and Perry L.McCarty,2001.Environmental biotechnology.Principles and

applications.McGraw-Hill,New York.

2. Ahmed,N.Qureshi,F.M.and Khan,O.Y.2001.Industrial environmental

Biotechnology.Horizon press.

3. Smith,J.E.1996.Biotechnology,Third edition.Cambridge Low price edition. Cambridge University

press.

4. Sohal,H.S. and Srinvastava,A.K.1994.Environment and Biotechnonolgy,First edition.Ashish

publishing House,New Delhi

Course Outcome: Students will be able to know about water and air pollution, hazardous chemicals

causing pollution and the role of biotechnology in reducing the ill effects of pollution.

Title of the paper Intellectual Property Rights, Biosafety and Bioethics


Elective-III III VI 3

UNIT – 1

Introduction: Historical development of Human Rights – Human Rights violation- International

instruments- United Nations Commission for Human Rights – European Commission for Human Rights.

UNIT – 2

National Instruments: National and State Human Rights Commission – Article 21 of Indian

Constitution – Fundamental Rights of Indian Constitution – UDHR – International Covenants for Civil and

Political Rights.

UNIT – 3

Intellectual Property Right: Different types – Patents – Distinction among the various forms of

IPR.

UNIT – 4

Biosafety - General guidelines - Risk assessment studies- Hazardous materials used in

Biotechnology – Handling and Disposal – Good manufacturing practices & Good Laboratory practices –

Regulation on field experiments and release of GMO‟s - Labelling of GM foods – Guidelines for rDNA

research activity – Containment facilities and Biosafety practices – Guidelines for research in transgenic

plants.

UNIT – 5

BioEthics-Issues concerning reproduction, Birth, life and Death (Artificial insemination, egg

donation, IVF, embryo transplants, Prenatal diagnosis and sex selection & Abortion)

Reference Books:

1. J.E. Smith – Biotechnology, 3rd edition,, 1996 Cambridge Univ. Press.

2. Trayer, P.C, Fredrick.R., and Koch, M.2002. Biosafety. Board of Trustees, Michigan State

University, USA.

3. Mishra Pramod, 2000. Human Rights Glabal issues, Kalpaz publications.

4. Adam Smith , Theory of Moral sentiments.

5. Thiruvalluvar, Thirukkural, Arathupal and porutpal.

6. Bioethics. S.Ignacimuthu, Narosa publications.

7. Bioethics and Biosafety in Biotechnology, V.Sree Krishna.

8. Santaniello, Evenson, Ziberman, Carlson – Agriculture and Intellectual Property Rights, Univ.

Press, 1998

9. Thackerey,A (ed) – Private Science : Biotechnology and the Rise of the Molecular sciences, Univ

of Pennsylvania Press, Phil, 1998.

10. Paul, R.C.2000. Situation of Human Rights in India. Efficient offset printers.

Course Outcome: Students will be able to understand the importance of Intellectual property rights,

biosafety and bioethics in biotechnology

Documents

Title of the paper Paper 1